Contents

Organizing committee — 1
Scientific committee — 1
Forewords — 3
Schedule — 5
Abstracts: Keynote speakers — 21
Abstracts: Invited Speakers — 28
Abstracts: Parallel session — 33
Speakers & partisipants — 161
International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society 2022

Organizing Committee
Ahmad Zaeni, chairman
La Ode Ahmad, vice chairman
Zainal Syam Arifin, member
Laode Abdul Kadir, member
Fahmiati, member

Scientific Committee
Muhammad Nurdin, Universitas Halu Oleo
I. Sahidin, Universitas Halu Oleo
Hamzah Fansuri, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Mashuni, Universitas Halu Oleo/Institut Sains Teknologi dan Kesehatan ‘Aisyiyah
Maulidiyah, Universitas Halu Oleo
Muhammad Arba, Universitas Halu Oleo
Ruslin, Universitas Halu Oleo
Akrajas Ali Umar, University Kebangsaan Malaysia
M. Natsir, Universitas Halu Oleo
Ahmad Zaeni, Universitas Halu Oleo
La Ode Ahmad, Universitas Halu Oleo
Armid, Universitas Halu Oleo
Seitaro Mitsudo, University of Fukui

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 1

International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society 2022

Supporting Team
Advisory Board: Rector Universitas Halu Oleo, Vice Rector IV Universitas Halu Oleo,
Dean FMIPA Universitas Halu Oleo, Vice Dean I Dean FMIPA Universitas
Halu Oleo, Vice Dean II FMIPA Universitas Halu Oleo, Vice Dean III FMIPA
Universitas Halu Oleo:
Chairman Assistant: Alimin, Sitti Hadijah Sabarwati, Fahmiati, Alfattah Nur Halifah
Program Affairs: Muh. Zakir Muzakkar, Sapto Raharjo, Al Wahab, Iqbal Muhammad
Sya’bani
Public Relation Affairs: Thamrin Azis, La Ode Ahmad Nur Ramadhan, Abdul Haris
Watoni, Iwan Jaya Samudra, Muhamad Ramadan
Documentation and Publication: Nohong, Halimahtussaddiyah Ritonga, Zainal Syam
Arifin, Ahid Hidayat, Alibonto, Yusuf Ahmad Husaeni
Transportation Affairs: Imran, Darwin Ismail, Muh. Ramadhan
Miscellaneous Affairs: Laily Nurliana, Salamang Mamang, Fitria Dewi
Forewords

The main task of a lecturer, besides teaching and doing community service, is
conducting research. The research results that have been carried out need to be
socialized and published in the appropriate forum. The international conference of
the Indonesian chemical association is the right place to disseminate various research
results on the chemical family and those related to chemistry.
ICICS 2022 will be held in Kendari on the initiative and collaboration between
the Indonesian Chemical Association and Halu Oleo University chemists. ICICS
is a routine activity carried out once a year with the implementation in rotation by
universities that have been approved.
ICICS raised the sustainable mining, environment, industry, and health theme
this year. However, your valuable works and ideas in all branches of chemistry,
such as mining, isolation and chemical synthesis, including chemistry education,
instrumentation and applied chemistry, whether related to energy, food, materials,
environment, life, industry and health, are welcome to be presented at this conference.
The implementation of this year’s conference, considering that COVID-19 has not
yet fully ended, the meeting will be held in a hybrid manner by allowing participants
to present their research results online and offline. Therefore, the number of online
participants is limited to minimize the spread of COVID-19, which will add to the
problem
The keynote speakers presented at this activity were Prof. Akrajas Ali Umar, PhD
from Malaysia, and Prof. Dr Seitaro Mitsudo from Japan, Assoc. Prof. Suzi Malan,
PhD from Canada and the Regent of Konawe Kery Saiful Konggoasa and the Regent
of North Konawe, Dr Ir. H. Ruksamin, S.T., M.Sc., IPM. ASEAN Eng. Nine invited
speakers came from various leading universities in Indonesia. In this activity, no less
than 40 universities presented their writings.
I hope this activity can bring together chemists from all over Indonesia with
partners from other countries such as Japan, Malaysia and Canada. The committee
has tried their best in organizing this activity, but if there are still shortcomings in the
implementation, please understand.
Welcome to the seminar and enjoy yourself.

Ahmad Zaeni
Chairman of the Committee

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 3

International Conference of the Indonesian Chemistry Society 2022
Kendari, 12th October 2022

Opening Ceremony
Time Agenda
07.00-08.00 Registration of participants
08.00-08.40 Opening ceremony
1) Mondotambe dance
2) Indonesia Raya
3) Forewords from Committee’s Chairman
4) Welcome Speech from Rector of Universitas Halu Oleo

Plenary Session
Time Keynote Speaker
08.40-09.10 Muhammad Zamrun F., Rector of Universitas Halu Oleo, Indonesia
(Moderator: La Ode Ahmad)
09.10-09.30 coffee break
09.30-10.00 Akrajas Ali Umar, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
10.00-10.30 Seitaro Mitsudo, University of Fukui, Japan
10.30-11.00 Suzi Malan, The University of British Columbia
(Moderator: Analuddin)
11.10-11.35 Kery Saiful Konggoasa, Regent of Konawe District
11.35-12.00 Ruksamin, Regent of North Konawe District
(Moderator: Armid)
12.10-13.00 lunch break

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 5

Parallel Session

Parallel Session A (Sustainable Organics)

No. Time Code Presenter Join
1st Session
1 13.00-13.20 A00A I. Sahidin Online
Modified research targets in increasing publication
and student participation in the study on marine
natural products compounds
2 13.20-13.30 A001 Reni Yunus Offline
Phytochemical analysis, rappelant and larvacidal
potency test of Langsat (Lansium domesticum)
against Dengue hemorrhagic fever vectors
3 13.30-13.40 A002 Nasriadi Dali Offline
Highly selective and sensitive determination
of Pb(II) ions using ion selective electrodes
(ISE) coated with the BEC6ND1 ionophore as
membranes
4 13.40-13.50 A003 Nur Naila Offline
Al-CMC-durian seed starch-based eco-friendly
superabsorbent as a water retention agent
5 13.50-14.00 A004 Maulidiyah Offline
Examination of high antifungal activity (Candida
albicans and Aspergillus niger) over acetone extract
from lichen Usnea Sp.
6 14.00-14.10 A005 Zakaria Offline
Toxicity test using the brine shrimp lethality test
(BSLT) method on extract of stem bark, stem
wood, and leaves on bayur plants (Pterospermum
diversifolium)
2nd Session
7 14.10-14.20 A006 Dian Wardana Online
Esterification of palm fatty acid dsitillate (PFAD)
into methyl ester based on amberlist catalyst in
continous reactor
8 14.20-14.30 A007 Ade Heri Mulyati Online
Determination of physicochemical, micro­
biological, and shelf life of cookies and brownies
from cempedak (Artocarpus champeden) seed
flour

6 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society 2022

No. Time Code Presenter Join
9 14.30-14.40 A008 Siti Warnasih Online
Antioxidant activity and identification of
secondary metabolite compounds of ketapang
(Terminalia catappa L.) leaf extract by LC-ESI-
QTOF-MS/MS
10 14.40-14.50 A009 Ni Made Puspawati Online
The potency of extract methanol of Protium
javanicum Burm.F leaves in inhibiting lipid
peroxidation in wistar rats exposed to cigarette
smoke
11 14.50-15.00 A010 Laily Nurliana Offline
The synthesis of methyl ester nitrate from ketapang
seed oil (Terminalia catappa L.)
12 15.00-15.10 A011 Indriani Online
Isolation and characterization of flavonoid
derivative of ethyl acetate extract of kemerakan
sapenit (Bauhinia latisiliqua) and its activity as
antioxidant
15.10-15.30 Break
3st Session
13 15.30-15.50 A00B Asrial Online
14 15.50-16.00 A014 Sernita Sernita Offline
Anticancer assay of methanol extract of Gracilaria
salicornia originating from the Hari islands,
Southeast Sulawesi, against MCF-7 cancer cells in
vitro
15 16.00-16.10 A015 Henny Dwi Yanti Online
Varicosenone, a new steroid with a flexible side
chain from the Indonesian nudibranch Phyllidia
varicosa
16 16.10-16.20 A016 Hasbullah Syaf Offline
Growth analysis of post-nickel mining reclamation
plants fed with modified organic matter on
Kabaena island (studies on kusambi, angsana, and
wola plants)
17 16.20-16.30 A017 Sernita Sernita Offline
Anticancer assay of methanol extract of Gracilaria
salicornia originating from the Hari islands,
Southeast Sulawesi, against MCF-7 cancer cells in
vitro

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 7

No. Time Code Presenter Join
18 16.30-16.40 A018 Rurini Retnowati Online
Green methodology using Capsicum annuum var.
Grossuum extract for identification of animal fats
4st Session
19 16.40-16.50 A019 Nazarul Offline
Spatial mapping of flood vulnerability levels in
the Langkumbe watershed (DAS) of North Buton
regency
20 16.50-17.00 A020 Isnaini Offline
Bis (-2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate compound as
antibacterial from sponge Stylotella sp
21 17.00-17.10 A021 Nirmala Febriani Online
Activity of chlorophyll B from green kastuba leaves
(Euphorbia pulcherrima) as an organic inhibitors
of carbon steel corrosion
22 17.10-17.20 A023 Rosdiana Eso Offline
Infrared spectroscopy analysis and chemical
properties of inceptisols (cambisols) for
agricultural development land
Closing

Parallel Session B (Biochemistry)

No Time Code Presenter Join
1 Session st

1 13.00-13.20 B00A Tatas H.P. Brotosudarmo Online

Separation and characterization of fucoxanthin
carotenoid isomers from edible brown seaweed
2 13.20-13.30 B001 Dwita Oktiarni Offline
Isolation and characterization of cellulolytic
enzyme obtained from macrotermes gilvus gut in
Indralaya peatlands, Indonesia
3 13.30-13.40 B003 Catur Joko Widodo Widodo Offline
Control of Begomovirus in Cayenne Pepper
(Capsicum frutescens L) with Barrier
Combination Design

8 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society 2022

No Time Code Presenter Join
4 13.40-13.50 B005 Febriani Febriani Online
Identification of polypeptide antibiotic in
methanol fraction produced by a thermo-
halophilic bacterium from Pria Laot Sabang 76
isolate
5 13.50-14.00 B006 Catur Joko Widodo Widodo Offline
Control of begomovirus in cayenne pepper
(Capsicum frutescens L) with barrier combination
design
6 14.00-14.10 B007 Muzuni Muzuni Offline
Characterization of type 1 L-Asparaginase
encoding gene of thermohalophilic bacteria
CAT3.4 isolate from Wawolesea hot springs North
Konawe Southeast Sulawesi
2st Session
7 14.10-14.20 B009 Fina Khaerunnisa Frima Online
Purification and characterization of recombinant
α-Amylase BmaN1 from Bacillus megaterium NL3
8 14.20-14.30 B010 Agus Setiawan Offline
Composition and diversity of vegetation types in
three agroforestry patterns
9 14.30-14.40 B012 Nurhadi Syahputra Pohan Online
Antibacterial properties and toxicity of gagatan
harimau (Paraboea leuserensis B.L. Burt) ethanol
extract
10 14.40-14.50 B013 Amin Fatoni Online
Electrochemical glucose biosensor fabrication
using Chitosan-NiFe2O4 cryogel
11 14.50-15.00 B014 Miranda Nur Offline
Methylene blue increases electric current with
a microbial fuel cell system using leachate and
pottery membranes
12 15.00-15.10 B015 Istri Ratnadewi Offline
Immobilization of endo-β-1,4-d-xilanase using
alginate/nanocellulose for xilooligosacharide
production
15.10-15.30 Break
3st Session

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 9

 No Time Code Presenter Join
13 15.30-15.50 B016 Nur Arfa Yanti Offline
Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of bacterial
cellulose-based edible film from sago liquid waste
incorporated with spices
14 15.50-16.00 B017 Ari Asnani Online
The effect of combined natural dyes on the color
fastness of natural color batik
15 16.00-16.10 B018 Muhammad Istianandar Offline
Effect of nickel on energy produced by plant
microbial fuel cell using Ipomoea aquatica
16 16.10-16.20 B020 Kangkuso Analuddin Offline
Carbon and nutrients organics deposition by
mangroves of Rhizophoraceae family growing in
the coral triangle, Southeast Sulawesi
17 16.20-16.30 B021 Ali Bonto Offline
Effect of nickel on energy generated by plant
microbial fuel cell using Amaranthus caudatus
18 16.30.16.40 B022 Nurnaningsih Hamzah Offline
Medicinal plants dan their uses by the community
around KPH Gantara Southeast Sulawesi,
Indonesia
4st Session
19 16.40.16.50 B023 Ari Asnani Online
Isolation and identification of phytase producing
microorganism from Segara Anakan Cilacap
20 16.50.17.00 B024 Taufik Walhidayah Offline
Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of bacterial
cellulose-based edible film from sago liquid waste
incorporated with spices
21 17.00-17.10 B025 La Ode Muh Munadi Online
Plant species in oil palm plantation area Kolaka
Regency, Indonesia
22 17.10-17.20 B039 Sitti Wirdhana Ahmad Offline
Species richness, diversity and BMWP index of
invertebrate assemblages in wetland ecosystem,
Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Closing

10 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society 2022

Parallel Session C (Computational Chemistry & Chemical Engineering)
No Time Code Presenter Join
1 Session
st

1 13.00-13.20 C00A Muhamad Abdulkadir Martoprawiro Offline

Past, present, and future of the Indonesian
Chemical Society (HKI)
2 13.20-13.30 C001 La Agusu Offline
Preparation of micrometer Li1.05Mn1.95O4 by
ceramic method using the manganese ore as Mn
sources
3 13.30-13.40 C002 Arie Hardian Offline
Synthesis of SnO2-ZnFe2O4 composite ceramics
as magnetics photocatalyst for methylene blue
degradation
4 13.40-13.50 D001 Alimin Alimin Offline
Kinetics and thermodynamic equilibrium of
nickel metal ions sorption on carbon nanofibers
irradiated by ultrasonic energy
5. 13.50-14.00 D003 Ikhsan Mustari Online
Chemoselective hydrogenolysis biomass-derived
furfuryl alcohol into 1,5-pentanediol over TiO2-
ZrO2 supported bimetallic ruthenium-tin catalysts
6. 14.00-14.10 D004 Parsaoran Siahaan Online
Validation of the carboxymethyl chitosan…
vitamin C interactions on the electronic level by
DFT approach
2nd Session
7 14.10-14.20 D005 Tribidasari A. Ivandini Offline
Surface study of boron-doped diamond electrodes
related to its electrochemical properties
8 14.20-14.30 D006 Dwi Febriantini Offline
Effect of solvent on antifoam performance for
delayed coker unit
9 14.30-14.40 D008 Mochamad zakki Fahmi Offline
Nitrogen-phosphorus modified carbon dots for
quantitaive sensing of histamine
10 14.40-14.50 D009 La Agusu Offline
Mn3O4 resistive inks synthesized from the
manganese ore for application in printed
electronics technology

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 11

 No Time Code Presenter Join
11 14.50-15.00 D010 La Agusu Offline
Study on the mineral change of manganese ore due
to thermal treatment
12 15.00-15.10 D011 Paulus Abram Online
Introduction of dragon frut peel (Hylocereus
polyrhizus) as an adhesive for meking briquettes
from ketapang (Terminalia catappa L)
15.10-15.30 Break
3 Session
rd

13 15.30-15.50 C00B I Wayan Warmada

Sustainable mining practices: The role of chemists
and geochemists in the sustainable mining industry.
14 15.50-16.00 D012 Meytij Jeanne Rampe Online
Surface struktur and chemical composition of
coconut shell charcoal using nira aren (Arenga
pinnata) acid activation
15 16.00-16.10 D013 La Ode Aman Offline
The secondary metabolites potential of genus
sinularia soft coral as anticancer through
inhibition of DYRK2, CDK4 and PD-1: Docking
molecular simulation
16 16.10-16.20 F021 Alimin Alimin Offline
Production and characterization of nickel oxide
nanostructures loaded on carbon nanofibers using
liquid phase adsorption-thermal oxidation
17 16.20-16.30 F023 Agung Bagus Pambudi Online
Pore structure and properties of geopolymer
membrane from metakaolin: Effect of metal oxide
18 16.30.16.40 F024 Adi Darmawan Offline
Effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
(CTAB) content on Hydrophobicity of thin layer
silica derived from Sodium Silicate (Na2SiO3) and
Dimethoxydimethylsilane (DMDMS)
4st Session
19 16.40.16.50 G001 Ika Kusuma Nugraheni Online
The application of Acid catalyst in reducing free
fatty Acids number in liquid waste of instant
noodle industry

12 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society 2022

 No Time Code Presenter Join
20 16.50.17.00 G002 Yasmin Annisa Online
Optimization of ulvan biopolymer extraction from
Ulva Sp. using ultrasound microwave extraction as
a biodegradable plastic material
21 17.00-17.10 G003 Dwiprayogo Wibowo Offline
Highly adsorption-photoactive tablet-shaped
graphite-TiO2 composites for handling organic
dyes pollutant
22 17.10-17.20 G004 Darmawan Mukharror Online
Analysis of hydrocarbon gas onshore pipeline
accidents in Indonesia as the basis for failure
frequency assessment in a quantitative risk
assessment
Closing

Parallel Session D (Analitycal Chemistry)

No Time Code Presenter Join
1 Session
st

1 13.00-13.20 D00A Muhammad Nurdin

Nickel mining and its environmental impact
2 13.20-13.30 E001 Budi Putra Online
Development of hydrazine sensor based on
modified glassy carbon electrode
3 13.30-13.40 E002 Irdhawati Irdhawati Offline
Carbon paste electrode modified with natural
bentonite for analysis of ion Pb(II) in sea water at
Serangan beach, Bali
4 13.40-13.50 E003 Rudi Heryanto Offline
The development of portable visible
spectrophotometer for discrimination of the origin
of Java tea
5. 13.50-14.00 E004 Isnaini Rahmawati Offline
Enhanced luminol electrochemiluminescence
for hydrogen peroxide detection using gold
Nanoparticles@Polyaniline-modified boron-doped
diamond electrode

