SCOUT LOG BOOK

( PRAVESH / PRATHAM SOPAN / DWITIYA SOPAN / TRITIYA SOPAN

/ RAJYA PURASKAR )

BIO DATA

1. NAME OF THE SCOUT : ……………………………………

2. NAME OF THE PATROL : ……………………………………

3. NAME OF THE TROOP : ……………………………………

4. REGISTRATION NUMBER OF TROOP : ……………………………………

5. NAME OF THE SCHOOL : ……………………………………

6. DATE OF BIRTH : ……………………………………

7. DATE OF JOINING IN THE MOVEMENT : ……………………………………

8. DATE OF INVESTITURE : ……………………………………

9. DATE OF PASSING PRAVESH : ……………………………………

10. DATE OF PASSING PRATHAM SOPAN : ……………………………………

11. DATE OF PASSING DWITIYA SOPAN : ……………………………………

12. DATE OF PASSING TRITIYA SOPAN : ……………………………………

13. DATE OF PASSING RAJYA PURASKAR : ……………………………………

14. NAME OF THE SCOUTMASTER : ……………………………………

15. SIGNATURE OF THE SCOUTMASTER : ……………………………………

16. SIGNATURE OF PRINCIPAL : ……………………………………

SCHOOL ROUND SEAL

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 PRAVESH
INDEX
S.NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.

1
General & holistic knowledge of the scout movement

2
. Scout Promise and Law

3 Scout motto, sign, salute and left hand shake.

.
4
Daily good turn at home and maintain dairy at least for a month

.
5
Uniform:- Know the parts of uniform and how to wear it.

. Composition and significance of the National flag, Bharat scouts and

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guides flag and world scout flag and Flag Etiquette.

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National anthem, BSG Prayer song and Flag song

8 . Troop Meetings.

undertake a 4 hour purposeful outing with Patrol.

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 1. General & holistic knowledge of the scout movement

Lord Badon powell of Giwell chief scout of the world

Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden Powell know to millions by his magical initials. B.P is founder
of the Boy Scout and Girl Guide movement was born in London on the 22nd February 1857. He
was the sixth son of professor H.G Baden Powell and Henrietta errance, daughter of Admiral
William smith professor Baden Powell died when B.P was three years old and the bonder of
bringing up the families, therefore, developed entirely on Mr. Baden Powell. He allowed them a
good deal of freedom to go about and learn things from themselves. This early up bringing gave
B.P. The real start for his future life as a holding and an out doors man.

• The Boy Scouts Movement had a simple start in the year 1907 when a Maj. General of Army
Lord Baden Powell conducted an experimental camp in Brown sea Island in England with 20
boys. The successful conduct of the camp and publication of the Book “Scouting for Boys” in a
fortnightly marked the start of the Boy Scout Movement.
•
In the year 1910, Crystal palace Rally was held where Girls wearing the boy Scout uniform
appeared and wanted to join the Scout Movement. Lord Baden Powell decided to start a
movement for Girls with the help of his sister Agnes Baden Powell

After the formation of the boy scout movement. B.P come to India twice, once is 1921 and again
in 1937 to attend the first all-India Jamboree in Delhi and to attend in third separate
organization. After going back he attended world Jamboree in Holland. This was the last
Jamboree.

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The ends come suddenly on the 8th January 1941. He was buried in Nyeri amidst nature's most
beautiful vistus with his head to the North to the snow copped mountains of Kenya which he
loved so much.

Our Fundamentals

• Definition:
The Bharat Scouts & Guides is a voluntary, non-political, educational movement for young
people, open to all without distinction of origin, race or creed ,in accordance with the purpose,
principles and methods conceived by the Founder Lord Baden Powell in 1907.

• Purpose:
The purpose of the Movement is to contribute to the development of young people in achieving
their full physical, intellectual, emotional, social and spiritual potentials as individuals, as
responsible citizens and as members of local, national and international communities.
• Principles:
The Scout /Guide Movement is based on the Following Principles.
•
• DUTY TO GOD:
Adherence to spiritual principle, loyalty to the religion that expresses the acceptance of
the duties resulting there from.
• DUTY TO OTHERS:
Loyalty to one's country in harmony of local and international peace, understanding, co-
operation.
Participation in the development of society with recognition and respect for dignity of
one's fellowmen and for the integrity of the natural world.
• DUTY TO SELF:
Responsibility for the development of one’s self.

• The Method: The Scout /Guide Method is a system of progressive self-education through:-
- A Promise and Law
- Learning by doing.
- Membership of small groups under adult leadership involving progressive discovery and
acceptance of responsibility and training towards self -government directed towards the
development of character, and the acquisition of competence, self-reliance, dependability and
capacities to co-operate and to lead.
- Progressive and stimulating programs of various activities based on the interest of the
participants including games, useful skills and services to the community taking place largely in
an outdoor setting in contact with nature.

Influences

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 Important elements of traditional Scouting have their origins in Baden-Powell's experiences in
education and military training. He was a 50-year-old retired army general when he founded
Scouting, and his revolutionary ideas inspired thousands of young people, from all parts of
society, to get involved in activities that most had never contemplated. Comparable organizations
in the English-speaking world are the Boys' Brigade and the non-militaristic Woodcraft Folk;
however, they never matched the development and growth of Scouting.

Aspects of Scouting practice have been criticized as too militaristic. Military-style uniforms,
badges of rank, flag ceremonies, and brass bands were commonly accepted in the early years
because they were a part of normal society, but since then have diminished or been abandoned in
both Scouting and society.

Local influences have also been a strong part of Scouting. By adopting and modifying local
ideologies, Scouting has been able to find acceptance in a wide variety of cultures. In the United
States, Scouting uses images drawn from the U.S. frontier experience. This includes not only its
selection of animal badges for Cub Scouts, but the underlying assumption that American native
peoples are more closely connected with nature and therefore have special wilderness survival
skills which can be used as part of the training program. By contrast, British Scouting makes use
of imagery drawn from the Indian subcontinent, because that region was a significant focus in
the early years of Scouting. Baden-Powell's personal experiences in India led him to adopt
Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book as a major influence for the Cub Scouts; for example, the
name used for the Cub Scout leader, Akela (whose name was also appropriated for the Webelos),
is that of the leader of the wolf pack in the book.

The name "Scouting" seems to have been inspired by the important and romantic role played by
military scouts performing reconnaissance in the wars of the time. In fact, Baden-Powell wrote
his original military training book, Aids To Scouting, because he saw the need for the improved
training of British military-enlisted scouts, particularly in initiative, self-reliance, and
observational skills. The book's popularity with young boys surprised him. As he adapted the
book as Scouting for Boys, it seems natural that the movement adopted the names Scouting and
Boy Scouts.

"Duty to God" is a principle of Scouting, though it is applied differently in various countries.

The Boy Scouts of America (BSA) take a strong position, excluding atheists. The Scout
Association in the United Kingdom permits variations to its Promise, in order to accommodate
different religious obligations. While for example in the predominantly atheist Czech Republic
the Scout oath doesn't mention God altogether with the organization being strictly irreligious, in
2014, United Kingdom Scouts were given the choice of being able to make a variation of the
Promise that replaced "duty to God" with "uphold our Scout values", Scouts Canada defines
Duty to God broadly in terms of "adherence to spiritual principles" and leaves it to the individual
member or leader whether they can follow a Scout Promise that includes Duty to God.
Worldwide around one in three Scouts are Muslim.

2. Scout Promise and Law

SCOUT PROMISE
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On my honor, I promise that I will do my best

To do my duty to God* and my country.

To help other people and

To obey the scout law.

• The word ‘Dharma’ may be substituted for the word ‘God’ , if so desired.

SCOUT LAW

The Law for the Scout and Guide is:

o A Scout /Guide is trustworthy.

o A Scout /Guide is loyal.
o A Scout / Guide is Friend to all and brother/Sister to every other Scout/Guide.
o A Scout / Guide is courteous.
o A Scout / Guide is friend to animals and loves nature.
o A Scout / Guide is disciplined and helps protect public property.
o A Scout / Guide is courageous.
o A Scout / Guide is thrifty.
o A Scout / Guide is pure in thought, word and deed.
o

3. Scout motto, sign salute and left hand shake

SCOUT MOTTO

“ Be prepared “

This has to be achieved by being

Physically strong, Mentally Awake and Morally straight.

SCOUT SIGN

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The Scout sign is given by raising the right hand in level
with the shoulder palm to the front with three fingers
stretched together and the thumb closing on the little finger.
The Scout sign identifies you as a Scout anywhere in the
world. Use it whenever you give the Scout Oath or Scout
Law.
The three upraised fingers stand for the three parts of the
Scout Oath. The thumb and little finger together stand for
the bond between all Scouts.

SCOUT SALUTE

The three-finger salute is used by members of Scout and Guide organizations around the world
when greeting other Scouts and in respect of a national flag at ceremonies. In most situations, the
salute is made with the palm face out, the thumb holding down the little finger, and with the
fingertips on the brow of the head.

Meaning of the three fingers

In his book, Scouting for Boys, Robert Baden-Powell chose the three-
finger salute for Scouts to represent the three aspects of the Scout
Promise:

1. Honor God and the King

2. Help Others

3. Obey the Scout Law

It is always done with the right hand. It is the privilege of the one who sees first to salute first -
Irrespective of rank.

LEFT HAND SHAKE

"The Bravest of the Braves"

Our Founder conceived left hand shake as a form of greeting for the
members of the movement. The idea originated from an incident in his
military career in South Africa.
When Colonel Baden Powell entered the capital city of the Ashanti
people in 1896 he was met by one of the chiefs named prempeh who
came to him holding out his left hand. B.P held out his right in return
but the chief said: NO, in my country the bravest of the brave shake
with the left hand. So began the left handshake of the world wide brotherhood of scouts.

4. Good Turn Every day

GOOD TURN DIARY

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 GOOD TURN SIGNATURE OF THE
S.NO DATE TO WHOM
DONE BENEFICIARY

01

02

30

SIGNATURE OF THE SCOUT/ GUIDE : ……………………………

SIGNATURE OF THE SCOUTMASTER: …………...……………….

5. Uniform: - A Scout shall wear uniform as follows:

i) Shirt: A steel grey color shirt with two pockets with shoulder straps with Half or rolled up
sleeves, Sleeves may be turned down in cold weather.

(ii) Shorts or Trousers : Navy blue shorts or trousers shall be qorn. But at the time of Rashtrapati
Scout Testing camp and Rashtrapati Award Rally – Trousers are compulsory. Trousers shall
neither be loose fitting nor tight fitting and shall have two side pockets and one back pocket.

(iii) Head dress: A dark blue beret cap with the official badge. A Sikh may wear a blue turban
with the official cap badge.

(iv) Belt : Grey Nylex belt with official buckle of the B.S. & G.

(v) Scarf: A triangular scarf of the group color other than yellow, green and purple approved by
the local or District Association with the two sides not less than 70 cm and not more than 80 cm
in length.

(vi) Shoulder badge: A shoulder Badge of 6 to 8 cm in length and 1.5 cm in width with white
background and name of the group in red letters shall be worn on both the shoulders
immediately below the seam with a little curve.

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(vii) Shoulder strips: Two shoulder stripes indicating the name of the patrol each 5 cm x 1.5 cm.
Each 2 cm apart on a square shape steel grey cloth. This patch shall be worn at the top of the left
sleeve immediately below the
shoulder badge

(viii) Membership badge: A cloth

badge with green background and
the Fleur-de-lis in yellow
superimposed by the trefoil with
Ashoka Chakra in yellow in the
center shall be worn on the middle
of the left pocket or at the same
place on Jersey/Coat.

(ix) Stockings or socks: Black socks

or Stockings may be worn,
Stockings should be rolled down
below the knees with with green
garter tabs 1.5 cms visible outside.
Stockings will be worn with shorts
only.

(x) World scout badge: World

Scout badge should be worn in the
centre of the pleat of the right
pocket of the Shirt.

(xi) Footwear: black shoes (leather

or canvas) with laces may be worn

xii) Over Coat, Blazer or Jacket : A

navy blue overcoat or nay blue
Blazer or navy blue wind cheater
may be worn in the winter season
only.

xiii) Metal Badge: In mufti, a

metal badge of the Bharat Scouts & Guides may be worn.

xiv) Lanyard : Grey lanyard worn round the neck with a whistle tucked in the left pocket of the
shirt. Knotting rope of 3 mtrs. Of standard size shall be worn in the Uniform.

xv) A Haversack or Rucksack may be carried during out door activities.

xvi) The name stripe containing “The Bharat Scouts & Guides” supplied by National
Headquarters may be worn on just above the right pocket of the shirt. The sixe of the stripe shold
be 11cm x 2cm, the right corner of which should be tri colour of Nataional Flageof the size of
3cm x 2cm and rest for the Title of the Bharat Scout & Guides.

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6. Composition and significance of the National flag, Bharat scouts and guides Flag and world
scout flag.

NATIONAL FLAG

THE NATIONAL FLAG OF INDIA is in tricolour (

TIRANGA) of deep saffron (Kesari) at the top, white
in the middle and dark green at the bottom in equal
proportions.

The Indian flag is a horizontal tricolour in equal

proportion of deep saffron on the top, white in the
middle and dark green at the bottom. The ratio of the
width to the length of the flag is two is to three. In the
centre of the white band, there is a wheel in navy blue
to indicate the Dharma Chakra, the wheel of law in the Sarnath Lion Capital. This center symbol
or the ‘CHAKRA’, is a Buddhist symbol dating back to 200th century BC.

Its diameter approximates the width of the white band and it has 24 spokes, which intends to
show that there is life in movement and death in stagnation. The saffron stands for courage,
sacrifice and the spirit of renunciation; the white, for purity and truth; the green for faith and
fertility. The design of the National Flag of India was adopted by India’s constituent assembly on
22nd july, 1947. It’s use and display are regulated by a code. The flag symbolizes freedom. The
late Prime Minister Pandit Nehru called it a flag not only of freedom for ourselves, but a symbol
of freedom for all people.

THE BHARAT SCOUT AND GUIDES FLAG

The Bharat Scouts and Guides Flag shall be in dark blue color, the
emblem in yellow colour shall be in the center of the flag with
Ashoka Chakra in blue color. The size of the flag shall be 180 cms.
In length and 120 cms. in width, the emblem will be 45 cms by 39
cms. The size of the Group Flag, which is the same as above, shall
be 180 cms X 120 cms. with proportionate emblem. The name of
the group shall be written in a yellow color below the emblem in
straight line. The Fleur-de-lis the International emblem of Scouting
and Ashoka Chakra is meant to emphasize the all-India character of the Movement. The super
imposed trefoil represents the guide wing of the B.S.&G.

WORLD SCOUTS FLAG

The flag is actually royal purple with the white fleur-de-lis

and rope is the flag for the World Organization of Scouting
Movements (WOSM), headquartered in Switzerland. The
flag represents all member organizations of the WOSM in a
like manner as the United Nations flag represents all
member nations of the UN.

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The flag is taken from the fleur-de-lis, or lily of the flower, which as the previous poster wrote, is
found as part of the Scout emblem of every other nations’ Scouting organizations. It is also
found frequently on compasses and pointing devices and points in the true direction, as Scouts
should also be moving positively toward.

The two stars on the flag allude to truth and knowledge, the two most important elements found
in the creeds, promises and oaths of all member organizations. They also remind us of the stars
in the sky and the outdoor element of Scouting.

The rope encircles the fleur-de-lis and a reminder of the true brotherhood of all WOSM
members. The rope is tied at the bottom in the reef knot (we Americans call it the square knot),
which is the most useful of all rope knots if tied properly and reminds all of our obligations to be
of service to one another as well as to be useful.

7. National anthem

The Indian national anthem, composed by Rabindranath Tagore, it was first sung at Calcutta
session of Indian national congress on 27th December 1911. jana gana mana was officially
adopted by the constituent. Assembly as the Indian national anthem on January 24th, 1950.
Duration: 52 sec

Jana gana mana adhinayaka, jayahe

Bharata bhagya vidhata
Punjab sindhu Gujarata maratha
Dravida utkala ganga
Vindhya himachala Yamuna ganga
Uchala jaladhi taranga
Tava shubha name jage
Tava shubha ashisha maage
Gahe tava jaya gatha
Jana gana mangala dayaka jaya he
Bharata bhagya vidhata
Jaya he, jaya he, jaya he
Jaya jaya , jaya, jaya he!

PRAYER SONG

Written by : veer deva veer LT/s former soc, Haryana, one of the freedom fighter.
Duration : 90 sec

Daya kar dan bhakti ka,

Hamein paramatma dena
Daya karna hamari
Atma mein shuddhata dena.
Hamare dhyan mein aao
Prabhu ankhon mein bas jao
Andhere dil mein aakar ke
Param jyoti jaga dena

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 Baha do prem ki ganga
Dilo me prem ka sagar
Hamen aapas me miljulkar
Prabhu rehana sikha dena
Hamara karam ho seva
Hamara dharam ho seva
Sada imaan ho seva
Wo sevak char bana dena
Vatan ke vaste jeena,
Vatan ke vaste marna
Vatan par jaan fida karna
Prabhu hum ko sikha dena
Daya kar dan bhakti ka,
Hamein paramatma dena
Daya karna hamari
Atma mein shuddhata dena.

FLAG SONG
Written by : Sri Dayashankar bhat Duration : 45 sec.

Bharat Scout Guide Jhanda Uncha Sada Rahega

Uncha Sada Rahega Jhanda Uncha Sada Rahega
Neela Rang Gagan Ka Visrit Bhatru Bhav Phailata
Tridal Kamal Nit Teen Pratignaon Ki Yaad Dilata
Aur Chakra Kehta Hai Pratiphal Age Kadam Badega
Uncha Sada Rahega Jhanda Uncha Sada Rahega
Bharat Scout Guide Jhanda Uncha Sada Rahega

8. Troop Meeting :

How to run a good Troop Meeting

The weekly meeting is the glue that holds a Scout troop together. Well-planned meetings
run by the troop's youth leaders can be full of excitement and satisfaction. Meeting time devoted to
learning new skills and organizing future campouts, service projects, and other activities will help keep
interest levels and enthusiasm high.

Troop meetings serve many purposes, including these:

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 • Motivating Scouts. From Scouts' points of view, troop meetings are chances for them to get
together with their friends for fun and adventure. For Scoutmasters, meetings offer many
avenues to encourage Scouts to learn, to advance, and to improve themselves.
• Strengthening patrols. Patrols have opportunities at troop meetings to meet together, to learn
as a team, and to share what they know. Whether they serve as the honor gurard during an
opening flag ceremony, as the presenters of a Scouting skill, or as the organizers of a game or
activity, every patrol can contribute to every troop meeting.
• Learning and practicing Scouting skills. A portion of a troop meeting may be devoted to the
demonstration and practice of skills that will enhance Scouts' ability to hike and camp, and to
pass requirements for higher ranks.
• Exercising leadership. The troop's youth leaders take leading roles in planning, conducting, and
assisting the success of troop meetings. Leadership is a skill that can be learned only by
experience, and troop meetings serve as regular occasions for that to happen.
• Promoting Scout spirit. Troop meeings offer ideal settings for patrols to take part in contests
and competitions that test their expertise and their abilites to cooperate with one another.

Most troops have a troop meeting or activity every week. Meetings should occur at the same time every
week to help boys and their families schedule effectively. If a troop has camped all weekend, the patrol
leaders' council may decide to forego the meeting the following week. Most troop meetings occur on
week-nights and should not last longer that 90- minutes to get boys home in time for homework and
adequate rest. Troop meetings should not always be held at the same place. For example, now and then
a troop may meet at a fire station or police headerquarters so the membes can learn about how their
town is protected on a sumer evening, they might gather at a local pool to pass some of the swimiming
requirements for a rank or merit badege.

Weekly troop meetings should be fun and full of action and excitement. They can be opportunites to
learn new skills and plan future activities and service projects. Aside for the Scoutmaster's Minute, the
content and conduct of each section of a troop meeting is the responsibility of the Scouts themselves.

Planning a Troop Meeting

Responsibility for the conduct and content of a troop meeting falls to the scouts themselves. Troop
meetings are planned well in advance by the senior patrol leader and the patrol leaders' council.

Each troop meeting should have been planned the previous month at the meeting of the patrol leaders'
council. The senior patrol leader will have assigned patrols and individuals to take care of portions of a
meeting, giving as many Scouts as possible the chance to contribute. The seven-part troop meeting plan
provides the framework for efficient, well-run meetings.

The Seven Parts of a Troop meeting

The seven-part plan for troop meetins is an important guide, but use flexibly. The times noted in the
plan are suggestions only and can vary to fit various situatations. For example, the troop may be getting
ready for a campout. The usual amount of time set aside for patrol meeings might be expanded to allow
Scouts time to complete their patrol camping preparations. A troop nearing the date of a district
camporee may devote extra time to skills instructions so that everyone will be ready for activities

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involving the theme of the camporee, and the interpatrol activity can include an extended competition
that also focuses on the key skills.

When the minutes alloted to one part of the troop meeting plan increase, consider shortening other
portions of the plan. Every troop meting should be interesting and useful, and it should begin and end
on time.

1.The Preopening

As Scouts begin to arrive for a troop meeting, a patrol leader or an older Scout assigned by the senior
patrol leader should get them involved in a preopening game or project designed so that additional
Scouts can join as they show up. The preopening is often well-suited for the outdoors. Those in charge
of the preopening activity should be ready to start about 15 minutes before the scheduled beginning of
the meeting. Varying the activities from week to week will keep the preopening fresh.

Scouts whose patrol has been assigned to serve that week as the service patrol should use the
preopening time to prepare for the troop meeting. The meeting room may need to be rearranged, chairs
set up, flags displayed, and other preparations completed before the meeting can begin.

2. The Opening (5 minutes)

Call the meeting to order on time, instructing Scouts to line up in formation by patrol. The patrol
responsible for the opening ceremony may conduct a flag ceremony and then lead the troop members
in the Scout Oath and Law and the Pledge of Allegiance.

3.Skills Instruction (15 to 20 minutes)

This portion of the meeting is devoted to the mastery of knowledge that Scouts need to participate fully
in an upcoming activity, or upon skills they must learn to complete advancement requirements.

The skills to be taught at each meeting will have been determined in advance by the patrol leader's
council. Often the skills will relate directly to the month's program plan for troop activities. Instruction
should be hands-on learning rather than lecturing. All skill instruction should follow a simple process
called the Teaching EDGE. First the skill is explained, then demonstrated. Then the learner is guided as
he tries the skill. Enabling, the last E in EDGE, means creating an environment for the trainee to continue
to be successful (like providing an opportunity to practice and use the skill).

Those who may be effective in teaching skills are the troop guide, instructors, junior assistant
Scoutmasters, assistant Scoutmasters, and members of the troop committee. Older Scouts and
members of the Venture patrol also can be effective instructors, though at most meetings they will be
involved in their own activities.

Whenever possible, troop skills instructions should be divided into three levels:

• Basic Scouting skills instruction for the new Scouts

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 • Advanced instruction for the experienced Scouts
• Expert instruction for the Venture patrol

Each instructional area should be separated from the others so there are no distractions.

4.Patrol Meetings (5 to 20 minutes)

End skills instruction on time and ask patrols to go their patrol areas for their patrol meeting. Patrol
leaders will take charge of the patrols.

Matters to be dealt with during a patrol meeting include taking attendance, collecting dues, planning
the patrol's involvement in upcoming troop activities, selecting menus for hikes and campouts, assigning
patrol members to specific tasks, and working out any other details for the smooth operation of the
patrol.

Circulate among the patrol meetings and be ready to serve as a resource if a patrol leader asks for your
assistance. If you notice that patrols have completed their work, call the patrols back together and move
on to the next part of the troop meeting.

5.Interpatrol Activity (15 to 20 minutes)

You or someone appointed by you can lead this opportunity for the patrols to interact with one another
in a competive or cooperative effort. The activity might be a game that will test the skills the Scouts are
learning for an upcoming activity like pitching tents or tying knots, for example. Troop Program Resoures
has a wealth of games that foster friendly teamwork and competition,. The BSA manual Project COPE,
No. 34371, also contains many appropriate games and challenges.

6.Closing - Scoutmaster's Minute (5 minutes)

The closing of a meeting is the Scoutmaster's opportunity to step forward. Ask everyone to sit quietly,
then turn the meeting over to the Scoutmaster for reminders and announcements about upcoming
events, and support of the patrols for their achievements and progress.

The highlight of the closing will be the Scoutmaster's Minute, a brief message built on one of Scouting's
values. As the concluding thought of a troop meeting, the Scoutmaster Minute is a message each person
can carry home.

