Win up to 100% scholarship on Aakash BYJU'S JEE/NEET courses with ABNAT Win up t Click Here (https;//byjus.com/bnat/?utm_source=byjus.coméutm_medium=jee-toptickeré&utm_campaign see (joo) > ar see stay Jutm_medium=jee- topbanneréutm_cam} Units and Dimensions - Dimensional Formula REGISTER NOW (https://byjus.com/bnat/? Introduction to Units and Dimensions Every measurement has two parts. The first is a number (n), and the next is a unit (u). Q = nu. For example, the length of an object = 40 cm. The number expressing the magnitude of a physical quantity Wersely proportional to the unit selected, If, and n2 are the numerical values of a physical quantity corresponding to the units u; and ua, then niu) = naup. For example, 2.8 m = 280 om; 6.2 kg = 6200 g. Table of Contents © Units: * Dimensions ‘* What Is the Dimensional Formula? * Limitations * Physical Constants * Dimensional Formulas for Physical Quantities * Quantities with the Same Dimensional Formula * Applications “TAGs =a Fundamental and Derived Quantities * The quantities that are independent of other quantities are called fundamental quant units that are used to measure these fundamental quantities are called fundamental units. There 1s. Theare four systems of units, namely CGS, MKS, FPS and SI * The quantities that are derived using the fundamental quantities are called derived quantities. The units that are used to measure these derived quantities are called derived units. Fundamental and supp! Aakas ) Fundamental ‘Quantity Take ABNAT & win up to FPS Length foot Mass pound Time second REGISTER NOW (https://byjus.com/bnat/ Physical Quantity Uni symbol Length meter m Mass Kilogram kg Time second s Electric current ‘ampere A Thermodynamic temperature kelvin k Intensity of light candela ed Quantity of substance mole mol Supplementary Quantiti oo Plane angle radian a Solid angle Steradian sr Most SI units are used in scientific research. SI is a coherent system of units.A coherent system of units is one in which the units of derived quantities are obtained as multiples or submultiples of certain basic units. The SI system is a comprehensive, coherent and rationalised MKS. The ampere system (RMKSA system) was devised by Prof. Giorgi. Meter: A qvelength of the light (https://byjus.cor im due to the electronic transition from 2 17 General Assembly of Weights and Me! s of the velocity of light. According to thi led by light in a vacuum during a time inte 9/5 2. Kilogram: The Weights and Med 1@ International Bureau of 3. Second: The durg the two hyperfing to the transition between bd one second. 4, Ampere: The curl ictors of infinite length and negligible cross-section and placed fone meter apairt in vacupim, causes each conductor to, typorence o force. of Hisar eie Teton iat jus.careibnet/? (ttps://byjus.com/physics/ampere/). 5. Kelvin: The fraction of 1/273.16 of the thermodynar called kelvin, temperature of the triple point of water is 6, Candela: The luminous intensity in the perpendicular direction of a surface of a black body of area 1/600000 m? at the temperature of solidifying platinum under a pressure of 101325 Nv? is known as one candela. 7.Mole: The amount of a substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 12 * 10% kg of carbon-I2 is known as one mole (https://byjus.com/chemistry/mole-concept-basics/) 8 Radian: The angle made by an arc of the circle equivalent to its radius at the centre is known as a radian. 