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Wilcoxon Research Vibration Product Training: Vibration Sensing and Accelerometer Design

This document provides an overview of vibration measurement considerations and sensor parameters. It discusses key factors such as sensitivity, frequency response, amplitude range, and reliability when selecting vibration sensors. It also describes common sensor types including piezoelectric accelerometers, eddy probes, and electrodynamic velocity transducers. Specific sensor designs like compression, flexure, and shear accelerometers are examined in terms of their operational characteristics.

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kyanboo
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97 views

Wilcoxon Research Vibration Product Training: Vibration Sensing and Accelerometer Design

This document provides an overview of vibration measurement considerations and sensor parameters. It discusses key factors such as sensitivity, frequency response, amplitude range, and reliability when selecting vibration sensors. It also describes common sensor types including piezoelectric accelerometers, eddy probes, and electrodynamic velocity transducers. Specific sensor designs like compression, flexure, and shear accelerometers are examined in terms of their operational characteristics.

Uploaded by

kyanboo
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Wilcoxon Research Vibration Product Training

Vibration Sensing and Accelerometer Design

Vibration pp.1

Basic Measurement Considerations Sensor Parameters


! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Measurement Parameters
! ! ! ! ! ! !

Sensitivity Frequency Response Amplitude Range Reliability Ruggedness Ease of Use Compatibility Temperature Range

Frequency Minimum Amplitudes Peak Amplitudes Machine Design Machine Environment Environmental Noise Accessibility

Vibration pp. 2

Vibration Amplitude
1,000 100 10 EU 1.0 (mils pp) (ips) (g) 0.1 .01
Acceleration (g) Displacement (mils pp)

Velocity (ips)

.001 .0001 .1 .6

1 60

10 600 FREQUENCY

100 6,000

1,000 Hz 60,000 cpm


1607-R1

Very Little Vibration Amplitude in terms of Acceleration is Produced at Low Frequencies ! Much Larger Amplitudes are produced in terms of Displacement !Very High Acceleration Levels are produced at High Frequency
!

Vibration pp. 3

Basic Vibration Sensors

Eddy P ro be

Pie zo e le c tric Ac c e le ro m e te r

Ele c tro dynam ic Ve lo c ity Trans duc e r


1205a.cdr R.1

Vibration pp.4

Piezoelectric Accelerometers
! ! ! !

Measures Acceleration Very Sensitive Contacting Measures Absolute Casing Motion Measures Very Low Frequency Measures Very High Frequency

Am p lifie r Co n n e c to r

Mo u n tin g S c re w P ie zo c e ram ic

S e is m ic Mas s

Co n ne c to r

Mo u n tin g B as e
2339b

S e is m ic Ma s s Am plifie r P ie zo c e ra mic s

Mo unting Bas e
2 3 3 9a

Co nne c to r

Am plifie r

P ie zo c e ra m ic s

S e is m ic Ma s s Mo unting Ba s e
2208a - R1

Vibration pp. 5

Compression Accelerometer
Commonly Used Wide Frequency Range Very Reliable Medium Turn-on Time (8-10 sec)
Co nne c to r

! !

! !

S e is m ic Mas s Am plifie r Pie zo c e ram ic s

Mo unting B as e
2339a

Vibration pp. 6

Flexure Accelerometers
! ! ! !

! !

Very Low Frequency Very Low Noise Small Size/High Output Long Turn-on Time (> 30 sec) Am plifie r Fragile Do not use with Mo unting B as e Magnets

Co nne c to r

Pie zo c e ram ic s

S e is m ic Mas s

2208a - R1

Vibration pp. 7

Shear Accelerometers
!Latest

Designs Am plifie r !Wide Frequency Range Co nn e c to r !Fast Turn-on Time ( 3 sec) !Fast Shock Recovery !Resists Thermal Mo unting Bas e Transients

Mo unting S c re w P ie zo c e ram ic

S e is m ic Mas s

2339b

Vibration pp. 8

Operational Range

Vibration pp. 9

Industrial Accelerometer Considerations


Am plifie r Mo unting S c re w Pie zo c e ram ic

High Resonance
Reduces Overload Shear PZT

Co nne c to r

S e is m ic Mas s

Mo unting Bas e

Low Noise
Co nne c to r

2339b

PZT required for low frequencies


!

Environmental Protection
Mispowering Protected ESD shunts Overload Reduction
Am plifie r Mo unting Bas e

S e is m ic Mas s Pie zo c e ramic s

2339a
Vibration pp. 10

Frequency Response
!

Resonance Governs Frequency Response


Small Mass = High Frequency Large Mass = Low Frequency

High Frequency can be shaped with filtering Low Frequency Response governed by Filter Setting
Filter used to cutoff low frequency noise and transients

Vibration pp. 11

Electronic Sensor Noise


Sets the Absolute Measurement Floor ! Increases as Frequency Decreases ! Dependant on Charge Sensitivity PZT Piezoceramics are very sensitive and must be used for Low Frequency Measurements
!

Vibration pp. 12

Sensitivity
1000 V 100 V

Charge Sensitivity is set by the mechanical design Voltage Sensitivity is set by the amplifier gain Low Sensitivity reduces overload High Sensitivity overcomes monitor noise PVTs provide very high outputs at low frequency

10 V 1 V
500 m V/g

Sensitivity 100 mV (re 1g input)


10 mV 1 mV 0.1 mV 0.01 mV 0.1 0.6 1 60

100 m V/g

100 m V/in/s e c

10 600

100 6k

1k 60k

10k 30k Hz 600k 1,800k c p m


2223a

Fre que nc y

Vibration pp. 13

Sensor Powering
!
SupplyV oltage

18 to30 VDC 2-10mA CCD

22 F
>

!
500K
R eadout Equipm ent

BiasV oltage

Connector

SCP (Standard Current Powering) Current Limited Voltage Supply Uses Bias Voltage

Amplifier Crystal

Shield

IsolationLayer

#625

Vibration pp. 14

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