7.The "After the Meeting" Meeting (5 minutes)

Ask members of the patrol leaders' council to stay a few moments after the closing to discuss with you
and the Scoutmaster the quality of the just-concluded meeting. Offer praise for portions of the meeting
that went well, and talk about ways that future troop meetings can be improved. Make a few written
notes so that suggestions can be explored more fully at the next patrol leader's council meeting.

Here are some questions to ask:

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 • What should we start doing that would make the meeting better?
• What should we stop doing that didn't work for us or got in the way?
• What should we continue doing that worked well for us? This is an important question because
it helps us identify our strengths.

Finally, review the troop meeting plan for the next meeting and make sure that everyone who will have
a role is aware of the assignment and is prepared to do a good job.

While the patrol leader's council is reviewing the meeting, the service patrol can put away troop gear
and return the meeting room to order.

Troop Meeting Plan : Date:

ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION RUN BY TIME

Pre opening
The Opening
ceremony
Skills Instruction
Patrol Meetings
Inter Patrol Activity
Closing S.M.
After the Meeting

9. Scouting is Outing
Scouting is outing but Scouting is not just an outing club or another activity.

Scouting is aimed at “preparing young people to make ethical and moral choices over their
lifetimes by instilling in them the values of the Scout Oath and Law”. We do this by applying
the methods of Scouting.

Frankly all this would be a whole lot easier if we were just an outing club. Adults can plan an
outing and make the reservations in a half an hour – piece of cake. We can lead, instruct and do
pretty darn good at it.

Adults can certainly do it more thoroughly and efficiently than that most barometric and
unpredictable of creatures – the Scout-aged boy.

But if we do we aren’t Scouting anymore – we’re just running another activity.

Scouting places all of this responsibility squarely in the hands of inexperienced, sometimes
unreliable Scouts and gets us to stand back and watch what happens.

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 PRATHAMA SOPAN
INDEX
PAGE
S.NO. TOPIC
NO.
1 LOOKING AFTER YOURSELF:
a) Be able to tell correctly “your duties at home”.
b) Be able to make your bed.
c) Know the health rules regarding personal cleanliness
d) Learn B.P. six exercises and practice Yoga / Asana / Surya
Namashkar.
e) Stitch a button
f) Clean / Polish canvas / leather shoes.
g) Make a personal first aid kit and know its contents
2 DISCIPLINE:
a) learn about your Patrol, its Flag, Yell, Song, Cry, Patrol Corner,
Patrol Call and participate in Patrol in Council
b) learn & Practice Hand & Whistle Signals.
c) Foot Drill : Savdhan, Vishram, Aramse, Dahiney, Bayen &
Pichey Mud.
d) Participate in a Troop & Patrol game.
3 ROPE WORK:
a) Whip the end of a rope
b) Tie & demonstrate the use of the following knots : Reef knot,
sheet bend, clove hitch, bowline, sheep shank, fisherman knot,
round turn & two half hitches
c) Tie and demonstrate Sheer Lashing Mark I and Mark II
d) Make a gadget or handicraft useful at home.
4 SERVICE :
a) Undertake a Troop Service Project
b) Golden rules of First Aid
c) Deal with simple Cuts, Burns & Bleeding from the nose.
d) Undertake household responsibilities like cooking, water storage,
hospitality, cleanliness etc with the help of parents for a week
e) Participate in the following activities
i) Discuss with S.M. and render some service involving any of
the points of Scout law
ii) Undertake a nature study project. (or) Visit a village
panchayat samiti/ block development/ Municipality / municipal
corporation office and learn about the service.
5 COMMUNICATION:
Be able to use PCO & Mobile Phone and be acquainted with some of
the facilities available on it
6 OUT OF DOORS:
a) Know the simple wood craft signs
b) Know and practice Road Safety Rules for Pedestrians.
c) Participate in a Nature Study Trail

17
 1. LOOKING AFTER YOURSELF:
Duties at Home:

1. Participates (imperfectly) in household tasks as interested, usually not yet completing

the task. May attempt to sweep, mop, wipe table, set table, vacuum, etc.
2. Participates more and more in dressing self
3. Washing clothes.
4. Feeds himself independently
5. Pick up toys as finished and put in proper place
6. Put books and magazines in a rack.
7. Sweep the floor or sidewalk with a small broom, use dustpan with help.
8. Clean up what they drop after eating. Clean up spills.
9. Clear dish from the table, scrapes leftovers, loads dishwasher, helps wash dishes.
10. Independently uses the bathroom, washes hands, brushes teeth and hair.
11. Help with grocery list and shopping.
12. Assists with work in yard and garden.
13. Tell parent his whereabouts before going out to play.
14. Wash and polish vehicles at home.
15. Help with meal planning and grocery shopping.
16. Participates in simple food preparation, such as slicing soft foods, peeling, and
spreading. Prepare food and learn simple recipes.
17. Make own bed and straighten room.
18. Choose clothing the night before, dresses self.
19. Polish shoes and clean up after.
20. Attends to personal hygiene.
21. Fold clothes and puts them away.
22. Answer the phone properly.
23. Feed pets and clean their living area.
24. Care for own belongings.
25. Earn money for special jobs, perhaps receive an allowance.
26. Beginning money management: saving, giving, spending.
27. Increasing thoughtfulness toward others, appropriate manners.
28. Participate in family budgeting.
29. Help with home repair and maintenance.
30. Maintain respectful family relationships.
31. Take on greater responsibility for his life and choices, gaining independence while
maintaining safety and communication with parents.

18
Making Your Bed

1. Clear the bed.

2. Put the fitted sheet on.
3. Put the top sheet on.
4. tuck the end of the top sheet between the mattress and box springs at the foot of the bed.
5. Place the duvet or comforter on top.
6. Fold the top sheet and duvet down.
7. Fluff the pillows.
8. Add the finishing touches.

Health rules regarding personal cleanliness:

• washing the body often. If possible, everybody should have a shower or a bath every day.
However, there may be times when this is not possible, for example, when people are out
camping or there is a shortage of water
• If this happens, a swim or a wash all over the body with a wet sponge or cloth will do
• cleaning the teeth at least once a day. Brushing the teeth after each meal is the best way of
making sure that gum disease and tooth decay are avoided. It is very important to clean teeth
after breakfast and immediately before going to bed
• washing the hair with soap or shampoo at least once a week
• washing hands with soap after going to the toilet
• washing hands with soap before preparing and/or eating food. During normal daily activities,
such as working and playing, disease causing germs may get onto the hands and under the nails.
If the germs are not washed off before preparing food or eating, they may get onto the food
• changing into clean clothes. Dirty clothes should be washed with laundry soap before wearing
them again
• hanging clothes in the sun to dry. The sun's rays will kill some disease-causing germs and
parasites
• turning away from other people and covering the nose and mouth with a tissue or the hand
when coughing or sneezing. If this is not done, droplets of liquid containing germs from the nose
and mouth will be spread in the air and other people can breathe them in, or the droplets can
get onto food
• Clip your fingernails and toenails regularly.
• Don't share razors, towels, or makeup with other people.

19
B.P. SIX EXERCISES:

I EXERCISE

For the Head: Rub the head and face, firmly over several times with the palms and fingers
of both hands. Thumb the muscles of the neck and throat.

Repeat 12 times

II EXERCISE

For the Chest: From upright position bend to the front, arms stretched downwards, with
back of the hands together in front of the knees. Breathe out. Raise the hand gradually over
the head and lean back as far as possible, drawing a deep breath through the nose as you
do. Lower the arms gradually to the sides, breathing out the word “Thanks” through the
mouth. Lastly, bend forward again, breathing out the last bit of breath in you, and saying the
number of times you have done it in order to keep count. Repeat 12 times

III EXERCISE

20
For the Stomach: Standing upright, send out both arms, fingers extended, straight to the
front, then slowly swing round to the right from the hips without moving the feet, and point
the right arms as far round behind you as you can, keeping both arms level with, or a little
higher than, the shoulders. Then, after a pause, swing slowly round as far as you can to the
left. Breathe in when pointing to the left. “Body twisting”.

Breathe out when pointing to the right. Repeat six times, change the breathing to the other
side and repeat six times. Repeat 12 times

IV EXERCISE

For the Trunk: This is also called the “Cone Exercise”. Standing at “Attention” position,
raise both hands, as high as possible over the head, and link fingers. Lean backwards, and
then sway the arms very slowly round in the direction of a cone, so that the hands make a
wide circle above and around the body, the body turning from the hips, and leaning over
one side. Then to the front, then to the other side, and then back.

After completing the circle, start in the opposite direction. Repeat six times both ways.
Breathe in when leaning backward and breathe out when leaning forward.

Repeat 12 times

V EXERCISE

For Lower Body and Back of Legs: Stand with feet slightly apart, touch your head with
both hands and look up into the sky, leaning back as far as you can, and then bend forward
and downward till your fingers touch your toes, without bending your knees.

Repeat 12 times.

VI EXERCISE

For Legs, Feet and Toes: Stand in ‘Attention’ position, put the hands on the hips, stand on
tip-toe, turn the knees outwards, and bend them slowly down to a squatting position,
keeping the heels off the ground the whole time. Then gradually raise the body and come to
the first position again.

Repeat this 12 times. Breathe in as body rises and breathe out as the body sinks.

Stitch a button:
Pull the thread all the way through until the knot snugs against the underside of the fabric.
Use a fingertip to keep the button in its place. Turn the needle around and push it back
down through the hole opposite the one you came up from. Push it all the way through and
tug the thread tight.

21
Clean / Polish Shoes:

There are a lot of opinions when it comes to the best way to shine a shoe. Everyone has their
own unique twist from using spit to using a lighter to burn the top coat of polish (cool, although
potentially dangerous). The process below is a simple one that I have used for many years and it
has worked fine for me and many of my military peers.

Step 1: Find an old towel or newspaper to spread over the area you will be working on. Shoe
polish has an uncanny ability to get smeared everywhere even when you’re being extremely
careful…and it’s really hard to get out of carpet.

Step 2: Clean the dust and dirt off your boots with a horsehair shine brush or damp rag. If you
must get your boots a little wet to clean them off, allow them time to dry before applying the
polish.

Step 3: Cover the entire shoe with a generous amount of polish, using your shoe polish brush.
The polish I’m using is black Kiwi Shoe Polish, but be sure to match the color of the polish to
your shoe as closely as possible. Make sure you get down in the seams of the shoe and attempt to
cover evenly with polish. Allow 15 minutes for the polish to dry.

Step 4: Brush the entire shoe vigorously using the horsehair shine brush. The point of this is to
basically brush off all the excess polish, leaving only a small film on the outside of the shoe.

Step 5: Once you feel comfortable that the entire shoe has been covered and brushed it is time to
focus on the toe and heel for extra shine. Dip a cotton ball or pad into some water and squeeze
out any excess moisture so it is damp, not dripping. Then get a little polish on the damp cotton.
Next apply the polish on the toe and heel of the shoe using small circular motions. Sit back, this
is going to take a while.

Step 6: Repeat Step 5 until you are satisfied with the level of shine. Remember to use a new
piece of cotton each time and to remove all excess polish before applying a new coating. Also,
the initial shine is the hardest, it should get a bit easier each time you do it. These boots were
fairly new and this was my first time giving them a good shine. From start to finish, it took me
approximately 45 minutes to get them to the state shown below. Most of this was spent with the
cotton pads shining the toe and heel. If I were to come back in a couple weeks it would take me
half the time to do the same job.

First Aid Kit Contents List

The first aid kit contents should consist of all the basic essentials needed to treat an injury.
Prepare a first aid kit contents list and cross check it with a medical practitioner. Visit the local
drug store and buy proper quantity of requirements according to the first aid kit contents list. The
following first aid kits contents should be present in your kit.

• Bar of soap
• 2-inch roller bandage
• 1-inch roller bandage
• 1-inch adhesive
22
 • 3-by-3-inch sterile pads
• Triangular bandage
• Assorted gauze pads
• Adhesive strips
• Oral thermometer
• Scissors
• Tweezers
• Sunburn lotion
• Lip salve
• Poison-ivy lotion
• Small flashlight (with extra batteries and bulb)
• Absorbent cotton
• Iodine tablets
• Safety pins
• Needles
• Paper cups
• Foot powder
• Instant ice packs
• Insect repellent
• Insect sting swabs
• Matches
• Oil of Cloves
• Hot-water bottle
• Alcohol wipes
• Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen
• Gloves
• 1 blanket (space blanket)
• 1 blanket (space blanket)
• Antibiotic Cream
• Antiseptic solution (like hydrogen peroxide)
• Antiseptic solution (like hydrogen peroxide)
• First aid instruction booklet
• List of emergency phone numbers

The main aim of first aid can be summarised in three key points:

• Preserve life – the overriding aim of all medical care, including first aid, is to save lives
• Prevent further harm – also sometimes called prevent the condition from worsening, this
covers both external factors, such as moving a patient away from any cause of harm, and
applying first aid techniques to prevent worsening of the condition, such as applying pressure to
stop a bleed becoming dangerous.
• Promote recovery – first aid also involves trying to start the recovery process from the illness or
injury, and in some cases might involve completing a treatment,
such as in the case of applying a plaster to a small wound

2. DISCIPLINE:

23
PATROL

It is a method of training in leadership and in discipline by which scouts are put into permanent
teams under their own leaders. It is a system of learning by do9ing and it can show concrete
principles working in practice. Each patrol shall bear the name of a flower chosen in
consultation with the patrol in council and every member of the patrol shall wear the emblem of
the patrol on the uniform.

PATROL FLAG

Each patrol has a flag that display the emblem of the patrol. The patrol flag is the trianglular
shape, white in colour with emblem in red colour. The length of the base is 20 cm and sides 30
cm each. The best type of flag is the one which has been designed and made by the patrol it self.

PATROL SONG

Make up a short catching song with your patrol. It will not only adjust to your patrol activities,
. buy bring all of you closer still and increase the patrol spirit.

PATROL CORNER

Generally patrol corner means two things one is the time given to patrol activities during the
company meetings. The other one means the physical place that is located to the patrol in the
meeting place.

PATROL CALL

Every Scout Patrol has its own distinctive Patrol call. If your Patrol has picked the name of an
animal or bird, your call, naturally, is the call or cry of that animal or bird.

If you have picked some other kind of a name, you’ll need to choose an animal or bird call to go
with it. Indians usually had such tribal calls, and many explorers use them.

The Patrol call is given by the Patrol Leader to get the gang together. Besides, it is used by a
member of the Patrol to let the others know where he is without telling the rest of the world.

If you’re a member of the Owl Patrol, for example, you’ll make the hoot of the owl in such a
lifelike manner that the ordinary person will think it comes from a real owl-while your boys, on
the other hand, will recognize the hoot as the Patrol call and will know where to look for you.

Get someone who is good at imitating animal and bird calls to teach the call to your whole
Patrol- whether the grunt of a bear, the clap of a beaver’s tail, the bellow of a bison, the scream
of eagle or hawk, the bark of a fox, the caw of a raven, or whatever it is.

As soon as a new boy joins the Patrol, get him to learn the call as quickly as possible.

24
It is a rule in Scouting that a Scout makes his own call only and never uses the call of another
Patrol for any purpose whatever.

PATROL YELL
Did you ever attend a college football game? If you did, you’ll remember the way the college
boys cheered their teams with thundering yells. Did you see what effect that cheering had on the
players? It made them want to do their best for their Alma Mater.

The same kind of cheering works in a Patrol. A good yell puts pep into the gang and builds team
spirit. So make up your own and practice it until the fellows put everything they’ve got into it.

Patrol-in-council

When a Patrol gets together to discuss and take decisions (what they want to do, how much to be
paid as subs should be, where they would like to camp, etc) it is called a Patrol-in-Council.

There shall be a Patrol-in-Council for every Patrol. The Patrol-in-Council shall consist of all
members of the Patrol. Patrol Leader shall be the Chairman. The Patrol-in-Council shall deal
with all affairs of the Patrol.

Court-of-Honor

There shall be a Court-of-Honor for every Troop. The Court-of-Honor shall consist of Troop
Leader, Asst. Troop Leader and Patrol Leader; Seconds may be admitted as members of the
Court-of-Honor except when matters of discipline are dealt with. Troop Leader, Asst. Troop
Leader or one of the Patrol Leaders elected shall function as the Chairman and one of the
members elected shall function as Secretary. The Court-of-Honor shall plan the activities and
deal with internal matters of the Troop and also matters of finance and discipline. The
Scoutmaster and Assistant Scoutmaster shall act as advisers.

Whistle Signals

When a Scoutmaster wants to call the Troop together he whistles “The Scout Call”, or uses a
special Troop call.

Patrol Leaders thereupon call together their Patrols by giving their Patrol call. Then they take
their Patrol “at the double” to the Scoutmaster.

Here are some whistle signals for Scout wide games.

1. _ One long blast means “Silence”, “Alert”; “Look out for my next signal”.
2. _ _ _ A succession of long, slow blasts means “Go out”, “Get farther away”, or “Advance”,
“Extend,” “Scatter”.
3. ooooo A succession of short, sharp blasts means “Rally”, “Close in”,”Come together”, “Fall in”.
25
 4. o_o_ A succession of short and long blasts alternately means “Alarm”,”Look out”, “Be ready”,
“Man your alarm posts”.
5. ooo_ Three short blasts followed by one long one from the Scoutmaster calls up the Patrol
Leaders-i.e., “Leaders come here”.

Any signal must be instantly obeyed at the double as fast as you can run-no matter what other job
you may be doing at the time.

Hand Signals

Hand Signals-which can also be made by Patrol Leaders with their Patrol flags when necessary.

Hand waved several times across the face from side to side, or flag waved horizontally from side
to side opposite the face means “No”, “Never mind”, “As you were”.

Hand or flag held high, and waved very slowly from side to side, at full extent of arm means
“Extend”, “Go farther out”, “Scatter”.

Hand or flag held high, and waved quickly from side to side at full extent of arm means “Close
in”, “Rally”, “Come here”.

Hand or flag pointing in any direction, means “Go in that direction”.

Clenched hand or flag jumped rapidly up and down several times means “Run”.

Hand or flag held straight up over head, means “Stop”, “Halt”.

Foot Drill:

Savdhan:
Vishram :
Aramse :
Dahiney Mud :
Bayen Mud :
Pichey Mud :

Participate in a Troop & Patrol Game :

Scouts & Guides play wide games for fun & Adventure. Wide game is played over
a wide area may be woody, hilly and rough. The players develop various qualities
such as fearlessness, intelligence, planning, reasoning, observation, organizing etc.
they also learn how to lead and how to be good followers. When on a hike or camp
never miss the opportunity to play a wide game. The scouts and guides should
describe when, where, how they played such wide games. How they enjoyed the
fun & Adventure through such game .

3. ROPE WORK
26
Whipping:
Whipping the end of a rope will make it look nicer and keep it from unravelling. This will help
the rope to last longer.

1. Cut a piece of twine about 12 inches long for each end of the rope.
2. Make a loop of the twine, and lay the portion of the loop along side the end of the
rope, with one end of the twine extending past the end of the rope.
3. Holding one side of the loop, start wrapping the loop around the end of the rope
about a half inch back. Wrap the twine aroudn the end of the rope about 10 or 12
times.
4. Pull the two ends of the twine. This should pull the twine tight and secure.
5. Trim ends of the twine.
6. Repeat for other end of rope

Reef Knot

• An excellent general purpose knot for tying two pieces of string or twine together, the reef
knot is possibly the most commonly used knot for the job, and is easy to learn. However, it
cannot be overly stressed that the Reef knot is not a long term or secure knot, and it should
only be used to finish parcels or bindings. In other cases, use a more secure method of bending
two ropes together, such as a Sheetbend, a Double Sheetbend, or a Fisherman’s Knot.
• Unfortunately, the Reef knot can easily change into a slipping Lark’s Head , so it should never
be used where life or limb are at risk.
• Holding one end of each rope in each hand, pass the left rope over the right, and tuck under.
Then pass the same rope, now in the right hand, over the left rope, and tuck under.
• It is common to chant “Left over Right and Under, Right over Left and Under” when tying the
knot. (This can also be performed as “Right over Left and Under, Left over Right and Under”.)
• The reef knot can easliy be undone by gripping one
loose end, and pulling it back over the knot, in the
opposite direction, thus straightening the rope which is
pulled. The other rope forms a Lark’s Head knot, and
slips off the tugged rope.
• The knot gets its name from its use on sailing ships,
when the sails were “reefed” – rolled up and tied to the
cross spar with a reef knot. To release the sail, the
sailors would climb the rigging, and work their way
along the cross spar, pulling the top end of the reef knot
down. They only had to use one hand, holding on with the other. The weight of the sail would
cause the reef knot to slip, and the sail would be released.

1. Tip. If you want to tie two ropes together of similar thickness then never use a Reef knot. Only
use it with string and twine when tying parcels, whippings and bindings.
2. Tip. Never use this knot to join ropes of two different thicknesses.

Sheet Bend (Flag Bend, Common Bend)

27
 • The Sheetbend is commonly used to tie two ropes of
unequal thickness together. The thicker rope of the two
is used to form a bight,, and the thinner rope is passed up
through the bight, around the back of the bight, and
then tucked under itself.
• The knot should be tied with both ends coming off the
same side of the bend, as illustrated here. However it
can easily be accidentally tied with the ends coming off
opposite sides of the bend, when it is known as the Left
Handed Sheet Bend. The Left Handed Sheet Bend is to be
avoided as it is less secure.

Tip. If the ropes are of very unequal thickness, or placed under a lot of tension, use a Double
Sheetbend.

Clove Hitch:

:
• Use to attach a rope to a pole, this knot provide a quick
and secure result. It rarely jams, and can in fact suffer
from the hitch unrolling under tension if the pole can
turn. Often used to start and finish lashings.
• With practice, this can be easily tied with one hand –
especially useful for sailors!

1. Tip. If you are in a situation where the clove hitch may

unroll, add a couple of half hitches with the running end
to the standing end of the knot, turning it into a “Clove
Hitch and Two Half Hitches”!
2. Tip. When pioneering, use the Round turn and two half
hitches to start and finish your lashings instead of the
Clove Hitch. It won’t unroll, and is easier to finish tying
off. It just does not look so neat!

Sheepshank:

• The Sheepshank is a shortening knot, which enables a rope to be shortened non non-
destructively.
• The knot is only really secure under tension, it will fall apart when slack. (See tip below.)

28
 •

1. Tip. Use up to five half hitches each end of the Sheepshank to make the knot more secure,
and for fine tuning the shortening.
2. Tip. Never cut ropes to shorten them! Always use a shortening knot such as the Sheepshank,
or coil the excess.

Round turn and two half

hitches

• Used to secure a rope to a pole, or to start or finish a

lashing. Pass the running end of the rope over the pole twice. Then
pass the running end over the standing part of rope, and tuck it back
up and under itself, forming a half hitch. Repeat this for a second
half hitch.
• This knot has a redeeming feature – it rarely jams!

Tip. Superior to a Clove Hitch for starting and finishing a lashing as the half hitches prevent this knot
from unrolling, as they have the effect of locking the knot. The Clove Hitch looks neater (!) but it has a
tendency to unroll, and can be difficult to tie tightly when tying off.
Fisherman’s knot (Angler’s knot, English knot, Englishman’s bend, Halibut knot,
True Lover’s bend, Waterman’s knot)

• The Fisherman’s knot is used to tie two ropes of equal thickness together. It is used by fishermen to
join fishing line, and is very effective with small diameter strings and twines.
• Tie a Thumb knot, in the running end of the first rope around the second rope. Then tie a thumb
knot in the second rope, around the first rope. Note the Thumb knots are tied such they lie snugly
against each other when the standing ends are pulled.

Tip: When tying knots in monofilament line, moisten the line before pulling the knot tight. This helps to stop
the line heating up with friction, which weakens it.

29
Bowline :

• A commonly used knot to tie a loop in the end of a rope. It has the
advantage of not jamming, compared to some other loop forming
knots (for example when using an overhand knot on a large bight
to form a loop).
• Form a small loop (the direction is important), and pass the free
end of the knot up through the loop, around beh
behind the standing
part of the rope, and back down through the loop.
• A chant used by many to remember this knot is “The rabbit comes
out of the hole, round the tree, and back down the hole again”,
where the hole is the small loop, and the rabbit is the runni
running end
of the rope.
• In the same way that a Left Handed Sheet bend is a Sheet bend
that has the running end of the rope coming out of the wrong side
of the knot, a cowboy bowline is a bowline that also has the
running end of the rope coming out of the wron
wrong side of the knot.
It suffers the same problems as the left handed sheet bend.