1 radian = 57°17'45!, 9, Steradian: The angle subtended at the centre by one square meter area of the surface of a sphere of radius one meter is known as steradian. Some Important Conclusions + Angstrom isthe unit of length used to measure the wavelength of ight. A= 10" m, * Fermiis the unit of length used to measure nuclear distances. | Fermi = 10° meter. * Aight year is the unit of length for measuring astronomical distal * Light year = distance travelled by light in 1 year = 9.4805 * 10" m. * Astronomical unit = Mean distance between the sun and earth * Parsec = 3.26 light years = 3.084x10'° m, * Barn is the unit of area for measuring scattering cross-section of collisions. 1 barn = 10°28 m2,* Chronometer and metronome are time-measuring instruments. The quantity having the same Unit in all the systems of units is time. = Also Read: List of All SI Units (https://byjus.com/physics/si-units-| MACRO Prefixes Aakas kilo (k) 10° Mega (mM) 10° bee he Re a Giga (G) 10° Tera (1) 10 Peta (P) 10 Exai (E) 10"? Zetta (2) 10? zepto (2) 10°? REGISTER NOW. (https://byjus.com/bnat/? Yotta (y) 1024 Note: The following are not used in the SI system, * deca 10! deci 107 * hecta 10? centi 10? How to Write Units of Physical Quantities? 1. Full names of the units, even when they are named after a scientist, should not be written with a capital letter. For example, newton, watt, ampere, meter 2. The unit should be written either in full or in agreed symbols only 3. Units do not take the plural form. For example, 10 kg but not 10 kgs, 20 w but not 20 ws 4,No full stop or punctuation mark should be used within or at the end of symbols for units. For example, 10 W but not 10 w. What Are Dimensions? Dimensions of a physical quantity are the powers to which the fundar tain one unit of that quantity.Dimensional Analysis Dimensional analysis is the practice of checking relations between physical quantities by identifying the dimensions of the physical quantities. These dimensions are independent of the numerical multiples and constants, and alltine uantities in the world. can be expressed. as ci tuinction of the fundamental dimensions. Read More: Dimension} valysis/) Dimensional Fort ‘The expression showin} be of a derived quantity i If Q is the unit of a det formula, and the expor is called the dimensional What Are Dimensional Constants? The physical quantties wth REGISTER NOW ChttasuLbyius.cooonat/? example, gravitational constant (G), Planck's constant (https://byjus.com/physics/value-of-plancks- constant/) (h), universal gas constant (R), velocity of light in a vacuum (C), etc. What Are Dimensionless Quantities? Dimensionless quantities are those which do not have dimensions but have a fixed value. * Dimensionless quantities without units: Pure numbers, 1, e, sin 8, cos 6, tan 8 etc. * Dimensionless quantities with units: Angular displacement - radian, Joule's constant - joule/calorie, etc. What Are Dimensional Variables? Dimensional variables are those physical quantities which have dimensions and do not have a fixed value. For example, velocity, acceleration, force, work, power, ete. What Are the Dimensionless Variables? Dimensionless variables are those physical quantities which do not have dimensions and do not have a fixed value. For example, specific gravity, refractive index (https://byjus.com/physics/refractive-index/), the coefficient of friction, Poisson's ratio, etc. 1.In any correct equation representing the relation between physical quantities, the dimensions of all the terms must be the same on both sides. Terms separated by ‘+’ or ‘~’ must have the same dimensions.2. A physical quantity Q has dimensions a, b and c in length (L), mass (M) and time (1), respectively, and n;is its numerical value in a system in which the fundamental units are L, M, and T; and nz is the numerical value in another system in which the fundamental units are Lz, Mz and To, respectively, then oof [ae] [Malas Limitations of Di LeCrA sh Ur a Rd ay Also, the constant of bund either by experiment 1. Dimensionless proportionality © (or) by theory. 