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 13

 No Time Code Presenter Join
6 14.00-14.10 E005 Wulan Tri Wahyuni Online
Optimization of uric acid detection with Au
nanorod-decorated graphene oxide (GO/AuNR)
using response surface methodology
2st Session
7 14.10-14.20 E006 Restiara Pramesti Offline
Effect of rapid and slow stirring on floc growth in
biocoagulation of peat water with jackfruit seeds
(Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) as measuring by
DinoCapture 2.0
8 14.20-14.30 E007 Sofia Loren Butarbutar Online
Water cooling quality analysis of RSG-gas research
reactor and interm storage spent fuel (ISSF)
9 14.30-14.40 E008 Ni Putu Eka Radianti Online
Optimization of biodiesel synthesis from
nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum Linn)
seed oil by enzymatically using response surface
methodology
10 14.40-14.50 E009 Eviomitta Rizki Amanda Online
Molecularly imprinted polymer chitosan-Sodium
Tripolyphosphate: synthesis and application for
extraction of antibiotic residues in agricultural
products
11 14.50-15.00 E010 Khairuddin Khairuddin Online
Hexadesiltrimethylammonium (HDTMA)
surfactant modified cellulose in DGT system for
determination of phosphate concentration in
aquatic environment
12 15.00-15.10 E011 Muhammad Reska Offline
Study on the use of natural fiber on adsorption
method using pineapple (Ananas comosus) and
flax (Cannabis sativa ssp.) leaf fiber in leachate
treatment
15.10-15.30 Break
3st Session
13 15.30-15.50 D00B Mashuni
Biosensor validation in pesticide analysis
14 15.50-16.00 E012 Farikhatul Fitria Online
Green approach of peat water treatment
(coagulation) using azadirachta indica seed

14 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society 2022

 No Time Code Presenter Join
15 16.00-16.10 E013 Muhammad Ramadhan Offline
Synthesis of Fe3O4-SiO2/GO as adsorbent
batik’s dye remazol turquoise blue G-133 and
remazol red RB-133: Equilibrium, kinetics and
thermodynamics mechanism
16 16.10-16.20 E016 Nurrahmi Handayani Online
Synthesis and characterization of Di(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate molecular imprinted polymer nanofibers
(DEHP MIPs-NF)
17 16.20-16.30 E017 Mohamad Rafi Offline
Phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of
Intsia bijuga with different extraction methods
18 16.30.16.40 E018 Ani Mulyasuryani Offline
Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based on
chitosan in the development of electrochemical
sensors for the detection of 4-aminophenol
4st Session
19 16.40.16.50 E019 Hanandayu Widwiastuti Offline
Effect of number of template and pH on the
voltammetry determination of paracetamol using
starch/PVA modified carbon electrode
20 16.50.17.00 E020 Halimahtussaddiyah Ritonga Offline
Preparation of chitosan-succinate hydrogel as
soil conditioner for soybean plant (Glycine max L
Merril)
21 17.00-17.10 E022 Dina Lestari Offline
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity
of essential oil of Pogostemon cablin collected from
Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
22 17.10-17.20 E023 Arie Hardian Offline
Textile wastewater treatment using polypyrrole
membranes with the basic component of
polyphenol oxidase from white oyster mushroom
23 17.20-17.30 E024 Arie Hardian Offline
Formaldehyde electrochemical sensor using
Chitosan-Glutaraldehyde/ZnO-Nanoparticles
electrode
Closing

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 15

Parallel Session E (Material Science)
No Time Code Presenter Join
1 Session
st

1 13.00-13.20 E00A Hamzah Fansuri Online

2 13.20-13.30 F001 Roza Linda Offline
Nano Silica from North Rupat beach sand
3 13.30-13.40 F002 Endang Tri Wahyuni Offline
Doping TiO2 with Cr and Cu elements from
electroplating wastewater for improving the
photocatalyst activity under visible light for dye
degradation
4 13.40-13.50 F003 Eko Sri Kunarti Online
The effect of sulfur concentrations as a dopant on
TiO2/Fe3O4 photocatalytic efficiency of Cr(VI)
ions reduction
5. 13.50-14.00 F004 Saiful Saiful Offline
Bio-cellulose antibacterial membrane as a mask
filter material to protect against bacteria and
viruses
6 14.00-14.10 F005 Desinta Dwi Ristiana Online
Adsorption of Cu(II), Mn(II), and Zn(II) on
Chitosan modified Silica/natural magnetic
particles: Kinetic and isotherm approach
2st Session
7 14.10-14.20 F006 Yulia Mariana Tesa Ayudia Putri Offline
Synthesis of NiCo MOF-74 on anodized nickel
oxide porous as an anode catalyst for urea/H2O2
fuel cell
8 14.20-14.30 F007 Muhammad Nurdin Offline
High performance for photocatalytic degradation
of Methylene blue based on pillared clay S-TiO2
9 14.30-14.40 F008 Maulidiyah Offline
Utilization of Fe-TiO2 as a heterogeneous catalyst
for biodiesel production from coconut oil
10 14.40-14.50 F009 Muhammad Nurdin Offline
Photoanode solar cell utilizing Sulphur-TiO2
Nanocomposite with doctor blade coating
technique

16 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society 2022

No Time Code Presenter Join
11 14.50-15.00 F010 Nurul Hidayat Aprilita Online
8-hydroxyquinoline modified coal bottom ash-
silica sand as an adsorbent for methyl violet 2b
DYE
12 15.00-15.10 F011 Zul Arham Offline
Synthesis and characterization of TiO2@Carbon
dots nanocomposites using electrolysis potential
variation
15.10-15.30 Break
3st Session
13 15.30-15.50 E00B Irmina Kris Murwani
14 15.50-16.00 F012 Afiten Rahmin Sanjaya Offline
Preparation of Graphene/MnO2-modified Nickel
foam for supercapacitors
15 16.00-16.10 F013 Muhammad Nurdin Offline
Electrocatalytical performance of Graphene
modified Sulphur-TiO2 Nanocomposite for
determination formaldehyde compound
16 16.10-16.20 F014 Icheu Dini Widia Sari Offline
Potential of Nanosuspension based TiO2/Carbon
as the antifungal agent of Phytophthora palmivora
of cocoa fruit rot
17 16.20-16.30 F015 Nuryono Nuryono Offline
Mechanical and antibacterial property
improvement of mineral trioxide aggregate by
adding cuo nanoparticles
18 16.30.16.40 F016 Muhammad Zakir Muzakkar Offline
Syntesis and characteristic of TiO2/Ti electrode
doped Sulfur (S) calchogenic material
4st Session
19 16.40.16.50 F017 Maulidiyah Offline
Photocatalytic inactivation of pathogenic
microorganisms using Nanospray TiO2
incorporation silver dioxide
20 16.50.17.00 F018 Dwi Febriantini Offline
Gallic acid-assisted synthesis of novel ZrO2
nanoparticle and its properties

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 17

 No Time Code Presenter Join
21 17.00-17.10 F019 Ida Ayu Gede Widihati Offline
Effectiveness of ZnO-PILC as a heterogen catalyst
for alpha-toceferol synthesis
22 17.10-17.20 F020 Retno Ariadi Lusiana Offline
Synthesis and characterization of sulfonated poly
ether sulfone/Chitosan membranes as creatinine
transport
Closing

Parallel Session F (Education and Live Science)

No Time Code Presenter Join
1 Session
st

1 13.00-13.20 J005 Sulistyo Saputro Offline

Transformative learning approach using think pair
share (tps) learning model to empower students’
collaboration and communication skills in buffer
solution
2 13.20-13.30 J002 Elsa Sriwahyuni Online
Analysis of learning objectives flow in chemistry
class X Kurikulum Merdeka to achieve scientific
literacy on green chemistry in sustainable
development
3 13.40-13.50 J004 Rusmansyah Rusmansyah Online
Improving self-regulated learning and student
learning outcomes with the flipped classroom-
Edmodo model
4 13.50-14.00 H001 Nuralifah Nuralifah Online
Nitric oxide (NO) and Malondialdehyde (MDA)
levels in DM model rats after administration of
teak leave ethanol extract (Tectona Grandis L.)
5 14.00-14.10 H002 Darwin Ismail Offline
Analysis of river quality and sustainability status of
Konaweha river management for raw water supply
in Kendari city
2st Session
6 14.10-14.20 I002 Zainal Abidin Online
Sago: The future of Indonesia’s national sugar self-
sufficiency

18 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society 2022

 No Time Code Presenter Join
7 14.20-14.30 E025 Uswatun Hasanah Online
Development of cinnarizine analysis method in
human blood plasma using UPLC MS/MS
8 14.30-14.40 E026 Fitri Handayani Hamid Offline
Characterization of cocoa pod husk bio-oil and its
application as antifungal in improving the cocoa
seeds quality
9 14.40-14.50 B026 Gusti Ayu Kade Sutariati Online
Growth response of hot pepper (Capsicum
annuum L.) on the application of liquid organic
fertilizer plus biological agents and AB-Mix in a
hydroponic system
10 14.50-15.00 B027 Muhsin Offline
Diversity of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizas
(VAM) on agricultural land in karst area, Central
Buton, province Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
11 15.00-15.10 B028 Tri Novia Yuliana Online
The effect of various sterilization method and
volume containers towards phytochemical contens
of Phyllantus urinaria
15.10-15.30 Break
3st Session
13 15.30-15.40 J006 Suyanta Offline
Practicum-based learning video: How is the
product development and thee quality of the
product?
14 15.40-15.50 B029 Sri Anggarini Rasyid Online
Imunomodulator test of purified extract of pokea
shellfish (Batissa violacea celebensis Martens 1897)
on phagocytic activity of macrophages in mice
BALB/c
15 15.50-16.00 B030 Sri Ambardini Offline
Growth and accumulation of metallic mercury
(Hg) in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)
seedlings planted in post gold mining Bombana
soil with concentration treatment of cow manure
16 16.00-16.10 B031 Iis Afrisa Hamid Offline
Electric potential of tofu production liquid waste
using microbial fuel cell methode with pottery
membrane

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 19

 No Time Code Presenter Join
17 16.10-16.20 B032 Nur Sila Alisi Offline
Effect of activated sludge in degradation of
wastewater contained detergent
18 16.20.16.30 B035 Hasnah Natsir Online
Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activities
of Moringa seed methanol extract
4st Session
19 16.30.16.40 B036 Trivadila Offline
In vitro kinetics of pancreatic lipase inhibition by
asam gelugur and kunci pepet water extracts
20 16.40.16.50 B037 Habibi Hidayat Offline
Identification of chemical compounds from
Moringa seeds (Moringa oleifera) as an anti­
bacterial agents
21 16.50-17.00 B038 Siti Masruroh Online
The inhibition alpha-glucosidase of bheta-
sitosterol from spons (Haliclona sp.)
Closing

20 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society 2022

Abstracts
Keynote & Invited Speakers
Abstract
Akrajas Ali Umar
University Kebangsaan Malaysia

Until this abstracts book is published temporarily, the abstract has not been submitted
to the committee.

22 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

Microwave energy utilization for sustainable mining and society
Seitaro Mitsudo
Department of Applied Physics, University of Fukui, Fukui, Bunkyo 3-9-1, Japan
email: [email protected]

Japan is a country where many weather disasters occur. In recent years, heavy rains
have caused floods every year, and extreme heat has caused many health and economic
activity risks. It is not easy to clarify the relationship between climate change due to
global warming and these disasters, but it is believed that reducing global warming
will reduce these risks. Therefore, the Japanese government has declared that it will
aim to become carbon neutral by 2050, balancing greenhouse gas emissions and
absorption. This is not something that only Japan should tackle, but the world needs
to work on it. To create a sustainable society in which future generations can live more
prosperously and with peace of mind, we need to work on technological development
that will enable a carbon-neutral or decarbonized society.
In Japan, GX (Green Transformation) and in the European Union (EU) as EGD
(European Green Deal), a new growth strategy has been announced to realize carbon
neutrality and make it sustainable. Among these, it is required to promote the use of
renewable energy such as solar power and wind power generation. In 2019, the iron
and steel industry accounted for 40 % of the CO2 emissions in the industrial sector in
Japan, followed by the chemical industry at 15%, accounting for about half of these two
sectors. It is important to promote the reduction of these CO2 emissions.
We have been conducting research focusing on microwave energy as a new energy
alternative to thermal power. There are various definitions of microwaves, but roughly
speaking, it is a general term for electromagnetic waves with frequencies as high as
300 MHz to 300 GHz. It is sometimes called by dividing the frequency band into more
detailed millimeter waves and submillimeter waves. The most common microwave
frequency in use is 2.45 GHz. It is mainly used in household microwave ovens.
Oscillators called magnetron oscillators can be used at low cost. Fukui University is
also developing an electron tube called a gyrotron that can oscillate higher frequency
electromagnetic waves. Material heating experiments were conducted using the
developed 300 GHz gyrotron.
Microwave energy has several characteristics. One is that it is an energy with a
low environmental impact. Renewable energy can be used because it can be generated
mainly with electricity only. In addition, there is no generation of gas such as CO2 like
combustion. The next characteristic is that heating can be performed selectively. By
carefully choosing the materials, you can heat only what you want without heating the
entire furnace like conventional heating. In addition, since heat is generated internally
by the object itself, heat conduction is not required, and the temperature of the entire
object can be raised in a short period of time. This allows a short process time. Most
interestingly, selective heating can create a non-thermal equilibrium state within the

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 23

material. In this way, when there is a flow of energy, a peculiar phenomenon occurs.
Phenomena called non-thermal effects of microwave heating are often attributed to
this non-equilibrium heating.
In this presentation, we will report on the application of microwave heating in the
ceramics field that we have been working on and the non-thermal effects that appear
there. We also report on research on microwave nickel smelting and recycling recently
initiated in collaboration with Haluoleo University. In addition, we plan to report on
the decomposition of plastics and the recovery of hydrogen using microwaves.

24 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

Abstract
Suzi Malan
The University of British Columbia

Until this abstracts book is published temporarily, the abstract has not been submitted
to the committee.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 25

Abstract
Kery Saiful Konggoasa
The University of British Columbia

Until this abstracts book is published temporarily, the abstract has not been submitted
to the committee.

26 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

Peran pemerintah daerah dalam pengelolaan pertambangan yang
berkelanjutan untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat (kasus Kabupaten
Konawe Utara)
Ruksamin
Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Konawe Utara

Kegiatan usaha pertambangan mineral berperan penting dalam memberikan nilai

tambah secara nyata dalam pengembangan industri hulu yang menopang bergeraknya
kegiatan-kegiatan industri hilir untuk mendukung pembangunan Nasional dan
khususnya di daerah Sulawesi Tenggara guna meningkatkan taraf kesejahteraan rakyat.
Usaha pertambangan mineral juga memperkenalkan teknologi, manajemen modern,
dan penyerapan tenaga kerja, sebagai sumber devisa negara dan meningkatkan
pendapatan asli daerah. Pada sisi lain, kegiatan pertambangan mempunyai karakteristik
tidak dapat diperbarui, mempunyai resiko relatif lebih tinggi dan pengusahaannya
mempunyai dampak lingkungan yang relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan pengusahaan
komoditas lain pada umumnya seperti kerusakan/pencemaran lingkungan baik
air, darat, dan udara, kebisingan, serta konflik sosial. Oleh karena itu, pentingnya
penerapan pengelolaan pertambangan yang berkelanjutan perlu disadari oleh setiap
elemen bangsa, karena persoalan lingkungan merupakan permasalahan bersama.
Pengelolaaan pertambangan mineral harus terjamin hak warga negara terhadap hak
lingkungan yang baik dan sehat, sebagaimana diatur di Pasal 28 H ayat (1) Undang-
Undang Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 bahwa “Setiap orang berhak hidup
sejahtera lahir dan batin, bertempat tinggal, dan mendapat lingkungan yang baik dan
sehat serta berhak memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan.” Undang-Undang Nomor 3
Tahun 2020 tentang Mineral dan Batubara telah menetapkan sumber daya mineral dan
batu bara (minerba). Namun diharapkan daerah tetap akan mendapatkan manfaat,
bahkan diharapkan lebih besar, dari pengelolaan minerba pasca-penerbitan UU No.
3/2020. Walaupun pemerintah daerah sudah tidak memiliki kewenangan dalam
pengelolaan pertambangan, dalam hal menjaga kegiatan pengusaan pertambangan
agar tetap memperhatikan kelestarian lingkungan, pemerintah daerah masih bisa
meningkatkan kegiatan pengawasan dan pembinaan lingkungan agar sesuai dengan
yang sudah direncanakan dalam UKL/UPL dan/atau AMDAL dari kegiatan usaha
agar benar-benar dilaksanakan oleh para pelaku usaha pertambangan di daerah. Jika
didapati terdapat hal-hal yang melanggar maka pemerintah daerah dapat memberikan
rekomendasi kepada pemerintah pusat untuk pencabutan izin lingkungan kegiatan
pengelolaan pertambangan, dan jika berada di kawasan industri maka pemerintah
daerah berhak untuk tidak menerbitkan dan/atau mencabut izin lingkungan yang
sudah diberikan.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 27

 A00A

Modified research targets in increasing publication and student

participation in the study on marine natural products compounds
I. Sahidin1*, Adryan Fristiohady1, Baru Sadarun1, Agung Wibawa Mahatva Yodha2
1
Universitas Halu Oleo, Indonesia
2
Politeknik Kesehatan Bina Husada, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