• Tip. Don’t be afraid to use this knot to form a loop of any size in rope.
• Tip. To quickly identify if you have tied the Bowline normal or left handed, check to see that the
running end exits the knot on the inside of the loop.
• Tip. For added security, finish the knot with a stop knot such as a Figure of Eight knot to remove
any possibility of the Bowline slipping.
• Tip. If you use this knot in a man carrying situation – perhapss a rescue where a harness is
unavailable – then you MUST use a stop knot as mentioned above.

Sheer lashing

A sheer lashing can be used singly or in pairs . . .

For joining two spars to increase the overall length eg when making a flag pole –

It is important to have a good overlap of spars – between a quarter and a third of

their length.

Start with a clove hitch or timber hitch round one of

the spars near the end of the overlap.

Wrap the rope neatly and tightly round both spars
for 8 – 10 turns (a)

inish with a clove hitch round the second spar
Finish

Add a second lashing at the other end of the overlap
so that no movement is possible (b)
30

To tighten further, add small wedges between the spars next to the lashings

For sheer legs, where the spars are opened to form an inverted ‘V’.

Line up the ends of the spars

Start with a timber hitch or clove hitch round one

spar

Continue with 8 to 10 turns round both spars –
these turns should be neat and firm but not too
tight.

Do three frapping turns and finish with a clove
hitch on the second spar (a) and (b).

The lashing tightens as the sheer legs are opened which is

why the first turns round the spars should not be too tight or it will not be
possible to open the legs as required (c).

4. SERVICE:
Troop Service Project :

31
 GOLDEN RULES OF FIRST AID:

1. Do first things first quickly, quietly and without fuss or panic.

2.Give artificial respiration if breathing has stopped-every second counts.

3. Stop any bleeding.

4. Guard against or treat for shock by moving the casualty as little as possibleand handling him gently.

5. Do not attempt too much-do the minimum that is essential to save life andprevent the condition from
worsening.

6. Reassure the casualty and those around and so help to lessen anxiety.

7. Do not allow people to crows round as fresh air is essential.

8. Do not remove clothes unnecessarily.

9. Arrange for the removal of the casualty to the care of a Doctor or hospitalssoon as possible

Deal with Cuts and Scrapes

Follow these steps to keep cuts clean and prevent infections and scars.

• Wash your hands. First, wash up with soap and water so you don’t get bacteria into the cut and
cause an infection. If you’re on the go, use hand sanitizer.
• Stop the bleeding. Put pressure on the cut with a gauze pad or clean cloth. Keep the pressure
on for a few minutes.
• Clean the wound. Once you’ve stopped the bleeding, rinse the cut under cool running water or
use a saline wound wash. Clean the area around the wound with soap and a wet washcloth.
Don’t get soap in the cut, because it can irritate the skin. And don’t use hydrogen peroxide or
iodine, which could irritate the cut.
• Remove any dirt or debris. Use a pair of tweezers cleaned with alcohol to gently pick out any
dirt, gravel, glass, or other material in the cut.
•

Deal with Burns:

Act Fast: Immediately hold under cool running water or apply a cold, wet towel until the pain
subsides. Cover any small blisters with a loose bandage or gauze and tape; call a doctor as soon
as possible if burns are on the face, hands, or genitals, or if they're larger than 1/4 inch anywhere
on the body. If the burn looks deep -- the skin may be white or brown and dry -- go to the E.R.
For a burn covering a tenth of the body or more, don't use cold compresses; call 911 and cover
the child with a clean sheet or a blanket to prevent hypothermia until help arrives.

32
Follow-Up Care: Don't pop any blisters yourself. If the skin breaks, apply an anti-biotic cream
and cover the area with a bandage or gauze and tape until it's healed. Watch for any redness,
swelling, tenderness, or discharge -- all signs of infection.

BLEEDING FROM NOSE-

A nose bleed occurs when a small vein, along the lining of nose, bursts
• Most nosebleeds look scary, but are harmless
• Can be treated at home • Common in children/elderly Causes
• Dryness • Nose picking • Blowing nose with force • Use of medications, like aspirin
• Introducing objects into nose (mostly children) • Injuries • Allergies • Infections • High BP
• Atherosclerosis • Blood-clotting disorders • Use of cocaine Symptoms •
Bleeding from nose • Sometimes bleeding from ears/mouth too Types a. Anterior Nosebleed •
Affects lower part of wall that separates nostrils • The wall or septum contains blood vessels •
These can be broken by blow to nose/fingernail • The bleeding starts from front of nose • It flows
outward when patient is sitting/standing • Occurs during dry season/harsh winter b. Posterior
Nosebleed • The bleeding starts deep within the nose • It flows down the back of the mouth &
throat • This happens even when the person is sitting/standing • Occurs in old people/those with
high BP/injuries • This type of bleeding is severe/ requires medical help
Treatment • If your nose bleeds, • Sit down and lean forward • Using your thumb & index finger,
squeeze soft part of nose • This part is between end of nose and the bridge of nose • Continue
holding till bleeding stops- • Do not stop in-between • If bleeding continues, hold for another 10
minutes • If the patient is a child, divert attention by TV/Stories • Avoid picking, blowing or
rubbing nose for 2 days • Place an ice pack on the bridge of nose Consult a Doctor If, • The
bleeding continues for more than 15 minutes • The bleeding is caused by an injury • You get
nosebleeds often
Prevention : Keep fingernails short • Quit smoking • Open your mouth while sneezing • Use a
humidifier at night in case of dry weather

ADOPT FOR PURPOSE OF KEEPING CLEAN A TEMPLE :

PLACE : Temple of SaiBaba , Nagampet

Purpose : Cleanliness and Maintenance

Work : The whole members of my Patrol along with my Scout Master went and told the priest
that we had come on a voluntarily basis. The patrol of 8 members took some brooms and
cleaned the whole compound, after which we cleaned the statue of Shirdi SaiBaba. We continued
this for a week and distributed ‘PRASAD’ to people. On the last day, after cleaning the temple
we participated in Annual Day of SaiBaba Temple which was being organized there. This gave
me immense pleasure as it is the Promise of a Scout ‘To do my Duty to God & My Country ‘. I
am also sure that I have succeeded in my task.

33
 Services rendered by Village Panchayat samiti:
A. Licenses / Permissions issued by the Village Panchayat
1) Grant of License for Construction/ Reconstruction of any structure:
2) Permission for Repairs of House/Structure:
3) License for Hotels/ Shops/ Restaurant/ Eating House/ Coffee House/ Sweet Meat Shop/ Bakery/ Boarding
etc.
4) Permission for construction of factories/ Installation of Machinery.
5) License for using any place for Trade, Business or Industry.
6) License for places for disposal of Dead Bodies:
7) Licensing of Shops:

B. Certificates issued by the Village Panchayat

1) Income Certificate:
2) Birth / Death Certificate:
3) Occupancy Certificate:
4) No Dues Certificate:
5) Non-Availability of Birth or Death Certificate:
6) Residence Certificate:
7) Character Certificate:
8) Dependency Certificate:
9) Poverty Certificate:
10) Divergence Certificate:
11) Bonafide Fisherman Certificate:
12) Occupation Certificate:
C. No Objection Certificates (NOCs) issued by the Village Panchayat
Any person desirous of obtaining the following NOCs may apply to the concerned Village
Panchayat. The required NOCs are issued by the Panchayat after taking into consideration
objections, if any, from the villagers and verifying the ownership/title documents in respect
of the property. All NOCs issued are duly registered in the Register maintained for the
purpose and are issued only after passing of a resolution to that effect by the Panchayat
1) NOC for Water Connection
2) NOC for Electricity Connection
3) NOC for House Repair
4) NOC for Road Cutting
5) NOC for running General Stores
6) NOC for running Bar/ Liquor shop
7) NOC for Establishment
34
D. Other Services
1) Correction in Births and Deaths Records.

5. COMMUNICATION :
PCO in India :

In India, manned and automated (coin-operated payphone)

versions of the service are in existence. BSNL, a public sector
corporation, has the largest installation of PCOs in India. Mr. R.
L. Dube, a Dept of Telecom officer, introduced concept of PCOs
in India. As of 2006 there were about 4.2 million (42 lakh) PCOs
operating in India, according to the Telecom Regulatory
Authority of India (TRAI).[1]

Private sector operators such as Reliance Infocomm, Tata

Indicom, Hutch, Idea and Airtel predominantly are prepaid PCO
providers and have a moderate number of PCOs in the public
landscape.

There are two types of PCOs: landline and wireless. The wireless PCOs use two technologies:
CDMA and GSM. Reliance and Tata Indicom are CDMA-based prepaid PCO connection
providers. Airtel, Idea and Hutch are GSM-based prepaid PCO connection providers. Initially,
the Dept of Telecom, and later BSNL, MTNL and Airtel provided fixed landline postpaid PCO
connections. BSNL and MTNL also provide prepaid PCOs.

USES OF MOBILE PHONE:

Making a call is now only the sixth

most common use for a mobile
phone, a study has found. Sending
and receiving text messages, reading
emails, browsing the internet and
using the phone's alarm clock have
all overtaken actual conversation.

35
Advantages of Mobile Phones
1. They are convenient:
It’s great being able to call a friend when you are out and about – without being tied to a land
line.
2. They can be life savers.
Taking a mobile phone with you when you go hiking is a basic safety precaution. If you lose
your way or get stuck in bad weather, your mobile phone could just save your life.
3. Staying connected.
There is no need to feel lonely when you have a mobile phone in your pocket: just connect with
friends via text, FaceTime, voice calls or social media.
4. Fun and games
These days, mobile phones are loaded with all kinds of fun games. We all remember Nokia
Snake, but more recently people have got way more into challenging their brains with Sudoko or
whiling away the time during a long commute with a game of Candy Crush Saga.

5. Your mobile keeps you informed.

Whether you are searching for that Spanish word you read in the newspaper or reading some
articles on a topic close to your heart, mobiles that are connected to the internet are a treasure
trove of information.
6. Getting snap happy
Sophisticated cameras mean that you can take professional quality photos on your humble cell
phone.
7. Knowing where you are
GPS technology enables you to pinpoint yourself on a map no matter how lost you are. Just fire
up your phone to see your position and create a route to your destination.
8. A handy torch
Turn on the flashlight function on your mobile to find your keys in your purse as you step off the
bus, or to locate the candles when there’s a blackout in your house.
9. A recording device
Record the dawn chorus or your friends singing you happy birthday – all on your mobile phone.
10. A fashion statement
Owning the latest cellphone technology, and decorating it with cute phone covers, is a great way
to mark yourself out as a style icon.

Disadvantages of Mobile Phones:

1. Distraction
It’s so hard to work when your phone is tempting you to pick it up.
2. Interruption
You’re trying to have a romantic date and yet are plagued by incessant calls and texts.
3. Cost
That contract costs, WHAT, now?
4. Dependency
It is easier than you might think to become addicted to your mobile phone, and so dependent on
it that you forget to communicate in real life.

36
5. Isolation
It’s ironic, but some people feel that the cellphone (which is designed to keep people connected)
can actually drive us further apart. Have you ever seen a group of friends at a restaurant, looking
down at their phones instead of each other? That.
6. Security issues
If someone taps in to your data they could steal your identity, pilfer your photos, and erase your
contacts list.
7. The temptation to call your ex late at night
No explanation needed here
8. Eyesight issues
Hunching over your phone screen for hours in the dark can strain your eyes.
9. RSI
Tapping constantly at your phone can lead to repetitive strain injury (RSI) in your fingers.
10. Nostalgia
Some of us are just nostalgic for a good old chat on the landline.
Conclusion
Used wisely, a mobile phone can be a lifesaver that enhances your social life.

6. OUT OF DOORS :
WOOD CRAFT SIGNS:

The trail should be one which an observant scout can follow easily, but which an ordinary
person would not even see!

* Make the signs on the right hand side of any track you may be following.
* The signs should be close to the ground or at least no higher than the knee.
* They should be regularly spaced.
* If more than one person is to follow a trail, the earlier ones must not spoil the trail for
the others. The last person should destroy the signs when he has finished.
* The signs need not be large – about as big as your hand
* Make sure your signs can be recognized as man made. It is surprising how often twigs
lying naturally on the ground look like an arrow.

37
38
 Safety Rules for Pedestrians:

The most important safety tip to reduce pedestrian injuries and fatalities is to pay
attention. You can significantly reduce your chances of being in a collision with a
motor vehicle by obeying traffic rules and being aware of dangers posed by cars in
your vicinity. Make eye contact with drivers if possible and make sure that they can
see you.

• Where possible, avoid walking next to the kerb with your back to the traffic. If you have to step
into the road, look both ways first.
• Wear or carry something light coloured, bright or fluorescent in poor daylight conditions. When
it is dark, use reflective materials (e.g. armbands, sashes, waistcoats and jackets), which can be
seen, by drivers using headlights, up to three times as far away as non-reflective materials.
• Young children should not be out alone on the pavement or road. When taking children out,
walk between them and the traffic and hold their hands firmly. Strap very young children into
push-chairs or use reins.
• Always walk on the footpath, they are meant for you. Where there is no footpath, walk in the
right side margin of the road so that you can see the traffic coming in the opposite direction.
• Cross roads where there are pedestrian crossings. They have been painted at great cost for your
convenience.
• Where there are no pedestrian crossings, watch the traffic on both sides and cross when it is
safe.
• You MUST NOT walk on motorways or slip roads except in an emergency.
• Never walk on the main carriageway, it could be fatal.
• Do not read newspapers or look at hoardings while walking on the road.
• Do not greet friends on the road. Take them to the footpath or the side margin.
• Do not come on to the main road while waiting for a bus. Stay on the footpath at earmarked bus
stoppage.
• Where there are barriers, cross the road only at the gaps provided for pedestrians. Do not climb
over the barriers or walk between them and the road.
• Do not run after a moving bus. Follow safety rules on the road and live long.
• You MUST NOT get on to or hold on to a moving vehicle.
• Don't "Drink and Walk." If you've been drinking, take a cab or a bus, or let someone sober drive
you home.
• When walking at night, wear retro any type of crossing you should always check that the traffic
has stopped before you start to cross or push a pram onto a crossing . Always cross between the
studs or over the zebra markings. Do not cross at the side of the crossing or on the zig-zag lines,
as it can be dangerous. You MUST NOT loiter on zebra, pelican or puffin crossings.

Nature Study Trail :

39
 DWITIYA SOPAN

INDEX

S.NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.

PIONEERING:
a) Demonstrate Timber hitch, Rolling hitch, Marline spike / Lever hitch &
Figure of Eight knot and their use.
b) Tie the following lashings and know their uses : Square and Figure of
1 Eight.
c) Demonstrate the uses of hand axe or chopper and know the safety rules
and how to keep them sharp.
d) Demonstrate the use safety and sharpening of a dagger or a pen knife and
the use of a screw driver, pliers and hammer.

FIRE:
a) Know different types of fire used in camping outing.
2 b) Lay and light a wood fire in the open with not more than two match
sticks.
COOKING:
a) Know the working & maintenance of a kerosene, pressure stove or a Gas
stove.
3 b) Cook in the open two simple dishes enough for two persons & make tea
/ coffee.
c) Know the safety precautions in case of a gas leak.
COMPASS & MAP:
a) Know the sixteen points of a compass.
b) Be able to find North by at least two constellations
c) Using a Compass know how to find the bearing of various objects from
4 your position.
d) Follow a trail laid out using compass bearing & distances.
e) Know the terms : Scale, Direction, Conventional signs, Contours & Grid
Reference.
f) Be able to use a tourist map
FIRST – AID :
a) Have knowledge about wounds and know how to deal with Bleeding,
Burns and Scalds Sprains, Stings & Bites
5 b) Demonstrate the use of Roller bandages.
c) Demonstrate the use of a Triangular Bandage for the Head, Hand, Knee,
Foot, Ankle and fracture of Arm.
d) Improvise a stretcher

ESTIMATION:
a) With the help of improvised apparatus estimate two distances / widths
6 of not more than 100 metres but not less than 30 metres.
b) Know the length of your stride / pace and using this, estimate the
distance travelled.

40
 OUT OF DOORS:
a) Participate in a Troop Wide Game.
b) Participate in a Troop Campfire & know at least two folk / patriotic songs
& participate in a Patrol skit.
7 c) Know & Practice road safety rules for vehicles.
d) Know how to ride a bicycle.
e) Visit a factory in the neighbor hood of schools / colleges / residence to
understand the manufacturing process of various products and also to
respect the dignity of labour.

SERVICE :
Complete any one of the following :
a) Undertake a development Project in your school in consultation with the
head of the institution.
b) Participate in a Social Service Camps covering at least for a month.
c) Serve in community fair or Mela including preparatory and post event
8 assignments of Mela / fair.
d) Participate in an Anti – Litter Campaign with your Patrol and help to
clean up an area around your school or headquarters.
e) Demonstrate the 3R’s of Conservation : Reduce, Recycle & Reuse.
f) To form and participate in Self Help Groups.
g) Such other sustained activities where Scout skills are made use of.

SENSE TRAINING:
9 Know and play the following Kim’s Games: Observation Game, Taste Games,
Sound Games, Smelling Games, Touch Games.
Proficiency Badges:
10 1.
2.
DISCIPLINE:
a) Know the various Troop Formations.
b) Be able to march three deep with your Troop smartly & in good order.
11 Follow drill commands during marching.
c) Participate in four All Faiths Prayer meetings in your Troop

COMMUNICATION :
a) Use a computer and know the advantages and disadvantages of mobile
phone, internet and their applications in the development of the
12 country.
b) Know how to use the internet & access the website of the Bharat Scouts
& Guides

PATRIOTISM:
13 Collect information on our heritage and culture and prepare a log.

41
 1. PIONEERING:
Timber Hitch :
Pass the end of the rope around the pole and then
around the standing end. Wrap the end around itself
three times and tighten the knot so that the three
turns are gripped against the pole.

A timber hitch can be used as a temporary knot

when you need to drag, tow or lift a log or pole.

Rolling Hitch:
A very secure and easy to tie method of fastening a rope
to a post. The knot holds firmly in the direction of
standing line. The Rolling Hitch is much more secure
than the similar clove hitch when tying a rope to a pole
or other object.

1. Wrap the end of a line around an object. Repeat,

crossing over the standing line a second time.
2. Wrap a third time around the object but wrap above
the standing line so as to not cross over it.
3. Pass the free end under the last wrap and pull tight.

Marlinspike Hitch :

Make a loop and through it tuck a bight of the standing end. Place the
loop over the pole and tighten it. With a second rope, tie the same
knot at the other end of the pole. Repeat to make a step ladder.

The marlinespike hitch is a temporary knot used to attach a rod

to a rope in order to form a handle.[1] This allows more tension
than could be produced comfortably by gripping the rope with
the hands alone. It is useful when tightening knots and for other
purposes in ropework.

As the name suggests, the type of rod traditionally used with this
hitch is a marlinespike. The advantages of this hitch over others
which might serve the purpose are its quickness of tying and ease
of releasing.

42
Figure of Eight knot :

• A useful “Stop” knot to temporarily bulk out the end of a rope or cord, the finished knot looks
like its name. It is superior to using a Thumb Knot, because it does not jam so easily.

Tip: The Figure of Eight is useful to temporarily stop the ends of a rope fraying, before it is whipped.

Figure Eight Knot Tying

• Tie a single eight in the rope two feet from its end.
Pass the free end through any tie-in point if desired.
• Retrace the original eight with the free end leaving
a loop at the bottom of the desired size.
• Pull all four strands of rope to cinch down the knot.

SQUARE LASHING:
Square lashings are used to bind
together two spars that are at right
angles with one another.

h) Place the poles on the

ground in the shape of a cross.
Tie a clove hitch around the
bottom pole near the
crosspiece. Twist the free end
of the rope around its standing
part and tuck it out of the way.
ii) Make three or four wraps
around the spars, keeping the
rope very tight. As you form
the wraps, lay the rope on the
outside of each previous turn
around the crosspiece, and on
the inside of each previous turn
around the bottom pole.
iii) Then wind three or four
frapping turns around the
wrapping to tighten the lashing
as much as you can.
iv) Finish it off with another clove hitch.

43
Figure of eight lashing
Also known as ‘round’, ‘tripod’ or ‘gyn’ lashing.

Three spars are laid so that the centre spar goes in the
opposite direction to the two outer ones.

Start with either a clove hitch or a timber hitch on one of the
outside spars.

Wrap the rope neatly, but not too tightly, under and over the
spars until six or seven complete turns have been taken.

Finish with frapping turns round either side of the central spar
and tie off with the clove hitch.
The tripod is formed by turning the centre spar through 180o and
opening out the other two spars.

HAND AXE :

Keep the hand axe stored in the axe sheath when not in use.
Inspect the hand axe before using it to ensure that the blade does
not fly off during use. Make sure to use safety glasses and safety
boots when using a hand axe. Use a firm and stable surface when
chopping wood with a hand axe and make sure that wood logs do
not contain metal pieces in them that can dislodge during
chopping and fly into the air injuring somebody in the process. A
proper stance is very important to have when using a hand axe.

Chopping wood is becoming more common with wood

burning stoves gaining in popularity as well as for camping -
but how do you perform this task safely? The simple task of cutting up logs can be potentially
deadly if you do not follow a few simple rules when using a hand axe to chop wood.

First, keep the hand axe in a sheath over the blade of the axe when not in use. Covering the axe
both protects the axe blade and any person who can become injured by the sharp axe blade.
Before using a hand axe inspect the wood handle or haft for nicks or cracks. Also, make sure that
the blade is attached securely to the haft and that it does not wiggle on the end of the haft. If the
blade is not firmly attached to the haft it is possible for the blade to fly off while you are working
with it.

44
Three ways to Sharpen a knife:

Using a Whetstone or a Diamond Stone

Using a Honing Rod (Sharpening Steel)

Using a Coffee Mug for Quick Results

Screwdriver :

The screwdriver consists of four parts: 1) The handle, 2) the shank, 3) the blade, and 4) the tip.

HAMMER :

A lot of men today are clueless when it comes to tools. The

increased affluence of the past 50 years led many men to
outsource handyman work instead of doing repairs and home
improvement themselves. And let’s face it. Men today can be
pretty darn lazy. They’d rather play their Xboxes than work on
building something with their own bare hands.

But knowing how to handle tools is an essential skill every

man should, well, have a handle on. You’ll become more self-
reliant, you’ll save money, and you’ll enjoy the supremely
manly satisfaction of working with your hands. To help the
generation of men who never got around to learning how to use
tools, we’ll be doing a series of posts on basic toolmanship.

To kick off our series on tool use, we start with the lowly
hammer. To the unskilled, hammering just means pounding the hell out of something until you
get the job done. Sure, you could do that, but you’ll end up with crummy results and a tired arm
to boot. A wise handyman knows how to use a hammer safely, effectively, and efficiently.

45
2. FIRE:

46
+
LAY & LIGHT A WOOD FIRE :
• Ask from the owner if it is outside.
• Remove the turf from area longer than fire area
• If ground is wet, cover it with sand , dust or stones
• Make a pyramid of dry sticks leaving an air passage
• Put few bricks on other side.
• Let the match stick burn fully before you take it to the firewood.
• Add bigger sticks & wood after the tiny sticks give proper flames.

3. COOKING :
MAKING TEA WITH MILK:

Directions:

1. Boil water in a saucepan.

2. Add sugar and tea powder in it and boil it for 3-4 minutes on medium flame.
3. Add milk and boil it over medium flame for 6-7 minutes or until bubble starts to rise. ...
4. Turn off the gas and strain tea in cups.

Making Instant Coffee

1. Start boiling some water. For this recipe, you will need some very hot, almost-boiling water. ...
2. Add the coffee. ...
3. Add the sugar and spices. ...
4. Pour in the hot water. ...
5. Add some milk or cream. ...
6. Stir your coffee and serve it.

Safe Handling of LPG

LPG gases are combustible and highly flammable. LPG can burn or explode when it comes in
contact with air or a source of ignition. It has the potential to create a disaster. Since LPG is
stored under pressure, it can leak from any joint or improperly sealed connection. Awareness or
knowledge of safe handling LPG can eliminate the chance of fire or explosion. Following are
some useful tips for safe handling of LPG cylinder.

• In the early morning, proper precaution is required to ensure that there no gas buildup in the
room, by opening doors and windows prior to turning on the stove.

• LPG containers are not to be placed in close proximity to the stove or any other sources of
flame.

• Ensure that the gas tube is not squashed or severely bent.

47
 • Choose an LPG supplier who can provide you with well-maintained LPG cylinders, and after-sales
support.

• Replace the LPG cylinder hose on a regular basis, and replace any damaged or worn hose with a
new hose.

• Landlords who use agents to manage properties need to ensure that tenants are aware of safe
use of LPG and LPG rubber tubes they use have an ISI mark.

• Never check for gas leaks using a lit match. Always use a solution of soapy water and look for
bubbles coming from around valves and pipe joints. These bubbles indicate a gas leak.