2. This method (https://byjus.cot 4 exponential functions 3. This method will than three physical quantities. 4.1n some cases, the conREGISTER NOs https: jsyjus.cam /daact/ ? cannot use this system. pre dependent upon more 5.If one side of the equation contains the addition or subtraction of physical quantities, we cannot use this method to derive the expression. Some Important Conversions * bar = 108 dyne/cm? = 108 Nm? = 10° pascal * 76 cm of Hg = 1.013108 dyne/cm? = 1.013x10% pascal = 1.013 bar. * Itoricelli or torr = I mm of Hg = 1.333x108 dyne/om? = 1333 millibar. + 1kmph = 5/18 ms“ =105N, + 1HP = 746 watt + Tdyn * Tkilowatt hour = 36108 J + Tkgwt = g newton * Tcalorie = 42 joule * Telectron volt = 1.602%10"8 joule * 1erg = 1077 joule * Velocity of light in vacuum (c) = 3 x 108 ms" * Velocity of sound in air at STP = 331 ms” * Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 9.81 ms"?* Avogadro number (N) = 6.023 * 10?8/mol * Density of water at 4°C = 1000 kgm” or 1 g/cc. * Absolute zero = -273.15°C or 0K + Atomic mass unites * Quantum of char + Stefan’s constant + Boltzmann's con: + One atmosphere * Universal gas cor * Permeability of fr * Permittivity of fret * The density of oirat S7?. BRR BEER NOW * Universal gravitational constant = 6.67 * 10" Nm?kg) Derived SI units with Special Names LeCrA sh Ur a Rd ‘(https://byjus.com/bnat/? Physical Quantity Frequency Energy Force Power Pressure Electric charge or quantity of electricity Electric potential difference and emf Electric resistance Electric conductance SI Unit ‘Symbol hertz ‘Hz pascal Pa coulomb c ohm 2Electric capacitance farad F Magnetic flux weber wb Inductance Aakas Magnetic flux density) LeCrA sh Ur a Rd lllumination a Luminous flux imensional Fo! Physical Quantity REGISTER NOW (tttps://byjus.comyy onat/? Acceleration or acceleration due to gravity ms? wr? Angle (arc/radius) rod meter? Angular displacement tad were Angular frequency (angular displacement/time) rads” r Angular impulse (torque x time) Nms Mer Angular momentum (lw) kgm?s" mir Angular velocity (angle/time) rads“! rr Area (length x breadth) m? 2 Boltzmann's constant Jk Mi27-2g-1 Buk modulus wma (AP. ap ‘ Colorific value akg” vr?Coefficient of linear or areal or volume expansion °C" or KI Coefficient of surface tension (torce/iength) Nm or Jnr? Coefficient of therma alias Coetticient of viscosi (F=nA@) LeCrA sh Ur a Rd Compressibility (I/bu) Density (mass/volur Displacement, wavel Elect Ohm" or mho or siemen Electric conductance (I/resistance) siemen/metre or Sm~ ity) ) Electric conductivity (I/resi Electric charge or quantity of electric charge (current x coulomb time) Electric current ampere Electric dipole moment (charge x distance) cm Electric field strength or intensity of electric field oy NC“, vm" (force/charge) Electric resistance ( potential dif ference ) ohm Emf (or) electric potential (work/charge) volt Energy (capacity to do work) joule Mr? MuT~6-) Mut! Mur? Mc capacitance (charge/REGEBTER NOW (https: /byjus.cort/bnat/? M2132 MIL 3T32 un Murr 2y-34-2 Mer srt Mer?Energy density volume ) Entropy (AS = 4Q/T) Aakgs Force (mass x accele! LeCrA sh Ur a Rd Force constant or spr}? Frequency (I/period) Gravitational potent Heat (energy) um MT? MUT2e7) Mur Mr? r re Jor calorie Mv? REGISTER NOW (https://byjus.com/bnat/? Mlumination (illuminance) impulse (force x time) inductance (1) (energy = 4LP) or coefficient of self-induction Intensity of gravitational field (F/m) Intensity of magneti ion (i) Joule’s constant or mechanical eq Latent heat (Q = ml) Linear density (mass per unit length) Luminous flux Magnetic dipole moment lux overiinewt mr? Ns or kgms"? Mur"! henry (H) M2122 Nig”! ur? am"! uh Jear MeLeT® akg? Meer? kgm” ML" lumen or A tcc Am? BIMagnetic flux (magnetic induction x area) Magnetic induction (| Bil) Magnetic pote streng Malas Modulus of elasticity bee he Re a Moment of inertia (m)_ qf) Momentum (mass x Permeability of free (ns) Permittivity of free space = 2 (c= #8) Planck's constant (energy/frequency) Poisson's ratio (lateral strain/longitudinal strain) Power (work/time) Pressure (force/area) Pressure coefficient or volume coefficient Pressure head Radioactivity Ratio of sp Refractive index Resistivity or specific resistance weber (Wb) Muza Nim" or T mT-2rt u ML“T-2 Mz Mur Murr? REGISTER NOW (https://byjus.com/bnat/? Fm or C°NIm? Mesa? Js mer motet? Js“ or watt (W) mut-3 Nm"? or Pa Mu? °c" or 7 eo m eur? disintegrations per eat per wover=t second MET?Specific conductance or conductivity (V/specific resistance) Specific entropy (i/e Specific gravity (den water) Specific heat (Q = mqqg yay Specific volume (I/de speed (distance/tim Stefan’s constant eat energy area Bie x temperatare® Strain (change in dimension/original dimension) Stress (restoring force/area) Surface energy density (energy/area) Temperature Temperature gradient ( ) Thermal capacity (mass x specific heat) Time period Torque or moment of force (force x distance) Universal gas constant (work/temperature) Universal gravitational constant (P=6."3) LeCrA sh Ur a Rd siemen/metre or Sm 1 ML 3T92 MLT28 MeLeT® MeL2T-26"1 Mie uw REGISTER NOW (tnttps://byjus.cerm/bnat/? - MeLeT® Nm*? or Pa Mir? sm? Mr? “core meveTea ecm" or am MeL"'T°8 Je MeT-267) second T Nm 20-2 umole"! Nm?kg’ Mer?Velocity ( Solving the above three equations, we get, a = ,b = 2and c= Hence, the centripetal force F can be represented as,Units & Dimensions - Screw Gauge REGISTER NOW (https://byjus.com/bnat/?Units & Dimensions — Important Questions CRACK JEE 2024 \ UNITS & DIMENSIONS - L3 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS. OF VERNIER CALLIPER & SCREW GUAGE UR Pen SeeUnits & Dimensions — Introduction Concepts Physics Articles for IIT JEE Stefan Boltzmann Young's Double Slit} ‘Superposition Of simple Harmonic Equipotential Surface ~~ REGISTER NOW (https://byjus.com/bnat/? Coulomb's tow Gravitational Field intensity Gravitational Potential Energy Electric Potential Energy Gouss tow Electric Field intensity Gravitation a Escape And Orbital VelocityJAGJOT SIR gulum Units & Dimensions - SI System and Parallax ei Te) rat BN UNITS & DIMENSIONS - L5 Si-SYSTEM AND bikinis GRADE 11 | PHYSICS sOFrequently Asked Questions on Units and Dimensions Qt WAPI Ae meaning of dimensi Physics? ition expression that lates derived quaits to fundamental uate. Buti not eae to the magrtde stn oo Een Q2_ What is the dimens) We Kind that, F = ‘Mass is a fundament LeCrA sh Ur a Rd presented in terms of fundamental quanti Speips-Afass Bystet Using (1) and (2), F = [MLT>] This is Combination of cq Q3_ What is dimension: Pipensignn|enaliss