Sulawesi Tenggara Province has 651 islands (361 named, 290 unnamed), 74.25 % of
the area is sea (www.Bangwilsultrablog). This causes the province to be rich in marine
natural resources, especially non-fish (sponges and soft corals). The study of chemical
and pharmaceutical aspects of sponges and soft corals from Southeast Sulawesi is still
very limited. Therefore, this paper describes the study of chemical and pharmaceutical
aspects of sponges and soft corals at Universitas Halu Oleo. The First method included
isolation pure compounds, structure elucidation and biological activities. The second
method consists of compounds profiling by LC-MS/MS, isolation pure compounds,
structure elucidation and biological activities. The results showed that the first method
with only pure compounds as research target, produced in little data and few students
who could be involved, such as in sponge research (Xestospongia sp and Clathria
sp). The second methods with changes in research targets by adding profiling using
LC-MS/MS in addition to compound purification resulted in more data and more
students involved so that the opportunity for publication was greater, such as in soft
coral research (Nepthea sp and Lobophytum sp).
Keywords: research targets, publication, student participation, marine natural
resourches, Southeast Sulawesi

28 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 B00A

Separation and characterization of fucoxanthin carotenoid

isomers from edible brown seaweed
Tatas Hardo Panintingjati Brotosudarmo
Universitas Ciputra, Citraland CBD Boulevard, Surabaya 60219, Indonesia
email: [email protected]

Fucoxanthin is a carotenoid which currently gaining popularity as a function food

and pharmaceutical benefit. Previously, it was reported that the inhibitory activity of
13-cis and 13’-cis fucoxanthin isomers on cancer cell growth was stronger than that of
the all-trans form. An average amount between 1.70 to 7.89 mg/g d.w. of fucoxanthin
can be extracted brown seaweed of Sargassum species, which are naturally grown on
almost of Indonesia’s coast. While in 2019, the production of Sargassum has reached
to 1340 tons with value of 304,000 USD for alginate purpose. Therefore, a strategic
processing of the brown seaweed to produce highly valuable bioactive compound has
attracted our research group to study. Recently, our research group has successfully
developed simultaneous purification of fucoxanthin isomers by open-column and
high-performance liquid chromatography techniques. We developed the method
prior to study the effect of drying on the recovery of fucoxanthin and its isomers,
which have potential bioactivity and health benefits for humans. Here, our methods
will be presented and reviewed.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 29

 C00B

Sustainable mining practices: The role of chemists and

geochemists in the sustainable mining industry
I Wayan Warmada
Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Grafika No. 2 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
email: [email protected]

The use of mineral resources has become fundamental to human activities, from
housing to household appliances, industrial equipment to energy, and high technology
to space exploration. Mining has provided the basics of life for humanity. The mining
industry produces energy, metals, and minerals essential for economic prosperity and
a better quality of life. As important as these benefits are, mining activities generate
social and environmental impacts for communities and require more responsible
mining practices. This involves mining with sustainable management, for example, by
applying ICMM mining principles.
In sustainable mining activities, it is necessary to consider the presence of critical
metals in certain ore deposits, such as REY in coal and tin deposits, scandium and
cobalt in laterite nickel deposits, and REY+Sc in bauxite deposits. In Indonesia, several
critical metals are interesting to be processed. The concentration of these metals vary
in several mines in Indonesia. Some of the available data include: the average content
of Co elements in the Ni-laterite sample is about 0.15% with Ni 2.10%. Meanwhile, the
total REY content of coal ranges from 2.4 to 118.4 ppm. The REY+Sc content in some
bauxite in the world is about 463 ppm.
The above critical metals are usually present as by-products and typically discarded
because processing techniques are not yet available at the mining site and because
miners only focus on processing the primary metals. The application of the circular
economy principle is one way that can be applied in sustainable mining practices.
The processing method that can be used to realize a circular economy of a mining
material is to implement a total extraction or recycling and reuse of metals (from
waste) in order to get zero waste. In this case, the role of chemists and/or geochemists
is to characterize mining materials to seek breakthroughs in more efficient mining
materials or mineral processing.
Keywords: Sustainable, mining, byproduct, circular economy, total extraction.

30 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 D00A

Nickel mining and its environmental impact

Muhammad Nurdin
Universitas Halu Oleo, Indonesia

In the last few years, natural resource management activities in Indonesia have mostly
been carried out on mineral and ore resources, this is proven by the existence of various
mining industries. Based on United States Geological Survey data in 2016, Indonesia
is the 6th largest nickel producer in the world with a production of 168,500 metric
tons. This was supported by the Government of Indonesia through the Ministry of
Energy and Mineral Resources in 2017 by building 13 mineral processing and refining
facilities (smelters). The Southeast Sulawesi Province is the largest supplier of Nickel
mining potential at 47.6%. To date, there are 18 Nickel mining companies operating
in Southeast Sulawesi. The distribution of nickel mining areas in Southeast Sulawesi
covers the districts of Kolaka, North Kolaka, Konawe, North Konawe, South Konawe,
Bombana, and Button. This review aims to analyze the Nickel mining activities in
Indonesia, especially Southeast Sulawesi and their impact on the environment. Some
negative impacts from Nickel mining activities in North Konawe-Southeast Sulawesi
have been reported, namely 1) Road damage 60.7%; 2) River, swamp pollution 78.6%;
3) Air pollution 64.3%; 4) Agricultural land disturbance 92.9%; 5) Plantation area
disturbed / reduced by 75%; 6) Reduced agriculture / plantation productivity of 78.6%;
7) Flora damages 89.3%, and fauna 71.4%; 8) 75% no health empowerment and 57.1%
no health improvement; 9) Changes in community behavior / norm 64.3%. This data
is supported by the occurrence of flash floods in North Konawe in 2019. By 2020, an
estimated 71.7 million tons of nickel ore will be absorbed by domestic processing and
refining plants. Then from the factory products, around 24% will be absorbed by the
domestic stainless steel industry. Based on the negative impacts reported there needs
to be a serious effort in designing an environmental improvement program.
Keywords: Nickel, environment, Indonesia, Southeast Sulawesi

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 31

 D00B

Biosensor validation in pesticide analysis

Mashuni Mashuni
Universitas Halu Oleo, Indonesia
email [email protected]

The use of pesticides in agricultural processing to control pests and diseases can leave
pesticide residues on crops that endanger health and environmental safety. Therefore,
a reliable, practical, and sensitive pesticide detection tool is needed. Biosensors are
one of the tools of choice for pesticide analysis that are fast, simple and mobile.
Analysis of the method validation of a measuring instrument needs to be done to
produce optimal performance. A biosensor is an analytical device which combines a
biological component (acetylcholinesterase enzyme AChE)) and a physical transducer
(potentiometer) to detect a target compound (pesticides). Optimization of pesticide
biosensing performance was carried out by designing a biosensor working electrode
with gold wire coated with Ag nanocomposite membrane, reduced graphene oxide
(rGO) and AChE enzyme immobilized chitosan. The method of detecting pesticide
residues with biosensors utilizes an enzyme activity inhibition mechanism using
a potentiometer transducer. This research has succeeded in assembling one type of
potentiometric biosensor based on Ag/rGO/chitosan@AChE and glutaraldehyde
as a crosslinking agent for pesticide determination and validating its performance.
Based on the results of the validation of the performance of the biosensor, the working
concentration range was obtained at the concentration of the pesticide solution 1 × 10-8
- 1 µg L-1. The proposed biosensor is sensitive to low pesticide concentrations with a
detection limit (LoD) of 1 × 10-7 µg L-1 and good reproducibility with an average %RSD
of 2% and a response time of 5 minutes. The development of this pesticide biosensor is
expected to be used for routine analysis of food safety control from pesticide residues,
which is simple, fast, mobile and accurate.
Keywords: acetylcholinesterase, biosensor, pesticide, potentiometer, validation

32 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

Abstracts
Parallel Session A

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 33

 A001

Phytochemical analysis, rappelant potency test and larvicidal

power of langsat (Lansium domesticum) against Dengue
hemorrhagic fever vectors
Reni Yunus, Anita Rosanty, Andre Gunawan

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) cases are still high in Indonesia. Likewise, in
Southeast Sulawesi, especially in Kendari City, there are still reported cases of DHF
until 2020. Various efforts to control DHF continue to be carried out, but cases persist
every year. The use of reppelents and larvicides is an effective way to reduce exposure
to dengue vector bites. Langsat plant (Lansium domesticum) can be an alternative
choice for natural vector control of dengue fever. This is because vector control using
plants is an environmentally friendly control method.
The purpose of this study was to determine the phytochemical content and
to determine the effectiveness of langsat (Lansium domesticum) as a reppelant and
larvicide against Aedes aegypty which are the main vectors of dengue disease. This
type of research is Experimental Laboratories research with a shot case study design.
Subjects were divided into two groups, namely the treatment group and the control
group.
The results showed that there were chemical compounds in the form of alkaloids,
triterpenoids, tannins and phenols from the Lansium domesticum. Rappelent lotion
preparations based on langsat skin extract (Lansium domesticum) at concentrations
of 10% and 20% are effective in providing protection as a prevention against the bite of
Aedes aegypti mosquito which is the vector of DHF. Larvicide test showed that Lansium
dosmeticum infusion at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% could cause
the death of Aedes aegypti larvae by 15%, 50%, 58%, 67%, 82%, respectively. The LC50
value is 47.571%.

34 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 A002

Highly selective and sensitive determination of Pb(II) ions

using ion selective electrodes (ISE) coated with the BEC6ND1
Ionophore as membranes
Nasriadi Dali1*, Seniwati Dali2, Muntasir3, Armadi Chairunnas4, Hilda Ayu Melvi
Amalia5, Sri Ayu Andini Puspitasari1
1
Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. HEA Mokodompit Kendari 93232, Indonesia
2
Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
3
Nusa Cendana University, Kupang 85001, Indonesia
4
University of Nahdlatul ‘Ulama Sulawesi Tenggara, Kendari 93563, Indonesia
5
Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN), Kendari 93563, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

The research on the determination of highly selective and sensitive Pb(II) ions using
ion selective electrodes (ISE) coated with the BEC6ND1 ionophore as a membrane
has been successfully carried out. ISE was designed using a membrane composition
[(BEC6ND1 ionophore : PTCPB : DOS : PVC) (3 : 2 : 60 : 35 % w/w)]. The ISE-
BEC6ND1 ionophore has good characteristics where it shows a sensitivity value
of 29.395 mV/decade in the Pb(II) ion concentration range of 10-9 - 10-1 M with a
detection limit of 10-7 - 10-3 M. The response time is about 4 - 8 minutes with a relative
standard deviation (RSD) of 0.21. The ESI-BEC6ND1 ionophore also shows the
average value of selectivity coefficient (Kij) < 1. These results indicate that the presence
of Fe(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) ions as interfering ions in the analyte solution does not
affect the performance of the ESI-BEC6ND1 ionophores in detecting Pb(II) ions. The
ESI-BEC6ND1 ionophore that has been developed shows good selectivity, sensitivity,
stability, and reproducibility, so the ESI-BEC6ND1 ionophore is promising to be used
as a Pb(II) ion detector in the environment.
Keywords: BEC6ND1 ionophore, calix[6]arene, ISE-Pb(II), membrane, selective.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 35

 A003

Al-CMC-durian seed starch-based eco-friendly superabsorbent as

a water retention agent
Nur Naila, Wa Ode Hastati, Syahriana, Muhammad Natsir*
Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. HEA Mokodompit Kendari 93232, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

Aluminum Carboxymethyl Celullose Durian Seed Starch (Al-CMC-DSS) is a polymer

superabsorbent. We synthesized and tested its ability as a water retention agent for
agricultural soils. Al-CMC-DSS was synthesized by reacting NaCMC and durian seed
starch with Al2(SO4)3.18H2O crosslinker. Al-CMC-DSS was then characterized using
FTIR, SEM, water absorption capacity (WAC), deswelling, and water evaporation rate.
The characteristics of Al-CMC-DSS was supported by FTIR spectrum as evidenced
by the carboxymethyl group at wave numbers around 1610-1680 cm-1. In the Al-
CMC-DSS spectrum, it can be seen that there are -OH and -CH groups stretching
at wave numbers 3300-3600 cm-1 and 2850-2970 cm-1. Morphological results showed
that Al-CMC-DSS has a rough surface. The best combination of cellulose and durian
seed starch was found in the superabsorbent with a ratio of 1:1 which showed a WAC
value of 26 g/g and deswelling ratio of 227.77%. Al-CMC-DSS superabsorbent with a
concentration of 0.08% was proven to reduce the average evaporation rate of water in
the soil by 11.2%.
Keywords: superabsorbent; durian seed starch; cross-linking; NaCMC; water retention.

36 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 A004

Examination of high antifungal activity (Candida albicans and

Aspergillus niger) over acetone extract from lichen Usnea Sp.
Maulidiyah Maulidiyah1*, La Ode Muhammad Zuhdi Mulkiyan1, Sri Wahyuningsih Katili1,
Muhammad Natsir1, Prima Endang Susilowati2, Muhammad Nurdin1
1
Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. HEA Mokodompit Kendari 93232, Indonesia
2
Universitas Siliwangi, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia
*email: [email protected]

Lichen Usnea Sp. is a natural product that has the potential to be developed as medicines.
The aim of study was to determine the antifungal activity of acetone lichen extract of
Usnea sp. against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger fungies. The research method
includes (1) preparation of acetone lichen extract and diffractic acid compound, (2)
determination of antifungal activity based on the dry weight of fungal cells (3) testing
of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of acetone extract and diffractic acid
compound. The antifungal activity test showed that each sample concentration had
a lower cell dry weight as the concentration of the test sample increased. The value of
the MIC of the acetone lichen extract against C. albicans at a concentration of 500 ppm
and A. niger at a concentration of 750 ppm were 92.9% and 96.8%. While, the diffractic
acid compound MIC value on 750 ppm againts C. albicans and A. niger were 92.4%
and 94%, respectively.
Keywords: Lichen Usnea sp.; diffractic acid; antifungal; Candida albicans; Aspergillus
niger

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 37

 A005

Toxicity test using the brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method
on extract of stem bark, stem wood, and leaves on bayur plants
(Pterospermum Diversifolium)
Zakaria
IAIN Bone, Jalan HOS Cokroaminoto Watampone, Indonesia
email: [email protected]

Ethnobotanically, the leaves of P. diversifolium are used as a medicine for itching and
the root bark is used as fish poison. The traditional use of natural materials should be
followed by scientific studies. This study aims to determine the toxicity of the stem bark,
stem wood, and leaf tissue extracts of P. diversifolium using the Brine Shrimp Lethality
Test (BSLT) method. Extraction using maceration method with ethanol solvent for 3
x 24 hours. The macerate was filtered and the extract obtained was evaporated until a
crude extract was obtained. The three ethanol extracts obtained were tested for toxicity
and obtained LC50 values of stem bark = 4441.19 ppm, stem wood = 4710.85 ppm, and
leaves = 3306.73 ppm. All extracts were declared non-toxic because the LC50 value was
more than 1000 ppm.
Keywords: P. diversifolium, toxicity, bayur

38 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 A006

Esterification of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) into Methyl Ester

based on Amberlist catalyst in continous reactor
Dian Wardana1*, Eddiyanto1, Saharman Gea2
1
Universitas Negeri Medan Jl. Willem Iskandar Psr V Medan 20221, Indonesia
2
Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan, Jl. Dr. T. Mansur Medan 20222, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) is a by-product (residue) from the processing of
CPO into cooking oil with a very high content of free fatty acids (FFA). Therefore,
PFAD must be discarded and cannot be further processed into food products. The
purpose of this research is to utilize PFAD as a raw material in the manufacture of
biodiesel as a renewable energy source. In this research, the esterification process
of PFAD with methanol into fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) has been carried out
in a semi-continuous reactor using a heterogeneous catalyst, amberlist which is an
ion exchange resin. The concentration of the catalyst used was 8% by weight of the
substrate and the process conditions were at a temperature of 115oC for 4 hours. The
conversion rate was observed by taking aliquot samples every 30 minutes and analyzing
the change of its acid number. The catalyst that has been used is purified for reuse up to
3 repetitions. The results showed that the use of catalysts up to 3 repetitions obtained
FAME products with yields of 98.27%, 97.82%, and 98.58%, respectively. There is a
correlation between the reaction rate calculated from the change in acid number to
the resulting yield. Overall, the catalytic activity remained stable for 3 times the use of
the catalyst.
Keywords: amberlist, biodiesel, esterification, PFAD.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 39

 A007

Determination of physicochemical, microbiological, and shelf

life of cookies and brownies from Cempedak (Artocarpus
champeden) seed flour
Ade Heri Mulyati, Diana Widiastuti
Pakuan University, Jl. Pakuan Bogor 16143, Indonesia
*
[email protected]

Cempedak fruit seeds contain carbohydrates, protein and minerals. Cempedak seed waste can
be processed into flour that is ready to be used for various food products. The use of cempedak
seeds as flour is one of the efforts to reduce the use of wheat flour so that it can support the
national food security program. Processed foods that can be made from this cempedak seed
flour are cookies and brownies. This study aims to determine the physical, chemical and
microbiological quality of cempedak brownies flour and cookies resulting from substitution
of cempedak seed flour. Cempedak seed flour brownies and cookies were characterized by
physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics. Cookies and brownies are made of 5
formulas (wheat flour: cempedak seed flour) namely F1 (100:0), F2 (75:25), F3 (50:50), F4
(25:75), F5 (0:100). The results showed that the yield of cempedak seed flour was 31.69%.
Characteristics of cempedak seed flour for chemical (%) moisture content 10.41; ash 0.48; fat
3.20; protein 9.02; carbohydrates 65.69; minerals (mg/kg) Ca 25,21; Na 10.98; K 60.18; Fe 13.1.
Microbiological characteristics (colonies/gram) ALT 3.05×104, mold 5; E. coli (APM/gram)
<3; Bacillus cereus 0. Characteristics of F3 baked brownies and F3 cookies for chemical (%)
moisture content 20.88 and 1.82; ash 1.80 and 1.39; fat 30.10 and 22.42; proteins 8.08 and
5.07; carbohydrates 32.30 and 51.12; minerals (mg/kg) Ca13.68 and 16.01; Na 91.05 and 68.23;
K 41.95 and 53.97; Fe 3.09 and 5.05. Microbiological characteristics (colonies/gram) ALT
3.5×103 and 1.9×103, molds 5 and 5, E. coli (APM/gram) <3 and <3. The shelf life of cempedak
seed flour packaged in PP packaging is 350 days, LDPE is 19 days, and HDPE is 201 days; F3
baked brownies and F3 cookies were packaged in metalized plastic packaging for 166 days and
325 days, respectively.
Keywords: Cempedak Seed Flour, Brownies, Cookies, Shelf Life

