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Model of Matter

Atoms are the smallest particles of an element that have the chemical properties of that element. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The number of protons identifies what element an atom is and is called the proton number or atomic number. Molecules are formed when two or more atoms combine chemically. Molecules of elements are made of atoms of the same element, while molecules of compounds contain atoms of two or more different elements. Chemical formulas represent the types and numbers of atoms in molecules. While atomic technologies have benefits, they also present social, ethical, and safety issues that require consideration.

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Farah Alisyah Ramadhani Binte Faizal
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16 views

Model of Matter

Atoms are the smallest particles of an element that have the chemical properties of that element. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The number of protons identifies what element an atom is and is called the proton number or atomic number. Molecules are formed when two or more atoms combine chemically. Molecules of elements are made of atoms of the same element, while molecules of compounds contain atoms of two or more different elements. Chemical formulas represent the types and numbers of atoms in molecules. While atomic technologies have benefits, they also present social, ethical, and safety issues that require consideration.

Uploaded by

Farah Alisyah Ramadhani Binte Faizal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 35

MODEL OF

MATTER
ATOMS AND MOLECULES
Learning Objectives
1. describe an atom as an entity that is electrically neutral and is made up of a positively charged
nucleus (protons and neutrons) with negatively charged electrons moving around the nucleus
2. recognise that atoms have mass that is mainly contributed by the mass of the nucleus
3. show an awareness that the atoms of an element have a unique number of protons
4. show an understanding that a molecule is a group of two or more atoms that are chemically
combined
5. state the numbers and types of atoms, given the chemical symbol of an element or the
chemical formula of a compound, e.g., carbon dioxide (Note: Writing of chemical formulae is
not required. Giant molecular compounds are also not required.)
6. compare the size of an atom with the sizes of everyday objects
7. compare atoms and molecules
8. show an appreciation of how in, practice, models are constructed, justified and continuously
revised as they are used to probe new phenomena and collect additional data (e.g., the
various atomic models)
9. show an awareness that technologies resulting from the knowledge of atoms have created
social and ethical issues, risks and costs (e.g., atomic bombs)
8.1
WHAT IS THE SIMPLEST UNIT
8.2
HOW CAN THE NUMBER
OF AN ELEMENT AND HOW OF PROTONS IN AN ATOM
DO WE REPRESENT ITS BE USED TO IDENTIFY
STRUCTURE? AN ELEMENT?

8.3
HOW DO WE REPRESENT THE
8.4
WHAT ARE SOME APPLICATIONS
SIMPLEST UNITS OF ELEMENTS OF ATOMIC TECHNOLOGIES AND
AND SOME COMPOUNDS? THE POSSIBLE ISSUES THAT
CAN ARISE FROM THEM?
8.1
WHAT IS THE SIMPLEST UNIT
OF AN ELEMENT AND HOW
DO WE REPRESENT ITS
STRUCTURE?
What is an atom?
● Atoms are the …………………………………………. of an element
that have ………………………………………….. of that element.

● Elements are made up of atoms


What is an atom?
● Atoms are the smallest particles of an element that have
the chemical properties of that element.

● Elements are made up of atoms


What is an atom?
● Atoms of an element are all ……………………………...
○ For example, one silver atom would be

identical to any other silver atom.

● The atoms of an element are different from


that of another element.
Size and Structure of an atom
Structure of an atom

Atoms are made up of three


types of particles
• Protons
• Neutrons
• Electrons
Structure of an atom
The relative mass and relative charge of the three
particles are:
Type of sub- Position in an
Relative Mass Relative Charge
atomic Particle atom
within the
Proton
nucleus
within the
Neutron
nucleus
around the
Electron 1/1840
nucleus
Structure of an atom
• …………………………… and ………………………..
make up the ………………………… of
an atom.
• The nucleus has a positive
charge. Almost all the mass
of an atom is contained in
its nucleus.