is base RST STEREO WT (Hi corny brett / 2 ? dimensions. For example, | can compare kinetic energy with et oS) They they are equal, of one is, greater than another because they have the same dimension. But | cannot compare kinetic energy with force or Aseelerataa eB te dlenasigns are dlerent Q4 How do you demonstrat dimensional analysis with an example? ‘Suppose | have the following equation, F=E8Vb To doineAakesh BYES SoU JRELNEEM = Mass We need to find theRERP of a, b and c. siqiawing are the dimensions of the given quantities, F = [MLT~}, E = [ML?T~4}, V = [LT~1] According to dimensional analysis, the dimension of RHS should be equal to LHS; hence, ee Ep erp. ere us L200 20-9] Send OTP equations, ade/arr2 ¥ Solving the three equations, we get, eric Raarband [cya aunt aad dard quantity with which a physical quantity of the same kind is compared is called a unit.Q6 Why are mass, length, and time chosen as fundamental or base quantities in mechanics? ident of each other. All the other quantities in mechanics can uncertain number. rod LeCrA sh Ur a Rd cept to test by answering a few MCQs. Click Quiz to begin! Want a Top JEE Rank? Level Up with ‘er and click on the “Finish” button the Repeater Course answers at the end of the quiz GET STARTED (https://byjus.com/aakash-byjus-free- trial rt Quiz class/? \ utm _source=byjus Coms&utm—medium=|ee= sidebannergutm_campaign=ackash- byjus-free-trial-class-repeater-course) CommentsLeave a Comment ublished. Required fields are marked * Send OTP (HESS FB) ER ESHA be /jeo-main=-2023- . question-papers/? REGISTER NOW (https://byjus.com/bnat/? tm source byjus.coméutm_medium=jee- sidebapgerhun, compaign=jee-main- 2023-qusstians PaRRaezSelyHions) (nttps://byjus.com/jee/units-and-dimensions/#eomment-1883!) Clear cut explanation. All my confusions are cleared. cy Po ery Been Ce er) fem cen Petes Tie Cd Jons/#comment-54771) there! Got any questions?Aakash Hive re ™~ utm_source=side_banner_TOPPERS22&utm_medium=Web&utm_campaign=DTA_App_jee) REGISTER NOW (https://byjus.com/bnat/? (https://www.aakast (https://byjus.com/bnat/?~ utm _source=byjus.com&utm_medium=jee- sidebanneréutm_campaign=abnatl) s there! Got any questions? Ip you.eriearersy peer Lee a nd (nttps:/eyjus.com, class/? ttm _source=byjus.coméaut ISTER NOW (https://byjus.com/bnat/? sidebanner&utm_campaign=al ae Jee=nee' Beare fea Ee (https://shop byjus. ‘com/eollections/byjus- online-classroom-program? utm _source=SIDE_BANNER_SHOP&utm_medium=Web&utm_camy Cece cece JEE Main and JEE Advanced Important LinksJee JE Main Nake Je Main xom Pat Take ABNAT & win up to Jee Main sylabus a Jee Main Eighty LEE Main Answer Kap REGISTER NOW (https://byjus.com/bnat/? JEE Main Question Paper JEE Main Question Paper Analysis {EE Main sample Papers LEE Main Mock Tet LEE Main crash Course Je advanced JEE Advanced Eligibility Criteria 4JEE Advanced Registration 4JEE Advanced Syllabus4JEE Advanced Crash Course JEE Advanced Exa JEE Advanced Paps LeCrA sh Ur a Rd JEE Advanced Prev] JEE Advanced Sar REGISTER NOW (https://byjus.com/bnat/?REGISTER NOW (https://byjus.com/bnat/?REGISTER NOW (https://byjus.com/bnat/?REGISTER NOW (https://byjus.com/bnat/?REGISTER NOW (https://byjus.com/bnat/?REGISTER NOW (https://byjus.com/bnat/?REGISTER NOW (https://byjus.com/bnat/?REGISTER NOW (https://byjus.com/bnat/?REGISTER NOW (https://byjus.com/bnat/?