40 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 A008

Antioxidant activity and identification of secondary metabolite

compounds of ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) leaf extract by
LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS
Siti Warnasih*, Ade Heri Mulyati, Hafiyyanti Zharfani Samihah, Ranti Riantika, Rudi
Dwi Hariyanto
Pakuan University, Jl. Pakuan Bogor 16143, Indonesia
*email: [email protected]

One of the secondary metabolites contained in ketapang leaves are flavonoids which are
reported to have potential as natural antioxidants. The difference in the type of solvent
is one factor that affects the yield of the active substance content, where the use of the
best solvent will guarantee the extraction process. Therefore, this study was designed to
determine a suitable solvent to optimally extract the active compound in obtaining the
highest antioxidant activity and to identify the metabolite profile of the ketapang leaf extract
that acts as an antioxidant. This research begins with the extraction of the maceration
method using various solvents such as aqua dest, 96% ethanol, 96% isopropanol, and
96% methanol, then the extracts were determined for the total flavonoid, and antioxidant
activity using the DPPH method, then the extract with the best activity was identified
of secondary metabolites by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. The results showed that methanol
solvent was the best treatment with the highest antioxidant activity which had an IC50
value of 22.4567 ppm and total flavonoid content of 46.2407 mgQE/g. The compounds
identified in the methanol extract were 12 metabolites of the flavonoid group, including
catechin, gambirin B3, quercetin, rutin, isorhamnetin, quercitrin, naringenin, procyanidin
A2, kaemferol, crisimarin, apigenin, and crisiliol. Based on this, it was concluded that
methanol was the best solvent to extract flavonoid compounds from ketapang leaves which
were proven to have strong antioxidant activity.
Keywords: antioxidant, flavonoid, ketapang leaf, Terminalia catappa L.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 41

 A009

The Potency of Extract Methanol of Protium javanicum Burm.f

Leaves in Inhibiting Lipid Peroxidation in Wistar Rats Exposed to
Cigarette Smoke
Ni Made Puspawati*, I Dewa Gede Yoga Paramartha, Ni Luh Rustini
Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia
* email: [email protected]

Cigarette smoke is one source of oxidant that can induce stress oxidative leading to lipid
peroxidation. The lipid peroxidation marked by increasing malondialdehyde and decreasing
superoxide dismustase level. This research aim to investigate effect of administering leaves
extract of Protium javanicum Burm.f (tenggulun) on malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide
dismustase (SOD) levels in Wistar rat exposed to cigarette smoke. The experimental test was
carried out using the randomized post-test only control group design. A total of 30 Wistar
rats were randomized into six treatment groups: the normal control group (P0), the negative
control group was only exposed to cigarette smoke; (P1); the positive control (vitamin C 50
mg/kg BW) and exposure to cigarette smoke (P2); the treatment groups (P3;P4 ;P5) were given
methanol extract of tenggulun leaf at a dose of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW respectively and
exposure to cigarette smoke. The cigarette smoke exposure was performed using 3 cigarettes
per day for 14 days. On the 15th day, each of the blood rats was taken for analysing the MDA
and SOD levels. The data obtained were statistically analyzed. The result suggested that intake
of methanol extract of tenggulun leaf at the given dose significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation
by decreasing MDA and increasing SOD levels in blood Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke
as compared to negative control. The ability of the extract to inhibit lipid peroxidation depends
on the dose given and a dose of 200 mg/Kg BW exhibited the best result.
Keywords: cigarette smoke, lipid peroxidation, Protium javanicum Burm.f (tenggulun)

42 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 A010

The synthesis of methyl ester nitrate from ketapang seed oil

(Terminalia catappa L.)
L. Nurliana*, H. Ritonga, R. Musta, Y. Feronika
Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. HEA Mokodompit Kendari 93232, Indonesia
*email: [email protected]

The synthesis of methyl ester nitrate from ketapang oil (Terminalia catappa L.) have
been carried out. This study aims to determine the yield of methyl ester nitrate from
ketapang seed oil and to determine the characteristics of methyl ester (ME) and methyl
ester nitrate (MEN). In this study, ketapang seed oil was obtained from the soxhlet
extraction process followed by an evaporation process to separate the oil from the
solvent. Methyl ester nitrate can be produced from ketapang seed oil by esterification,
followed by transesterification and nitration reactions. Evaporated oil is esterified using
methanol with a mole ratio of oil: methanol (1: 6), then the transesterification process
using methanol with a mole ratio (1:15) gives a yield of 86%. The transesterification
product was then nitrated using HNO3 and H2SO4 for 4 hours with a yield of 83%.
Characterization of ketapang seed oil ME using GC-MS characterization showed
the presence of methyl palmitoleate (C17H32O2), methyl palmitate (C19H34O2), methyl
oleate (C19H36O2), methyl 13-octadecanoic (C19H36O2), methyl stearate (C19H38O2),
and methyl 18-nonadecanoic (C21H42O2). Characterization MEN using a FTIR
spectrophotometer showed the presence of a C-ONO2 group at wave number 1550
cm-1, NO2 group at wave number 1365 cm-1 and a C-N group at wave number 1118
cm-1.
Keywords: Esterification, ketapang seeds (Terminalia catappa L.), methyl ester nitrate,
nitration.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 43

 A011

Isolation and characterization of flavonoid derivative of ethyl

acetate extract of kemerakan sapenit (Bauhinia latisiliqua) and its
activity as antioxidant
Indriani1*, Nurhaeni1, Ahmad Riday1, P. Satrimafitrah1, Jaya Hardi1, S.H. Sabarwati2
1
Universitas Tadulako, Jl. Soekarno-Hatta, Palu, Indonesia
2
Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. HEA Mokodompit Kendari 93231, Indonesia
* email: [email protected]

Various bioactivities on natural compounds, the potential antioxidant can provide a

broad spectrum in their utilization and development into medicinal raw material. One
of the plants that has the potency for antioxidant activity is the Kemerakan Sapenit
(Bauhinia latisilqua) plant. The purpose of this study was to isolate, to characterize and
to determine the antioxidant activity of isolated compound in the ethyl acetate extract
of the stem bark of B. latisilqua. This research includes extraction, fractionation,
purification and elucidation of secondary metabolite structure as well as testing the
antioxidant activity of isolated compound. Extraction was carried out by maceration
technique, fractionation and purification using liquid vacuum chromatography and
gravitation column chromatography. The elucidation of the structural compound was
determined by analysis of the UV, IR and NMR spectra. Antioxidant test was carried
out using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. Based on the analysis
of spectral data, the isolated compound was a flavan-3-ol derivative, a catechin.
Antioxidant test on catechin compound showed an IC50 value of 35.01 µg /ml. The test
result showed a very strong antioxidant activity (IC50 for positive control, vitamine C,
of 42.94 µg /ml).
Keywords: Kemerakan Sapenit, Bauhinia latisiqua, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,
flavan-3-ol, catechin.

44 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 A014

Anticancer assay of methanol extract of Gracilaria salicornia

originating from the Hari islands, southeast Sulawesi, against
MCF-7 cancer cells in vitro
Sernita1,3*, Paulina Taba1, I. Sahidin2, Nunuk Hariani Soekamto1*
1
Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
2
Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari 93232, Indonesia
3
Politeknik Bina Husada Kendari, Kendari 93117, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

Gracilaria salicornia is one of the red algae found in the Hari Islands, Southeast
Sulawesi waters. There has been no research report on the chemical content and
activity of anti-cancer MCF-7 cells. This study aimed to explore the methanol extract
of G. salicornia on the cytotoxic effect of MCF-7 cells. G. salicornia was extracted using
methanol. The methanol extract was tested for phytochemical using the colorimetric
methods, toxicity test using the toxicological evaluation brine shrimp lethality assay
(BSLT) method, and cytotoxic test with anticancer against MCF-7 cells using the MTT
method. G. salicornia methanol extract contains alkaloids, phenolics, and steroids/
terpenoids. The toxicity value of the methanol extract of G. salicornia LC50 was 561.26
mg/L, and the IC50 cytotoxic value of the methanolic extract of G. salicornia was 414.6
mg/L.
Keywords: Gracilaria salicornia, BSLT, MTT, cytotoxic, cell MCF-7.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 45

 A015

A steroid with a flexible side chain from the Indonesian

nudibranch Phyllidia varicosa
Henny Dwi Yanti1, Berlian Safriana Nuraulia1, Fabians Faisal Dinelsa1, Anggia Murni1,
Junichi Tanaka2, Novriyandi Hanif1*
1
IPB University, Bogor 16128, Indonesia
2
University of The Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
*email: [email protected]

Our marine library (35 samples) consisted of EtOAc and H2O layer were obtained
from different place collection in Indonesia showed interesting source and biological
activity against brine shrimp Artemia salina on the nudibranch Phyllidia varicosa (LC50
23.39 µg/mL for EtOAc layer). Phyllidia varicosa is one of the marine natural product
that has not been widely studied so it has the potential to produce new compounds
for the drug candidate. Further chemical investigation on the sea slug, a steroid with a
flexible side chain (1, 0.96 mg) was isolated from the cytotoxic hexane layer (LC50 4.67
± 0.91 µg/mL) using microscale separation and HPLC. Compound 1 was elucidated
using NMR including 1H, 13C, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY, HRESIMS as well as
quantum chemical calculation of NMR chemical shifts. The relative configurations
of 1 assigned by NOESY on the tetracyclic were secured by the calculations, while
the flexible side chain gave four possibilities of stereocenters which were further also
distinguished by the calculations. This is the first report isolation of 1 in nudibranch
and a new approaching of stereochemical determination using DFT calculations of
NMR chemical shifts challenged by the flexible side chain of 1. Further detail isolation
and structure determination of 1 will be discussed in the presentation.
Keywords: DFT calculation, flexible natural products, stereochemistry, cytotoxic

46 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 A016

Growth analysis of post-nickel mining reclamation plants fed with

modified organic matter on Kabaena island (studies on Kusambi,
Angsana, and Wola plants)
Hasbullah Syaf*, La Ode Safiuddin, M. Tufaila, Syamsu Alam, Reza Aditya Prastito1
Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. HEA Mokodompit Kendari 93232, Indonesia
* email: [email protected]

The soil condition after nickel mining for land reclamation is deplorable due to the
lack of topsoil arrangement and low nutrient content. One of the efforts to increase the
growth of reclaimed plants is administering modified organic matter in high doses.
This study aimed to analyze the growth of reclaimed plants fed with high doses of
organic fertilizer. The research was carried out in the IUP area of PT. Anugrah Harisma
Barakah on Kabaena Island used three test plants, namely Kusambi (Schleichera
oleosa), Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus), and Wola (Vitex cofassus), from 2019 to 2022.
The plants planted in the hole of one bucket of the PC 200 Excavator are then stored
with 7 kg of modified organic matter and stored for 12 days at field capacity. After
that, they planted as many as 5 trees of each plant to observe growth. Observed plant
growth includes plant height, stem diameter and canopy width every six months.
Preliminary soil analysis includes pH, C-organic, N-total, P2O5, K2O and soil moisture.
Soil observations observed per six months include pH, C-organic and soil moisture.
Analysis of plant growth and its effect on organic matter and soil conditions was
analyzed with correlation. The results showed that the reclaimed plants were tested for
linear growth. There is a positive relationship between reclaimed plants’ growth and
organic matter application. Schleichera oleosa plants provide good growth compared
to Pterocarpus indicus and Vitex cofassus.
Keywords: Reclamation of nickel mines, reclaimed plants, pH, moisture and C-organic.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 47

 A018

Green methodology using Capsicum annuum var. grossuum

extract for identification of animal fats
Rurini Retnowati, Hermin Sulistyarti, Suratmo, Vina Khurnia Wati, Sintia Puji Astutik
Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia

The use of natural reagents from plant extracts for chemical analysis is one of the
approaches in the development of low-cost and environmentally friendly green
identification. This study aims to identify animal fats by UV-vis spectrophotometric
method using natural coloring reagents from the extract of Capsicum annuum var.
grossuum as an alternative to the carcinogenic diazonium reagent. Animal fat samples
(LH1, LH2, LH3, LH4) used are the result of rendering crude fat. C. annuum extracts
were obtained by the maceration method using n-hexane, ethylacetate, and methanol
as solvents, and then the extract components were analyzed using LC-MS/MS. An
animal fat identification test was carried out by analyzing the respective UV-vis spectra
profiles of the four animal fats, C. annuum extracst, and the mixture of animal fat
and coloring extracts. The result of the LC-MS/MS analysis of these extracts showed
the presence of β -carotene compound in all extracts. This is suspected to be the
contribution of natural dyes from the extracts. The UV-vis spectrum profile of those
extracts displayed absorption bands with maximum wave lengths of 353, 449, and 467
nm (n-hexane); 287, 452, and 662 nm (ethylacetate); and 223 and 291 nm (methanol).
Spectrophotometric analysis of the animal fats LH1, LH2, LH3, and LH4 without
the extracts exhibited different UV-vis spectrum profiles. The addition of extracts to
the animal fats also showed different profiles of the UV-vis spectrum, but the profile
obtained was different from the UV-vis spectrum profile of animal fats without the
addition of C. annuum extract reagent. According to the findings, the types of animal
fats LH1, LH2, LH3, and LH4 can be identified using UV-vis spectrophotometry with
ethylacetate as a solvent and the natural coloring of C. annuum extracts. 

48 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 A019

Spatial mapping of flood vulnerability in the Langkumbe

watershed (DAS) of North Buton regency
Nazarul, Hasbullah Syaf*, Dewi Nurhayati Yusuf, Sahta Ginting, Syamsu Alam, La Ode
Rustam
Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. HEA Mokodompit Kendari 93232, Indonesia
* email: [email protected]

This study aims to map the level of flood vulnerability in the Langkumbe Watershed
(DAS) North Buton Regency through a spatial approach. The research method used
is attributed analysis (score and weight). The variables used in this study were land
height, slope, rainfall, soil type, land use type, and distance from the river. The spatial
analysis used is the overlay method. The results show that the Langkumbe watershed is
divided into four classes of flood vulnerability; a safe area covering about 11,749.41 ha
(28.78%), a slightly vulnerable area covering about 1​​ 6,592.33 ha (40.64%), a vulnerable
area covering about ​​11,702.53 ha (28.66%), and a very vulnerable area covering
about ​​785.68 ha (1.92%). In Bonegunu District, about 1,104.46 ha is included in the
vulnerable category and about 167.78 ha in the very vulnerable category. The District
of West Kulisusu covered about 9,842.21 ha is included in the vulnerable category
and about 617.90 ha in the very vulnerable category. In North Kulisusu District, an
area of ​​755.87 ha is included in the vulnerable category. The Districts of Maligano and
Wakorumba are included in the safe category, but a few areas are slightly vulnerable.
Keywords: Langkumbe watershed, flood vulnerability, spatial analysis.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 49

 A020

Bis (-2-ethyl hexyl) Phthalate as Antibacterial from Sponge

Stylotella sp.
Isnaini, Ni Komang Tri Darmayani*, Emmy Yuanita
University of Mataram, Indonesia
*
corr author: [email protected]

Sponges are marine biota that make up coral reefs that live on the bottom of the waters
and have an important role in marine ecosystems. Sponges have bioactive components
that have not been widely used by the community. This study aimed to analyze the
content of secondary metabolites and the antibacterial activity of the sponge Stylotella
sp. antibacterial activity test against Gram negative (-) Escherichia coli bacteria and
Gram positive (+) Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was carried out using the well
diffusion method. The results of antibacterial testing with various concentrations of
50, 100, 150 ppm of the isolates showed that the zone of inhibition against E. coli was
11.3; 12; and 13 mm while for S. aureus bacteria were 12.3; 13; and 14 mm. The results
of antibacterial testing with a concentration of 600 ppm of sponge extract showed an
inhibition zone on E. coli bacteria. and S. aureus in the amount of 13.3 and 14 mm,
respectively. The test results showed that the sponge extract and isolate were in the
intermediate category and were resistant to E. Coli bacteria. and S. aureus.
Keywords: antibacterial, sponge extract, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus.

