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Lab 9. Sample Collection

1. Sample collection is the process of obtaining tissue or fluid for laboratory analysis to detect pathogens and requires proper handling and transport of specimens. 2. Different types of specimens are collected from different sites depending on the suspected infection, including blood, CSF, throat swabs, ear/eye swabs, urine, stool, sputum, wounds, and genital tract. 3. Proper collection and transport procedures must be followed to prevent contamination and ensure viability of pathogens, such as using sterile containers and transporting specimens promptly under appropriate temperature conditions depending on the specimen type.

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62 views

Lab 9. Sample Collection

1. Sample collection is the process of obtaining tissue or fluid for laboratory analysis to detect pathogens and requires proper handling and transport of specimens. 2. Different types of specimens are collected from different sites depending on the suspected infection, including blood, CSF, throat swabs, ear/eye swabs, urine, stool, sputum, wounds, and genital tract. 3. Proper collection and transport procedures must be followed to prevent contamination and ensure viability of pathogens, such as using sterile containers and transporting specimens promptly under appropriate temperature conditions depending on the specimen type.

Uploaded by

Suzan Abd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Medical Microbiology (Practical)

Lab 9
Sample collection

Assistant Lecturer
Yaser A. Abduljabar 2/ May/ 2023
1
Sample

It is a portion, piece, or segment that is


representative of a whole (population). Or it
will take from infected area.

Sample
collection

Is the process of obtaining tissue or fluid for


laboratory analysis.
* Specimen Handling
Requirements
1. Specimens obtained early even before antimicrobial
treatment to obtain the infective pathogen.

2. Transport specimens in clean and sterilize suitable


container.

3. Take an enough quantity of material.

4. In special cases, keep specimens in Iced container/or


at Cool temperature for transportation.

5. Protect specimens from Light.


Blood Sample for
Culture
A blood culture is a test to detect germs such as bacteria or
fungi in the blood, are performed when the blood stream is
suspected with infection such as bacteraemia or
septicaemia.

This test can be used to see if there is some sort of infection


in the blood system.
Procedure
Collection (venous blood).

The site of venipuncture must be cleansed with


Alcohols 70 % & then with 2% iodine to prevent
contamination by normal flora of the skin.
A minimum of 10 ml of blood is taken through
venipuncture and injected into two or more "blood
bottles" with specific mediaand injected into two or
more "blood bottles" with specific media for
aerobicand injected into two or more "blood bottles"
with specific media for aerobic and anaerobic
organism & fungus.

In lab the sample will be cultured on culture media.


* CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) culture

Aim of the test


▪ Diagnosis of the bacteria or fungal meningitis by
microscopic examination and culture with
identification and susceptibility test of the isolated
organism.

Types of specimen
CSF.
* Pre specimen processing
Specimen collection
Who will collect the specimen
Only physicians.
Quantity of specimen
Mini. 5-10 ml of CSF is recommended for culture.
Storage: Room Temperature, Do not refrigerate.
Throat
swab
Are performed when tonsillitis, sore throat, &diphtheria is
suspected.
Tonsilliti
s

Procedure

Hold tongue away with tongue


depressor.

Locate areas of inflammation,


& by use a cotton swab take the
sample from Tonsils area on
both sides ,& rotate the swab.
* Ear and Eye Swab
* Take a swab from ear pus by inserting a
swab in middle ear, be careful not touch a
skin, especially in chronic otitis media.
* Rarely, middle ear fluid my be aspirated
through the ear drum by tympanocentesis.
Send the swab to lab.
Urine

Are performed when UTI (Urinary Tract Infection)


is suspected.
Procedure
Midstream urine is good sample for urine culture.

The sample will be cultured on Blood agar , MacConky agar in the


lab.

After 24h we observe bacterial growth colonies that caused the


infection.
Stool
Are performed primarily for cases of
diarrhoea.

Procedure

Small amount of stool will be taken from the patient


and cultured on MacConky agar , Salmonella-Shigella
agar ( SS agar).
Sputum
Sputum collected when pneumonia, tuberculosis, or
lung abscess is suspected.

Be sure that the specimen is sputum not saliva.


Procedure
The patient must wash his mouth with water.
A sputum sample is obtained by coughing deeply &
expelling the material that comes from the lungs into a
sterile cup.
The sample is taken to a laboratory & placed in
appropriate media, under conditions that not allow
the organisms to grow.
A positive culture may identify disease-producing
organisms that may help diagnose tuberculosis, a lung
abscess, or pneumonia.
Two slides from the sample must be prepared for AFB
(Acid Fast Bacteria) stain and Gr. (Gram) stain .
Wound and Abscess
(pus)
Pus can be collected in a
syringe or it may be
taken by swab from
surface of the lesion.
Then send to lab which
will be cultured on
appropriate media .
Genital
Tract
Are performed in individuals with cervicitis ,vaginitis,
or STD( sexual transmitted disease) like suspected with
Neisseria gonorrhoea .

Specimens are obtained by swabbing the urethral canal


(for man) , and the cervix ,vaginal & urethral swab ( for
women).

The swab must be transmitted to lab without delay, and


will be cultured on appropriate media with making a
smear on a clean slide for direct gram stain.
Specimen rejection
criteria
❖ Leaking Specimens

❖ Unlabelled/Mislabeled Specimens

❖ Incorrect collection container type

❖ Samples too old for culture

❖ Dry specimen
Transportation of
Specimens
Transport all specimens to the laboratory within
a specified time.
If specimens are not immediately transported to
the laboratory, they should be placed in the
refrigerator (2-8◦ C) with transport media to keep
the specimen from dryness .
High temperatures will cause differential
bacterial overgrowth like coliforms in urine or
loss of some fastidious microorganisms like
Streptococci, while very low temperatures will
increase the diffusion of oxygen which may be
lethal to anaerobic bacteria.
Transport media:
* They preserve the viability of the organisms,
don't contain the nutrients but only buffers
and salt, therefore other commensal bacteria
are not able to grow.
* These are used for the temporary storage of
specimens being transported to the laboratory
for cultivation Transport media include:
Thioglycolate broth.

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