Y

*
-r"'

('
, lr.. rt
 tltlf
\-
{'-rR
lT = A-,'ryn)ru df"Y
: ?.4* Zd,-{'!f'-"
2= Y ?,^,-ax
fr"
Wi Z"-at d-.
&
?r fu 11
fb/",
do
if .l

T zff&* n-
G,,O"
4 -.-r
R
- ,r' rr*
z
( nn att

L*raw Gt
zT'
7TR7'

,- \ Atb-"N^b
lT= 2 d*nn.
-| ?*-* E xr d*
(,
T= 2^* [1"da
t r>W\
R
,-\r* t.L,n 3 h^{**' - ,{ l,*rh a^
r 5
tIr'd*'\/\4^
c {6* r *-)l*
= [ft* t I*d4
 Ti\
'{'* \'
I

Y1
 {hiE i,1 ,rA- c*J

t c#-*
iut@
/-t*L ad*
&;"z74rri"- !

Eqp*.h**
t/
+ Vo -- ?1-
?u*lolx: dr
-' WL= 7"{a, "64
,Vu6 J : G,*rf*f
ca ?

3
Zg
.YLu#* !

- fu-/* d c>c"'-fi"^'*-
Sr'
q,+r-$"
 7L
+= ---*'- e;riln /*re;*
Crf {-

t-
r* ,+:
T
r{ r=fu!fu_
wt;,; W"
l,-"
A
afl;
L rw, /J"/,A/
-J /s<-- u'U*- i
rrvnlr
r "-- aJ'"*t
/,

Iu D€T ERPltatfuif s/R.t-< q ,N WroP

/1
h+) 4o"
rTu 1 Tru
l*F
4
?
;
{ \

$u- *u -

f*' *u 4*= fu=4u _ 1;t-

@r.
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@r)*
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-; e)* 1 Grr),
\k' r
' , Tn
- Ts-
('+W
 17A 4[repi+ri* lrrr:::;-:
,
and, at the outer edge of the cross section, the residual
stress is 3.A-
T..
-z "max .y
-f
- r
J
(3-62) b-!
This latter stress is opposite in direction to 2,. This bj:
same procedure for
calculating residual stresses can be used wiih other I=:l
shapes of stress_
strain diagrams. s:jc

PROBLEMS/CHAPTER 3
''i - -\
3.2-1 A solid steel bar ofcircular cross seciion is trvisted /\
by torques applied at the ends rsee figure1. If the an_ele
of
(,!.2-_d The steel shaft of a socket wrench is 12 mm in di_
ar{eter and 450 mm long (see figure). Ifthe allowable stress
1-l
rotation of the cross section &i urn3 eDd *ith respect
to in shear is 62 Mpa, what is lh"'*urirnr.r* fermissible
the other end is 0.05 rad. g'hat is the marimum shear
stress torque ? that may be exerted with the wrench? Through Prolr:
t-",and maximum shear strain ,.-.. in the barl (The bar what angle @ will the shaft twist under the action ol the
has length L: 2 m. diameter d : .t0 mm. and G : g0
maximum torque? (Assume G: 81 Gpa.)
GPa.)
3.2{
:--
--- - i
:
is :"- !
f+omm --\...J
Ir'l- .l
3.2-t
St'-, : :
Prob. 3.2-I thr "i
I lr:mm \ C: rf
3.2-2 4+-somm----J 3.2-1t
Determine the length of a solid steel shaft (G: Prob.3.2:5-i
80 GPa) of diameter d :
50 mm if the maximum shear ---____-/
stress is 93 MPa when the angle of twist
@ is 3..
tbr,-+
3.2-6 A hollow shaft has outer diameter d, : 169
3.2-3 -- For
N:-=
What length is required for a solid steel shaft arrd inner diameter dL :70 mm (see figure). Glcujate
the
12 mm in diameter so that the cross section at one end shear stresses .c, and ?1 acting on elernenis at the outer
r

can be rotated 90' with respect to the other end without shr+.i;
and inner surfaces, respectively, due to a torque ?: 7000
exceeding an allowable shear stress of 70 Mpa in the shaft? N'm. Draw a sketch showing how the shearci."rr". , uury 'Y3.2-11
(AssumeG:80Gpa.) in magnitude along a radiai 1ine. o{lisJc
32-4 round axle (see flgure) is made of
90 r:
_ _A oak having an
allowable stress in shear, parallei to the grain, of 2 Mpa. the s- j
If the axle has a diameter of 60 mm, whatls the maximum maI:::;
permissible torque T that can be applied? requt:i
same :
"{.2-'tz
of the i
l*a same i.-
inner ::
radius. i
shaft i..
Prob.3.2-4 ofthe \f
Prob.3.2-6 shaft.
 ,:r-7'2 Acircubr bsr AB of polar moment of iaertia I, ?: 3200 N'm
and lcngtl L is fued at both ends (see figure). A dis-
tributed tsqBe q(x) acts along the length of the bar and
..varies lincarly in intensity from zero at A to qs at B. T: 3200 N'm
Obtain formulas for the fixed-end.torques T" and ?".