50 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 A021

Activity of chlorophyll b from green kastuba leaves (Euphorbia

pulcherrima) as an organic inhibitors of carbon steel corrosion
Nirmala Febriani, Ni Komang Tri Dharmayani*, Emmy Yuanita
University of Mataram, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

Chlorophyll is one of the secondary metabolites found in the leaves of green kastuba
(Euphorbia pulcherrima). Several studies have shown that chlorophyll has the potential
as a corrosion inhibitor. Therefore, in this study chlorophyll b activity was tested as an
organic inhibitor of carbon steel corrosion. The method used to determine the corrosion
rate in this study is the weight loss method which pays attention to the mass lost before
and after immersion in a corrosive medium. Meanwhile, the characterization of the
steel surface was carried out using an optical microscope. The test results showed that
the use of bioinhibitors from kastuba leaf extract was more optimal than chlorophyll b
in inhibiting the corrosion rate. The value of the inhibition efficiency on the methanol
extract of kastuba leaves was 66,08 % with a corrosion rate of 0,0311 mm/y on seawater
corrosive media and 75,9 % with an efficiency value of 0,0011 mm/y on 3 % salt water
corrosive media. Meanwhile, chlorophyll b has an inhibitory efficiency value of 47,6 %
with a corrosion rate of 0,0257 mm/y on seawater corrosive media and 57 % with an
efficiency value of 0,0103 mm/y on 3 % salt water corrosive media.
Keywords: kastuba leaf, chlorophyll, inhibitors.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 51

 A023

Infrared spectroscopy analysis and chemical properties of

inceptisols (Cambisols) for agricultural development land
Rosliana Eso1*, La Ode Safiuddin1, Sitti Kasmiati1, Mardiana N.1, Baslin1, Marfuatul J.1,
Ramnasari1, Waode Malni D.1, M.Tufaila1, Hasbullah Syaf1, La Agusu1, Arman1,
Gerald Tamutuan2
1
Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. HEA Mokodompit Kendari 93231, Indonesia
2
Universitas Samratulangi, Manado, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

This study aims to develop the Inceptisols (Cambisols) properties to provide basic
information for agricultural development. The soil type occupies a significant and vital
part of the farming land, especially in Kendari City, Indonesia. 30 samples of soils
take from three selected sites under the canopy of a tree with different profiles where
Cambisols occur on limestone parent material. We examined the FTIR spectroscopy
and studied physical, magnetic, and chemical properties to be used as a reference
in soil management and recommendation for balanced fertilization. Average total
nitrogen of soil contents ranges from 0.202% to 0.597% at profile 1, from 0.098% to
0.482% at profile 2 and from 0.106% to 0.397% at profile. Therefore, Soil pH H20 of
the soil from the three profiles ranged from 5.7 to 6.95, with respectively average at
each profile respectively 6.555, 5.916, and 6.254, showing a slightly alkaline reaction.
So, the salinity levels in soils are classified as poor saline for all soils profile. The sand
fraction is the dominant mechanical fraction in all profiles and does not vary much
along the soil profiles, again comprising about 60 to70%. The clay fraction, although
small in amount, is relatively enriched in the lowermost parts of these soils and rapidly
increases approaching the C horizon. In contrast, the chemical element content
obtained oxides of Si, Al, Fe, Mg, Ti, Ca, S, Na, K, P, Mn, Ni, Co, and Cr. Dominating
Si with the trends increasing upward consistently on all sites indicated massive soil
development in the study area. Whereas Al, Fe, and Mg trend increasing downward of
depth were highly attributed to limited leaching and slow rates of weathering. Magnetic
susceptibility trends in all sites increase upward, expressing the enrichment of the
magnetic mineral and indicating prolonged pedogenic processes. FTIR spectroscopy
analysis shows progressive kaolinization, which appears in all profiles. The change of
clay mineral montmorillonite with the presence of FeAlOH and Al2OH (918 cm-1)
due to symmetrical stretching vibration of the Si-O group and OH bending region
to form kaolinite with two or more OH stretching vibrations (3700cm-1 - 3620 cm-
1
) increasing an upward trend. Although cambisol development limited leaching and
weathering, the progressive kaolinization throughout the soil horizons was attributed
to high mineralization soil development in the study area.
Keywords: inceptisols (Cambisols), physical and chemical properties, FTIR
spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility.

52 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

Abstracts
Parallel Session B

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 53

 B005

Identification of Polypeptide Antibiotic in Methanol Fraction

Produced by a Thermo-halophilic Bacterium from Pria Laot
Sabang 76 Isolate
Febriani1*, Mulia A. Suzanni1,2, Ellenia Rakashiwi1, Nurdin1, Teuku M. Iqbalsyah1
1
University Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
2
Pharmaceutical and Food Analysts Academy, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

Antibiotics can be produced from the extremophiles bacteria. The goal study was to
isolate and purify of the polypeptide groups of antibiotics from PLS 76 isolate thermo-
halophilic bacteria. The assay of the antibiotic class with ninhydrin spray on TLC plate
was indicated a class of the antibiotic. The antibiotic activity were tested using the disc
diffusion Kirby-Baeur method. Purification of antibiotic was performed by Preparative
Thin Layer Chromatography. The results of the characterization of the antibiotic class
with ninhydrin reagent was showed that the antibiotic from PLS 76 isolate was an
antibiotic from the polypeptide group. Supernatant activity tested against E. coli and S.
aureus showed that both have inhibition zone from methanol fraction inhibited E. coli
and S. aureus growth of about 12 mm. The purified antibiotics (Fraction A) showed the
activity 7 mm inhibition zone against for E. coli and S. aureus. The Quadrupole Time-
of-Flight (QTOF) Mass Spectometer data indicated that the antibiotics structure from
PLS ​​76 with the similarity of Polymyxin B2 antibiotic. The antibiotics produced from
PLS 76 isolate belongs to a polypeptide group.
Keywords: antibiotic, thermo-halophilic bacterium, polypeptide antibiotic, methanol
fraction.

54 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 B006

Control of Begomovirus in Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum

frutescens L.) with Barrier Combination Design
Catur Joko Widodo1, Muhammad Taufik2, Andi Khaeruni2, Rahayu Mallarangeng2
1
Tadulako University, Jl. Soekarno Hatta KM. 9 Palu, Indonesia
2
Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. HEA. Mokodompit Anduonohu Kendari, Indonesia

Begomovirus is one of the causes of disease from the plant virus group, also known as
the geminivirus. Gemini virus can infect various plants, including chili plants. Yield
loss caused by the geminivirus causes chili plants not to produce, especially if infection
occurs in young chili plants. The whitefly-vector insect determines the spread of the
geminivirus in the field. Control of vector insect populations in crops is important to
reduce infected plants. Barriers around chili plantations can be used as a barrier to
vector spread in the field. The study aimed to evaluate the strategy of controlling the
geminivirus using barrier plants. The aim of the study was to evaluate the strategy of
controlling the geminivirus by using barrier plants. The research method used was a
randomized block design (RBD) with seven treatments. Research has several treatments
that is controlled without a barrier, transparent white plastic barrier, covered with
screen, kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth and zinnia/tagetes flowers (Zinnia elegans),
basil (Ocimum basilicum), scallion (Allium ampeloprasum), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor
L.) and corn (Zea mays. L) were made into three groups each. The results showed
that the barrier between sorghum and corn suppressed the lowest whitefly population
(0.27 head/leaf), significantly different from the control. The highest number of vector
populations was in control (13.40 heads/leaf). The lowest incidence and severity of
disease were in the barrier of kenikir and zinnia/tagetes flowers (20% and 5.33%),
while the control (100% and 78.67%). The highest chili production was in the barrier
of kenikir and zinnia flowers/tagetes (3.40 kg/plot), and the lowest was in control
(2.56 kg/plot). Barrier kenikir and zinnia/tagetes flower (B3) were most effective in
suppressing the spread of Begomovirus in cayenne pepper in the field.
Keywords: barrier, begomovirus, chili, disease incidence, kenikir

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 55

 B007

Characterization of type 1 L-Asparaginase encoding gene of

thermohalophilic bacteria CAT3.4 isolate from Wawolesea hot
springs North Konawe Southeast Sulawesi
Muzuni, Nur ArfaYanti, Suriana, Ardiansyah
Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. HEA. Mokodompit Anduonohu Kendari, Indonesia

This study aims to determine the molecular characteristics of type 1 L-Asparaginase

encoding gene of thermohalophilic bacteria CAT3.4 isolate from wawolesea hot springs
north konawe southeast sulawesi. This research is an exploratory type of research.
Characterization was carried out by amplifying the ansA gene sequences encoding
type 1 L-Asparaginase from CAT3.4 isolates with polymerase chain reactions (PCR)
technique using AsnBac1-F1 (5’-ACGCGATTCTTTTGGCCGG-3’) and AsnBac1-R1
(5’-CAGTGAAGAGGT GCATGGTATG-3’) primers. Amplified PCR products were
then used for sequencing templates using the Sanger method. The amino acids coding
region (CDS) obtained were characterized bioinformatically using the NCBI website
for BLASTn analysis, BioEdit program for restriction sites and hydrophobicity profile
analysis, MEGA X program for phylogenetic tree analysis and Expasy translate program
for the analysis of amino acid sequence of type 1 L-Asparaginase. The characterization
results showed that the gen had high similarity with the ansA gene sequences owned
by 20 strains of Bacillus subtilis with 99.00% -100% similarity, the gene also had high
sequence relatedness with ansA gene from Bacillus subtilis strain SRCM103629 and
B.subtilis strain GOT9, can be identified using the restriction enzymes MluI and BstI
as a species differentiator of the producing organism, the CDS encoding 329 amino
acids with the dominant composition of polar amino acids (54.1%) and having an
amino acid hydrophobicity profile which is dominated by hydrophilic region. All of
these characters confirmed that the characterized gene was ansA gene encoding type 1
L-Asparaginase of the species Bacillus subtilis.
Keywords: Gene Characterization, Type 1 L-Asparaginase, CAT3.4 Isolate,
Bioinformatics Analysis.

56 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 B009

Purification and Characterization of Recombinant α-Amylase

BmaN1 from Bacillus megaterium NL3
Fina Khaerunnisa Frima1,2*, Muhammad Akbar Thufail1, Reza Aditama1, Ihsanawati1,
Dessy Natalia1
1
Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesa No.10, Bandung, Indonesia
2
Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia
* email: [email protected]

α-Amylase (E.C 3.2.1.1) catalyzes the hydrolysis of internal α-1,4-glycosidic bond of

polysaccharides. α-Amylases are used in various industrial purposes such as textiles,
detergent, paper, food, and pharmaceutical. A bacterium associated with a sea anemone
Bacillus megaterium NL3 from the land-locked marine Lake Kakaban, Derawan
Island, East Kalimantan, produces a unique α-amylase BmaN1. BmaN1 is the first
α-amylase known to have different catalytic residues among members of the GH13
family. BmaN1 was produced in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) as an inactive inclusion
body due to the presence of transmembrane helical region at C-terminal of BmaN1.
The aims of this study were to express, purify, characterize of the truncated BmaN1
which has no transmembrane helical region at C-terminal. BmaN1ΔC was produced
in E. coli ArcticExpress (DE3) as a soluble protein with molecular weight of 49 kDa
based on SDS-PAGE analysis. BmaN1ΔC has been purified to homogeneity with
12-fold purification with specific activity of 325.5 U/mg. The purified of BmaN1ΔC
has an optimum activity at pH 6.5 and 50°C in 2% soluble starch. BmaN1ΔC has
more than 70 % activity in pH 4.5 to 9.5 and 60 % activity in temperature 40°C to
80°C. Despite B. megaterium NL3 is a marine bacterium, interestingly the purified
of BmaN1ΔC had the highest amylolytic activity without NaCl. BmaN1ΔC retained
about 79%, 51%, and 17% activity on the presence of 0.5 M, 1.0 M, and 2.0 M NaCl,
respectively. In conclusion, these results indicated that BmaN1ΔC is potential to be
used in starch processing industry since its ability to hydrolyze soluble starch in broad
pH, temperature, and salt concentration range.
Keywords: α-amylase, BmaN1ΔC, GH13 family, Bacillus megaterium NL3, catalytic
residue

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 57

 B010

Composition and Diversity of Vegetation Types in Three

Agroforestry Patterns at Privately Forest of KTH Matabundu,
Southeast Sulawesi
Agus Setiawan, Husna, La Baco Sudia, Nur Arafah
Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. HEA. Mokodompit Anduonohu Kendari, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

This study aims to determine the composition of vegetation and the diversity of stands
of three agroforestry patterns in KTH Matabundu. Data collection was carried out on
each observation plot of each of the three agroforestry patterns. Determination of the
observation plot by purposive sampling based on different types of plants. For each
agroforestry pattern, five plots measuring 20 m x 20 m were made, then vegetation
analysis was carried out. Parameters observed in this study included the name of the
plant species, the number of individuals and the diameter of the stand. To determine
species composition, observational data and field measurements were analyzed by
calculating relative density, relative frequency, relative dominance and Important Value
Index. Meanwhile, the level of species diversity was calculated through the species
diversity index (H) using the Shannon-Wiener formula, species evenness index (E)
and species richness index (R). The results showed that there were 46 types of stands
identified. At the tree level, five stands were found in the agroforestry pattern A and B
and seven stands in the agroforestry pattern C. At the pole level, there were six stands
in the agroforestry pattern A and five stands in the agroforestry pattern B and C. At
the sapling level, five species were found in agroforestry pattern A and C, while in
agroforestry pattern B only three types of plants were found. The tree with the highest
significance index (INP) in agroforestry pattern A was Jati (Tectona grandis) with INP
145, agroforestry pattern B was Jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) with INP 124 and
agroforestry pattern C Jati putih (Gmelina arborea) with INP 102. This type of plant is
the dominat species, it can be seen in the value from vegetation analysis. The highest
species diversity for the tree level was found in the C agroforestry pattern with 1.7 H,
while the pole level in the A agroforestry pattern with 1.5 H and the sapling level in the
C agroforestry pattern with 0.7 H. The tree species evenness index was dominated by
agroforestry C with 0.9 E, while the pole level was dominated by agroforestry C with
0.9 E and the sapling level was dominated by agroforestry C with 0.4 E. The tree species
richness index was dominated by agroforestry C. with 1.5 R, the pole level is dominated
by agroforestry pattern A with 1.5 R, the tree level is dominated by agroforestry pattern
A with 1.5 R. From the results, it can be concluded that the privately forest by system
agroforestry at KTH Matabundu, was still in the middle good category.
Keywords: Agroforestry, Biodiversity, Composition

58 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 B012

Antibacterial properties and toxicity of gagatan harimau

(Paraboea leuserensis B.L.Burt) ethanol extract
Nurhadi Syahputra Pohan1, Ida Duma Riris1, Eddiyanto1, Tita Juwitaningsih1*, Razoki2
1
Universitas Negeri Medan, Jl. Willem Iskandar Psr V Medan 20221, Indonesia
2
Universitas Prima Indonesia, Jl. Sampul Sei Putih Baru Medan 20118, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

Gagatan harimau plant (Paraboea leuserensis B.L.Burt) is one of the plants used to
increase body stamina. In this study, the antibacterial activity and toxicity of the
ethanolic extract of the leaves of P. leuserensis B.L.Burt were examined. Antibacterial
activity test was conducted using disc diffusion and microdilution methods against
S. aureus and S. mutans bacteria. Meanwhile, the toxicity test was conducted using
BSLT method. It was found that, the results of antibacterial activity test of P. leuserensis
B.L.Burt ethanol extract showed activity against S. aureus ATCC 25923 with an
inhibition zone diameter of 7.1 mm. The ethanolic extract of P. leuserensis BLBurt was
able to inhibit and kill S. aureus ATCC 25923 with MIC values of ​​ 1250 ug/mL and
MBC 5000 ug/mL. The toxicity of the ethanolic extract of P. leuserensis B.L.Bur leaves
was low with an LC50 value of 624.0508 ppm
Keywords: daun gagatan harimau (Paraboea leuserensis B.L.Burt), antibacterial,
toxicity.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 59

 B013

Electrochemical glucose biosensor fabrication using Chitosan-

NiFe2O4 cryogel
Amin Fatoni, Nurul Miftakhul Jannah, Mardiyah Kurniasih, Hartiwi Diastuti, Mekar Dwi
Anggraeni
Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Indonesia

The number of diabetics continues to increase in the world. In 2019, around 463
million adults (20-79 years) were living with diabetes and by 2045 the diabetes will
increase to 700 million. The importance of diabetes diagnosis requires an effective,
efficient, and economical glucose detection tool such as a glucose biosensor. This study
aims to determine the potential of Chitosan-NiFe2O4 composites for improving the
performance of glucose biosensors by electrochemical detection. The electrochemical
method used was cyclic voltammetry using three electrodes system. Chitosan was used
as the GOD enzyme immobilization supporting material on the working electrode.
Modifications were made using NiFe2O4 nanoparticles to improve the conductivity of
the electrodes. The results showed the optimum condition for glucose measurements
were a scan rate of 0.15 V / sec, a concentration of NiFe2O4 30mg / mL, a buffer pH
of 8, a buffer concentration of 0.2M, and a temperature of 45 ° C. Chitosan-NiFe2O4
composites at optimal conditions were used to measure standard glucose with a
range between 5-25mM, and showed the r : 0.9692, the limit of detection and limit of
quantification were 4.88 and 16.28 mM, respectively.
Keywords: chitosan, cryogel, glucose biosensor, nickel ferrit nanoparticles

60 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 B014

Methylene blue increases electric current with a microbial fuel cell

system using leachate and pottery membranes
W.O. Miranda N.1, Nur Arfa Yanti1, Alwahab2, Ahmad Zaeni1*
1
Universitas Halu Oleo, 2 Institut Sains Teknologi dan Kesehatan Aishiyah, Kendari
email: [email protected]
*

Microbial fuel cells (MFC) can produce clean energy through the oxidation of
biodegradable organic matter using various species of bacteria as biocatalysts. The
MFC system in this study was made in a dual chamber consisting of an anode chamber
containing leachate and a cathode chamber containing a potassium permanganate
solution. The leachate sample was used as a substrate and a source of microbes. This
study compares variations in the concentration of methylene blue in producing
electrical energy. Methylene blue is used as an electron mediator agent for microbes
in leachate which can increase the electrical power of the MFC system. The methylene
blue used was divided into three different concentrations, namely concentrations of
200 M, 300 M, and 400 M. The results showed that the addition of methylene blue
with a concentration of 400 M produced the highest current of 37.1 mA, while at
a concentration of 200 M it produced 23.26 mA and at a concentration of 300 M it
produced 33.93 mA. Based on the results of these measurements, the addition of high
concentrations of methylene blue can increase the electric current in the MFC system
so that the electrical energy produced will be even greater.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 61

 B015

Immobilization of Endo-β-1,4-D-Xylanase using Alginate/

Nanocellulose for Xylooligosaccharide production
Anak Agung Istri Ratnadewi*, Selvina Rizky Aprilia, Bambang Piluharto
University of Jember, Indonesia.
* email: [email protected]