• …………………………………. move around


the nucleus in the electron
shells.
Structure of an atom

• An atom has no overall charge (i.e. an atom is electrically neutral)

• the …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

• Number of neutrons in an atom may differ and can be calculated


using mass number – atomic number
(covered in the next part 8.2)
Let us now
look at
Exercise 8.1.3
and 8.1.4
CREDITS: This presentation template was created
by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and
infographics & images by Freepik.
8.2
HOW CAN THE NUMBER OF
PROTONS IN AN ATOM
BE USED TO IDENTIFY AN
ELEMENT?
Define the term proton (atomic) number.

Proton Number (atomic number) of an atom is the number of


protons in the atom.
Define the term nucleon (mass) number.

The nucleon (mass) number of an atom is the total


number of protons and neutrons in the atom
Proton number
• Every element is identified by its ………………………………………... No
two elements can have the same number of protons in their
atoms. The number of protons in atoms differentiates one
element from another.

• Different elements will have different numbers of protons in


their atoms. Thus, they have different physical and chemical
properties

• The elements are arranged in order of …………………………………..


atomic/ proton number.
Proton number and Nucleon number
• Each atom has its own Proton Number (Atomic Number) and
Nucleon Number (Mass Number).

• An element with nucleon and proton numbers can be


represented in symbols in the following way:

C
Proton number
(atomic number) 6
chemical symbol
Nucleon number
(mass number) 12
Example
Fluorine is found in Group VII in the Periodic Table. Given the
information below, give the number of protons, electrons and
neutron in 1 atom of fluorine.

F
Number of protons = 9
9
19 Number of electrons = 9

Number of neutrons = 10
Example
State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each of
the atoms.
Proton Nucleon Number of
Element
Number Number Protons Electrons Neutrons
Li 3 7
P 15 31
Cl 17 35
K 19 39
S 16 32
Let’s Build an Atom

https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/build-an-
atom/latest/build-an-atom_en.html
Let us now
look at
Exercise 8.2
CREDITS: This presentation template was created
by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and
infographics & images by Freepik.
8.3
HOW DO WE REPRESENT THE
SIMPLEST UNITS OF
ELEMENTS AND SOME
COMPOUNDS?
Atoms and molecules
• An atom can combine with one or more atoms of the same
element or different elements to form molecules.

• A molecule is made up of two or more atoms that are


chemically combined.
Molecules
Diatomic Molecules
● molecules that are formed by
the combination of two atoms. Polyatomic Molecules
● E.g. hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen. • molecules consists of four or
more atoms that are chemically
combined together
Triatomic Molecules E.g. Phosphorus, Sulfur
● molecules that are formed by
the combination of three atoms.
● E.g. Ozone

What do you notice of these molecules?


Are they elements or compounds?
Molecules
What do you notice of this
molecule?

Is this an element or
compound?
Molecules

Made up of two or more atoms of different Made up of atoms of the same element
elements

Molecules of Compound Molecules of Element

E.g. A water molecule is made up of 2 E.g. A hydrogen molecule is made up


hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom of 2 hydrogen atoms
So how do we
differentiate
between
atoms and
molecules?
One Two One
hydrogen hydrogen hydrogen Hydrogen gas
atom atoms molecule

One oxygen One water


atom and two molecule
hydrogen atoms
water
Chemical Formula
● The chemical formula tells us the types of atoms and the
ratio of each type of atom in the compound.

The symbol tell us


that hydrogen and
H2O
oxygen atoms are The subscript ‘2’ tells us that
present in the there are two hydrogen atoms
compound O in one water molecule. The
ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is
H H 2:1
Examples
Glucose C6H12O6
• Each molecule of glucose contains six carbon atoms, twelve
hydrogen atoms and six oxygen atoms.
Carbon monoxide CO
• Each molecule of carbon monoxide gas contains one carbon
atom and one oxygen atom.
Water H2O
• Each molecule of water is made up of two hydrogen atoms
and one oxygen atom.
Let us now
look at
Exercise 8.3
CREDITS: This presentation template was created
by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and
infographics & images by Freepik.
8.4
WHAT ARE SOME APPLICATIONS OF
ATOMIC TECHNOLOGIES AND
THE POSSIBLE ISSUES THAT
CAN ARISE FROM THEM?
The Fusion Reactor – Future Technology?
Complete
the Practice
Questions
on page 117
and 118
CREDITS: This presentation template was created
by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and
infographics & images by Freepik.

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