/--frob. 3.7-ltl
I..
3.7-i5 A solid shaft is formed of two materials, an outer
sleevg of steel (G" = 80 GPa) and an inner rod of brass .t
(qbl36 GPa), as shown in the figure. The outside diam-
etcrs of the two parts are 75 mm and 60 mm. Assuming
tllat the allowable shear stresses 8r€ r.: 82 MPa and
,rl= 50 MPa in the steel and brass, respectively, deter-
e the maximum permissible torque T that may be '1.
Ptob.3.7-12 apflied to the shaft.
Steel sleeve
{:
Brass rod l
-3.7-13 A composite shaft is made by shrink fitting a steel
n
tube over a brass oore so that they act as a unit in torsion
(see figure). The shear modulus of elasticity of the tube
is G- : 75 GPa and of the core is Go : 39 GPa. The out- .,
Prob. 3.7-15
side diameters te il, :25 mm for the core and dz: 40
mm for the tube. Calculate the maximum shear stresses
t" and zu in the steel and brass, respectively, due to a i?
torque of 900 N.m.

Steel tube
3.7-16 A high-strength steel tube S is shrink fitted over
Brass core an aluminium tube A to form a composite shaft as shown
in the figure. The diameters are 75 mm, 125 mm, and
150 mm (see figure). The allowable shear stres$es in the
steel and aluminium &re ?" : 140 MPa ard ro : 70 MPa,
Prob. 3.7-13
respectively. Determine the allowable torque T that may
be applied to the shaft, assuming G" : 80 GPa and G, :
28 GPa.

9.7-14 A steel sleeve is fused onto a brass core to make

a composite bar 760 mm long, as shown in the figure. The
outside diameters of the sleeve and core are 65 mm and
50 mm, respectively. Also, the shear moduli of elasticity Prub.3.7-16
for steel and brass are Q : 80 GPa and Go : ,10 GPC
respectively. The bar is subjected to a torque T :32Ul,
*
N'm. (a) Calculate the maximum shear stresses r" and z,
in the steel and brass parts. (b) Calculate the angle oftwist
r
0.

J
178'cirapterS Torsioe

Prob. 3.9-1
Prob.3,9-4
Prob. 3.9-2 Prob.3.9-5

3.9-1 A hollow circular tube of 30 mm wall thickness

and inside diameter of 230 mm (see figure) is subjected to
a torque T : 180 kN'm. Determine the maximum shear 3.9-5 A thin-walled hollow tube of rectangular cross
stresses in the tube using (a) the approximate theory of section is shown in the figure. Calculate the maximum
thin,walled tubes (Eq. 3-51b), and (b) the exact torsion shear stress t-u* in the tube due to a torque I : 120 N'm'
theory (Eq. 3-9).
3.9-6 The cross section of a stainless steel thin-wa1led
3.9-2 Compare the angle of twist $t for a thin-walled tube (G : 80 GPa) is in the form of an equilateral triangle
circular tube (see flgure) as calculated from the approxi- (see figure). The length along the median line ol each side
mate equation (Eq. 3-52) with the angle of twist @, cal- is b : 150 mm, and the wall thickness is r : 8 mm. If the
culated from the exact equation S: TLIGI, (Eq' 3-8)' allowable shear stress is 60 MPa, what is the marimum
Express the ratio drld, in terms of the nondimensional permissible torque T that may act on the tube? At this
ratio P :711. value of torque, what is the angle of twist 0 per unit
3.9-3 A thin-walled circular tube and a solid circular bar length?
of the same material, the same cross-sectional area, and 3.9-7 Calculate the shear stress r and the angle ol twist
the same length are subjected to torsion' What is the ratio $ for a steel tube (G :76 GPa) having the cross section
of the strain energy U1 in the tube to the strain energy shown in the flgure. The tube has length L:1.5 m, and
U , in the solid bar if the maximum shear stresses are the it is subjected to a torque T : 10 kN'm.
same in both cases?
3.9-8 A thin-walled tube having an eiliptical cross sec-
3.9-4 A thin tubular shaft of circular cross section (see tion (see figure) is subjected to a torque I: 6 kN'rn.
figure) with inside diameter 100 mm is subjected to a r and the angle ol twist {J per
Determine the shear stress
torque oi 6 kN'm. If the allowabie shear stress is 90 MPa, unit length if G:80GPa, r:5mm, a:75mm. and
determine the required wall thickness t by using (a) the b : 50 mm. (Note: The area of an eilipse is tab. and its
approximate theory for a thin-walled tube, and (b) the circumference is approximatel.v l.Stt(a + b1 - n" ab.1
exact torsion theorY.

r:50mm :50mm

Prob.3.9-5 Prob.3.9-7 Prob.3.9-8

/*