Free endo-β-1,4-D-xylanase cannot be used more than once, so it needs to be modified

by immobilizing the enzyme. Endo-β-1,4-D-xylanase was obtained from termite
abdomen sources by isolation, ammonium sulfate purification, and dialysis methods.
Endo-β-1,4-D-xylanase was immobilized with an alginate/nanocellulose matrix. This
study aims to determine the activity, protein content, and repeated use of immobilized
Endo-β-1,4-D-xylanase. This study used variations of Alginate/nanocellulose (0;
2.5; 5; 7.5; 10) %. Protein levels of Endo-β-1,4-D-xylanase were tested using the
Bradford method and activity using the Miller method. The total protein bound to
the immobilized Endo-β-1,4-D-xylanase was stated with the immobilized yield data.
The immobilized yield with the composition of Alginate Nanocellulose (ANC) (0%)
was 45.33% greater than the other compositions. Immobilized Endo-β-1,4-D-xylanase
activity is efficient. ANC 5% produces an efficiency of 62.384% at the 12th hour, which
is greater than the other ANC compositions.
Keywords: Endoxylanase; Nanoparticle, Xylooligosaccharide

62 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 B016

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of bacterial cellulose-based

edible film from sago liquid waste incorporated with spices
Nur Arfa Yanti1*, Sitti Wirdhana Ahmad1, La Ode Ahmad Nur Ramadhan1,
Taufik Walhidayah2
1
Universitas Halu Oleo, Indonesia; 2 Huazhong Agricultural University, P.R. China
*
email: [email protected]

Bacterial cellulose-based edible films from sago liquid waste incorporated with spice
extracts have been developed to obtain functional food packaging. This study aims
to determine the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of edible films fortified with
spices, namely ginger, garlic and turmeric. The manufacture of edible films was carried
out using the casting method. The measurement of antimicrobial activity was carried
out by the disc diffusion method using 3 indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC
35218, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579) and 2
indicator fungi (Candida albicans IPBCC 88,030 and Aspergillus flavus ATCC 10231),
Antioxidant activity was measured by the DPPH method. The results showed that
bacterial cellulose-based edible film fortified with spices (ginger, garlic and turmeric)
could increase antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The edible film fortified with
garlic had the best antimicrobial activity, while the edible film fortified with turmeric
had the best antioxidant activity. Therefore, the addition of spice extract to edible films
can increase its function as food packaging
Keywords: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Bacterial cellulose, Edible film, Spices.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 63

 B017

The effect of combined natural dyes on the color fastness of

natural color batik
Ari Asnani*, Eva Vaulina Yulistia Delsy, Dini Ryandini
Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

Exploration of native Indonesian plants as natural dyes for batik aims to qualitatively
determine the colors produced from various plants for batik coloring. The results of
this exploration are expected to further enrich the types of plants as sources of natural
dyes and increase color variations. Based on this, we investigated the use of jolawe fruit
skin (Terminalia bellirica), ketapang leaves (Terminalia catappa), and mahogany bark
(Swietenia mahagoni) for batik coloring. The research was conducted experimentally
with the first factor being the type of natural dye (W1 = jolawe, W2 = ketapang, W3
= mahogany) and the second factor was the type of fixator (F1 = KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O,
F2 = CaCO3, F3 = FeSO4). The characterization of natural dyed batik includes a color
reflectance test (R%), a color fastness test to sunlight (SNI ISO 105-B01-2010), a color
fastness test to commercial washing (SNI ISO 105-C06:2010), and a color fastness test
to dry/wet rubbing (SNI ISO 105-X12:2012). The results showed that the use of the
fixator was able to change the color direction in which the Fe-based fixator produced
a darker color. The combination of two natural dyes, namely Mahogany-Jolawe and
Mahoni-Ketapang showed an increased color fastness value compared to the use of its
single natural dye. Based on color visualization, the use of a combination of natural
dyes can improve color quality while enriching batik color variations.

64 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 B018

Effect of nickel on energy generated by plant microbial fuel cell

using Ipomea aquatica
Muhammad Iqbal Syabani Istianandar
Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. HEA Mokodompit Kendari 93231, Indonesia

Plant Microbial Fuel Cell (PMFC) is an alternative energy that is environmentally

friendly and is a renewable energy with technology that can produce electrical energy
through the degradation process of organic matter by microorganisms and utilizing
exudate from plants. The PMFC work system is also used as metal remediation in water
that is absorbed by plants. The PMFC reactor consists of a chamber, electrodes (capture
electrons from microbes), an electrolyte solution, and a membrane or salt bridge.
The electrode that is often used is a graphite sheet. To improve PMFC performance,
nutrients are added to plants so that the exudate produced can be maximized and
utilized by microorganisms. The results showed that the PMFC chamber without
metal has a high voltage and current compared to the PMFC chamber that uses metal.
The condition of plants without metal had more leaves, strong stems and many roots
compared to plants using metal which had wilted leaves, brittle stems and lacked roots.
Keywords: PMFC, Microbial Fuel Cell, remediation, electricity

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 65

 B020

Carbon and nutrients organics deposition by mangroves of

Rhizophoraceae family growing in the coral triangle, Southeast
Sulawesi
Kangkuso Analuddin1*, La Ode Muhammad Yasir Haya1, La Ode Kadidae1, Alrum
Armid1, Ruslin Ruslin1, Jamili1, Andi Septiana1, Sahadev Sharma2, La Syahrir1, La Ode
Abdul Fajar3, Saban Rahim1, Ahmad Dahlan1
1 Universitas Halu Oleo, Indonesia; 2 Universiti Malaya, Malaysia; 3 Universitas Sembilanbelas
November, Indonesia
* email: [email protected]

Mangroves play important roles to support the productivity of the coastal and marine ecosystems
in the coral triangle areas of Southeast Sulawesi. This study aimed to elucidate the deposition
and export of carbon and nitrogen by mangroves of the Rhizophoraceae family growing in
the coastal region of Southeast Sulawesi. The leaf litterfall decomposition was investigated in
mangroves of the Rhizophoraceae family including Rhozhophora apiculata, R. mucronata and
Ceriops tagal. About 30 samples of leaf litterfall from each mangrove species were placed in the
habitat of these mangroves, while 3 samples from each species were monthly collected. The
carbon and nitrogen contents in the leaf litterfall of each mangrove species were determined,
while total carbon and nitrogen input and export by mangroves were calculated. The leaf litter
decaying of R. mucronata is much faster than that R. apiculata and Ceriops tagal. It showed that
about 97.78% of leaf litter of R. mucronata was almost decayed within 6 months indicating the
faster decomposition of organic carbon and nutrients from leaf litter of R. mucronata mangrove.
On the other hand, it was less than 80% of the leaf litter of R. apiculata and Ceriops tagal
decayed within 6 months indicating the later decomposition of organic carbon and nutrients
from R. apiculata and Ceriops tagal. However, the leaf litters of these two mangrove species
need almost 8 months to fully decomposed. Late decomposition of leaf litter indicates delaying
for these mangroves in storing the carbon and nutrients in the coastal and marine ecosystems
of Southeast Sulawesi. The regression model equation of the leaf litter decomposition for R.
mucronata is y= 32.24-5.18, R2 = 0.941, while regression model of leaf litter decomposition
in R. apiculata is y= 33.81-4.28, R2 = 0.986. Moreover, the regression model of leaf litter
decomposition of Ceriops tagal is y= 33.23-4.31, R2 = 0.991. These differences in R2 values of
regression models in leaf litter decomposition of three different mangroves indicate differences
in their decomposition mechanisms. Yearly input of organic carbon from mangrove litters was
estimated to range from 10.99 to 14,30 tons/ha, while yearly input of organic ranges from 0.34
to 0.52 tons/ha. However, the yearly export of organic carbon from the leaf litter of mangroves
was estimated to range from 10.99 to 3,30 tons/ha, while the yearly export of organic nitrogen
ranges from 0,01 to 0,52 tons/ha. Therefore, the present study highlighted the huge carbon and
nutrient deposition by mangroves, which maintain the coastal and marine productivity in this
coral triangle area, a hotspot of biodiversity.
Keywords: organic carbon; organic nitrogen, mangroves litterfall, Southeast Sulawesi; coral
triangle

66 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 B021

Effect of nickel on energy generated by plant microbial fuel cell

using Amaranthus caudatus
La Ode Muhamad Alibonto
Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. HEA Mokodompit Kendari 93231, Indonesia

Plant microbial fuel cell (PMFC) is a renewable technology in producing plant-microbial-

based electrical energy in a fuel cell. In addition to producing electrical energy, this
technology has the potential for remediation of heavy metal contamination in water or
soil. In this study, the potential remediation of the heavy metal Ni(II) in water and the
resulting electrical energy was tested. There are symptoms of toxicity of Ni(II) heavy
metal ions to the morphology and average reef of amaranth plants such as a decrease
in the number of leaves, plant height tends to be inhibited, rotting of the roots and
stems of plants. This result indicates the occurrence of the Ni(II) metal remediation
process in the spinach plant. The growth of spinach plants without adding Ni(II)
heavy metal ions tends to increase. The measurement of the average value of voltage
and current strength in PMFC chambers without heavy metals is higher than that of
PMFC chambers with heavy metals. The results of this study provide a new insight
in the study of PMFC insertion for the remediation of heavy metal contamination of
Ni(II) in water and the potential of electrical energy produced.
Keywords: PMFC, Heavy metal, remediation, electricity, Microbial Fuel Cell

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 67

 B022

Medicinal plants dan their uses by the community around KPH

Gantara Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Nurnaningsih Hamzah*, Husna, Ruslin, Muhammad Arba
Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. HEA Mokodompit Kendari 93231, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected].

The use of medicinal plants by the community around the KPH Gantara area, Muna
Regency, Liwu Metingki Village has been entrenched, but knowledge regarding the
use has not been well disclosed. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of
medicinal plants by the community around the KPH Gantara area, especially in the
village of Liwu Metingki. Exploration data collection was carried out through field
observations and interviews with communities living around the KPH Gantara area.
Meanwhile, the community’s description of the use of medicinal plants was obtained
by using an interview process with seventeen respondents. The results showed that
there were 31 types of plants from 17 families that had the potential as medicinal plants
to cure 18 types of diseases. Most of the plants have a habitus as trees (39%), where
69% of local people use leaves as traditional medicine. The boiling process is the most
widely used processing method (43%) to obtain the benefits of these medicinal plants,
where the disease most commonly treated is internal disease (37.5%). These findings
indicate that the sustainable management of KPH Gantara can support the vital role of
forest ecosystems for public health. From the results of this study, it is hoped that the
community will understand the importance of medicinal plants, so they try to protect
them and make conservation efforts by planting them in their yards.
Keywords: Euphorbiaceae, Walacea, internal disease, leaf

68 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 B023

Identification of phytase producing microorganism from Segara

Anakan Cilacap
Andini Nurfitri, Sri Rahayu, Ari Asnani*
Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Indonesia
* email: [email protected]

Enzymatic degradation of phytic acid using phytase can be an alternative method

of reducing phytic acid levels in plant feed ingredients because the enzyme
reacts specifically to the substrate. The abundant source of the phytase enzyme
is microorganisms. Actinobacteria from the Segara Anakan Cilacap area have
been reported to have hydrolytic enzyme activity. Based on this, the isolation and
identification of microorganisms which has the potential to produce phytase from the
mangrove area of Segara Anakan Cilacap area have been carried out. The screening
of the phytase enzyme was measured based on the reaction between the aqueous
extract from microorganisms with Na-phytate substrate in Na-acetate. Identification
of microorganisms that have the potency to produce phytase was carried out based
on the 16S rRNA gene. The identification steps included isolation of genomic DNA,
amplification of the 16S rRNA gene with 27F and 1492R primers, sequencing, editing,
and alignment using the nucleotide BLAST program. The research results showed
that the three microbial isolates with the highest phytase activity were K-2C, K-3E,
and P-6B. Species identification showed that isolate K-2C had 99.02% similarity with
Streptomyces griseorubens strain NBRC 12780, isolate K-3E had a similarity of 98.03%
with Pluralibacter gergoviae ATCC 33028, and isolate P-6B has a similarity of 99.64%
with Ochrobactrum intermedium strain NBRC 15820. The results of this study indicate
that the Segara Anakan Cilacap area has the potential as a source of indigenous
microbes for phytase production.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 69

 B024

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of bacterial cellulose-based

edible film from sago liquid waste incorporated with spices
Nur Arfa Yanti1*, Sitti Wirdhana Ahmad1, La Ode Ahmad Nur Ramadhan1, Taufik
Walhidayah2
1
Universitas Halu Oleo, Indonesia; 2 Huazhong Agricultural University, P. R. China
*
email: [email protected]

Bacterial cellulose-based edible films from sago liquid waste incorporated with
spice extracts have been developed to obtain functional food packaging. This study
aims to determine the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of edible films fortified
with spices, namely ginger, garlic and turmeric. The manufacture of edible films was
carried out using the casting method. Antimicrobial activity was measured by disc
diffusion using three indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Staphylococcus
aureus  ATCC 25923, and  Bacillus cereus  ATCC 14579) and two indicator fungi
(Candida albicans  IPBCC 88.030 and  Aspergillus flavus  ATCC 10231), Antioxidant
activity was measured by the DPPH method. The results showed that bacterial
cellulose-based edible film fortified with spices (ginger, garlic and turmeric) could
increase antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The edible film fortified with garlic
had the best antimicrobial activity, while the edible film fortified with turmeric had the
best antioxidant activity. Therefore, adding spice extract to edible films can increase its
function as food packaging.
Keywords: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Bacterial cellulose, Edible film, Spices

70 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 B025

Plant species in oil palm plantation area Kolaka regency,

Indonesia
La Ode Muh. Munadi*, Muhammad Amrullah Pagala, La Ode Nafiu, Deki Zulkarnain
Universitas Halu Oleo, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

Plant species in the world concentrate on areas that can meet the requirements of
life, both on residential land, grazing land, forest land, agricultural land, and even
plantation land. The study of plant species was carried out in an oil palm plantation
area in Kolaka Regency. The research location is an immature and mature oil palm
plantation area by looking at the Summed dominance ratio, species diversity, species
dominance, and evenness of a plant. Plant species in the immature oil palm plantation
area amounted to 5,060 individuals and plant species in the oil palm plantation area
produced 2,251 individuals with the highest Summed Dominance Ratio in each area,
namely the species Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. Diversity index, dominance, and
evenness in each oil palm plantation area for different species, possibly influenced by
light intensity, habitat, and ecosystem. The results of the study in this study can be
concluded that the diversity of plant species is quite varied, especially in immature oil
palm plantation areas.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 71

 B039

Species richness, diversity and BMWP index of invertebrate

assemblages in wetland ecosystem, Konawe regency, Southeast
Sulawesi, Indonesia
Nasaruddin, Sitti Wirdhana Ahmad*, Muhammad Ikhsan, La Baco Sudia, Firdaus, Jufri
Karim, Ramadhan Tosepu
Universitas Halu Oleo, Indonesia
*email: [email protected]

Macroinvertebrates play an essential role in the aquatic ecosystem and are widely
used as a bioindicator for water quality assessment. The objective of this study was to
compare the pattern of macroinvertebrates community structure and performances
of biotic indices on some water bodies affected by different land-use impacts.
Macroinvertebrate samples were collected by D-frame net using hand and kick
sampling methods from five-station in Konawe District, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia,
in August 2021. Two categories of land use sources of pollutants, namely fish ponds
and settlements and settlements and nickel mineral processing industries. Abiotic
variables include water temperature, pH, DO, conductivity, salinity, TDS, velocity, and
turbidity measured at each station. A total of 806 individuals belonging to twenty-three
genera, seventeen families, and nine orders were assessed. The most abundant group
found was Mesogastropoda (77%), followed by Hemiptera and Basommatophora (7%)
each, Odonata (3%), and Coleoptera and Decapoda (2%) each. Mesogastropoda group
was found very abundant in a slow waterway which was dominantly influenced by
the fish pond with the water surface covered by aquatic plants. Two locations that
are estimated to significantly affect the impact of dense settlement and the mining
industry are dominated by the mesogastropoda group with a Simpson’s (dominance
index) 0.71 and 0.38. While the other two locations, namely a tiny pool affected by
human settlements and an unmanaged fish pond, are dominated by several groups,
namely Hemiptera, Decapoda, Basommatophora, and Mesogastropoda, with
Simpson’s (dominance index) 0.11 and 0.17. Tests using the Biological Monitoring
Working Party (BMWP) and the BMWP-Viet version index categorize the condition
of water bodies from moderate to very polluted, in line with the observed species
richness and the characteristics of water bodies with different turbidity and velocity
values. Biotic indices for bioassessment require adaptation to geographical conditions
through in-depth research, including developing multimeric methods to produce
more accurate biological indicators for water resources management and conserving
aquatic biodiversity.
Keywords: Macroinvertebrates, biotic indices, wetland ecosystem, bioassessment.

72 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

Abstracts
Parallel Session C

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 73

 C001

Preparation of Micrometer Li1.05Mn1.95O4 by Ceramic Method

Using the Manganese Ore as Mn Sources
La Agusu*, A. Sarli1, I Nyoman Sudiana1, A. Alimin1, Al Jalali Muhammad1, Takayuki
Asano2, Seitaro Mitsudo2
1
Universitas Halu Oleo, Indonesia
2
Research Center for Development of Far-Infrared Region, University of Fukui, Japan
*
email: [email protected]

Li1.05Mn1.95O4, as a member of spinel structure lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4),

has been recognized as a candidate of high-performance cathode material of lithium-
ion battery for electric vehicle or hybrid electric vehicle applications. Li1.05Mn1.95O4 has
been synthesized by ceramic method from Li2CO3 and nano size Mn3O4 as a precursor.
Here, Mn3O4 nanoparticles were firstly extracted from the manganese ore by using a
co-precipitation method. Then, the cylindrical pellet form of mixture of Li2CO3 and
Mn3O4 powders was sintered at 600, 700, 800 and 900 oC for 8 h. XRD data show that
Li1.05Mn1.95O4 has formed at temperature starting at 700 oC. The average crystalline
size was estimated about ~20.3 nm. The SEM images (Fig. 1) shows the particle size
ranging for 0.5 to 2 micrometers. The electrical conductivity is the order of 13.6 to
45.5 mS/cm. Thermal analysis with DSC gives the lowest onset of 46.39 oC obtained
at sintering temperature of 900 oC and the lowest enthalpy change of -39.76 J/g with
sintering temperature of 700 oC.
Keywords: Manganese ore leaching,
lithium manganese oxide, ceramic
method, Li-ion battery

Figure 1 SEM images of Li1.05M0.95O4

sintered at different temperatures: (a)
600 oC, (b) 700 oC, (c) 800 oC and (d)
900 oC.