• After securely connecting a new or refilled cylinder, apply some soapy water to the cylinder
connections and turn on the cylinder.

• Any burning objects must be extinguished prior to installation of any equipment to the new LPG
cylinder.

• Spare cylinders should not be kept next to cylinder in use.

• Do not store kerosene or other flammable equipments in the kitchen.

• In order to avoid danger, cylinders and its accessories must be used according to the usage
instruction.

• Never switch on the electricity or light stove when LPG scents are present.

• Use a child-safe regulator on the LPG cylinder for domestic use.

• Using domestic cylinder for commercial purpose is illegal and if caught legal actions are taken
against the consumers under the Essential Commodity Act which is forfeiture of cylinder,
penalty and imprisonment up to 3 years.

• It is safer to evacuate everyone from the area.

Leaking of LPG

1. If escaping gas is not on fire, close any valve which will stop or reduce the flow of gas.
2. Turn off or remove any other source of ignition.
3. Ventilate the room by opening doors and windows
4. If you think that there is a danger of a fire, inform your gas supplier or Fire Department and your
neighbors immediately.

LPG is on fire

• If you have a fire fighting equipment, make sure that you know how to use it, and that it is
maintained regularly. If you can’t put it out, leave it to the fire brigade. It is safer to evacuate
everyone from the area.

48
 • A small fire from a container may be smothered by a wet cloth or dry powder extinguisher and
then it may be possible to stop the leak and remove the cylinder to a safe location.

• If the gas is escaping in large quantities and has been ignited, immediately apply large quantities
of water to all surfaces in the form of a jet, spray or fog.

• If the only valve which can be used to stop the flow of gas is involved in the fire, consider the
possibility of effecting the shut-off by approaching the valve behind a water spray. This
approach should be made at right angles to the flame and the spray used to reduce the intensity
of the flame but not to extinguish it.

• Portable LPG cylinders should be removed to a safe location.

• If you feel the situation is not under control of you, call experts or call Fire Department
immediately.

4. COMPASS & MAP :

16 POINTS OF A COMPASS-

S.NO. Compass point Abbreviation True Heading

1. North N 0.00°

2. North-northeast NNE 22.50°

3. Northeast NE 45.00°

4. East-northeast ENE 67.50°

5. East E 90.00°

6. East-southeast ESE 112.50°

7. Southeast SE 135.00°

8. South-southeast SSE 157.50°

9. South S 180.00°

10. South-southwest SSW 202.50°

11. Southwest SW 225.00°

12. West-southwest WSW 247.50°

13. West W 270.00°

14. West-northwest WNW 292.50°

15. Northwest NW 315.00°

49
16. North-northwest NNW 337.50°

FINDING NORTH BY CONSTELLATIONS

Star Method.

(1) Less than 60 of approximately 5,000 stars visible to the eye are used by navigators. The
stars seen as we look up at the sky at night are not evenly scattered across the whole sky. Instead
they are in groups called constellations.

(2) The constellations that we see depends partly on where we are located on the earth, the time
of the year, and the time of the night. The night changes with the seasons because of the journey
of the earth around the sun, and it also changes from hour to hour because the turning of the earth
makes some constellations seem to travel in a circle. But there is one star that is in almost exactly
the same place in the sky all night long every night. It is the North Star, also known as the Polar
Star or Polaris.

(3) The North Star is less than 1° off true north and does not move from its place because the
axis of the earth is pointed toward it. The North Star is in the group of stars called the Little
Dipper. It is the last star in the handle of the dipper. There are two stars in the Big Dipper, which
are a big help when trying to find
the North Star. They are called the
Pointers, and an imaginary line
drawn through them five times their
distance points to the North Star.
There are many stars brighter than
the North Star, but none is more
important because of its location.
However, the North Star can only
be seen in the northern hemisphere
so it cannot serve as a guide south
50
of the equator. The farther one goes north, the higher the North Star is in the sky, and above
latitude 70°, it is too high in the sky to be useful

Determining direction by the North Star and Southern Cross.

(4) Depending on the star selected for navigation, azimuth checks are necessary. A star near the
north horizon serves for about half an hour. When moving south, azimuth checks should be made
every 15 minutes. When traveling east or west, the difficulty of staying on azimuth is caused
more by the likelihood of the star climbing too high in the sky or losing itself behind the western
horizon than it is by the star changing direction angle. When this happens, it is necessary to
change to another guide star. The Southern Cross is the main constellation used as a guide south
of the equator, and the above general directions for using north and south stars are reversed.
When navigating using the stars as guides, the user must know the different constellation shapes
and their locations throughout the world

Constellations, northern hemisphere. Constellations, southern hemisphere.

Bearings
A directional compass is shown below. It is used to find a direction or bearing .

The four main directions of a compass are known as cardinal points. They are north (N), east
(E), south (S) and west (W). Sometimes, the half-cardinal points of north-east (NE), north-west
(NW), south-east (SE) and south-west (SW) are shown on the compass. The above compass
shows degree measurements from 0° to 360° in 10° intervals with:

• north representing 0° or 360°

• east representing 90°
• south representing 180°
• west representing 270°

When using a directional compass, hold the compass so that the point marked north points

51
directly away from you. Note that the magnetic needle always points to the north.

Bearing

The true bearing to a point is the angle measured in degrees in a clockwise direction from the
north line. We will refer to the true bearing simply as the bearing.

For example, the bearing of point P is 065º which is the number of degrees in the angle measured
in a clockwise direction from the north line to the line joining the centre of the compass at O
with the point P (i.e. OP).

The bearing of point Q is 300º which is the number of degrees in the angle measured in a
clockwise direction from the north line to the line joining the centre of the compass at O with the
point Q (i.e. OQ).
Note:

The bearing of a point is the number of degrees in the angle measured in a clockwise direction
from the north line to the line joining the centre of the compass with the point.
A bearing is used to represent the direction of one point relative to another point.

For example, the bearing of A from B is 065º. The bearing of B from A is 245º.
Note:

• Three figures are used to give bearings.

• All bearings are measured in a horizontal plane.

scale
scale, in cartography, the ratio of the distance between two points on a map to the real distance
between the two corresponding points portrayed. The scale may be expressed in three ways:
numerically, as a ratio or a fraction, e.g., 1:100,000 or 1/100,000; verbally, e.g., “one inch to one
mile” (not “one inch equals one mile”); and graphically, by marking distances on a sample line.
The last method has the advantage that the scale remains true even if the map is enlarged or
reduced mechanically. The first method is particularly useful since any unit of measurement may
be used; e.g., if one uses metric units, a scale of 1:100,000 would mean that one centimeter on
the map represents one kilometer on the earth’s surface (since 100,000 centimeters equals one
kilometer). The more the size of features on the map approaches the features’ actual size on the
earth’s surface, the larger the scale of the map is said to be. A large-scale map usually shows
more detail than does a small-scale map, but covers a smaller area than does a small-scale map of
the same size.

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MAP SCALES & UNITS

This handout was designed to help you understand the relationships between different map
scales, map units, distance, and area. You should understand the logic behind how these are used
and how they should appear on real topographic maps. On your upcoming lab exam, you should
also be able to convert one type of map scale into another, and calculate size differences (scale
factor, area factor) between different maps.

A. Review of Common Types of Map Scales

All map scales are an expression of the numerical relationship between the MAP and the LAND
that is represented. The MAP unit is always mentioned first.

1. Verbal Scale: The verbal scale is just a sentence stating that “1 Map Unit = X Land Units”.
For reasons of convenience, a mixture of units is commonly used, such as

1 inch = 1 mile

However, there are NO requirements that the units must be different! The expression “1 inch =
63,360 inches” is still a verbal scale. A mixture of map and land units makes the verbal scale
difficult to compare between different maps – it must be converted first to a Representative
Fraction (see below).
2. Representative Fraction (R.F.): An R.F. scale is a ratio, or fraction, that expresses the
mathematical relationship between MAP and LAND, such as

1 : 24,000

which means “1 map unit is equivalent to 24,000 land units.” Because an R.F. carries no units
(inches, centimeters, etc.), it means that the R.F. scales can be compared between different maps.
Converting an R.F. scale to a verbal scale is very easy; simply select ONE unit and apply it to
BOTH map and land numbers. The above example can be written as a verbal scale as “1 inch =
24,000 inches” or “1 meter = 24,000 meters,” etc. (Note: YOU CANNOT MIX UNITS in an
R.F.! Doing so will change the numerical relationship of the R.F.)
3. Graphic Scale: The graphic scale is a bar chart or “ruler” that is drawn at the bottom of a
topographic map. This is the scale that you should use when asked to measure distances on the
map. Be Careful: Note that the zero mark is not located at the left end of the graphic scale. For
your convenience, the graphic scale extends to the left of the zero mark to indicate fractions of
units, such as 1/10 of a mile. You may measure distances by marking off the 2 end points on the
edge of a sheet of paper and aligning the edge of the paper against the graphic scale (make sure
one of your marks is on the zero).

Conventional signs
The various features shown on a map are represented by conventional signs or symbols. For
example, colors can be used to indicate a classification of roads. These signs are usually
explained in the margin of the map, or on a separately published characteristic sheet

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A map is a birds eye view of a piece of land draw on a mangerbal piece of paper only accret to
the day it was printed., almost everything that appears on a map, except a written name, is a
conventional sign.

Conventional signs are designed to enable the maximum amount of information to be put on a
map in the clearest way possible.

Why are symbols used in maps?

Because there’s not enough room to print the words of the items represented by the symbols.

For simplicity and due to space constraints. It makes the map easier to understand. In addition, if
full names of features were to be used on maps, it would be too messy to read.

Since a map is a reduced representation of the real world, map symbols are used to represent real
objects. Without symbols, we wouldn’t have maps.

Both shapes and colors can be used for symbols on maps. A small circle may mean a point of
interest, with a brown circle meaning recreation, red circle meaning services, and green circle
meaning rest stop. Colors may cover larger areas of a map, such as green representing forested
land and blue representing waterways.

To ensure that a person can correctly read a map, a Map Legend is a key to all the symbols used
on a map. It is like a dictionary so you can understand the meaning of what the map represents.

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 5. FIRST AID:

WOUNDS AND CUTS:

A wound is a type of injury which happens relatively quickly in which skin is torn, cut, or
punctured (an open wound), or where blunt force trauma causes a contusion (a closed wound).
In pathology, it specifically refers to a sharp injury which damages the dermis of the skin.

HOW TO DEAL WITH BLEEDING:

1. Wash your hands with soap or antibacterial cleanser to prevent infection.

2. Then, wash the cut thoroughly with mild soap and water.
3. Use direct pressure to stop the bleeding.
4. Apply antibacterial ointment and a clean bandage that will not stick to the wound.

BURNS: an injury caused by exposure to heat or flame.

HOW TO DEAL WITH BURNS:

1. Cool the burn to help soothe the pain. ...

2. Remove rings or other tight items from the burned area. ...
3. Don't break small blisters (no bigger than your little fingernail). ...
4. Apply moisturizer or aloe vera lotion or gel, which may provide relief in some cases.

SCALD : a burn or other injury caused by hot liquid or steam.

How to treat a scald :

1. make sure you are safe.

2. put the burnt area under cool running water for at least 20 minutes, but don't use ice.
3. use a hydrogel for first aid if water is not available.
4. remove any clothing near the burn that is not stuck to it.
5. remove any jewellery near the burn if that is easy to do.

Sprain: A sprain, also known as a torn ligament, is damage to one or more ligaments in a
joint, often caused by trauma or the joint being taken beyond its functional range of motion. The
severity of sprain ranges from a minor injury which resolves in a few days to a major rupture of
one or more ligaments requiring surgical fixation and a period of immobilisation. Sprains can
occur in any joint but are most common in the ankle and wrist.

How to treat Sprain:

• Rest the sprained or strained area. If necessary, use a sling for an arm injury or crutches for a leg
or foot injury. Splint an injured finger or toe by taping it to an adjacent finger or toe.

55
 • Ice for 20 minutes every hour. Never put ice directly against the skin or it may damage the skin.
Use a thin towel for protection.
• Compress by wrapping an elastic (Ace) bandage or sleeve lightly (not tightly) around the joint or
limb. Specialized braces, such as for the ankle, can work better than an elastic bandage for
removing the swelling.
• Elevate the area above heart level if possible. Keeping the sprained joint elevated (in relation to
the rest of the body) will also help minimize swelling.

INSECT BITES AND STINGS

INSECT BITES AND STINGS Overview Insect bites are, mostly, not severe Sometimes they
cause a severe allergic reaction, anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis is life-threatening if not treated on time
Sting of bees, wasps, hornets / bite of fire ants, painful Bites of insects, like mosquitoes, cause
itching The bite of a black widow spider can be fatal,
Overview
• Insect bites are, mostly, not severe
• Sometimes they cause a severe allergic reaction, anaphylaxis
• Anaphylaxis is life-threatening if not treated on time
• Sting of bees, wasps, hornets / bite of fire ants, painful
• Bites of insects, like mosquitoes, cause itching
• The bite of a black widow spider can be fatal, if left untreated
Causes Examples of biting insects
• Mosquitoes
• Fleas
• Mites
• Spiders
Examples of stinging insect
• Bees
• Wasps
• Hornets
Symptoms
• Localized Pain
• Swelling
• Redness
• Itching
• Numbness
• Burning
• Tingling sensation
• Breathlessness
• Weakness
Treatment
• Remove the stinger using a straight- edged object
• Wash the area thoroughly with soap and water
• Place ice wrapped in a cloth on the affected area
• Repeat after every 10 minutes
• Apply a gentle cream to prevent itching
• Take anti histamines if necessary
• Observe for signs of infection like pain, redness or swelling

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In case of emergency-
• Try to keep the person calm
• Check the person’s breathing
• Remove constricting items, like rings, from finger/nose/ears
• Do Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), if necessary
• If the person is carrying an emergency kit, use it
• If required, treat the person for signs of shock
• Seek medical help as soon as possible
Consult a Doctor In case of the following, seek medical help
• Wheezing
• Swelling on the face
• Difficulty in breathing
• Tight feeling in the throat
• Body turning blue
Steps to Avoid
• Do not remove the stinger using a tweezer
• Do not apply a tourniquet
• Aspirin, pain medications, should not be given unless advised by a doctor
Prevention
• Avoid placing hand near the mouth of a seizure-affected person
Take caution to prevent your child from developing biting habit

ROLLER BANDAGE

Roller bandages are long strips of material which are rolled up for easy use. They come in
different widths and material.
Roller Bandages: Gauze or Cotton Roller Bandage
Gauze and cotton bandages are non-conforming. This means that they do not stretch, and will not
mould around the part of the body to which they are applied. Non-conforming bandages do not
stay on very well. If you have both types of bandage in your first aid kit, it is best to use the
conforming bandages first. Roller Bandages: Conforming Roller Bandage Conforming bandages
are designed to stretch. This allows them to mould to the shape of the parts to which they are
applied. Conforming bandages can be used on their own to provide support to an injured joint or
muscle.They can also secure pads and dressings, when this is necessary to control bleeding
Applying Roller Bandages
All roller bandages should be applied in the following manner.
1. Hold the bandage so that the head or rolled part is on top and the tail is pointing inward.
2. Pass the rolled part from hand to hand, allowing it to unroll as you go. Make sure that each
turn overlaps the last by two thirds of its width.
3. Fasten the end with tape or tuck the end in and check that the b andage is not too tight.
TRIANGULAR BANDAGEs
A First Aid Kit will typically contain triangular bandages which are large triangular pieces
of material, with two sides about 1 metre long,and the third about 1.4 metres.
Triangular bandages can be used as:
• Collar & Cuff Sling
• St John Sling
• Full Arm Sling
• Broad Bandage
• Narrow Bandage
• Pad
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 Triangular bandages: Collar & Cuff Sling
The collar and cuff sling is useful for a casualty with a fracture of the upper arm or an injured
hand.

Triangular bandages: St John Sling

The St John sling is useful for a casualty with an injured shoulder, collar bone, hand or fingers.

It is the best sling for shoulder and collarbone injuries because it supports the whole arm and
takes the weight of the arm off the injured shoulder or collar bone. In the case of hand or finger
injuries, it can be used to elevate the injured part.
Triangular bandages: Full Arm Sling
The full arm sling is used to support an injured forearm or wrist.
It is the best sling for these injuries because it forms a comfortable cradle which spreads the
weight of the forearm evenly along its whole length. This prevents the damaged parts from
pushing together or pull ing apart as they would if the other slings were used.
Triangular bandages: Broad Bandage
A broad bandage is simply a triangular bandage which is folded and used to tie on splints and
dressings.
• First, you fold it in half, point to base.
• Then you fold it in half again.
• You now have a broad bandage.

Triangular bandage: Narrow Bandage

A narrow bandage has one more fold than the broad bandage and is mainly used for the collar &
cuff sling.
• First, you fold it in half, point to base.
• Then you fold it in half again to make a broad bandage.
• Then you fold it in half again.
• You now have a narrow bandage.
Triangular bandage: Pad
If you do not have a sterile pad in your First Aid Kit, you can use a triangular bandage as a pad.
• First, you fold it in half, point to base.
• Then you fold it in half again to make a broad bandage.
• Then you fold it in half again.
• You now have a narrow bandage.
• Then fold the two ends into the middle.
• Now fold both ends into the middle again.
• Fold what is left in half to make a pad.
• When a triangular bandage is folded like this, it is easy to store It in a first aid kit.
You can also use it in this form if you need to control bleeding.

HEAD, KNEE ,FOOT/HAND BANDAGES

Uses of Triangular bandage
Head bandage
• Stand behind the casualty. Use a triangular bandage as a whole cloth with a narrow
hem folded along the base. Place the centre of the base in the middle of the
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 forehead, close to the eyebrows.
• Bring the point over the top of the head to cover the dressing, and down the back of
the head, cross over the point, and around the head to the front. Tie the ends
together, using a reef knot, low on the forehead.
• Steady the head with one hand, and gently pull the point down to put the desired
amount of pressure on the dressing. Fold the point up toward the top of the head
and secure it carefully with a safety pin or tuck it under the back crisscross.
Knee or elbow bandage
• Use a triangular bandage as a whole cloth with a narrow hem folded along the
base. Place the centre of the base on the leg below the kneecap with the point
toward the top of the leg (or to bandage an elbow, on the forearm with the point
toward the shoulder).
• Bring the ends around the joint, crossing over the point in front of the elbow or at
the back of the knee.
• Bring the ends up and tie off over the point. Pull the point up to put the right amount
of pressure on the dressing and then fold it down and secure it with a safety pin or
tuck it under the knot.
Foot or hand bandage
• Use a triangular bandage as a whole cloth. Place it on a flat surface with the point
away from the casualty
• Place the foot or hand on the triangular bandage with the toes or fingers toward
the point, leaving enough bandage at the ankle or wrist to fully cover the part.
Bring the point up and over the foot or hand to rest on the lower leg or wrist.
• Bring the ends alongside the foot of hand and crisscross the folded ends up and
around the ankle or wrist. Cross over the point and wrap any extra bandage before
trying it off.
• Tie off over the point. If the point extends beyond the knot, pull it up to apply the
desired pressure. Fold it downward and tuck under the knot.

BANDAGES -
Roller & Triangular Bandage is applied:-
(a) To retain dressing and splints in position and to immobilize fractured limbs. Knots should
never be tied over a fracture.
(b) To afford support to an injured part (e.g. sprained ankle) or in the form of a sling.
(c) To control bleeding.
(d) To reduce or prevent swelling.
(e) To assist in the lifting and carrying of casualties
Triangular bandages are made by cutting a piece of linen or calico, not less than
thirty eight inches square, diagonally into two pieces, A triangular bandage has
three borders. The longest is called the “base” and the other two the “side”. There
are three corners; the upper one (opposite the base) is called “point” and the other
the “ends” .

The bandage may be applied:-

(a) As a whole cloth spread out to its full extend, e.g., chest bandage.
(b) As a broad bandage made by bringing the point down to the center of the . base and then
folding he bandage again in the same direction .
(c) As narrow bandage made by folding the broad bandage once again in the . same direction .

59
It is sometimes advisable to halve the size of the triangular bandage by bringing the two ends
together before folding it into the broad or narrow bandage.
To secure the ends of a bandage a reef knot must be
used.

For the Shoulder:

Stand facing the casualty’s injured side and place the center of an open bandage on his shoulder,
with the point running up the side of the neck. Fold the hem inwards along the base, carry the
ends round the middle of the arm, cross and tie them on the outer side so as to secure the lower
border of the bandage. Apply anarm sling. Turn down the point of the first bandage over the knot
of the sling, draw it tight and pin it .
For the Elbow:
Bend the casualty’s elbow to a right angle. Fold to narrow bandage, hen inwards along the base
of an open
bandage. Lay the point on the back of the upper arm and the middle of the base on the back of
the forearm; Cross the ends in front of the elbow, then round the upper arm and tie above the
elbow . Bring the point down over the knot and elbow pin it. If it is not advisable to bend the
elbow, a narrow or broad bandage should be used according to the needs of the case.

For the Hand:

place an open bandage under the palm the injury being uppermost with the point away from the
casualty and
the base of the bandage at the wrist. Bring the point over the hand to the wrist and after folding
the inwards along the base of the bandage, pass the ends round the wrist, cross them and finally
tie over the point . Bring the point over the knot and pin it to the bandage over the hand. After
the application of a dressing and bandage for wounds of upper limb, a sling should support the
limb.

For the Knee:

Bend the casualty’s knee to a right angle. Fold a narrow bandage hem inwards along the base of
an open bandage. Lay the point on his thigh and the middle of the base below his knee; cross the
ends behind his knee, then round his thigh and tie above his knee on the front of this thigh. Bring
the point down over the knot and knee and pin it.
If it is not advisable to bend the knee a narrow or broad bandage should be used according to the
needs of the case .
For the Foot:
Place the casualty’s foot on the center of an open bandage, with his toes towards the point. Draw
up the point over his instep, bring the ends forward so that his heel is covered and cross them;
pass the ends round the ankle, cross at back and then tie them in form. Draw the point forward
and pin it to the bandage over the instep.

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MAKING IMPROVISED STRETCHER

USING BLANKLETS AND POLES

IMPRPOVISED STRETCHER USING BLANKLETS AND POLES IMPROVISED STRETCHER USING ROPE

61
3) ESTIMATION - HEIGHT AND DISTANCE

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Learning to Judge Distance
As a means of checking your estimates, learn the
exact length of your pace. If fairly tall, learn to pace
an exact yard, heel to heel. On a quiet road, in a field,
or out on the prairie, begin judging short distances to
various objects, then pacing to check your “guess.”
Gradually increase the distances. Do this in
competition with several other Scouts and you’ll find
it an interesting game. Remember that the eye
measures distance as in an “air line,” from eye to
object, and does not allow for irregularities of the
ground. In other words, ground distance may be
greater than visual distance.
As an aid in making short measurements you should know a number of your personal
measurements. Your known hand-span will often be particularly useful. If fully developed your
measurements will be close to this:
Breadth of thumb, and nail joint of forefinger = 1 inch (2.54 centimeters).
Span of the thumb and forefinger = 6.5″ (or 17 centimeters).
Span of thumb and any other finger = 8.5″ (or 21.6 centimeters).
Wrist to elbow = 10″ (or 25 centimeters).
Elbow to tip of forefinger = 17″ (or 43 centimeters).
Your reach, arms out-stretched, will nearly equal your height.
Some Further Hints
At 1/2 mile or approximately 880 yards (or 800 meters) a man looks a post.
At 770 yards (or 700 meters) the head is not yet visible.
At 660 yards (or 600 meters) the head is visible as a dot.
At 550 yards (or 500 meters) the shoulders appear bottle shaped.
At 1/4 mile, or approximately 440 yards (or 400 meters) movements of the legs can be seen.
At 330 yards (or 300 meters) the face can be seen.
At 220 yards (or 200 meters) buttons and details of clothing are recognizable.
At 110 yards (or 100 meters) eyes and mouth can be seen clearly.
To estimate greater distances, judge the farthest probable distance, then the nearest possible, and
“split the difference.”

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8) SCOUT PACE-

A pace (or double-pace or passus) is a measure of distance used in Ancient Rome. It is the
measure of a full stride from the position of the heel when it is raised from the ground to the
point the same heel is set down again at the end of the step. Thus, a distance can be “paced off”
by counting each time the same heel touches ground, or, in other words, every other step. In
Rome, this unit was standardized as two gradūs or five Roman feet (about 1.48 meter or
58.1English inches). There are 1000 passus in one mille, and a mille was sometimes referred to
as a mille passus.