‘COURSES case (/cbse/) lese (Jicse/) cat (leat!) Aakash ‘ics 1as ([ias/) Jee (ee!) Neer (/neet/) Lee Sug Commerce (/commerce/)) Ube JE Main (joe/joe-main) Near (Jncert/) JE Advanced (/jee-adva PSC Prelims 2022 Questia} 2022-question-papers-pdi EXAMS CAT Exam (/eat/exam-info/) ‘ias-prep/upse-2023/) k-exam/) 1 (/govt-exams/) (news|) Se anne sey Woo PECSPOTER NOW (hEtfis] /byjus.com/bnat/? IAs Coaching (ias-coaching/) CBSE Sample Papers (/cbse/cbse-sample-papers/) CBSE Question Papers (/cbse-study-material/cbse-previous- year-question-paper/) EXAM PREPARATION Free CAT Prep (/free-cat-prep/) Free IAS Prep (/tree-ias-prep/) Maths (/maths/) Physics (/physics/) Chemistry (/ehemistry/) Biology (/biology/) JEE 2028 (|joe/jeo-2023/) JEE Advanced 2023 Question Paper wth Answers (/jee/joe- ‘edvanced-2023-question-paper/) JEE Main Mock Tost (/ |joo-rmain-mock-test/) JEE Main 2023 Question Papers with Answers (/jee/jee-main- 2023-question-popers/) JEE Main 2022 Question Papers with Answers ([jee/jee-main= 2022-question-papers/) JEE Advanced 2022 Question Paper with Answers (Jjee/jee- advanced-2022-question-paper/) Kids Learning (/kids-learning/) Class H - 3° (/aisney-byjus-eay-learn/) Class 4-5 (folass-4-5/) Class 6-10" (/class-8-10/) Class 1!" 12 (Jelass-t-12/) BYJUS Tuition Centre (/bote/) COMPANY About Us (/about-us/) Contact Us (/contact-us/) Contact our Financial Partners (https://byjus.com/our-financial-partners/) Investors (Jour-investors/) Careers (/eareers-at-byjus/) BYJUS in Media (/press/) Social initiative - Education for All (Jecucationtorall/) BYJUS APE lg m Fa (/faq| students (https: [blog.byjus.com/the-learning-tree/) Support (/customer-care/) Faces of BYIUS - life at aYJU'S (https: /biogbyjus.comfife-at-byjus/)EET 2023 Quostion Paper (/nect/nest-2023-question-paper/) NeET 2023 Question Paper Analysis (/neet/nest-2023-question- paper-onalysis/) Niet 2022 Answer Key (/neet/neet-2022-answer-key/) RESOURCES. Aakae ‘Worksheets (/worksheets/| yu answer (/question-| LeCrA sh Ur a Rd ssi (Jabout-dssl/) Home Tuition (Jhome-tuit AllProduets (nttps://shop Calculators (/ealculators/ Formulas (/formulas/) FREE TEXTBOOK SOLUTIONS. {|textbook-solutions/) NCERT Solutions (/ncert-solutions/) NCERT Exemplar (/ncert-exemplar/) NCERT Solutions for Class 6 (/ncert-solutions-class-6/) NCERT Solutions for Class 7 (/ncert-solutions-class-7/) NCERT Solutions for Class 8 (/ncert-solutions-class-8/) NCERT Solutions for Class 9 (/ncert-solutions-class-8/) NCERT Solutions for Class 10 (/ncert-solutions-class-10/) NCERT Solutions for Class 1! (/ncert-solutions-class-N1/) NCERT Solutions for Class 11 English (/ncert-solutions-class-1i~ engish/) NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English (/ncert-solutions-class-12- english/) NCERT Solutions for Class 12 (/ncert-solutions-class-12/) RD Sharma Solutions (/rd-sharma-solutions/) RD Sharma Class 10 Solutions (/rd-sharma-class-10-solutions/) ICSE Selina Solutions (/icse/selina-solutions/) FOLLOW US {(https://www.facebookcom/byjuslearningopp/) kid.) Blog (https: /Iblog.byjus.com/) 8vJUS Give (/givel) STATE BOARDS REGISTER NOW (httpsiidbpyjusscom/bnat/? Gujarat (/gseb/) ‘Tamil Nadu (/tn-board/) Karnataka (/kseeb/) Kerala (/kbpe/) Andhra Pradesh (Jap-boar/) ‘Telangana (/telangana-board/) Uttar Pradesh (/upmsp/) Bihar (/binar-board/) Rajasthan (/rajasthan-board/) Madhya Pradesh (/mp-board/) West Bengal (/west-bengal-board/) (repellin aD (https://wwwkidsafesealcom/certifiedproducts]byjus_indiahtm)Disclaimer (/disclaimer/) Privacy Policy (/tnc_app/#privacydesc) Terms of Services (/tnc_app/#tncdesc) sitemap (/sitemapxml) © 2023, BYJUS. All rights reserved. Aakash LeCrA sh Ur a Rd REGISTER NOW (https://byjus.com/bnat/?