74 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 C002

Synthesis of SnO2-ZnFe2O4 composite ceramics as magnetics

photocatalyst for methylene blue degradation
Arie Hardian1*, Tsuaibah Hasni1, Anceu Murniati1, Jasmansyah1, Dani Gustaman
Syarif2**
1
Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Indonesia
2
PSTNT-Batan Bandung, Jl. Tamansari 71 Bandung, Indonesia
email: * [email protected]; ** [email protected]

Methylene blue is one of the many waste dyes produced and has a threshold value
of 5 mg/L. The composite ceramics of SnO2-ZnFe2O4 have been synthesized by the
coprecipitation method for methylene blue degradation with the irradiation of UV
light. Analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns from SnO2-ZnFe2O4 composite ceramics
was observed only from the ZnFe2O4 crystal system with average crystallite size is
7,36 nm. The results of the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis showed
that the surface morphology of SnO2-ZnFe2O4 composite ceramics was heterogeneous
and agglomerated with the results of Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDS) showing the
composition of Sn, 7.14%, Zn 4.93% and Fe 52.96%, and O 49.33%. The measurement
​​ 2-
results from Surface Area Analyzer (SAA) obtained a specific surface area of SnO
ZnFe2O4 of 78.339 m2/g. The test results of magnetic properties by external magnetic
fields show weak magnetic properties. The most optimum results of photodegradation
of SnO2-ZnFe2O4 composite ceramics were at pH 10 and 120 minutes of irradiation
time with percent degradation of 95.95%. With these results, the composite ceramic
SnO2-ZnFe2O4 has the potential to overcome methylene blue dye waste.
Keywords: composite ceramics, photocatalyst, magnetic photocatalyst, SnO2-ZnFe2O4,
solder waste.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 75

 D001

Kinetics and thermodynamic equilibrium of nickel metal ions

sorption on carbon nanofibers irradiated by ultrasonic energy
A. Alimin1*, L.O.A.N. Ramadhan1, L.O. Ahmad1, Intan1, La Agusu1, S.J. Santosa2,
I. Kartini2
1
Universitas Halu Oleo, Kampus Hijau Bumi Tridharma, Kendari 93232, Indonesia
3
Universitas Gadjah Mada-Yogyakarta, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

We studied kinetic and thermodynamic equilibrium of nickel metal ions sorption on

Carbon Nanofibers (CNFs) irradiated by ultrasonic energy. In this work we investigated
effects of the heavy metal initial concentration, and pH interaction between the heavy
metal ions and CNFs Nanofibers using liquid phase adsorption technique under
ultrasonic energy irradiation. These data were then used for studying thermodynamic
aspects such as sorption capacity and sorption energy and also kinetic parameters
such as kinetic model, reaction order and rate constant of sorption of the heavy
metal on CNFs. We found that the increase of heavy metal initial concentration was
proportional to amount of the heavy metal adsorbed onto CNFs. The highest uptake
of heavy metal ions amount onto CNFs in equilibrium (qe) was 244.00 mg.g-1 that
was achieved at the pH of 8. Both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used in
this work in order to find the best-fitted isotherms model. The sorption equilibrium
of the heavy metal ions on CNFs tends to be best fitted by the Langmuir isotherm.
Based on Langmuir isotherm, we found that the maximum sorption capacity (qm) and
sorption energy ( ~∆Go) of the metal ions on CNFs were 316.456 mg.g-1 and -1.029
kJ.mol-1, respectively. Sorption kinetics of the heavy metal on CNFs was examined by
both pseudo-first and pseudo-second orders. We obtained that the kinetics coincided
well with the pseudo-second-order having rate constant (k) of 0.00625 g.mg-1.min-1.
Keywords: carbon nanofibers, nickel, kinetic, thermodynamic, ultrasonic

76 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 D003

Chemoselective hydrogenolysis biomass-derived furfuryl alcohol

into 1,5-pentanediol over TiO2-ZrO2 supported bimetallic
ruthenium-tin catalysts
Ikhsan Mustari1, Anggita Nurfitriani1, Arif Ridhoni1, Atina Sabila Azzahra1,2,
Rodiansono1,2,3*
1
Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Jl. A. Yani Km 36 Banjarbaru 70714, Indonesia
2
Inorganic Material & Catalysis Laboratory (IMCat), Indonesia
3
Catalysis for Sustainable Energy & Environment (CATSuRe), Indonesia
* email: [email protected]

Chemoselective hydrogenolysis using noble-metal-based catalyst is one of the most

challenging in biomass-derived transformations into fuels and chemical platforms.
Furfuryl alcohol (FFalc) is one of the important furanic compound that can be
converted to 1,5-pentanediol (1,5-PeD). Herein, supported bimetallic ruthenium-
tin (Ru-Sn; Ru/Sn molar ratio of 3.0) catalysts on metal oxides and its mixtures (the
weight ratio of oxides was 0.5); c.a. TiO2 anatase (TiO2(A)), ZrO2, γ-Al2O3, SiO2, and
TiO2(A)-γ-Al2O3, TiO2(A)-ZrO2, and TiO2(A)-SiO2 were prepared and applied for
the synthesis of 1,5-PeD from FFalc under mild conditions (413 K, 1.0 MPa H2, 3 h)
in batch reaction system. Ru-Sn(3.0)/TiO2(A) catalyst gave 22% 1,5-PeD yield, while
Ru-Sn(3.0)/ZrO2 produced 45% 1,5-PeD. When Ru-Sn(3.0)/TiO2(A)-γ-Al2O3, Ru-
Sn(3.0)/TiO2(A)-ZrO2, and Ru-Sn(3.0)/TiO2(A)-SiO2 catalysts were employed, the
highest 1,5-PeD yield (71%) was obtained over Ru-Sn(3.0)/TiO2(A)-ZrO2 catalyst,
accompanied by Ru-Sn(3.0)/TiO2(A)-γ-Al2O3 (43% 1,5-PeD), whereas Ru-Sn(3.0)/
TiO2(A)-SiO2 catalyst did not produce 1,5-PeD under the same reaction conditions.
Therefore, it can be conlcluded that the addition of ZrO2 to TiO2(A) in Ru-Sn(3.0)/
TiO2(A)-ZrO2 catalyst enhanced signicantly the yield of 1,5-PeD. The effect of metal
oxide compositions, physico-chemical properties of catalysts, and reaction parameters
on the conversion of FFalc and yield of 1,5-PeD is under investigation.
Keywords: chemoselective hydrogenolysis; ruthenium-tin catalyst; metal oxide
supports; furfuryl alcohol; 1,5-pentanediol

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 77

 D004

Validation of the carboxymethyl chitosan…vitamin C interactions

on the electronic level by DFT approach
Abdurohman Zakki, Dwi Hudiyanti, Parsaoran Siahaan*
Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

The conformations of the molecule of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) which is one

of the chitosan (CS) derivatives used as an encapsulation that regulates the delivery
of vitamin C have been validated until to electronic level. The capacity of CMC in
delivering vitamin C through the system which is affected by its solubility in water,
mainly depend on the contribution of the energy binding of CMC...CMC complex and
the energy binding of CMC...vitamin C complex . The aim of this paper is to validate
the effect of electron distribution on the interactions in CMC...vitamin C complex.
The CMC model is a dimer, CMC-2, and subsequently substituted by carboxyl group,
-CH2COOH, on the -NH2 and -OH results in N-CMC-2, O-CMC-2, and N,O-CMC-2.
By using B3LYP theory and 6-31** as the basis set, the Density Functional Theory
(DFT) method have validated the potential energy of the active site system on the
electronic level. The results obtained in this research are structures, interaction energy,
HOMO-LUMO and its derivatives.
Keywords: carboxymethyl chitosan, encapsulation, carboxyl group, stability,
interaction energy, DFT.

78 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 D005

Surface study of boron-doped diamond electrodes related to its

electrochemical properties
Tribidasari A. Ivandini
FMIPA Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
email: [email protected]

Polycrystalline boron-doped diamond (BDD) films are well-documented as the

best alternatives to substitute the conventional solid electrodes due to its superior
properties. In addition to its excellent physical and chemical stability, very low
capacitances as well as exceptional wide potential windows of water splitting are also
reported, which generated from sp3 coordination as the intrinsic characteristics of
diamond structure. Further study related to its surface characteristics was performed
to discover other advance properties suggested that the surface terminations as well as
crystal orientations play important roles to the electrochemical properties. Meanwhile,
modification of the surface using some metal types and other molecules suggested that
certain steps need to be taken to generate a stable modification on the BDD surface.
Keywords: boron-doped diamond, termination, surface orientation, modification,
and electrochemical properties.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 79

 D006

Effect of solvent on antifoam performance for delayed coker unit

Siska Pebriani*, Dwi Febriantini, Bambang Purnomo
1
Research & Technology Innovation, PT Pertamina (Persero), Jakarta 13920, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

Antifoam plays a significant role in maintaining the continuous removal of gases

through the delayed coker process in a crude refinery unit. However, a holistic review
of the basics and desired selection criteria for the various types of antifoams for delayed
coker process is limited on literature. Therefore, this study analyzes the selection solvent
for PT Pertamina (Persero) commercialized antifoam’s properties and performance in
terms of solubility, dispersibility, surface tension, viscosity, defoaming rate, thermal
stability, defoaming performance stability, hazard potential, and chemical inertness.
Therefore, this review provides valuable insight into the existing and potential
antifoams that can be used in delayed coker unit along with their typical antifoam
capabilities, benefits, and drawbacks.
Keywords: antifoam, delayed coker, refinery, solvent.

80 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 D008

Nitrogen-phosphor modified carbon dots for quantitaive sensing

of histamine
Mochamad Zakki Fahmi1, Nadia Aulia Hanifah1, Miratul Khasanah1,
Aswandi Wibrianto1, Yatim Lailun Nikmah2

Present study reported the preparation of nitrogen-phosphor modified carbon dots

(NP-CDs) through pyrolysis method and further applied for sensitive detection
of histamine via UV-Vis absorption technique. Several characterizations, by XRD,
Raman, FTIR, AFM, and PL; confirming well-formation of NP-CDs its and all optical
properties owed by this nanomaterial. The parameters of analytical method were
next used to evaluate performance of histamine detection, where prove the NP-CDs
quite perform good accuracy and selectivity against of histamine with LOD and LOQ
values were 19.20 and 64 mg/L, respectively. Recovery rate was observed ranging from
89-106%. Even successfully detected histamine by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, NP-
CDs still maintained its photoluminescence properties that it offers more distinct
advantages compared to previous methods including low cost, simple, sensitive and
selective.
Keyword: nitrogen-phosphor carbon dots, histamine detection, characterization, UV-
Vis spectrophotometry, validation

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 81

 D009

Mn3O4 resistive inks synthesized from the manganese ore for

application in printed electronics technology
La Agusu1*, A. Alimin1, Laode M. Darusman1, Risda Adriana1, Ni Made Dwi Cahyani1,
Thamrin Azis1, Al Jalali Muhammad1, I Nyoman Sudiana1, Wa Ode Sukmawati1,
Seitaro Mitsudo2
1
Universitas Halu Oleo, Indonesia
2
Research Center for Development of Far-Infrared Region, University of Fukui, Japan
a
email: [email protected]

Research on the resistive inks has increased in number in the last decades due to its
recognition in printed electronics and future flexible electronics. Flexible electrodes,
for example, that can be fabricated by printing method require materials that are
available in the format of inks. Furthermore, the manganese oxide has been recognized
as the main compound of lithium-ion battery. We report the facile method, i.e. direct
extraction of Mn3O4 nanoparticles from manganese ore taken from Kumbewaha
Village, Siontapina District, Buton RegencyMn3O4 nanoparticles can be well-dispersed
with high stability as a resistive ink in different medium such as aquades, ethanol, and
Triton-X. The ink has been coated on the cotton fabric by dip method for resistivity
measurement. Figure 1 shows (a) XRD data of the as synthesized Mn3O4, (b) dispersed
ink, (c) cotton based smart textile prepared from Mn3O4 ink, and (d) SEM image of
smart textile. It gives a resistivity of about 91 Ω.cm. It is promising as the materials for
application in printed and flexible electronics technologies. Performance of Mn3O4
inks in different medium will be compared.
Keywords: Manganese ore, nanoparticles, resistive ink, printed electronics, flexible
electronics

211
Intensity (a.u.)

103 224

112 321
004
101 200 220 105 303
204 312

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
2θ (degree)

Figure 1 Performance of Mn3O4 ink (a) XRD data of the as prepared Mn3O4
nanoparticle, (b) ink, (c) example of smart textile based on Mn3O4 ink, and (d) SEM
image of smart textile.

82 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 D010

Study on the mineral change of manganese ore due to thermal

treatment
La Agusu1*, Lisnawati1, Waode Siti Ilmawati1, I Nyoman Sudiana1, A. Alimin1,
Rosliana Eso1, H, Kikuchi2, Seitaro Mitsudo2
1
Universitas Halu Oleo, Indonesia
2
Research Center for Development of Far-Infrared Region, University of Fukui, Japan
*
email: [email protected]

The manganese ore of Kumbewaha Village at Buton Island, by our research group,
has been intensively studied to produce Mn3O4 nanoparticles. Usually, it involved a
leaching process in acidic environment and accompanied by a precipitation process
in alkaline condition. It is very promising to be used as an electrode material of Li-
ion battery in the spinel of LixMn2-xO4. However, direct production of Mn3O4 from
manganese ore by involving grinding and heating process is an interesting challenge.
Here, we report a mineralogical change induced by different calcination temperature of
manganese ore. Temperature treatment was done under atmospheric condition from
200 oC to 1000 oC. They were examined by using XRD, susceptibility meter, and SEM-
EDX. XRD data shows that the pyroluliste phase (MnO2) dominate mineralogical
content of manganese ore and change to be hausmanite (Mn3O4) and MnO at
temperature of 400 to 600 oC. At the end, the bixbyte phase (Mn2O3) become a major
mineral at higher temperature of 700 to 1000 oC. Magnetic susceptibility also increases
rapidly accompanying the mineralogical alteration of manganese ores. The nano size
Mn3O4, Mn2O3 and MnO2 can be directly produced by grinding the manganese ore
and followed by heating at a desired temperature.
Keywords: Manganese ore, mineralogy, phase transformation, magnetic susceptibility

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 83

 D011

Introduction of dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) as an

adhesive for making briquettes from ketapang fruit charcoal
(Terminalia catappa L)
P. H. Abram, I. Said, S. Rahmawati, Z. Azahra
Universitas Tadulako, Jl. Soekarno Hatta Km 9 Kota Palu, Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia

Red dragon fruit peel containing pectin about 16-20%, it is one of the hydrocolloids
compounds that can be used as a gelling agent and an adhesive in the manufacture
of charcoal briquettes. Fruit shell is a biomass waste that can be used as charcoal
briquettes. Ketapang fruit shell wich is the main substances in this study, contains
lignocellulose, including lignin 43.46%, cellulose 6.60% and hemicellulose 24.70%
which are the raw materials in the manufacture of charcoal briquettes. So, the of
aims the study to identify the characterization of charcoal briquettes produced from
ketapang fruit shell and adhesive by red dragon fruit peel. The concentrations of
adhesive used are 15%, 20% and 25% in 100 g of charcoal briquette raw material. The
best result of adhesive used is 15%. In terms of Indonesian National Standard (SNI)
on each measurement including density 0.7095 g/cm3, calorific value 8.601.23 cal/g,
water content 6.533%, ash content 3.004%. There are some values doesn’t meet the
standard including compressive strength of 3.0951 kg/cm2, the volatile matter content
of 32.383% and the bound carbon content of 64.513%.
Keywords: briquette, charcoal, ketapang dragon fruit.