The Byzantine pace or vema was 2½ feet (pous)

A pace in modern terminology is usually taken as being a single pace rather than a double pace.
It has no formal definition but is taken as being around 30 inches

7. OUT OF DOORS :
Participate in a Troop Wide Game :

Scouts & Guides play wide games for fun & Adventure. Wide game is played over
a wide area may be woody, hilly and rough. The players develop various qualities
such as fearlessness, intelligence, planning, reasoning, observation, organizing etc.
they also learn how to lead and how to be good followers. When on a hike or camp
never miss the opportunity to play a wide game. The scouts and guides should
describe when, where, how they played such wide games. How they enjoyed the
fun & Adventure through such game .

Campfire
Messages from four directions

North

I come from north and bring the message of truth and honesty.

Let all untruths and dishonesty be burnt into ashes in these flames.

South

I come from south and bring the message of love and loyalty.

Let all hatred and disloyalty be burnt into ashes in these flames.

East

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I come from east and bring the message of courtesy and kindness.

Let all discourtesy and unkindness be burnt into ashes in these flames.

West

I come from west and bring the message of peace and purity.

Let all enemity and impurities be burnt into ashes in these flames.

Order : North, South, East and West

CAMPFIRE OPENING AND CLOSING SONG

Camp Fire Opening Song

Camp fire’s burning

Camp fire’s burning
Draw nearer draw nearer
In the gloaming in the gloaming
Come sing and be merry

Camp Fire Closing Song

“Softly at the close of day

As the campfire fades away
Silently each Guide(Scout) should ask
Have I done my daily task
Have I kept my honour bright
Can I sleep guiltless tonight
Have I done and have I dared
Every thing to be prepared

Day is done….
Gone the sun ……
From the sea ,
From the hills ,
From the sky ,
All is well,
Safely rest,

God is nigh.

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 What To Do at Your Camp Fire

By Harold Van Buren

The importance of the camp fire as an institution in a summer camp cannot be over-estimated!
Every incidental of the camping program is a factor in making the camp fire the central attraction
and the greatest joy of the camp. The evening with its gathering shadows, the physical weariness
of the campers, the witchery of dancing flames–all tend to make the gatherings around the
mystic circle the greatest single item in camp life.

It is the psychological time of day; for the boys are a little exhausted with the strenuous activities
of the daily program, and the mind is receptive and susceptible to the soothing influence of a
story or a little entertainment. The gathering of dusk over the far hills and the falling of night
during the happy hour at the fire seem to round off to perfection a day in camp.

For the director or counselor in charge of the fires, there must have been many hard moments of
thought and planning to make the council fire a success. Mere haphazard camp fires cannot
attain their objective nor bring about the results. The fire must be planned, and, in planning,
many things must be taken into consideration. First, the length of time to be occupied by the
fire.

There are as many different kinds of camp fires as there are evenings in which to have them. No
two will work out just the same, and no camp fire will ever work out just as it has been planned.
The director should have his program, carefully outlined, and written on a slip of paper. He
should have in mind half a dozen little things that can be substituted if the mental attitude of the
campers should prove itself not to be attuned to the proposed schedule.

Much Depends on the Start

The opening of the camp fire is naturally of great importance, since it sets the standard for the
whole fire. We have evolved an elaborate ceremonial which occupies about eight minutes for
the opening. However, the opening of the fire must follow one of three lines: Informal, formal
or ceremonial.

The informal opening involves merely gathering around the fire at a call and starting right in
with a certain program. The formal opening begins with a roll call, or a cabin report by
counselors. The ceremonial follows a stated ritual which has been worked out and planned
carefully, and in which all the members of the council fire have a part. This attracts boys far
more than the other types. The juvenile mind is attracted to the ceremonial and ritualistic, and
the more elaborate and complex it is the better they will like it.

The camp fire proper cannot be a standardized process. With us, it consists of some stunts,
games and contests (Indian wrestling, boxing, trick contests, and a hundred other ideas for
competition and amusement). There are more formal stunts, in the form of short vaudeville acts
staged and engineered by various cabins and groups of boys and counselors. These cannot come
very often because of the amount of time involved for practice, the limited ideas of the boys and

69
the fact that this formal camp fire type does not appeal so greatly to the individual boy.

Of course, the camp fire story is a factor of extraordinary importance to the council fire. An
Indian legend always has an appeal, and every director can find literally thousands of them, all
ready for his telling, in the books of Indian lore. An original story about anything at all has an
irresistible lure.

Upon certain occasions we utilize our camp fire period as a time for making plans for hikes and
special occasions. Inasmuch as these things involve every boy in camp, they hold his interest,
even though they fail to furnish the inspiration which the camp fire has within its mystic power.
We do not recommend this, but at times it has a great utility.

Most Depends on the Close

The closing of the camp fire is even more important than the opening. The psychology
underlying the impressive and mystic closing is based upon the fact that directly after the closing
of the fire, the boys go to their cabins and turn in. A solemn, quiet, impressive closing is an
excellent preparation for a quiet, orderly retiring period and a quick trip to the land of sleep.

Underlying all of this, back of all that must be done and the time that must be consumed to make
the camp fires what they should be are the facts that:

The camp fire is the finest and most proper place for instilling a real vital camp spirit.

The camp fire is the easiest and most logical place for building up a healthful camp “pep.”

The camp fire is the camp’s best place for the Director and staff to teach everything or anything.

The camp fire is the finest source of camaraderie and fellowship.

The camp fire should be the place where inspiration of the highest ideals can be effectively carried
through.

Types of Camp Fires

We have ten general types of camp fires at Cherokee. Briefly explained they are:

The Singing Camp Fire: Here the evening is spent in general singing of the ever-popular camping songs,
the camp’s own songs, popular songs, and impromptu verse songs. Everyone sings and the ukuleles,
banjos, mouth organs and mandolins make romantic accompaniment.

The Hiking Fire: In this fire, the secrets and tricks of successful over-night camping are explained and
illustrated by campers and counselors for the instruction of the inexperienced. It gives everyone a
chance to exchange ideas. Often hikes are planned at these fires.

The Pep Fire: We find these are needed once in a while to bring up the camp spirit. During rainy
summers, a pep fire is indispensable. We include a lot of camp songs, and yells. Perhaps a little pep

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talk or two interspersed at the right moments will succeed here when they fail at most other times.

The Instructive Fire: A fire where effective teaching is done is long remembered. As an instance, at one
of our fires this summer, the instruction was in the making of Indian necklaces (of glass beads, bells and
wooden claws). One or two necklaces which had been made were brought out as examples and passed
around. The talk illustrated how to carve a claw from a piece of wood. Within a week, every camper
wore a ceremonial necklace at the fires.

The Game Fire: The Director has at his command many books of interesting little games which can be
successfully played at the camp fire and after a quiet day, a strenuous camp fire assists in stimulating
that “tired feeling.” This means healthy, happy boys.

The Moralistic Fire: Here the central purpose is one or two serious talks from counselors or the
Director. These talks must be most carefully planned and must follow the general plan of “Clean
Sports,” “Playing Fair” and “Living Clean.” Subjects that vitally interest the real boy. This is a hard fire
to put across, but once over it means an everlasting impression on the young minds.

The Impromptu Fire: Here we let the boys plan their own evening. One evening every boy had to do
some stunt, trick, or sing or crack a joke. The hour passed so quickly it hardly seemed possible that it
was over. Another time, different boys suggested things they would like to do. This is a lazy fire, and
one that should not be allowed more than three or four times in a season.

The Story Fire: A good story or two, told or read, never fails to secure and hold attention. We lean
strongly to Indian stories and find that all our boys, from the youngest to the oldest (and even the
staff), enjoy them. There is something about “The Indians” that attracts the boy’s mind, even when it is
housed in a man’s body.

A Plan Fire: Before a long trip, such as our all week trip to Canada, an evening can well be spent in
teaching points of hike sanitation and comfort. Before a baseball game, plans for the entertainment of
the visitors can be made. Before an entertainment, plans and instructions for the event can be handled
at the fire where the whole group is assembled, willing and ready to give undivided attention.

The Cabin Fire: About once a week, it is a great joy to let the boys build their fires before their own
cabins, and spend the evening with their cabin mates. It gives the counselor a chance to know his
worth away from the dominance of the Director. It gives the boys a chance to develop their own ideas,
in a way the big fire does not.

But all in all, the Camp Fire will in years to come play a bigger part in the memories of the
camper than anything else. The happy hours spent around the circle, with the flames leaping
high or the embers glowing red, will live forever in the hearts of the boys, and be ever vivid in
the memories of the Men, our products.

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 Ceremonies Around the Camp Fire

Some Do’s and Don’ts

Plan your program so that it is flexible.

Never wait for a stunt to get ready. If the Scouts are unprepared when called upon, skip them and
return to them later on. There should be no delays between acts.

Endeavor to have as many Scouts take part in the program as possible. When the evening is over every
Scout around the Camp Fire should have taken part in some capacity or other.

Prepare and plan carefully for each program. Make your stunt [skit] assignments in sufficient time to
permit the group which is to put it on to rehearse it carefully.

Remember–An interested group is a well disciplined group.

Do not be afraid to switch your program if you find it fails to go over.

It is inadvisable to permit a stunt to go on without first having previewed it. Young boys, and old ones
for that matter, too often lack the ability to recognize the fine Iine which cannot be passed without
causing offense.

Do not permit “razzing;” it can only cause bad feelings and is poor sportsmanship. Drag the chronic
‘razzer” out of the circle and make him do it better than the “razzee.”

Avoid adult speakers. Your program is by the boys. If you must have speeches impress upon the
speakers the necessity of being brief.

Blend the program. Do not go from an hilariously funny stunt into profoundly serious event. Boys lack
the ability to adjust themselves so quickly. Have your comic event, follow it by an instrumental solo,
then go into your serious number.

Watch your time! It is better to have a brief program which keeps every fellow on his toes than a long
winded one which makes it necessary to blow reveille over the sleeping boys in order to send them to
their tents.

Watch your fire hazards!!

Program Values

The value of the Camp Fire Program may be measured as a general rule in the following ways:

The degree in which the program is planned and carried out by the boys.

The degree in which it is organized around the cabin or tent groups.

The amount of variety in the program.

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The degree in which it is a purposeful experience, with educational and character values, rather than
“just another way to spend an evening.”

The materials suggest dividing the program into

Music , Activity, Educational and character events

Road Safety Rules

Fatalities and accidents on the road occur because someone somewhere is not paying attention to
road safety rules. There are a number of factors that come into interplay while traveling on the
road. There are road safety rules for drivers to follow as well as the pedestrians and other
vehicles.

In this article we will focus on the main road safety rules that everybody o9nt he road needs to
keep in mind.

Road safety rules

• Keep to the left

Keep to the left while driving and allow vehicles from the opposite direction to pass. Most head-on
accidents happen as we fail to keep to the left and stay in the middle of the road. This is one of the most
important road safety rules for drivers.

• Slow done on bends and turn

another mistake most people make is to never slow down on turns and bends. Be all the more cautious
when negotiating bends and sharp turns.

• Move cautiously and slowly during congestion on roads

This is another very important road safety rule that most of us ignore. We should move carefully
especially at the round-abouts and road junctions.

• Wear helmets
Those on bicycles and two wheelers should never go on the road without a helmet. Make sure the
helmet is of superior quality and strapped properly.

• Remain within the speed limit

This is common sense and a common one among road safety rules for drivers. Keep in mind that the
speed limit is related to the traffic condition of the area. If you come within schools and hospitals, just
slow down

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• Maintain the right distance
Often it is seen that collisions occur because adequate distance from the vehicle in front is not
maintained. These are important road safety rules for drivers.

• Understand and follow the road signs

These road safety rules are a must for all to follow, whether walking on the road or in their vehicles. It
can be dangerous for your as well as other people n the road if you have poor understanding of the road
signs.

Keep the above road safety rules in mind while travelling and make the roads safe for yourself
and everyone.

8.SERVICE :
Anti-Litter Campaign
The goal of the Anti-Littering Initiative is to create litter awareness and
to educate residents of all ages. Increasing litter consciousness will
encourage proper garbage disposal and reduce the amount of litter
found in our region.

What can you do?

Reducing litter is everybody’s job. Successful litter control is an ongoing effort that involves the
entire community. Take action!

You can make a difference by disposing of waste in the proper receptacles.One person, one
business, one organization can set a positive example for others to follow.

Get involved with these easy steps:

• Take responsibility
• Get involved in Community Cleanups
• Place garbage in containers with lids
• Cover open loads on trucks
• Recycle
• Reduce and reuse as much as possible
• Donate unwanted items

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How long does litter take to decompose?

Here are some examples:

• Napkin: two to four weeks

• Paper bag: one month
• Cotton rags and paper: two to five months
• Orange peel: six months
• Plastic bag: 10 to 20 years
• Tin can: 50 to 100 years
• Straw: 200 years
• Plastic six-pack rings: 450 years
• Plastic bottle: over 500 years
• Glass bottle: 1 million years

What is litter?

Litter is waste that has not been disposed of properly. It is unsightly and reduces the aesthetic
appeal of the community. It can pose environmental, health and safety concerns. Sharp objects
like broken glass and metals can cause injury to pets and children. Decaying food and pet
droppings can spread disease, putting both humans and animals at risk.

Where does litter come from?

Motorists and pedestrians are responsible for creating between 30-55% of all litter. The rest
comes from household or commercial garbage, construction sites, and loads which are not
properly secured.

Cigarettes are the most littered item in the world, with an estimated several trillion butts
discarded every year - flicked on sidewalks, beaches, trails, roadways, and other public places.
Cigarette filters are made of cellulose acetate tow fibers, can take decades to degrade,may into
water systems, and are known to contain toxic chemicals that can hurt wildlife if consumed.

No matter where litter starts, it moves, from streets and highways to parks and waterways. Wind,
weather, and animals scatter litter around the community into gutters, fence lines, parking lots,
and alleys. Up to 18% of litter can end up in our streams and waterways, which causes
contamination and pollution.

Who litters?

Studies have shown that people of all ages, genders, and social background litter. Whether it is
apathy, indifference, or laziness, litter is a problem.

Studies have also shown that litter attracts litter. If an area is litter-free, people are more likely to
think twice about littering.

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 9. SENSE TRAINING :

Kim's Games

Required:

Paper pencil for each scout.

Various items of interest.

Notes:

This is a traditional observation game.

Instructions:

Collect a number of items and place them under a tarp or sheet.

Have the scouts gather around and uncover the items for 1 minute.

Cover the items and have each scout write down every item he remembers. The one with the most has
demonstrated the best observation and recollection skills.

Alterations:

• Have patrol members combine lists to come up with the best patrol list.
• Give patrols 30 seconds to discuss and prepare before viewing the items and then work together
to make a list.
• Have a guest give a 1 minute talk about some topic of interest and then leave the room. Have
people or patrols make a list of what he was wearing.
• Use ropes of different colors to tie various knots. Have scouts list color of rope and name of knot
it tied.
• Have two leaders and two backpacks, one full of camping items. Leader takes item from pack,
names it, and tosses it to other leader who puts it in his pack. When all items are in 2nd pack,
leader puts it on and leaves the room while scouts write down all the items.
• Send each patrol to a separate room or place where they can not see each other. Each patrol
makes a list of all the other scouts here today, but not on their team.

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 10. PROFICIENCY BADGES :
1. COOK
2. GARDENER
Refer to Proficiency Badge books
11. DISCIPLINE :
Troop Formations:
Lord Baden Powell had a lot of practical experience hence he advised special methods to Scouts
in executing various tasks. In his book ‘Scouting for Boys’ ( campfire yarn-19) he has mentioned
special signals to do various troop formation instead of fiving words of command. This method
has helped in getting the troop and patrols form quickly at public places or on other occasions,
without making noise. This inculcates smartness and good order in scouts and the troop.

• Single line formation

• Close column
• Open column
• File or Rows formation
• Horse shoe formation
• Arrow formation
• Circle formation
• Hollow square

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78
 All Faith Prayer
Prayer

Prayer means communication with God. Prayer will lead us into dependence upon God. A person
completely declared before God “I am nothing” and God is supreme. And declare without God I
am nothing. Prayer involves many aspects. Prayer produces faith. A person with faith without
prayer is like a skeleton less a body. Prayer will lead us to confession. Prayer will lead us to
conviction. Prayer will lead us to conformation. Prayer leads us to declaration. Prayer will lead
us to make decisions of righteousness. Prayer will lead us to stand firm in God. Prayer will lead
us to a victorious life.

Respect of Others’ Beliefs

The Scout Law teaches, “A Scout is reverent. A Scout is reverent toward God. He is faithful in
his religious duties. He respects the beliefs of others.” It is important that Scouts be taught to
recognize the beliefs of other Scouts and to respect those beliefs. Scout outings and activities that
span weekends should include an opportunity for members to meet their religious obligations.
When planning an interfaith service, it is recommended that scripture, prayers, hymns, and all
other parts of the worship be considerate of everyone present—respectful of all religions.

Purposes & Benefits of Multifaith Prayer

Multifaith prayer is an effort to symbolize and actualize the aspiration toward interreligious
unity.

More specifically, multifaith prayer:

• Acknowledges the rich diversity of humankind’s spiritual traditions.

• Affirms the unity and solidarity of the human family while respecting religious differences.

“Unity amidst diversity” is the keyword here.

• Provides an occasion and a safe environment to build and nurture relationships among faith
traditions and among individuals in these traditions.
• Appreciates common ethical values and a common search for truth.
• Exposes individuals to the prayer, meditation, musical and ritual expressions of other religions.
• Inspires common action in the realms of charity, healing, community service, social justice,
scholarship, global issues and spiritual & religious care.
• Provides an occasion to practice interreligious hospitality.

Four All Faith Prayer Meetings I conducted in my Troop

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Court-of-Honour

Court-of-Honour ( COH) of my troop was called for to discuss and decide about the all faith
prayer meetings scheduled to be held by our troop in our vidyalaya premises. The opinions of
various patrol leaders were considered and consulted.

Permission from the Principal

With the minutes of the COH meeting, our troop got the permission from the Principal to hold all
faith prayer meetings in the Vidyalaya premises in the said dates.

Meeting of Scouters

The scoutmaster and assistant scoutmaster of my troop met in the scout room and formed various
committees and fixed in-charges for performing following tasks relating to the conduct of All
faith prayer meetings.

1. Purchase of materials like oil, agarbathi, flowers, thiri, candles and a match box.
2. Xeroxing and distribution of all faith prayer pamphlets
3. Giving practice to the lead group
4. Selection of scouts belonging to different religions
5. Seating arrangement ( cleanliness, bed sheets, notice board etc)

Venue

The venue selected for conducting all faith prayer meeting is our school ………………………. (
that long hall where we used to conduct our scout camp classes). Because the venue chosen

1. Is Calm and quiet

2. Is Away from crowded classrooms
3. Has a pleasant roofing design
4. Has Enough fans and lights
5. Has Sufficient ventilation
6. Has In-built public address system with speakers

Time

The all faith prayer meetings were held between 7:00 am and 8:00 am. The prayer in the morning
after a fresh bath and pure thoughts is always better and fruitful.

Arrangements made at the place

1. The venue was swept clean and kept neat and tidy.
2. Clean bed sheets available in the vidyalaya were spread evenly.
3. Agarbathis were there to spread the fragrance.
4. A big lamp was placed in the front centre.
5. Bunch of flowers were spread around the lamp to beautify it.
6. Candles of different colour wrappers were placed around the flowers.
7. Symbols of various religions were drawn on the floor.

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Selection of Scouts

1. Some scouts who are in the Vidyalaya choir group were given two days practice before the all
faith prayer meeting to lead the prayer.
2. Scouts belonging to different religions were voluntarily invited to offer individual prayer during
the all faith prayer meeting. These scouts were asked to offer their prayer in front of the
scoutmaster to check their voice and verses chosen.

Seating Plan of other scouts

• The bed sheets brought by the scouts and guides were spread over the hall in a symmetrical way
to present a pleasant seating design.
• All the scouts were given a copy of the all faith prayer songs.
• They were all briefed on the way they have to enter the hall and the way they have to exit after
the all faith prayer.
• They were also instructed on the importance of keeping quiet, without talking , during the entire
course of all faith prayer programme.
• All the scouts were asked to remove the shoes and enter the hall
• Two non-scouts were asked to stand near the entrance of the hall to stop the scouts who may
visit the hall after the starting of the all faith prayer.

Notice board

1. The information about the all faith prayer meeting was made available in the S &G Notice board
and general notice board of the Vidyalaya.
2. A separate board mentioning the order of songs to be offered during the all faith prayer was
placed in the hall.
3. The aforesaid special board had symbols of various religions drawn over there by our beloved
scouts.

Outcome / Result / Feedback

1. A peaceful spiritual experience by all the scouts and scouters

2. A growing respect for all the religious beliefs
3. A broad minded attitude to see the goodness of all religions
4. A realisation of the importance of group / common prayer
5. An experience of a serene atmosphere
6. Demand for more such prayers from my scouts

12. COMMUNICATION :

Advantages and Disadvantages of Mobile Phone for Students

There are some Advantage and Disadvantages too of Mobile Phone for Students as Usage
of mobile is becoming very popular in the society. Every individual is seen with a mobile
phone no matter from which class does he belong. China mobile industry is boosting it in
Pakistan by offering cheaper cell phones. In old age, keeping mobile phone was a symbol of
a very rich man and it was very rare. But now a days, keeping cell phone is not a big deal.
Having mobile phone with the students in school, colleges and universities is very common

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now. Parents mostly allow their kids to keep mobile phone so that they can be in contact
with them. But now it’s the responsibility of the students how he uses the mobile phone.
Every technology has its own advantages and disadvantages for Students.Same is the case
with mobile phones. The advantages and disadvantages of this new mobile as a gadget are
the hot topics with great importance.

Advantages of Mobile Phone for Students

• Mobile phones are the source of keeping student’s parents in contact. It is convenient to
communicate with anyone they want to. In case of emergency, they call their parents or any
family members.

• Smartphones are now very common. Internet has provided great benefits to the users.Students
can download books, dictionaries or any other information to their mobile for the purpose of
study.They can download other helping material and tools for their help in education. Students
have wider access as they can get reviews of experts, read blogs and interact with the people of
their field.

• Another advantage of mobile phone is if students get absent or miss some lecture or notes,
he/she can communicate to his friends to inform him with the lecture note or homeworks.

• Mobile phones aids communication. By communicating with different people, they can enhance
and polish their communication skills and get to know more about the people around them.

Disadvantages of Mobile Phone for Students

Talking about disadvantages, there are lot of negative aspects of using mobile phones.

• Using mobile phones in class can distract students from attending class with attention.Playing
games, facebook and other tools can easily distract them.

• Smart phones can impact eyes of the students if use for longer period of time for example while
playing games.

• Talking to friends at late night can make their sleep disturbed. They can suffer from sleep
disorders and will disturb their routine.

• Mobile phones emit special kind of electric waves that can harmful for the students and it can
damage his brain if used for loner period.

• – One of the disadvantage of keeping mobile phones is it stains the brain memory. For
example, student with a mobile phone can use calculator for mathematics. Another perspective
is students do not even remember the mobile number of their parents. Although it has provided
with the convenience but the brains are stained.

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Conclusion

Mobile phone has been a blessing for the humanity and provided high level of ease but if used
properly and sensibly. Parents should take care of their kids that if they are giving them mobile
phones then it should be used beneficially rather than spoiling them.

Internet
Internet is a global network which connects millions of computers all over the world. It has
become very simple and easy in accomplishing all day to day activities which were very time
taking and hard to manage in those days. We cannot think our life without this great invention
called internet. As everything has its pros and cons means both positive and negative effects,
internet also has affected the human lives in both ways. Because of the internet, online
communication has become very easy and simple. The mode of communication in those days
were through letters which was very time taking and hard as one had to travel a long distance.
But now, we just need to connect our internet to open some social networking websites and
opening Gmail or other accounts (Yahoo, etc) to send messages within seconds.

It has reduced the usage of paper and paper works to a great extent by making everything
computerized in the offices (governmental or non-governmental), schools, colleges, educational
institutions, training centres, NGOs, universities, shops, business, industries, railway, metro and
many more. Using this internet we can get all the news time to time from all across the world
from one place. It is very effective and efficient in gathering huge information whether required
for references or activities on any topic within seconds. It has benefited the education, travel and
business sectors to a great level. It has made easy access to the online public libraries, textbooks
or other resources to find relevant topics.

In the earlier time when people were without internet, they had to waste lots of time for any type
of work like standing in the long queues and waiting for their number to get travel ticket. But in
the modern time of internet, one can book train online in just few clicks and get travel ticket
through printout or get a soft copy in his/her mobile. In the internet world, one does not need to
travel a long distance for his/her meeting for business or other purposes. One can attend his/her
meeting online from own office through the use of video calling, conferencing, Skype or using
other tools. It helps in getting admission online in his/her desired school, college or universities,
hiring highly skilled employees and teachers, business transactions, banking transactions,
applying for driving license, money transfer, learning cooking recipes, bill payment, purchasing
anything on free delivery and so many activities.

