FUNDAMENTALS OF ZOOLOGY LABORATORY

Module 1 Microscopy

Enabling Assessment

Part I. Microscopy
Instructions:
1. Give the importance of the following microscopic terms by completing Table 1.1.

Table 1.1. Commonly used terms in microscopy

Terms Importance in Microscopy

It affects the capacity to identify between the

Resolving power smallest detail of a given specimen.

It allows to zoom in on a specimen and zoom

Parfocal out while keeping the same focus.

It produces a representation of a specimen at a

Magnification broader scale.

It lets the specimen to see the details more.

Contrast

It shows the shape, distribution and connection

Three-dimensional image of the specimen.

2. Label the numbered parts of the provided diagram of the compound microscope below.
Place all the labels in Table 1.2

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Table 1.2 The different parts of the microscope, their classification, and functions

Classification
Numbered (Illuminating,
Labeled Part Function
Part magnifying, or
supporting )

Eye Piece Magnifying Enlarges the image to be seen by the

1 naked eye
Arm Supporting Supports the body and connects it to the
2 base.
Stage Clips Magnifying Holds the slide in place
3
Coarse Focus Magnifying Moves the lenses toward or away from
4 the specimen
Fine Focus Magnifying To precisely adjust specimen’s focus
5
Switch Illuminating Turns on and off the light source
6
Body Tube Magnifying Connects the eyepiece to the objective
7 lens
Revolving Nose Piece Magnifying Holds the lenses and can be rotated
8
Objective Lens Magnifying Lenses that each has a different
9 magnification.
Stage Magnifying Platform that the specimen is place for
10 observation.
collect the light coming from the
Condenser Illuminating illuminator and focus it onto the
11
specimen in the form of a light cone.
Diaphragm Illuminating Used to regulate the light that passes
12 through the specimen
Condenser Stage Illuminating
13 Condenser
Illuminator Illuminating Light source
14
Base Supporting To support the microscope
15

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3. Compare the d i f fe re n t p o w e r objectives o f th e co mp o u n d m i c r o s c o p e by

completing Table 1.3.

Table 1.3 Comparison of the different objectives of the compound microscope

Point of Comparison Scanner LPO HPO OIO

4x 10x 40x 100x

Degree of magnification
(X)
Least Detailed Less Detailed Detailed Most detailed
Details of the specimen
(least to most detailed)
Biggest Big Small Smallest
Area of field of view
(smallest to biggest)
Brightest Bright Dim Dimmest
Brightness of image
(dimmest to brightest )
30mm 9mm 2mm 0.5mm
Working distance (mm)

4. Compute f o r the indicated measurements. Show actual computations and express

all answers in micrometer. The measure of LPO field diameter of using a ruler is 1.5
mm.

4.1 HPF diameter

Magnification of LPO X Diameter of LPF

HPF =
Magnification of LPO

100 x X 1.500 μ
HPF =
400 x

HPF = 375 μ

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4.2 Compute for the value of one ocular micrometer space for each objective.

LPO

980 μ
1 ocular space =
20 divisions

1 ocular space = 50 μ

HPO

50 μ
1 ocular space =
4 divisions

1 ocular space = 12.5 μ

5. Given the photos focused under LPO and HPO, Compute for the total Magnification and

image size of the specimen.

LPO Epithelial Cell

Total magnification: 100x
Image size: 12.5 μ

Image size = 2.5 boxes X 50

Image size = 125 μ

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HPO Epithelial cell

Total magnification: 400x
Image size: 37.5 μ

Image size = 3 boxes X 12.5 μ

Image size = 37.5 μ

6. The use of the compound microscope has some limitations. Identify some of them by
accomplishing Table 1.4 .

Table 1.4 Limitations in using the compound microscope

Basis Limitation Explanation

Can be visible at 0.4- A compound microscope’s resolution refers to the

Resolution 0.7m capacity to identify specific details in a specimen.

It is limited to 500x to It allows use to see the specimen in different

1500x magnification such as 40x, 100x, 400x, and 1000x
Magnification

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The zone where the The depth of focus id dependent on what

microscope pointed at. magnification is used as it limits the view of entire
Focusing
object.

The illuminator has a Anything less than half of illumination source’s

Others certain range of wavelength is not visible.
(Contrast)
wavelength which often
cannot be seen by
microscope.

Conclusion
Microscope is a scientific instrument that magnifies small objects and provides close-
up view of relatively tiny structures at a scale suitable for observation and analysis.
Magnification

References

Microscope. (2019, October 7). Biology Articles, Tutorials & Dictionary Online.
https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/microscope

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