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 13. PATRIOTISM :
Heritage and Culture of India
A nation that has no cultural heritage is like an orphan who has nothing to feed upon. An
individual human being, a race or a nation must necessarily have certain roots somewhere. India
is deep rooted in the culture of her past—the glorious past. India is a vast country, and centuries
old. It is difficult to sum up her heritage in a few words. Her past has been full of glory. She has
been the birth place of many great men and women. She has given birth to many great
movements in religion, art and literature. These movements have not been limited to India alone,
but they have travelled to other parts of the world. The India of today has a rich past over which
we can look back with pride. Our past has given us a definite way of life, which is typically
Indian and yet universal in approach.

The most prominent feature of India's culture it that it combines many cultures. India is a land of
great variety and many influences have worked to produce modern India. India has shown great
capacity for absorbing what came to her from outside. The base of the Indian civilization was
formed by the coming together of the old Indus Valley Civilization and the Aryan Civilization
came from beyond the North-West frontier of India. It has been repeatedly influenced by other
civilizations, though basically it has recognize the same. The Greeks, the Romans, the Scythians,
the Turks, the Russians, the Arabs and the Europeans left their impression. India's capacity to
abroad was so great that they all became Indian.

British rule in India brought a new element. The industrial civilization of the West brought in her
influences. It produced changes in thought and outlook. The ideas of democracy of the
parliamentary type were brought to India by the West. The English language also was helpful in
bringing us in contract with the modern world by science.

For several hundred years India was weak and came under foreign rule. She lost her vitality. In
ancient times, Indian missions went out, carrying India's religion, language, culture, habits and
art, all over South-East Asia, Western and Central Asia. Ashoka, the great emperor, sent
missionaries to spread Buddhism all over the then known world, some of the oldest books in
Sanskrit drama have been found in the Gobi desert.

The came a period when narrow-mindedness entered Indian ways of thinking. Religion became a
superstition. The ideas of caste cut Indian society into countless divisions. Foreigners took
advantage of these and conquered India.

It was Gandhiji who made Indians aware of their ancient heritage which they had forgotten. He
led us in our struggle for freedom. In this task he put into practice the basic wisdom of ancient
India. That wisdom consisted in freedom from fear and freedom from hatred. To the ideals of
truth and non-violence which had been preached long ago by the wise men of old, he have a new
shape.

Throughout her past India has preached and practiced toleration and understanding. These have
been the basis of Indian religion, philosophy, art and literature. Her sons wet far and wide,
unmindful of the dangers in their ways, to spread this message of peace. By adopting peaceful
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means forgetting our independence, Gandhiji showed the superiority of peaceful methods over
force and violence.

The charms and graciousness of the .Indian way of life endures due to the philosophy of life
which we have inherited from the past. Religion in India is not a thing to be put on and put off
like Sunday clothes. It permeates the whole fabric of Indian life. Whatever we do, however great
or small, is colored with religious sentiments. From the planting of a tree to the establishing of an
industry, all are regarded as pious acts. Training and education, marriage and procreation, birth
and death are all tinged with religious fervour.

It true that our attitude towards life is now rapidly becoming materialistic. The glamour of the
western way of life with its glorification of material prosperity and its wonderful achievements in
the field, of science and technology has modified our aim and ambitions. A new orientation has
been given to Indian life. The ideal now chiefly adored is success or the ability which produces
success. The Quit of success has dazzled our eyes and some of us have started looking down up
to the old traditions and culture. The results, however, have not been very happy. We are losing
our roots. Blind imitation of the west will just make us get lost in blind alley.

However, we must not also resist the winds of change and remain clinging to the past values and
principles of life. We must not close our doors to the influences from the outside world. If those
influences are good, they will strengthen the basic concepts of our culture and so enrich it as to
make it truly representative of the life of our people. What is to be avoided is a blind imitation of
cultures and values. Countries become great not because they have achieved progress in material
things but because they follow noble traditions and base their life on what has been called by
Tagore 'Dharma', or a moral way of life. We should remain true to the real genius of our land, the
quality and habit of mind which has preserved us through the ages.

INDIAN CULTURE AND HERITAGE

One of the oldest and distinctive cultures of the world, the Indian culture is the result of the
country’s rich and long history, ancient heritages, varied demography and unique geography.
The different parts of India, the north, the south, the east and the west make a wonderful display
of their distinctive culture that have fascinated people all over the world.

The language, dance, religions, music, various customs and architecture form the rich culture of
Indian. In fact, the culture of India is perfect combination of varied sub-cultures that are spread
throughout the Indian sub continent along with century old Indian tradition.

Among other things, the different religions are one of them that represent India. The religious
culture of India is one of the most diverse in the whole world. The Indian sub-continent is the
birthplace of various religions of the world, which include Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and
Sikhism. All these religions are collectively called Indian religions. Religions in India play an
important role in the lives of majority of Indian. The religious culture among the various Indians
has been imbibed since the early years of consciousness.

Apart from the major Indian religions, some other important religions like Christianity, Muslims,
Jews, Parsis sects have been living side by side in India from time immemorial and are also
representative of the religious culture of India.

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When talking about religions, the festivals that are the most essential parts of the different
religions of India must be mentioned. Some of the integral festivals that are representative of the
religious culture of India are Holi, Id, Durga Puja, Christmas, Diwali, Guru Nanak Jayanti,
Ramadan and many more.

Since majority of people in India are Hindu, the Hindu culture plays an important role in making
the whole gamut of Indian culture. The different Hindu festivals, the rituals, norms and customs,
cuisine and attire make a perfect display of the Hindu culture of India.

The languages form an important part of the rich culture of India. India is a land of various
languages namely Bengali, Hindi, Sanskrit, Assamese, Kashmiri, Tamil, Urdu, Marathi and
more. In fact, each of the different states of India is representative of the respective language
culture. According to history, one of the oldest languages of India is Rigvedic Sanskrit, which
dates back to 1500 BC.

The society of India is a perfect exhibition of the culture of India. The traditional Indian society
is represented by family, festivals, names, marriages and many more. In this regard it must be
mentioned that marriage is one of the most essential parts of the Indian society. India is rich in its
marriage culture, arranged marriage for centuries have been considered the tradition of the
society of India.

Dance forms in India

Here are some of the most popular dance forms of India :

Chhau: This dance form originated in the region of Seraikella and is performed on the eve
of the spring festival every year. The mask is the main focus of this dance. It is a traditional art
form and is still performed all over the country.

Bhangra: Bhangra is a popular folk dance of Punjab, North India. It is a dance performed
on special occasions like weddings and festivals. The dance symbolizes and reflects the
happiness of the Punjabi farmers.

Mohiniattam: Mohiniattam is one of the major classical dance styles of India. It is an

elegant dance form that originated from the land of Kerela and today, the dance form has spread
to other parts of India as well.

Manipuri: Manipuri is a popular dance of the state of Manipur. The main theme of the
Manipuri dance is the love of Radha and Lord Krishna. In the 18th century the Manipuri dance
blossomed into a classical dance form. /li>

Myriad Emotions: It is a dance form in which myriad emotions are portrayed by the artist
dancers. It originated from the Kuchipudi village, in the Krishna district of Andhra and its origin
dates back to as far as the 2nd century B.C. Innumerable emotions ranging from pride to anger
are expressed.

Odissi Dance: It is one of the oldest classical dances of the country. The dance themes
mainly centers on the eternal love stories of Radha and Krishna. The Odissi dance can be

86
distinguished from other dance form by the colorful costumes, ornaments, dance steps and fine
display of emotions of love and pangs of separation.

Kathakali: Kathakali is a unique dance form of Kerela and dates back to the 17th century.
The themes are mostly religious. The costume of the Kathakali dance is intricate and is one of
the distinctive traits of this dance.

Bharat Natyam: Bahrat Natyam is India’s ancient classical dance style. It originated from
the land of Tamil Nadu and has come a long way since the time of its invention and days in the
temples. This dance form is famous not only in India but also abroad. It is regarded as the most
elegant of all the dance form in India.

Indian Music Forms

Tradition – A story of Strings: The string instruments have reached great heights in recent
times. The endless moments of ecstasy and pleasure one can derive by listening to the soothing
sound of the string instruments, cannot be actually surpassed by any other form of instruments.

Carnatic Music: The carnatic music of the South Indian exposes the rich history and culture
of the past. It is considered to be the richest and oldest music tradition in the world. The south
Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Kerela, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka are famous for their strong
presentation of the Carnatic music.

Hindustani Music: The Hindustani Music has assumed a role of immense significance. It is
based primarily on the raga system, which is a melodic scale comprising of notes. Each raga
acquires a distinctive character of its own. Hindustani music is catchy, rhythmic and takes us to
the depth of the Indian culture.

87
 TRITIYA SOPAN

INDEX

PAGE
S.NO. TOPIC
NO.
PIONEERING :
a) Tie & know the use of the following: Fireman’s Chair Knot, Man
Harness Knot, Bowline on a bite, Draw Hitch.
b) Tie & demonstrate the use of Diagonal Lashing
c) Use another method of whipping other than the one used in Pratham
1
Sopan.
d) Make a Flag Mast of at least three staves with your Patrol and
demonstrate Flag Break.
e) Make a temporary shelter for yourself
f) Know any one method of Splicing: Eye/ Back/Short
. (I) SWIMMING :
(a) Swim fifty metres.
(b) Know the safety rules of swimming and
(c) Know how to deal with cramps.
2 OR
(II) Earn any one of the following Proficiency
Badges:
(i) Athlete (ii) Camel man (iii) Climber (iv) Gymnast (v) Hiker (vi)
Games Leader (vii)Yoga (viii) Cyclist
ESTIMATION :
3 Be able to estimate height, depth, widths, numbers & weights using
recognized methods of estimation.
FIRST - AID :
a) Know how to deal with emergency situations such as Drowning,
Electric Shock, General Shock, Automobile Accidents and Human
Being caught in fire.
b) Treat Choking.
c) Deal with simple fracture of collar Bone, Upper arm, Fore arm, Hip &
4
Lower leg.
d) Treat for Heat Stroke and Sun Stroke
e) Demonstrate CPR (Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation).
f) Place an unconscious victim in the Recovery position.
g) Transportation of victim - One Rescuer & two Rescuers

MAPPING :
Be able to access a GPS Map & use it to follow a given route (or)
Draw a map of the area using Triangulation method with the help of
5
compass or Plane Table method. Or Sketch a map of the route
undertaken for at least four kms by using Road Traverse method or
Gilwell sketch
88
 TALK :
During the Troop Meeting give a talk for about five minutes on any one
of the following subjects :
a) National Integration, b) Child Abuse, c) Substance Abuse,
6
d) Your future Scout Training, e) Gender Equality,
f) Child Education, Child Health, Child Social Security & Child Labour,
g) Free Being Me.

OUT OF DOORS :
a) Plan an overnight Patrol camp.
b) Undertake a day hike of ten kms on foot with Patrol/Troop members.
7 Prepare meals & Tea. Make a report & submit it within a week after the
hike is over. The hike route is to be given by the examiner.
c) Participate in a Night Game.

COOKING :
8 Cook food for your patrol by using Backwoodsman method

. SIGNALLING :
9 Learn Morse Signaling and be able to send and receive
simple messages of ten words
PROFICIENCY BADGES :
10 A. Community worker
B. Citizen
Knowledge :
(a) Knowledge of Scouting in India and WOSM
(World Organisation of Scout Movement)
11
(b) Know and understand the safety measures while using ATM card and
Mobile Phone. Or Using basic electrical / electronic devices,
making out gadgets useful at home, under supervision of a trained Adult
Fire :
Complete any three of the following:
a) Safety precautions with regards to Fire.
12 b) Demonstrate Bucket Chain method of Putting off fire
c) How to tackle Dry Grass Fire
d) Types of fire extinguisher and use thereof.

Service :-
Know and Understand the disease tuberculosis-its
symptoms, treatment and precautionary measures to
13
be preventing the disease, knowledge about DirectlyObserved
Treatments (DOTS).

89
 1. PIONEERING :

Fireman's chair knot

A fireman's chair knot (or simply chair knot) is a knot tied in the bight forming two
adjustable, lockable loops. The knot consists of a handcuff knot finished with a locking half hitch
around each loop. The loops remain adjustable until the half hitches are tightened.

Usage
A fireman's chair supporting a person in a horizontal highline configuratio
configuration

The knot was first introduced by the Victorian chief fire officer Eyre
Massey-Shaw in 1876.

Made with suitable rope by qualified personnel this knot can be used as a
rescue harness capable of supporting a person while being hoisted or
lowered to safety. One loop supports the body, around the chest and under the arms, and the
other loop supports the legs, under the kknees.
nees. Tied towards the middle of a line, one end is used
for lowering and the other end can serve as a tagline, to control the victim's position with respect
to hazards during the descent. A snug fitting of this knot should restrain the victim, even if
unconscious.
onscious. The fireman's chair can also be used to move a victim laterally when used as a part
of a tensioned horizontal highline system.

The fireman's chair knot is considered to be merely a makeshift harness, to be used when
conventional rope rescue techniques are not available. It is rarely used by modern rescue teams.

Man harness knot

Use: The Man harness is a knot with a loop on the
bight for non-critical
critical purposes. This knot is us
used when
multiple people are to pull a load. Typically one end of
the rope is tied to a load, and one man harness knot
per puller will be tied along its length. Each loop is
then pulled by a different person.

How to tie:

1. Lay the rope flat

2. Make a loop in the rope with the running end going beneath the standing part.
3. Pull the running end down so that it crosses over the loop.
4. Pull the bottom of the loop through the gap between the top of the loop and the running end.

WARNING: The Man harness knot must have the loop loaded or it will slip and contract easily.

90
Bowline on a bight
The Bowline on a bight is a knot which makes a pair of fixed-size loops in the middle
of a rope. Its advantage is that it is reasonably easy to untie after being exposed to a
strain. This knot can replace the figure-eight knot when tying into a climbing harness.
However, it is critical to use a strong backup knot with
plenty of tail beyond the knot.

Uses:

This knot can be used to provide a toe hold in the middle of a

rope; to make an emergency bosun's chair; and to create an
upper rope "block" to make a crude purchase by threading the
rope round an anchor point and then back up through the loop. It
is sometimes used in sport climbing to tie into two anchor bolts
independently. This knot is convenient when a dependable loop
is required but neither end of the line is available. It's also commonly used as a seat while being
hoisted as there are two secure loops as opposed to the traditional one loop bowline. In theory,
this knot would make hoisting many people with one line possible. This knot is very popular in
caving as it allows the load to be spread between two anchor points, reducing the stress placed on
them and providing a backup should one fail. Commonly known as the Y-hang it allows for a
free-hang descent and can be easily adjusted to avoid waterfalls or rub points.

As mentioned earlier, this knot can replace the figure-eight knot when tying into a climbing
harness by tying a regular bowline knot and then re-threading it, such as is done with a figure
eight knot. However, it is critical to use a strong backup knot with plenty of tail beyond the knot,
as the knot may untie during long climbs. The advantage of using this knot instead of the figure
eight knot is that it can be easily untied after a severe fall.

How to tie :

The bight of rope is initially used to make a bowline in the usual way (picture on
right). However, the bowline is not completed by going on round the standing end(s)
and tucking the bight back down beside itself. Instead, the bight is opened up to allow
the whole knot to pass through it (see picture on right). When tightened, the bight now
embraces the pair of standing ends

91
Draw Hitch
This is a neat quick-release knot that can
hold a considerable strain. It’s also known
as the Fireman’s Hitch and the
Highwayman’s Hitch. Though there is no
verifiable evidence that it was ever used by
robbers on horseback to unhitch their
horses for a quick getaway, it is ideal for
reliably securing a boat to a mooring (or
horse to a hitching post) with the assurance
that you can easily release the knot with a
simple tug and quickly be on your way.
And all you need is one hand to do it. In
Scout Pioneering, John Sweet describes the
draw hitch as “definitely a fun knot—fun to
make and use.”

In addition to securing the end of a line to a

fixed point, the draw hitch can be tied in
the middle of the line resulting in two ends
of the rope hanging down equally. This
way, a climber can lower himself down using
one end (standing part), and have the ability to
retrieve the rope by tugging on the other end
(free end).

Pioneering Use: When hoisting a large

structure that is not intended for climbing, e.g. a
tall gateway, and the lines you’re using for
lifting and preventing over-pulling are not guy
lines, tie the middle of the hoisting ropes to the
structure with Draw Hitches. Then, when the
structure is standing, these lines can be easily
removed with a simple tug on the free end.

Diagonal Lashing:
Introduction

A Diagonal Lashing is used to bind two poles together that cross each other but do not touch (or
are likely to be pulled apart) when their ends are lashed in place in a structure. Often used for
securing diagonal braces used to hold a structure rigid.

When wooden poles are used in a lattice like structure a combination of Diagonal and Square
lashings is used to hold them together.

92
The Diagonal Lashing can be used to bind poles that cross at an angle of between 90 to 45
degrees. If the angle between the poles is less than 45 degrees a sheer lashing should be used.

Note: If a square lashing was used to bind poles that do not touch the beginning clove hitch
would pull the cross pole towards it causing unnecessary bowing of the cross pole and could also
produce a force that would act along the length of the pole to which the clove hitch is tied. This
could place unnecessary strain on other lashings and cause the structure to twist and fail.

Step by Step Guide

• Tie a Timber Hitch horizontally around two poles

crossed diagonally. Pull tight. Take the working
end around to the back of poles ready for the first
turn.
• Start the wrapping turns on the opposite diagonal
to the timber hitch. Pull the rope tight so that the
poles contact each other. Make three full
horizontal turns around both poles and over the
Timber Hitch. Pull each turn tight as it is made.
• Change the direction of the turns by taking the
rope behindhe poles a the bottom of the lashing
then to the front of the poles at the top. Try to go
around the pole when changing direction to avoid
crossing the first set of wrappings diagonally.
• Make three vertical wrapping turns around the crossed poles tightening each turn before
making the next one. Be sure to keep them parallel.
• Tighten the lashing with a frapping turn by going past and around one of the poles and then
threading the rope alternately behind then in front of each pole. This will help to secure the
lashing.
• Make two more frapping turns, pulling each one tight as it is completed.
• End the lashing with a clove hitch by taking the first half hitch of the clove hitch by going past
and then around one of the poles. Lock the half hitch tight against the lashing by working it tight
and pulling it from below.
• Take a second half hitch around the pole and work it tight against the first so that the clove hitch
is locked tight against the lashing.

West Country Whipping

Pass the twine round the rope and tie an overhand knot.
Repeat behind the rope and tie another. Continue making
overhand knots in front and behind to reach the diameter
of the rope. Finish with a square (reef) knot. Or add more
overhand knots, thread the ends through the rope and trim
them.

93
Sailor’s Whipping
With the end taped or burned, lay the
whipping twine aginst the rope and tightly
wind the twine round until the twine is
secured – usually eight to ten turns. Make a
loop and wind the loop round the rope and
the twine – another eight to ten turns. Pull
tight, & cut the ends off close to the rope.

Make a Flag Mast of at least three staves :

We think this is a particularly good project. There are many occasions when Scouting
is operating in a hall and it is not possible to have an effective flagstaff for flag break.
Things draped from rafters always look like – well – things draped from rafters. It may be
that a Scout display is being staged in the Town Hall or in a Church Hall, and to have the
full effect of the opening ceremony you do need to have a flag break, and that means a
flag pole.

The Wigan Flagstaff has two great merits in our view. It is easy to construct – a patrol should
be able to make a satisfactory job in ten minutes – and it is self-supporting so we do not have to
bore holes in the dance floor or in the Town Council’s mural paintings. It can be put up and used,
taken down, and taken away without causing the least distress even to the most exacting
caretaker.

Just a few words about the construction: –

The sheer lashing by which the height is obtained needs to be very tight. It is a good
idea to drive wedges between the spars to tighten the lashings. Remember that when you
use sheer lashings in this way you start with a clove hitch round both spars. There are no
frapping turns, and you finish with a clove hitch round both spars. If you have the head-
room there is no reason why you should not add another section, but it is as well to
estimate correctly before you build the flag pole. I remember very vividly my first indoor
flag staff put up in a huge Church Hall for a Parents’ Evening. We did some wonderful
lashing, but our enthusiasm was far in excess of our judgement and the evening had to be
spent with a precariously placed flagstaff at an angle of 45° with the flag drooping
disconsolately from it.

94
EYE SPLICE
Unravel enough for 5 tucks. Tape the rope.
Arrange strands. Pass center one under a
standing strand. Pass lower one under lower
adjacent standing strand. Pass the upper strand
under the upper adjacent standing strand.
Repeat this process with the center strand, the
lower strand, and the upper strand. Continue to
create five complete sets of tucks. Pull ti

95
 The Back Splice
Form a Crown Knot by tucking each
strand over its neighbor and back down
beside the standing end. Splice each
strand into the rope by passing it over
and under alternate strands in the
standing end. Three complete tucks –
two more than the one shown here – are
sufficient.

2. SWIMMING:

Swimming is a great form of all-round exercise. It's ideal if you want to be more active and
stay healthy, whatever your age or ability.

Regular swimming can reduce the risk of chronic illnesses, such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes
and stroke. It can also boost your mood and keep your weight under control.

Swimming is a lifelong skill that could

save a life.

Swimming Rules

• Always swim with a buddy.

• Swim only in areas that have a
lifeguard.
• Stay out of the water when you are
very tired, very cold, or overheated.
• Follow all swimming rules posted at
the swimming area.
• Obey the lifeguard’s instruction.
• If you can’t see the bottom of the pool
in the deep end or the water is cloudy,
don’t swim there.
• Avoid swimming at night in unlighted
areas.
• Don’t chew gum or eat while
swimming, you could choke.
• Do not push, shove, or run near the water, horseplay can be dangerous.
• Get out of the water if you see lightning or hear thunder.
• Swim a safe distance away from diving boards and slides. Never swim under them.
• Never swim near a dam or boat ramp.
96
How to deal with cramps :
A cramp is a sudden, involuntary muscle contraction or over-shortening; while generally
temporary and non-damaging, they can cause significant pain, and a paralysis-like immobility of
the affected muscle. Onset is usually sudden, and it resolves on its own over a period of several
seconds, minutes or hours. Cramps may occur in a skeletal muscle or smooth muscle. Skeletal
muscle cramps may be caused by muscle fatigue or a lack of electrolytes such as low sodium,
low potassium or low magnesium.

Treatment
Stretching, massage and drinking plenty of fluid, such as water, may be helpful in treating simple
muscle cramps. With exertional heat cramps due to electrolyte abnormalities (primarily sodium
loss and not calcium, magnesium, and potassium), appropriate fluids and sufficient salt improves
symptoms.

Medication

Quinine is likely to be effective; however, due to side effects, its use should only be considered if
other treatments have failed.[18] Vitamin B complex, naftidrofuryl, lidocaine, and calcium
channel blockers may be effective for muscle cramps. Research has also shown that pickle
"juice" can be an effective remedy based on its high sodium and electrolyte content.
Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) has proven effective in preventing muscle cramps, although data
suggests that effectiveness decreases when taken for more than several weeks.

Prevention
Adequate conditioning, stretching, mental preparation, hydration, and electrolyte balance are
likely helpful in preventing muscle cramps.

97
3. ESTIMATION - HEIGHT AND DISTANCE

98
99
100
 4. FIRST AID :

Drowning
Drowning is defined as respiratory impairment from being in or under a liquid. It is
further classified by outcome into: death, ongoing health problems, and no ongoing
health problems. Drowning itself is quick and silent, although it may be preceded by
distress which is more visible

1. Get Help. Notify a lifeguard, if one is close. ...

2. Move the Person. Take the person out of the water.
3. Check for Breathing. Place your ear next to the person's mouth and nose. ...
4. If the Person is Not Breathing, Check Pulse. ...
5. If There is No Pulse, Start CPR. ...
6. Repeat if Person Is Still Not Breathing.

Electric shock
Electric shock is the physiological reaction, sensation, or injury caused by electric current
passing through the (human) body. It occurs upon contact of a (human) body part with any
source of electricity that causes a sufficient current through the skin, muscles, or hair.

Very small currents can be imperceptible. Stronger current passing through the body may make
it impossible for a shock victim to let go of an energized object. Still larger currents can cause
fibrillation of the heart and damage to tissues. Death caused by an electric shock is called
electrocution

Take these actions immediately while waiting for medical help:

1. Turn off the source of electricity, if possible. ...

2. Begin CPR if the person shows no signs of circulation, such as breathing, coughing or movement.
3. Try to prevent the injured person from becoming chilled.
4. Apply a bandage.

General shock
The circulatory system distributes blood to all parts of the body, carrying oxygen and nutrients to the
tissues. If the circulatory system fails, and insufficient oxygen reaches the tissues, the medical condition
known as shock occurs. If the condition is not treated quickly, the vital organs can fail, ultimately
causing death. Shock is made worse by fear and pain.

Treatment of Shock

DO NOT let the casualty move unnecessarily, eat, drink, or smoke.

DO NOT leave the casualty unattended. Reassure the casualty constantly.

101
 • Treat any cause of shock which can be remedied (such as external bleeding).
• Lay the casualty down, keeping the head low.
• Raise and support the casualty’s legs (be careful if suspecting a fracture).
• Loosen tight clothing, braces, straps or belts, in order to reduce constriction at the neck, chest
and waist.
• Insulate the casualty from cold, both above and below. Contact the emergency service.
• Check and record breathing, pulse and level of response. Be prepared to resuscitate the
casualty if necessary.

The Most Common Causes of Automobile Accidents

Despite the advances in automobile technology and overall vehicle safety strides, automobile
accidents unfortunately still happen. According to the World Health Organization, about 1.24
million individuals will die each year because of traffic crashes, be it on the highway or
roadways.

Moreover, WHO also indicates that road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death for young
people, who are aged 15-29 years of age. Perhaps the more startling piece of information is the
data suggesting that the former figure will rise and around 1.9 traffic fatalities will occur
annually by the year 2020.

With the idea that traffic accidents are not only on the rise, but also causing more deaths, one
should keep in mind the most common causes of automobile accidents. In no short order, here
are the five leading causes of automobile accidents in the United States.

Most Common Causes

• Speeding.
• Drunk Driving.
• Failure to Adhere to Road Guidelines.
• Inclement Weather.
• Inexperience.

When one does not exercise proper caution when driving the results can culminate into an
automobile crash with various degrees of severity.

Human Being caught in fire.

Fires are flames that have gone out of a human being’s control. Fire starts when the temperature
of a material’s ignition turns out to be lower than the temperature of the heat source. Among the
most common causes of fire, the following can be noted: carelessness of people, defects of
electric or heating appliances, self-ignition, lightning, a large number of electric appliances
connected to one socket, etc.

102
If your clothing catches fire:

1. STOP where you are—moving or running feeds air to the flames and worsens the fire.
2. DROP to the floor—if you stand up, the fire can burn your face. ...
3. ROLL slowly on the floor or ground, in a rug or blanket if you can.
4. COOL off as soon as possible with water for first and second degree burns.

Choking :
Choking is the mechanical obstruction of the flow of air from the environment into the
lungs. Choking prevents breathing, and can be partial or complete, with partial
choking allowing some, although inadequate, flow of air into the lungs.

Choking can be caused by:

• Physical obstruction of the airway by a foreign body.

• Respiratory diseases that involve obstruction of the airway.
• Compression of the laryngopharynx, larynx or vertebrate trachea in strangulation.
• Laryngospasm, a temporary closing of the vocal cords, which simulates the feeling of choking.

If the Person Is Conscious but Not Able to Breathe or Talk:

1. Give Back Blows. Give up to 5 blows between the shoulder blades with the heel of your hand.
2. If Person Is Still Choking, Do Thrusts. If the person is not pregnant or too obese, do abdominal
thrusts: ...
3. Give CPR, if Necessary. ...
4. Follow Up.

First Aid to Arm, and Collarbone Fractures

Collarbone Fractures:

A collarbone fracture is commonly caused by indirect force resulting from a fall on an outstretched
hand or the point of the shoulder.

Collarbone fracture due to a direct force are rare.

Symptoms and Signs:

General symptoms and signs of fracture.

Casualty may support the arm on the injured side at the elbow and may keep the head inclined towards
the injured side to relieve pain.

103
Treatment:

1. Gently place the limb on the injured side across the casualty’s chest with the fingertips almost
resting on the opposite shoulder.
2. Place padding between the limb and chest on the affected side.
3. Support the limb and padding in an elevation sling.
4. For additional support, secure the limb to the chest by applying aboard bandage over the sling,
tie the knot in front on the uninjured side.
5. Remove to hospital.

Arm Fractures:

Fractures can occur anywhere along the length of the upper-arm bone or the two forearm bones,
and may involve the elbow and upper arm bone.

Treatment:

1. Place a pad in the person’s armpit.

2. Use a padded splint.
3. Support the lower arm with a narrow pad around the neck and wrist.
4. Use a wide bandage to bind the upper arm to the chest.

Treat for Heat Stroke and Sun Stroke

Heat stroke is a potentially serious medical condition where a person has become so hot that their
body can't cool down and their temperature gets dangerously high.

Sunstroke is a form of heat stroke caused by being exposed to harsh sunlight.

You might think heat stroke and sunstroke are not anything to worry about in this country, but
you’d be wrong.

Although it normally affects people during a heat wave it can also happen if you’re not drinking
enough non-alcoholic liquid and are doing very strenuous physical exercise.

Severe heat stroke is life threatening and is a medical emergency. It happens when a person's
body temperature becomes dangerously high and they are unable to cool down.

Treatment involves lowering the person’s core temperature.

If you think someone is having seizures, is confused or is unconscious because of heat stroke
then this is a medical emergency and you need to call 108. Whilst waiting for help try to lower
their temperature by getting them to a cool, shady or air-conditioned area and removing any
unnecessary clothes.

You could also:

• Wet their skin and fan air over them.

104
 • Apply ice packs to their neck, back, armpits and groin. These are areas rich with blood vessels
close to the skin and cooling them may reduce body temperature.
• Get them to drink water, fruit juice or a sports rehydration drink providing they are conscious
and able to swallow.

Demonstrate CPR (Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation)

1. CALL
Check the victim for unresponsiveness. If the person is not responsive and not breathing or not
breathing normally. Call 108 and return to the victim. If possible bring the phone next to the
person and place on speaker mode. In most locations the emergency dispatcher can assist you
with CPR instructions
2. PUMP
If the victim is still not breathing normally, coughing or moving, begin chest compressions.
Push down in the center of the chest 2-2.4 inches 30 times. Pump hard and fast at the rate of 100-
120/minute, faster than once per second.
3. BLOW
Tilt the head back and lift the chin. Pinch nose and cover the mouth with yours and blow until
you see the chest rise. Give 2 breaths. Each breath should take 1 second.
CONTINUE WITH 30 PUMPS AND 2 BREATHS UNTIL HELP ARRIVES
NOTE: This ratio is the same for one-person & two-person CPR. In two-person CPR the person
pumping the chest stops while the other gives mouth-to-mouth breathing.
Place an unconscious victim in the Recovery position.
If a person is unconscious but is breathing and has no other life-threatening conditions,
they should be placed in the recovery position.
Putting someone in the recovery position will keep their airway clear and open. It also ensures
that any vomit or fluid won't cause them to choke.
The video on this page shows a step-by-step guide to putting someone in the recovery position.
Or you can follow these steps:
• with the person lying on their back, kneel on the floor at their side
• place the arm nearest you at a right angle to their body with their hand upwards, towards the
head
• tuck their other hand under the side of their head, so that the back of their hand is touching
their cheek
• bend the knee farthest from you to a right angle
• carefully roll the person onto their side by pulling on the bent knee
• the top arm should be supporting the head and the bottom arm will stop you rolling them too
far
• open their airway by gently tilting their head back and lifting their chin, and check that nothing
is blocking their airway
• stay with the person and monitor their condition until help arrives

105
Transportation of victim - One Rescuer & two Rescuers

ONE RESCUER
ANKLE PULL The ankle pull is the fastest method for moving a victim
a short distance over a smooth surface. This is not a
preferred method of patient movement.

1. Grasp the victim by both ankles or pant cuffs.

2. Pull with your legs, not your back.

3. Keep your back as straight as possible.

4. Try to keep the pull as straight and in-line

in as
possible.

5. Keep aware that the head is unsupported and

may bounce over bumps and surface
imperfections.

SHOULDER PULL The shoulder pull is preferred to the ankle pull. It

supports the head of the victim. The negative is that it
requires the rescuer to bend over at the waist while
pulling.

1. Grasp the victim by the clothing under the

shoulders.

2. Keep your arms on both sides of the head.

3. Support the head.

4. Try to keep the pull as straight and in-line

in as
possible.

BLANKET PULL This is the preferred method for dragging a victim.

1. Place the victim on the blanket by using the

"logroll" or the three-person lift.

2. The victim is placed with the head approx. 2 ft.

from one corner of the blanket.

3. Wrap the blanket corners around the victim.

4. Keep your back as straight as possible.

5. Use your legs, not your back.

6. Try to keep the pull as straight and in-line

in as
possible.

106
ONE-PERSON LIFT This only works with a child or a very light person.

1. Place your arms under the victim's knees and

around their back.

FIREFIGHTER CARRY This technique is for carrying a victim longer distances.

It is very difficult to get the person up to this position
from the ground. Getting the victim into position
requires a very strong rescuer or an assistant.

1. The victim is carried over one shoulder.

2. The rescuer's arm, on the side that the victim is

being carried, is wrapped across the victim's legs
and grasps the victim's opposite arm.

PACK-STRAP CARRY When injuries make the firefighter carry unsafe, this
method is better for longer distances than the
one-person lift.

1. Place both the victim's arms over your

shoulders.

2. Cross the victim's arms, grasping the victim's

opposite wrist.

3. Pull the arms close to your chest.

4. Squat slightly and drive your hips into the victim

while bending slightly at the waist.

5. Balance the load on your hips and support the

victim with your legs.

107
TWO RESCUERS
HUMAN CRUTCH/ For the conscious victim, this carry allows the victim
TWO-PERSON DRAG to swing their leg using the rescuers as a pair of
crutches. For the unconscious victim,, it is a quick
and easy way to move a victim out of immediate
danger.

1. Start with the victim on the ground.

2. Both rescuers stand on either side of the

victim's chest.

3. The rescuer's hand nearest the feet grabs the

victim's wrist on their side of the victim.

4. The rescuer's other hand grasps the clothing of

the shoulder nearest them.

5. Pulling and lifting the victim's arms, the

rescuers bring the victim into a sitting position.

6. The conscious victim will then stand with

rescuer assistance.

7. The rescuers place their hands around the

victim's waist.

8. For the unconscious victim, the rescuers will

grasp the belt or waistband of the victim's
clothing.

9. The rescuers will then squat down.

10. Place the victim's arms over their shoulders so

that they end up facing the same direction as
the victim.

11. Then, using their legs, they stand with the

victim.

12. The rescuers then move out, dragging the

victim's legs behind.

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FOUR-HANDED SEAT This technique is for carrying conscious and alert
victims moderate distances. The victim must be able to
stand unsupported and hold themselves upright during
transport.

1. Position the hands as indicted in the graphic.

2. Lower the seat and allow the victim to sit.

3. Lower the seat using your legs, not your back.

4. When the victim is in place, stand using your

legs, keeping your back straight.

TWO-HANDED SEAT This technique is for carrying a victim longer distances.

This technique can support an unconscious victim.

1. Pick up the victim by having both rescuers squat

down on either side if the victim.

2. Reach under the victim's shoulders and under

their knees.

3. Grasp the other rescuer's wrists.

4. From the squat, with good lifting technique,

stand.

5. Walk in the direction that the victim is facing.

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CHAIR CARRY This is a good method for carrying victims up and down
stairs or through narrow or uneven areas.

NOTE: The chair used should be a sturdy one.

Don't use aluminum beach chairs, resin patio
chairs, swivel chairs, or lightweight folding chairs.

REMEMBER: Chairs with wheels can be used to roll

the victim, but should not be used for a carry.

1. Pick the victim up and place them or have them

sit in a chair.

2. The rescuer at the head grasps the chair from

the sides of the back, palms in.

3. The rescuer at the head then tilts the chair back

onto its rear legs.

4. For short distances or stairwells, The second

rescuer should face in and grasp the chair legs.

5. For longer distances, the second rescuer should

separate the victim's legs, back into the chair
and, on the command of the rescuer at the
head, both rescuers stand using their legs.

IMPROVISED STRETCHER This technique requires two poles/pipes strong enough

to support the victim's weight and at least two shirts.

REMEMBER: Rescuers should not give up clothing

if, for any reason, this might affect their health,
welfare, or reduce their effectiveness.

1. While the first rescuer is grasping the litter

poles, the second rescuer pulls the shirt off the
head of rescuer one.

2. All buttons should be buttoned with the possible

exception of the collar and cuffs.

3. The rescuers then reverse the procedure and

switch sides.

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5. MAPPING :

111
112
113
 6. TALK :

National Integration

India has many races, nationalities, castes, subscastes and communities but so far the hear of India
is concerned it is one. It is true that societies that have been integrated into bonds of unity have
always enjoyed peace, stability, prosperity and permanence. And those torn by mutual distruptive
tendencies among various sections of the society have always been short lived and become non-
existent. The national integration is the process of uniting different people from all walks of life
into a single whole. The most serious problem being faced by India in present circumstances is,
how to develop an atmosphere of national consciousness among so varied a people.
Indians already have suffered for long periods, the pangs of enslavement and servitude. It is India
in the whole world which has to suffer under foreign rulers for more than seven hundred years. The
separatist tendencies among people and kings have always resulted in the fall of our kingdoms. Our
country was always divided into large number of small kingdoms which were mostly at daggers
end. There has been a lack of national consciousness. The internal disputes among the Rajput kings
allowed Muslim invaders to establish their foothold here. Then the Britishers were able to create
rifts between various kings and princes and thus established their supremacy. It was only
overthrown when Indian nationhood joined together by unparalled acumen of some great Indian
leaders who became creators of history.
There is a need to make efforts for creating emotional integration or a sense of unity. The need of
the hour is national integration. It should be taught at the very beginning, in all schools and colleges
all over the country that India is one and only one. The difference between various cultures are just
superficial and basically it is only one. What is needed is superior interpretations, synthesis of the
power of the mind that can give rise to a vision of the whole and oneness. The school and college
teaching material should be suitably revised wherein importance and need of oneness should be
emphasised. From one end of the country to the other end, regular long distance tours must be
conducted so as to foster emotional integration among the young students of our country. Steps
must be taken to see that, there are no sectional appeals so that disunity among the people does not
increase manifold.
To bring about national integration, there are many techniques. It can be forced out, or can be made
to strengthen from within the core of hearts. The result by way of exercise of power would always
be weak, unsuccessful and it would be for a temporary phase only. But when the sense of national
integration stems from within, it would be strong stable and ever-lasting.
British government brought about national integration by way of their needs. For the first time
during the British rule, the whole of India came to be governed from one centre and all regions of
the country from West to East and South to North obeyed instructions and advice from the central
power. This was because the God of freedom was the same and realized all over the country. The
national unity became more emotional when the country fought a united struggle for freedom.
Emotional integration is the basic foundation on which the main structure of national integration
can be created.
There is a rich cultural heritage in India. All of us are inheritors to several grand treasurers in the
fields of music, dance, drama, fine arts and paintings, sculpture and theatre. Our seers and sages
have left behind a tradition of piety, penance, conquest of passion and spiritual greatness. Our
cultural unity is further exemplified by the great temples of the South, the caves of Khajuraho and
Ajanta and Ellora which are glittering examples of proficiency of India in the field of architecture
and sculpture. India classical music is built on the concept of ragas and talas. Each raga is regarded
appropriage to a certain emotion, a certain mood suitable for a specified time of the day or night. In
the modern times, people like Pandit Ravi Shanker have taken the Indian music to great heights in
the whole world and thus have bridged the gap between the East and the West in the field of music.
114
Today the intellectuals of Indian society can give the right direction as the country is standing at the
crossroads of failures and achievements. The intellectuals must come out of their narrow cells of
detachment and awake up to their responsibilities towards the general masses. Through national
integration, we will prosper and flourish and dominate the others who are characterized by divisive
forces. We will carry with us, a power and strength, solidity and solidarity and an element of
cohesiveness which will impart to us further permanence and stay in present struggling world.

7. OUT OF DOORS :

PATROL SPL :
CAMP DATES : LOCATION

HEAD ASST HEAD ASST

COOK COOK CLEAN CLEAN
FRI NIGHT
SAT
BREAKFAST
LUNCH
DINNER
SUN B.FAST
LUNCH
DINNER

MENU:
FRIDAY NIGHT

SATURDAY BREAKFAST

LUNCH

DINNER

SUNDAY BREAKFAST

LUNCH

DINNER

MEMBERS OF PATROL
PL:
APL :

NOTES:
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Patrol Hike : This is an alternative for Outdoor meetings.
“ No scouting without outing “. In fact scouting is an outing – ‘science of outing’. Hiking is an
opportunity for fun and adventure in outdoor life.
Scouts & guides explore nature , know the new land, its villages, hills, forests and plains. Hiking
makes us hard and healthy. We have to face the odds of nature also. It is really enjoyable. Our mind
becomes open and free we learn many new things from an experience of hiking. We learn the value
of co-operation, use common sense, develop and apply scouting skills, help one another and
achieve something at the end of a hiking trip. A scout goes with a patrol in uniform on foot in a
new land for about 15 kms as per the instructions of their scout master and do activities like
observations. Good turns , flag break, pioneering work, nature study, meeting people, gathering
information, cooking etc and return as per the given route and time. This is called a patrol hike. It is
to be done in a scouts way. In the beginning it is only a day hike i.e., the whole hike is over during
the day time may be 6 hours or more. The hikers have to take all necessary things with them. Make
a list of the kit as per the time and activities given. Also keep in mind the weather, the route etc.
don’t forget to take a compass, note book and pencil, map, cord, first aid kit, utensils, food material
etc.

Troop Night Game:

The scout troop or the guide company should play a night game. In a troop camp we have a nice
opportunity. Play hide & seek, catch the light holder, catching the shadow in the moon light etc.,
during night. It will make you bold. Our observation power will increase.

8. Cooking :
Backwoodsman Cooking
Backwoodsman cooking has been dubbed as one of the toughest section after Pioneering. Nevertheless, there are
many failures in this section, so a good foundation in the basics of backwoods cooking is necessary for Scouts. The
secret to successful backwoods cooking is to build a good fire that will provide hot embers, for it is on embers that
we cook - not flames. One of the problems with embers is that they tend to become cool after a short while. The
keyhole fire solves this problem. Build the fire in a large circle area and pull the hot ashes through into the smaller
circle where the cooking takes place, as they are needed. A two inch bed of ashes is required for successful
backwoods cooking, use beech or oak logs, as these will give longer lasting embers. Charcoal can also be used and it
will hold the heat longer than wood embers. Aluminium foil can be used if you want to take the easy way
out. With it, it is possible to construct pots and pans for cooking food or you can place your food in an
aluminium foil envelope. The pioneers and backwoodsman of the past used only those materials that could be found
locally for creating cooking utensils. They often used leaves and clay as well as ingenious cooking spits and holders
made from green twigs and branches ( green twigs and branches are less likely to go on fire and are pliable so they
can be worked).

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HYGIENE

Although backwoods cooking is considered to be primitive in approach your food hygiene methods
should not be. Wash all food before use and keep covered until you intend to use it. Take care not to burn food and
avoid cooking the food quickly in a flame. Make sure all the food is properly cooked, thus the need for slow cooking
over embers. Quick cooking will cause the food to cook on the outside and be raw inside. Clean up the area used
after you are finished and dispose of all food scraps carefully. Don't forget to clean your hands also after you have
finished eating as it is likely that it will be your hands that you use to hold and eat the food with.

COOKING METHODS ROASTING

For this method you will require a good bed of embers. For large animals and birds you will need a spit
construction over the fire. For smaller animals and fish, the best way, is to peg them out on a board or a flat piece of
wood and stand this next to the fire to form a kind of reflector.

BAKING

This method is useful if you want to cook a meal while you are away - a bit like a hay box oven. Dig a pit around
60cm (2 feet) deep and 60cm (2 feet) across. Now light a fire in the bottom of the pit. Place a thin layer of soil on top
of the embers then place a number of leaves ( cabbage leaves are best ) on top of the soil . Now place you food on
top of the leaves covering it with more leaves. Cover this with more soil and then light a fire on top of it. It will take a
hour or more to cook this food depending on how big the food is you are cooking. Another way of baking food
is to wrap your food in leaves or grass and then in mud. Then bury it in , or surround it with, a fire, and
leave it for an hour or more. When you break open the cast of clay, you will find that the grass has kept the food
moist.

GRILLING

For this method, you will need some kind of grill which can be made from green sticks, and a hot bed of embers.
The disadvantage of grilling food is that it tends to dry out.

FRYING

You will need some form of pan or grill base, usually a flat stone which is place in the fire to heat it up . The stone is
then cleaned off and food fried on it. It may be necessary to place small pieces of twig around such things as eggs to
stop them rolling off the stone.

BOILING

You will need some form of container. It is possible to use a paper bag to boil up water the trick is to ensure that the
heat only touches that part of the bag that has liquid behind it to absorb the heat. In stone age times a water hole was
created. Into this hole were placed hot stones, heated on a fire nearby. This resulted in heating the water and thus
boiling the food.

CONTAINER COOKING

It is possible to use food as containers for other foodstuffs, such as, orange skins in which eggs can be cooked.
Onion 'shell' created by cutting an onion in half and scooping out the core of the onion and leaving three or four
shins in place to form a container. You can also use potatoes or pineapples in the same manner

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SIMPLE RECIPES

Orange eggs Cut an orange in half and eat out the contents without breaking the skin. Break an egg into the orange
shell and place on embers and allow to cook. When done, eat from container. Onion eggs Cut the onion in half after
removing the outer skin. Remove internal contents except for the remaining three outer layers. Break egg into shell
and place on embers. When cooked eat the onion container as well assist contents after removing the outer scorched
layer. Spud egg Halve a large potato. Hollow one half. Break egg into hollow. Pin two halves of potato together
with small sticks and roast in hot embers. Twists Mix flour, water and a pinch of salt together to form a thick dough,
adding raisins and sultanas if you like. Make a snake like roll of the dough and twist this snake like fashion on a thick
green stick ( with bark removed). Support it over glowing embers turning occasionally until the outside turns golden
brown. Instant hot dogs Lay sliced onion on a cabbage leave add a sausage or two and place more onions on top.
Wrap up the cabbage leaf tightly and secure with a number of small green sticks. Place in embers for about 7 - 10
mins turning occasionally . Boiling You will need some form of container. It is possible to use a paper bag to boil up
water. The trick is to ensure that the heat only touches that part of the bag that the liquid is in contact with so it can
absorb the heat. In stone age times a water hole was created, into this were placed red hot stones, heated on a fire
nearby. Container cooking It is possible to use food as containers for other foodstuffs such as orange skins in which
eggs can be cooked. Onion Skins 'shell' created by cutting an onion in half and scooping out the centre leaving 3 or
4 skins to form a container. You can also use potatoes or pineapples in the same manner. Baked potato Perhaps the
easiest to cook backwoods . Take a potato and place it in the embers of the fire. When it is cooked , after about 25 -
30 mins slice open the skin and place a piece of cheese or butter on top. Simple Kebab Remove the bark from a
green stick and onto it spear slices of bacon, mushrooms, sausage, carrot, tomato, peppers, pieces of pork. Support
the skewer over glowing embers turning occasionally. Eat when the meat is crisp and golden brown.

FISH

It will be necessary for you to clean and gut any fish before you cook it. The fish should be cleaned thus:- Wash the
fish thoroughly in clean water Remove the scales by scraping with the back of a knife( that is not the shape edge),
working from the tail towards the head. Cut the spine at a point just behind the gills and tear the head off with a
steady, slow. forward motion. If you are careful, the fish innards will come out with it. ( Dispose of carefully) Slice
the belly open from tail to gills and thoroughly clean the inside. Finally, cut of the fins and tail and cook as desired.

COOKING METHODS FOR FISH

Wrap method - wrap fish in grass and cover in mud and place on fire. Or wrap fish in cabbage leaf and pin together
a with small twigs and place on fire. Planked method - Pin the fish flesh side forward on a plank or piece of flat
board and

cook be reflected heat, place a knob of butter on the fish when it is cooking and later a splash of lemon - delicious.
Broiling method - Construct a broiler as shown and place your fish in it cook of hot embers turning regularly. Fish
cook very quickly so be careful you do not burn them.

MEAT AND BURGERS

Meat and burgers can be cooked by a number of methods some of which are described above such as the Kabob
method or the wrap method whereby the meat is wrapped in cabbage leaves. Meat may also be cooked using a
broiler or by frying on a hot stone.

Burgers in leaves

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Place three layers of cabbage leaves directly onto the hot embers and put the burgers or mince patties on top of them.
After approx. 10 minutes, turn the meat over, putting it onto three new cabbage leaves. Repeat this process until the
meat is cooked.

Note: Cabbage leaves can replace foil in most instances when using backwoods cooking recipes. It
is important that at no time should rhubarb leaves be used, as they contain a highly poisonous resin.

INSTANT OVEN

You will need about 1.5 meters of foil and a number of green sticks. Fold the sheet of foil in half and peg one end to
the ground with the bottom of a stick in each corner at the end. Fold the foil in half and bring the free end up,
attaching it to the top of the two sticks as shown. Place the food on the bottom half of the foil and light your fire by
the open end of the reflector oven.

9. SIGNALLING :

Morse Signaling :
Morse code is a method of transmitting text information as a series of on-off tones, lights, or clicks
that can be directly understood by a skilled listener or observer without special equipment. It is
named for Samuel F. B. Morse, an inventor of the telegraph. The International Morse Code encodes
the ISO basic Latin alphabet, some extra Latin letters, the Arabic numerals and a small set of
punctuation and procedural signals (prosigns) as standardized sequences of short and long signals
called "dots" and "dashes", or "dits" and "dahs", as in amateur radio practice. Because many non-
English natural languages use more than the 26 Roman letters, extensions to the Morse alphabet
exist for those languages.

Each Morse code symbol represents either a text character (letter or numeral) or a prosign and is
represented by a unique sequence of dots and dashes. The duration of a dash is three times the
duration of a dot. Each dot or dash is followed by a short silence, equal to the dot duration. The
letters of a word are separated by a space equal to three dots (one dash), and the words are
separated by a space equal to seven dots. The dot duration is the basic unit of time measurement in
code transmission. To increase the speed of the communication, the code was designed so that the
length of each character in Morse varies approximately inversely to its frequency of occurrence in
English. Thus the most common letter in English, the letter "E", has the shortest code, a single dot.

Morse code is used by some amateur radio operators, although knowledge of and proficiency with
it is no longer required for licensing in most countries. Pilots and air traffic controllers usually need
only a cursory understanding. Aeronautical navigational aids, such as VORs and NDBs, constantly
identify in Morse code. Compared to voice, Morse code is less sensitive to poor signal conditions,
yet still comprehensible to humans without a decoding device. Morse is, therefore, a useful
alternative to synthesized speech for sending automated data to skilled listeners on voice channels.
Many amateur radio repeaters, for example, identify with Morse, even though they are used for
voice communications.

In an emergency, Morse code can be sent by improvised methods that can be easily "keyed" on and off,
making it one of the simplest and most versatile methods of telecommunication. The most common
distress signal is SOS or three dots, three dashes, and three dots, internationally recognized by treaty.

119
10. PROFICIENCY BADGES :

1. Community worker
2. Citizen

Refer to Proficiency Badge books

120
 11. KNOWLEDGE :

History of Scouting in India

Genesis of scouting in the world:

The Boy Scout Movement took a start in the United Kingdom when Lord Baden Powell (Robert
Stephenson Smyth Baden Powell) organised a Scout Camp at Brown sea Island on 1907 and the
‘Scouting for Boys’ was published in 1908. The movement spread quickly in United Kingdom and
other countries of the world.

Scouting / Guiding in India before 1950:

The first Scout Troop in India, consisting of Indian Boys, was formed by a Scottish Missionary, in
the Central Provinces (present Madhya Pradesh) in 1908. However, the troop was disbanded in
1910. The common confirmed date, however, for the start of Scouting in India is 1909, when three
troops for British boys were started at Bangalore, Kirkee and Jabalpur.

This list of three Scout Troops increased to nine different Boy Scout Organisations in early 1911 in
Shimla, Calcutta (present Kolkata), Jabalpur, Allahabad, Bangalore, Poona, Kirkee, Saidpur and
Madras (present Chennai).

Efforts were made to merge all the Boy Scouts Organisations with the help and assistance of Lord
Baden Powell in 1921. These efforts were partly successful. An endeavor was again made in 1937.

The Girl Guide movement got a start in India at Jabalpur (M.P.) In 1911. It expanded enormously.
There were about 50 girl guide companies with a membership of over 1200 by 1915. There
companies were directly registered with imperial scout headquarters, London, like other Scout
organisation. But an All India Girl Guides Association was formed in 1916. Girl Guiding was
restricted to British Girls till 1916.

Unification of Scouting and Guiding

There were scattered organisations during the pre-independence era. However, serious efforts
made by leaders like Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru, first Prime Minister of India, Maulana Abul Kalam
Azad, the then Education Minister, Govt. of India, Mr. Mangal Das Pakwasa, the then Governor of
C.P. and Scout Leaders like Dr. H. N. Kunzru, Pt. Sri Ram Bajpai, Justice Vivian Bose. Final
merger took place on 7th November 1950 under the name of the Bharat Scouts & Guides. The Girl
Guides Association joined the Bharat Scouts & Guides a year later in 15th August 1951.

The Bharat Scouts & Guides was housed in small rooms in Regal Building, Connaught Place,
New Delhi. It shifted to its new building at 16, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, New Delhi in the year 1963
– 64.

The Bharat Scouts & Guides has extended since 1950 enormously in quantitative and qualitative
terms.

World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM)

The World Organization of the Scout Movement is a worldwide, non-profit and non-partisan organisation
of over 40 millions members, male and female, operating through a network of local groups supported by
National Scout Organizations in 161 countries. For over one hundred years the Scout Movement has
contributed to building a better world through the personal commitment of hundred of millions of women
and men living up to their Scout Promise. Scouting’s mission is to contribute to the education of young
people through a value system based on the Scout Promise and Law, and to help build a better world
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where people are self-fulfilled as individuals and play a constructive role in society. This is achieved by: -
Involving them throughout their formative years in a non-formal educational process - Using a specific
method that makes each individual the principal agent of his or her development as a self-reliant,
supportive, responsible and committed person - Assisting them to establish a value system based upon
spiritual, social and personal principles as expressed in the Promise and Law. Recognising today’s
problems, World Scouting is prepared for future challenges: building on its experience, it looks toward the
future with renewed enthusiasm as new generations of girls and boys join in to “play the game” that will
make them the future leaders of social change, breaking the barriers, and building Peace.

• Website https://www.scout.org

Safety measures while using ATM card :

• Observe your surroundings before using an ATM. ...

• Shield the screen and keyboard so anyone waiting to use the ATM cannot see you enter your PIN or
transaction amount.

• Put your cash, card and receipt away immediately. ...

• If you see anyone or anything suspicious, cancel your transaction and leave immediately

Safety measures while using mobile phones :

• USE A HEADSET OR SPEAKER. Choose either wired or wireless. ...
• WHEN IN USE, HOLD PHONE AWAY FROM YOUR BODY.
• TEXT MORE, TALK LESS. Phones emit less radiation when sending text rather than voice
communications.
• CALL WHEN THE SIGNAL IS STRONG. ...
• Don't store your phone in your pocket (or under your pillow)
• Don’t make calls while charging

12. FIRE :
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WITH REGARD TO FIRE

A large part of scouting is going on camping trips, and there are few things as pleasant during a
camping trip as sitting by a fire, telling stories, roasting marshmallows, and enjoying the warmth
and glow of the flames. However, to fully enjoy this experience and to ensure that you do not lose
control of the fire, you need to observe some basic fire safety rules. By building, tending and
extinguishing a fire safely, you can ensure that you are upholding your promise as a scout to treat
nature with respect.

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Location
Whether in a remote area or within the confines of a scout camp, where fire pits may already be on-
site, you need to ensure that the location of the fire is suitable. Remove all burnable debris, twigs
and leaves in a 10-foot diameter circle from the spot where you plan to build your fire. This will
help to ensure that the fire cannot spread easily. Make certain you do not build the fire in an area
with overhanging branches or old stumps nearby. Be sure to have water and a shovel nearby so that
you can extinguish the fire quickly if necessary.

Building a Fire

The fire-making process should be supervised by the scout leader. A fire does not have to be large
to provide warmth. A good bed of coals and some stones surrounding the fire will produce plenty
of heat. Use small twigs and leaves to start the fire and add bigger pieces of wood as the fire grows.
Point the largest pieces of wood toward the center of the fire and push them inward as they burn.
Keep any additional wood stacked a safe distance from the fire. Even small gusts of wind can cause
a fire to spread. Never run or play around a fire. You must always remember the potential harm that
fire can cause and treat it respectfully. Never leave a fire unattended.

Extinguishing the Fire

Use plenty of water to douse the fire. Use a shovel to stir the coals so that you can be certain there
are no remaining embers. Mix in dirt with the water and stir the embers some more. Repeat this
process until you can safely touch the remnants of the fire with your bare hands. Be sure to clean
the area around the campfire and leave the site ready for others to enjoy. Scouts should always
remember that the goal is to leave a natural area as if you had never been there.

Bucket Chain method of Putting off fire :

• Make 2 rows of scouts & Guides facing each other

• One row will send buckets full of water towards the end where fire is, the other row will
carry back the empty buckets for filling again.
• The bucket should move from hand to hand at a constant speed. The water should not
spill.
• Water should be thrown at the fire continuously.
• Interchange the work of rows to give a rest.

To tackle Dry Grass Fire :

• Take away dry grass from all sides
• Spread the burning grass by hitting with a stick
• Sprinkle water over the fire.
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 13. SERVICE :
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(MTB). Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. Most
infections do not have symptoms, in which case it is known as latent tuberculosis. About 10% of
latent infections progress to active disease which, if left untreated, kills about half of those infected.
The classic symptoms of active TB are a chronic cough with blood-containing sputum, fever, night
sweats, and weight loss. The historical term "consumption" came about due to the weight loss.
Infection of other organs can cause a wide range of symptoms.

Tuberculosis is spread through the air when people who have active TB in their lungs cough, spit,
speak, or sneeze. People with latent TB do not spread the disease. Active infection occurs more
often in people with HIV/AIDS and in those who smoke. Diagnosis of active TB is based on chest
X-rays, as well as microscopic examination and culture of body fluids. Diagnosis of latent TB
relies on the tuberculin skin test (TST) or blood tests.

Prevention of TB involves screening those at high risk, early detection and treatment of cases, and
vaccination with the bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine. Those at high risk include household,
workplace, and social contacts of people with active TB. Treatment requires the use of multiple
antibiotics over a long period of time. Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem with increasing
rates of multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).

One-third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. New infections occur in
about 1% of the population each year. In 2014, there were 9.6 million cases of active TB which
resulted in 1.5 million deaths. More than 95% of deaths occurred in developing countries. The
number of new cases each year has decreased since 2000. About 80% of people in many Asian and
African countries test positive while 5–10% of people in the United States population tests positive
by the tuberculin test. Tuberculosis has been present in humans since ancient times.

Signs and symptoms

Tuberculosis may infect any part of the body, but most commonly occurs in the lungs (known as
pulmonary tuberculosis). Extrapulmonary TB occurs when tuberculosis develops outside of the
lungs, although extrapulmonary TB may coexist with pulmonary TB.

General signs and symptoms include fever, chills, night sweats, loss of appetite, weight loss, and
fatigue. Significant nail clubbing may also occur.
Prevention
Tuberculosis prevention and control efforts rely primarily on the vaccination of infants and the
detection and appropriate treatment of active cases. The World Health Organization has achieved
some success with improved treatment regimens, and a small decrease in case numbers. The US
Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening people who are at high risk for
latent tuberculosis with either tuberculin skin tests or interferon-gamma release assays.
Vaccines

The only available vaccine as of 2011 is Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). In children it decreases
the risk of getting the infection by 20% and the risk of infection turning into disease by nearly 60%.
It is the most widely used vaccine worldwide, with more than 90% of all children being vaccinated.

124
The immunity it induces decreases after about ten years. As tuberculosis is uncommon in most of
Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States, BCG is administered to only those people at
high risk. Part of the reasoning against the use of the vaccine is that it makes the tuberculin skin test
falsely positive, reducing the test's use in screening. A number of new vaccines are currently in
development.

DOTS (directly observed treatment, short-course), also known as TB-DOTS, is the name given
to the tuberculosis control strategy recommended by the World Health Organization. According to
WHO, "The most cost-effective way to stop the spread of TB in communities with a high incidence
is by curing it. The best curative method for TB is known as DOTS." DOTS has five main
components:

• Government commitment (including political will at all levels, and establishment of a centralized
and prioritized system of TB monitoring, recording and training).
• Case detection by sputum smear microscopy.
• Standardized treatment regimen directly of six to nine months observed by a healthcare worker or
community health worker for at least the first two months.
• A drug supply.
• A standardized recording and reporting system that allows assessment of treatment results.

125
 RAJYA PURASKAR
INDEX
S.NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.
Ensure Proficiency in the tests undertaken up to Tritiya Sopan.
1
Hold Tritiya Sopan Badge
2

3 Earn Ambulance Man Badge.

Undertake overnight hike for ten kms, along with
group of Scouts of his own Troop and submit report
to the Scout Master within ten days.
Or
4
An overnight cycle hike for thirty kms along with
group of Scouts of his own Troop and submit report
to the Scout Master within ten days.

Work on one of the following for six Months and

submit a report – Kitchen Garden/Roof Garden/
5
Hanging Garden/Nature Collection.

Mapping:
Make a map by using any one of the method not done earlier:
6
Plane Table or Triangulation or Road Traverse

Camp Craft:
A). Be able to pitch, strike and pack a Single/ Double fly tent.
7 B) Splicing - Eye / Back / Short – anyone not done earlier.
C) Make a Patrol Pioneering Project

Proficiency Badges :
1. Sanitation Promoter
8
2. Solar Energy Awareness
3. Literacy
Proficiency Badges
9 1. Cancer Awareness
2. Nutrition Educator
Have knowledge about the BSG website and gain
10 information about your Region.

126
1. Ensure Proficiency in the tests undertaken up to Tritiya Sopan.

2. Hold Tritiya Sopan Badge

127
3. Earn Ambulance Man Badge.

*Refer to Proficiency Badge Books

4. Overnight hike

128
 5.Kitchen garden

Companion planting of carrots and onions

The traditional kitchen garden, also known as a potager (in French, jardin potager) or in Scotland
a kailyaird, is a space separate from the rest of the residential garden – the ornamental plants and
lawn areas. Most vegetable gardens are still miniature versions of old family farm plots, but the
kitchen garden is different not only in its history, but also its design.

The kitchen garden may serve as the central feature of an ornamental, all-season landscape, or it
may be little more than a humble vegetable plot. It is a source of herbs, vegetables and fruits, but it
is often also a structured garden space with a design based on repetitive geometric patterns.

The kitchen garden has year-round visual appeal and can incorporate permanent perennials or
woody shrub plantings around (or among) the annuals.

129
6. Mapping: Plane Table Method
M

CARRYING OUT A PLANE TABLE DRAWING

You will require a tea-chest
chest or box, a drawing board, paper, two ordinary pins,
pencil and ruler.
To carry out the survey, you must first estimate the main dimensions of the field
and fix a scale to suit the drawing (e.g. if the field is 100 m square, and the paper 40
cm square, the maximum scale would be 1 cm : 3 m, leaving room for a 5 cm margin all
round.)
Next, decide on the position of two sighting points near the center of the area and
measure the distance between them accurately. Mark point “A” on your paper with a
pin. Set up your Plane Table at point “A”, and take sight with a second pin on point
“B”. With a ruler draw a line from the first pin through the second pin and mark off
datum line to scale, thus fixing the actual position of point “B” on the drawing paper.
Now without moving the drawing board, take sights on other features (tents, trees,
gate etc.), moving a second pin to give you an accurate
accurate reading, and noting down the
names of features. With a ruler draw lines from point “A” through the pin-pricks.
pin pricks.
When all features have been plotted from point “A”, move plane table to point “B” and
take sights from there, STARTING BY TAKING A SIGHT ALONG THE DATUM
LINE TO POINT “A”.
Where the sighting lines cross is the position of each feature.

130
Your field sketch will look something like this:

Later you could elaborate your drawing and rub out the pencil lines and rough notes,
or, better still, transfer the pinpricks to a clean sheet of drawing paper and make a
finished drawing in greater detail.
A plane-table
table survey plan of the summer campsite, framed in natural wood grown on
the spot, would make a novel wall-decoration
wall decoration for the patrol corner or den, and should
be good for a lot of points in any patrol competition.
Note that in carrying out this plane-table
plane table survey, you have applied the principle of
triangulation, which is the
e basis of all mapmaking and cartography.

ZPHS NAGAMPET, MDL: GAMBHIAROPET, RAJANNA SIRCILLA

7. Camp Craft:

Tent Pitching :
Pitching a tent is the process of putting the tent up correctly. When you actually reach the point of
erecting the tent itself bear in mind a couple of points.

The first rule in pitching a tent is to always face the tent door down hill. This is a must to keep water
from entering the tent through the door. This rule should be followed even if the weather forecast does
not call for rain.

ut for the prevalent wind direction as well. Make sure the wind will not be
It may be an idea to look out
blowing into the tent all the time (except perhaps in hot weather where this can help cool you down!).

If the weather is particularly bad or if you just want to protect the tent erect
erect a simple shelter over the
tent. Placing a simple shelter (e.g. a tarpaulin or sheet of plastic) over the site can help keep the tent
dry in the most severe of weathers and can be useful in bad weather allowing you to pitch the tent in
the dry.

ZPHS NAGAMPET, MDL: GAMBHIAROPET, RAJANNA SIRCILLA

STRIKING A TENT

In general, a tent is ‘struck’ (taken down) in the reverse way to which it was pitched. However, there are a few useful points
to consider.

■If your tent has a separate groundsheet, take this up first. Remove it from the tent and turn it over to dry the underside.
Remove grass and dirt before packing away for storage.

■Remove tent pegs by slackening the guy line and using it as a handle, caught under the peg notch. Pull in line with the
direction of entry by bending your knees and then standing up.

■Scrape dirt and soil from pegs before packing them away.

■Tie guy lines up by folding its length into thirds, then tie the whole bundle in an overhand knot. This means it will always
come out straight and unknotted by simply undoing the overhand knot.

■When folding collapsible tent poles, start from the centre to prevent excess strain on the inner shockcord.

■Most tents can be easily packed back into their bags by simply folding the inner and flysheet into a long thin shape, the
same width as the bag. Then roll the tent around the poles to expel the air.

■Try not to pack a wet tent. In some instances this is unavoidable, but ensure that tents are unpacked and dried as soon
as possible. Damp tent fabric and guy lines are soon affected by mildew and will start to rot.

FIND OUT MORE

ZPHS NAGAMPET, MDL: GAMBHIAROPET, RAJANNA SIRCILLA

Splicing :
Short Splice:

Begin by unlaying (untwisting) the ropes a few turns. If the rope is large, make
temporary whippings on the ends of the strands.
A. Alternate the strands of the two ropes.
B. Tie strands down to prevent more unlaying.
C. Tuck strand 1 over an opposing strand and under the next strand.
D. Tuck of strand 2 goes over strand 5, under the second, and out between
the second and third.
E. Repeat operation with strands 1 and 3 from same rope end.
F. Remove tie and repeat operation on other rope end. Make two or more
tucks for each strand. Then roll the tucks and cut off ends.
You can smooth the splice by rolling it under your foot on the floor.

ZPHS NAGAMPET, MDL: GAMBHIAROPET, RAJANNA SIRCILLA

Patrol Pioneering Project :

PATROL CAMP TABLE

MATERIAL LIST

Quantity ITEM

4 12' Uprights (1 1/2" to 2" Diameter)

4 8' Seats (2" to 4" Diameter)

24+ 6' Table Braces and Surface (1 1/2" to 3" Diameter)

16 8' Lengths ill line for lashing

1 12' Length 1/4" line for lashing

Binders Twine for lacing table surface

ZPHS NAGAMPET, MDL: GAMBHIAROPET, RAJANNA SIRCILLA

8. Proficiency Badges (3)
1. Sanitation Promoter
2. Solar Energy Awareness

3. Literacy

• Refer Proficiency Badge books

9. Proficiency Badges (2)

1. Cancer Awareness

2. Nutrition Educator

• Refer Proficiency Badge books

ZPHS NAGAMPET, MDL: GAMBHIAROPET, RAJANNA SIRCILLA

 10. About the BSG website and information about our Region

Website: http://www.bsgindia.org/

Scouting In India

• Scouting started in India in the year 1909, when Captain T.H.Baker established the first Scout Troop in
Bangalore and got it registered with imperial Headquarters, London.subsequently, Scout Troops were
formed in Kirkee (Pune), Simla, Madras, Jabalpur, Lonavla (Mumbai) and registered with the Imperial
Headquarters during 1910 and 1911. These units were open to European and Anglo Indian Children
only.
•
The first Guide Company in India was started in Jabalpur, Central India in 1911.
•
As the Scout Movement was not initially open to the Indian boys, Nationalist leaders of India decided
to offer Scouting activities to Indian Boys and Sewa Samiti Scout Association was formed with
Headquarters in Allahabad by Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya, Pandit Hriday Nath Kunzru and Pandit
Sriram Bajpai. Dr.Annie Besant with the help of Shri G.S.Arundale started a seperate Scout Association
for Indian Boys in Madras.
•
Efforts were made for unification of different scout groups existing in India during the visit of Lord
Baden Powell to India in 1921 and 1937 but failed. Major reason for the failure in unification was the
promise clause which included the word “Duty to King”. Our Patriotic sentiments of our Nationalist
leaders did not approve the allegiance to the British Empire and instead it was insisted that allegiance
loyalty to the Country should be part of the Scout Promise.

Scouting Guiding In independent India

• After the independence of our country efforts were made for unification of the Scout and Guide
Associations functioning in India. Serious efforts were made by our National leaders like Pt.Jawahar Lal
Nehru, First Prime Minister of India, Mauland Abul Kalam Azad, the First education Minister of
India,Shri Mangal Das Pakvasa, Governor of Central Province, and Scout leaders Pandit Hriday Nath
Kunzru, Pandit Sri Ram Bajpai, Justice Vivian Bose and others for the merger of the Scout / Guide
Associations.
•
Dr.Tara chand, Education Secretary ,Government of India made significant contribution in finalizing
the merger deed.
• The Final merger took place on 7th November 1950 and the unified Organisation came into existence
under the Name “The Bharat Scouts and Guides”. The Girl Guides Association formally joined the
Bharat Scouts and Guides a little later on 15th August 1951.

Constitution and Headquarters

• The Bharat Scouts and Guides is a Registered Society under Societies Registrations Act. It is totally
voluntary, non-political and secular Organisation.
•
The National Headquarters of the Bharat Scouts functioned from Regal Building, Connaught Place,

ZPHS NAGAMPET, MDL: GAMBHIAROPET, RAJANNA SIRCILLA

 New Delhi, till 1963.Thereafter, it shifted to its own building and is functioning from Lakshmi
Mazumdar Bhawan , 16, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Indra Prasth Estate, New Delhi – 110002. The
National Headquarters building was inaugurated in the year 1963 by the then Vice President of India
Dr.Zakir Hussain.

AWARDS AND RECOGNITIONS

• The Organization received International and National Awards in recognition of its Contributions for
International Peace and understanding United Nations “Peace Messenger Award” – The United Nation
conferred the Peace Messenger award to the organization in recognition of outstanding contribution
for promotion of International Understanding and Harmony in the year 1986-87.

• Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration – The Organization received the 3rd Indira Gandhi
Award for National Integration in the year 1987 in recognition of its contribution for promoting
Harmony and Integration.

• Bronze Wolf Award - The following National Commissioners of Bharat Scouts and Guides has got the
Bronze Wolf Award during their term as National Commissioner
1. Smt. Lakshmi Mazumdar
2. Shri. Sardar Lakshman Singh
3. Shri L.M.Jain

Shri. G. Ranga Rao, Former Director of Bharat Scouts & Guides also received Bronze Wolf.

• Asia Pacific Regional Award for distinguished services – The President of the Bharat Scouts & Guides
Shri Rameshwar Thakur and Shri L.M.Jain, National Commissioner received the Asia Pacific Regional
Award for distinguished services in the year 2009 and 2006 respectively.

• Padma Bhushan – The former National Commissioner of the organization Sardar Lakshman Singh was
conferred Padma Bhushan Award from Government of India in the year 1988. He is also a recipient of
Bronze Wolf Award from WOSM

• Padma Shri - The former National Commissioner of the organization Smt. Lakshmi Mazumdar received
the Padma Shri Award from Government of India in the year 1965 for her contribution in the field of
Scouting. She is also a recipient of Bronze Wolf Award from WOSM

ZPHS NAGAMPET, MDL: GAMBHIAROPET, RAJANNA SIRCILLA