84 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 D012

Surface struktur and chemical composition of coconut shell

charcoal using nira aren (Arenga pinnata) acid activation
Meytij Jeanne Rampe1, Johny Zeth Lombok1, Vistarani Arini Tiwow2,
Henny Lieke Rampe3, Marlen Garani1
1
Universitas Negeri Manado, Indonesia
2
Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia
3
Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Indonesia

Coconut shell is a very abundant waste of copra manufacture in North Sulawesi,

Indonesia. Pyrolysis coconut shell charcoal is very potential as a raw material for bio-
adsorbent for health. Making bio-adsorbent activated carbon made from coconut shell
using acetic acid activator from fermented palm sap (Arenga pinnata). Coconut shell
pyrolysis was carried out at a temperature of 400-600oC and acetic acid activator was
obtained by fermenting palm sap for 6 months. The results of SEM (Scanning Electron
Microscopy) analysis showed pore diameters of 11.3 μm, 9.75 μm, 8.70 μm, 8.23 μm, ​​
7.01 μm, and 6.9 μm. The EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) test showed the
purity of the charcoal with the elemental composition of carbon (C) reaching 91.12%
atoms, 8.20% O atoms, 0.50% Al atoms, and 0.16% Ca atoms. The percentages of moles
of C atoms are 99.56 moles, 0.27 mole % Al, and 0.17 mole % Ca. Activation of palm
sap acid increases the purity of coconut shell charcoal as bio-adsorption.
Keywords: palm sap acetic acid, coconut shell charcoal, SEM, EDS

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 85

 D013

The secondary metabolites potential of genus sinularia soft coral

as anticancer through inhibition of DYRK2, CDK4 and PD-1:
Docking molecular simulation
La Ode Aman1*, Arfan2, Aiyi Asnawi3
1
Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Gorontalo, Indonesia
2
Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Indonesia
3
Universitas Bakti Kencana, Bandung, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

Secondary metabolites have become the object of research for the purpose of finding
new drugs because of their biological activity. Marine organisms, including soft corals,
are important sources of secondary metabolites with diverse biological properties.
Soft corals are coral reef ecosystem invertebrates from the phylum Coelenterata that
can produce secondary metabolites with large structural diversity providing various
biological activities including antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-malarial and cytotoxic
properties [1]. In their activity as anticancer candidates by inhibiting the enzyme of
(dual tyrosine kinase 2 (DYRK2), cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and Programmed
cell death 1 (PD-1) are yet not reported. This research aims to study the anticancer
potential of secondary metabolites of soft corals from the genus sinularia by applying
molecular docking techniques. A total of 123 secondary metabolites of 20 species of
soft coral genus sinularia provided by the Maebashi Institute of Technology and Nara
Institute of Science and Technology database [2] were studied for their interactions
with three different cancer receptors, namely dual tyrosine kinase 2 (DYRK2), cyclin
dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1). The results of
molecular docking simulations by using autodock [3] show that secondary metabolites
of soft corals of the genus sinularia with ID C00023756, C00007271, C00040308 have
interaction affinities for the CDK4 enzyme of C00023756 -10.92, -10.85, and -10.82
kcal per mole, respectively, while the native ligand (2PU) is only -10.10. kcal per
mole. The three test ligands with the highest interaction affinity for the PD-1 enzyme
were C00007271, C00041541, and C00041544 at -10.49, -10.38, -10.28 kcal per mole,
respectively. Compound 8YZ which is a native ligand of PD-1 gives an affinity of -11.38
kcal per mole. The secondary metabolites of soft corals of the genus sinularia which
were predicted to give better inhibition of the enzyme DYRK2 than curcumin (native
ligand) were C00007271, C00041544, and C00023756 at -12.37, -12.08 and -11.65 kcal
per mole, respectively, whereas curcumin was only able to provide interaction affinity.
of -10.06 kcal per mole. In conclusion, it was found that compounds that have potential
as anticancer are C00007271 (a secondary metabolite of the species Sinularia dura,
Sinularia maxima, and Sinularia gibberosa), C00023756 (Sinularia dura), C00040308
(Sinularia flexibilis), C00041541 (Sinularia gibberosa), and C00041544 (Sinularia
gibberosa).
Keywords: anticancer, genus sinularia, secondary metabolite, soft coral.

86 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 F021

Production and characterization of nickel oxide nanostructures

loaded on carbon nanofibers using liquid phase adsorption-
thermal oxidation
A. Alimin*, L.O. Kadidae, L.O. Ahmad, L.O.A.N. Ramadhan, D. Ismail, N. Afrianti,
R. Rahmawati, S.H. Sabarwati, I. Intan, L.O.A. Kadir, M. Z. Firihu, I. Usman, La Agusu
Universitas Halu Oleo, Kampus Hijau Bumi Tridharma, Kendari 93232, Indonesia.
*
email: [email protected]

We reported production and characterization of nickel oxide (NiO) nanostructures

loaded on Carbon Nanofibers (CNFs) using Liquid Phase Adsorption-Thermal
Oxidation. Prior to thermal oxidation, we employed liquid phase adsorption (LPA)
irradiated by ultrasonic energy under ambient temperature using Ni(NO3)2∙6H2O as
a precursor of NiO. Then, as prepared Ni(II)@CNFs were thermally calcined at 573 K
under air atmosphere for 2.5 hours. Formation of NiO nanostructure was characterized
by XRD, SEM-EDX and FTIR techniques. The appearance of characteristic peak on
XRD patterns indicate that NiO nanostructures have been successfully produced
on CNFs. NiO nanostructures formed on CNFs were clearly observed on SEM image.
Based on EDX data, we found contents of Ni and O loaded on CNFs. In addition, the
presence of Ni-O peak on FTIR spectra suggests that the nickel oxide nanostructures
have been loaded onto CNFs.
Keywords: carbon nanofibers, nickel oxide, liquid phase adsorption, ultrasonic energy,
thermal oxidation

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 87

 F023

Pore structure and properties of geopolymer membrane from

metakaolin: Effect of metal oxide
Agung Bagus Pambudi1, Nurlina1, Zeni Rahmawati1, Fitria Sandi Faradilla1, Moh
Naufal Alief1, Subaer2, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah3 and Hamzah Fansuri1,a)
1
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
2
Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia
3
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
*
email: [email protected]

In this research, kaolin-based geopolymer membranes were prepared with different

type of metal oxide. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used as foaming agent to introduce
porosity on geopolymer structure. Water glass and sodium hydroxide mixture were
added as alkaline activators to induce geopolymerization process. The fabricated
composite then characterized with FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and porosity
analysis. The prepared membrane revealed different type of metal oxide produce
varied porosity and pore strucuture on geopolymer membrane with copper oxide-
based membrane exhibited more dense and non-porous structure while zinc oxide
and titanium dioxide have more porous and lighter structure. The kinetics study of
oxygen evolution from H2O2 decomposition revealed that the highest O2 evolution
rate was achieved with NiO and CuO with value of 81.85 and 19.3 μl.s-1. NiO and
CuO displayed higher decomposition rates than ZnO and TiO2 that led to less porous
structure of membrane.
Keyword: geopolymer, pore structure, metal oxide

88 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 D024

Effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) content on

hydrophobicity of silica thin layer derived from Sodium silicate
(Na2SiO3) and Dimethoxydimethylsilane (DMDMS)
Adi Darmawan*, Febri Daris Faidaturohmah, Sriatun
Universitas Diponegoro, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

Modification of the surface hydrophobicity of the material has been carried out through
hydrophobic thin layer silica coating. This study aims to obtain a thin layer and xerogel
silica from precursors Na2SiO3 and Dimethoxydimethylsilane (DMDMS) with the
addition of the surfactant Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) and determine
the correlation between CTAB content and the hydrophobic character of thin layer
silica and silica functional groups. DMDMS is a silica precursor which has a methyl
group so that it can function as a hydrophobic directing agent. Preparation of silica
xerogel and silica thin layer using the sol-gel method with varying amounts of CTAB.
A thin layer of silica was coated on a glass plate by dip-coating method and calcined
at a temperature of 150°C for 1.5 hours at an increasing rate of 2°C/min. Meanwhile,
xerogel was obtained by drying silica sol at room temperature and then calcined and
characterized using FTIR. The results showed that the composition of CTAB added to
DMDMS-Na2SiO3 had a significant influence on the hydrophobic properties of thin
films and silica xerogels, where the greater the amount of CTAB added, the greater
the contact angle obtained. The largest water contact angle was obtained at 0.06 gram
CTAB composition with angles of 116.8°, 142.2°, and 143.9° for each thin layer, non-
calcined xerogel, and calcined xerogel. The results of the FTIR analysis showed that the
ratio of (C-H)/(Si-O-Si cyclical) groups increased with increasing CTAB composition.
Keywords: cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB); Silica Thin Layer, Sodium
Silicate (Na2SiO3), Dimethoxydimethylsilane (DMDMS)

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 89

 G001

The application of acid catalyst in reducing free fatty acids

number in liquid waste of instant noodle industry
Ika Kusuma Nugraheni*, Nuryati, Faridah, Nanis Nurisyah
Politeknik Negeri Tanah Laut, Indonesia.
*
email: [email protected]

One of the problems in instant noodle industrial waste is the processing of liquid
waste generated from the frying process. This waste contains oil mixed with solids
and water from noodle production. The oil content in the waste can be modified for
other products. This study aims to conduct pretreatment of noodle waste using an acid
catalyst for reducing the number of Free Fatty Acids. The research was carried out by
varying the sulfuric acid concentration by 1.25%, 1.55%; 1.85%; 2.15%, and 2.45%
of the weight of the waste used. ALB reduction was carried out by the esterification
method. The results showed that using a 2.45% catalyst reduced ALB up to 1.41%
with three esterification treatments and gave a yield of 34%. This value is the best
compared to the use of other acid catalyst concentrations. After getting the lowest
number of FFA, this treatment continued by transesterification using a base catalyst.
The chromatography results showed that these two processes could bring out methyl
esters.

90 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 G002

Optimization of ulvan biopolymer extraction from Ulva Sp. using

ultrasound microwave extraction as a biodegradable plastic
material
Istiqomah Rahmawati*, Boy Arief Fachri, Febri Adrian, Yasmin Annisa,
Zilma Aliyah Farwah, Ranita Anggi Anggraini, Muhammad Reza
Universitas Jember, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

The high level of petroleum-based plastic pollution encourages the use of biodegradable
plastics which is made from sustainable natural resources. Seaweed can be a suitable
source because of the availability of abundant, cheap and renewable source for this
this case. As a biocompatible polymer, ulvan suitable to apply in various fields, one
of which is as a biodegradable plastic material. This study aimed to optimize the
extraction of ulvan from Ulva sp. And emphasized its use for biodegradable plastic
manufacturing applications with using the Ultrasound Microwave Extraction (UME)
method. Ultrasound Microwave Extraction is a combination of two non-conventional
extraction methods that can be applied to the ulvan extraction process. Extracted
ulvan was characterized to determine protein content, moisture content, molecular
weight and HPLC analysis to show the composition of ulvan monosaccharides. The
impacts of four independent variables including ultrasound temperature (X1, 40
– 80°C), ultrasound time (X2, 30 – 60 min), microwave power (X3, 100 – 800 W)
and microwave time (X4, 10 – 30 min) were investigated through Box-Behnken
experimental design. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Box-Behnken design was
used to select process conditions from a combination of factors that produce optimal
responses. The optimum parameters obtained are expected to increase the extraction
product of ulvan biopolymer compared to other methods.
Keywords: Ulva Sp, ulvan, ultrasound microwave extraction, biodegradable plastic.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 91

 G003

Highly adsorption-photoactive tablet-shaped graphite-TiO2

composites for handling organic dyes pollutant
Faizal Mustapa1, Albi Fabian2, Eza Rezki Fitaloka2, Aryani Adami3, Anwar Said2, Jamal
Mukaddas4, Abriansyah2, Dwiprayogo Wibowo2*
1
Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari 93231, Indonesia.
2
Universitas Muhammadiyah Kendari, Kendari 93117, Indonesia.
3
Universitas Mandala Waluya, Kendari 93231, Indonesia.
4
Universitas Lakidende, Unaaha 93461, Indonesia.
*
email: [email protected]

Designing effective adsorption-photocatalyst over graphite-TiO2 nanocomposites

tablet with facile synthesis and low cost exists challenges for handling organic dyes
pollutant. Herein, we discover an advanced adsorption-photoactive based on a
TiO2 framework incorporated with graphite through a tablet-shaped and physical
mixing method. In addition, it was printed using metal chips for highly adsorption-
photocatalyst against organic dyes. The mass compositions have been evaluated to
compare the high degradation performance against mass variations of composites
in degrading organic dyes namely methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB).
The results demonstrated that the 1:2 mass variation of graphite-TiO2 produced
an enhancement in adsorption-photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes. The
degradation rate of MO dye was 93.99% after treatment with UV light irradiation for
60 min, and the reaction rate constant was k = 0.01726 min-1. Meanwhile, the MB dye
was also exhibited good performance with a percentage degradation of 80.22% and
a reaction rate constant of k = 0.00947 min-1. This constant was much higher than
that of two mass variations (1:1 and 2:1) graphite-TiO2 due to the improvement in
the availability of good sites for graphite adsorption and separation of electron-hole
pairs of TiO2. Moreover, the graphite-TiO2 tablet exhibits excellent reusability and a
reasonable degradation for wastewater treatment.
Keywords: TiO2; graphite; adsorption; photocatalyst; organic dyes.

92 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 G004

Analysis of hydrocarbon gas buried onshore pipeline accidents in

Indonesia as the databases for failure frequency evaluation in a
quantitative risk assessment
Darmawan Ahmad Mukharror1,4*, Heri Hermansyah1, Ibnu Maulana1,
Muhammad Yusuf1, Hary Devianto2
1
Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
2
Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40116, Indonesia
4
PT Keselamatan Proses Indonesia, Surabaya 60112, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

The pipeline has been widely used for transporting hydrocarbon gas and liquid
throughout Indonesia since the 1970s. Approximately 18,687 km of the gas pipeline
has been built in Indonesia, as of May 31, 2022. However, the growth of pipeline
installation is subjected to several threats which can cause pipeline failures. Despite
there are thousands of kilometers of pipeline infrastructure built in Indonesia, there
are no data on these pipeline failures have been collected or analyzed. Quantitative
Risk Assessment (QRA) is often used to measure the risk level of an onshore
pipeline installation. In QRA evaluation, the frequency of a pipeline incident is often
calculated by a generic failure frequency approach. Most of these generic failure
frequencies are obtained from a foreign country or other region incident databases
which may not be suited to Indonesia’s experience. As a consequence, quantitative
risk assessments for onshore pipelines may not represent the frequency assessment
of the Indonesian case. In addition, a better understanding of the initiating causes
and pipeline failure characteristics should provide important information to improve
operation, maintenance, and inspection activities for existing onshore pipelines and as
a guideline in selecting the design criteria for new onshore pipelines. The objective of
this paper is to provide the basis of data for the determination of failure frequency for
onshore pipeline risk assessment. Accident data from 1,057.9 km of buried onshore
gas pipelines within 30 years (1976 – 2005) in Indonesia were gathered and assessed in
order to provide the cause of failures as well as the effect of pipeline age and diameter
on the generic failure rate. This research reveals the average failure rate of 5.36E-
04/km-year of onshore pipelines in Indonesia. Data analysis from buried onshore
pipeline accidents in Indonesia also showed that 52.9% of the accident were related
to the pipeline rupture where the remaining corresponded with pipeline leaking. The
study concluded that baseline failure frequencies from this analysis can be used for
buried onshore pipeline quantitative risk assessment purposes. Further pipeline failure
research for a relatively current period (e.g., from 2005 to 2022), type of installation
(e.g., buried or non-buried), and other applications of the pipeline (e.g., offshore
pipeline) should be conducted as a way forward for this study to have a more complete
database for Indonesian pipeline accidents.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 93

 Abstracts
Parallel Session E

94 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 E001

Development of hydrazine sensor based on modified glassy

carbon electrode
Hemas Arif Rahman1, Wulan Tri Wahyuni1,2, Budi Riza Putra3*
1
IPB University, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
2
Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN) Republic Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

Hydrazine is a toxic compound which has neurotoxin, mutagenic, carcinogenic,

and hepatotoxic properties. In this work, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) has been
modified with the composite of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ErGO)
and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS) for the
purpose of hydrazine detection. The proposed sensor exhibits a well electrochemical
and analytical performance investigated with the optimum parameters for the
measurement using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV),
and square wave voltammetry (SWV) techniques. In particular DPV and SWV
techniques displayed a linear relationship in the concentration range of 100 – 200
µM of hydrazine based on GCE modified ErGO/PEDOT:PSS. Furthermore, both
techniques were used to obtain the value the detection limit (LoD) and quantitation
limit (LoQ) for hydrazine detection as 10 µM and 50 µM for DPV and 15 µM and 60
µM for SWV. In addition, this proposed hydrazine sensor displayed a good selectivity
due to its recovery range in the range 95 – 120% with an acceptable reproducibility and
stability indicated by % RSD value of less than 5 %. In conclusion, this proposed sensor
for hydrazine detection based on GCE modified ErGO/PEDOT:PSS shows a potency
to be applied in real analysis.
Keywords: electrochemically reduced graphene oxide, hydrazine, PEDOT:PSS,
voltammetry, water analysis.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 95

 E002

Carbon paste electrode modified with natural bentonite for

analysis of ion Pb(II) in sea water at Serangan beach, Bali
Irdhawati Irdhawati*, Ni Putu Gita Widi Saraswati, Emmy Sahara
1
Udayana University, Bukit Jimbaran Bali, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

In this research, a modified bentonite carbon paste electrode was used for Pb (II) ion
analysis using the anodic stripping voltammetry technique. The aim of this research
is to increase the sensitivity of Pb (II) ion measurements. Optimized parameters were
determined such as a natural bentonite composition in carbon paste, deposition time,
deposition potential, and scan rate. The range of linear concentration, detection limit,
quantitation limit, repeatability, and percent recovery was validated. The results were
obtained with the optimum composition of natural bentonite at 12%. The optimum
deposition time with carbon paste electrode (CPE) was 120 seconds and with natural
bentonite modified carbon paste electrode (CPE-B) was decreased to 90 seconds, the
optimum deposition potential with CPE was at -0.43 V, and with CPE-B was at -0.23
V, the optimum scan rate using CPE and CPE-B had the same value at 15 mV/s. Pb
(II) ion measurements were obtained in the range of 10 - 2000 μg/L using CPE and
5- 2500 μg/L using CPE-B. The detection limit of CPE was found at 0.372 mg/L and
decreased to 0.166 mg/L using CPE-B. The quantitation limit of CPE was 0.958 mg/L
and decreased to 0.525 mg/L using CPE-B. The repeated measurements for both CPE
and CPE-B produced Horwitz ratio values were less than 2. CPE-B at the optimum
measurement conditions was used to measure the concentration of Pb (II) ions in a
seawater sample taken from 3 different locations. The results were obtained at 1.97 ±
13, 1.354 ± 4.76, and 1.080 ± 3.28 mg/L. According to the Decree of the Ministry for
the Environment No. 51/2004 concerning Sea Water Quality Standards, the value has
exceeded the maximum limit of 0.1 mg/L.
Keywords: anodic stripping voltammetry, bentonite, Pb(II) ion, seawater, Serangan
beach.

96 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 E003

The Development of Portable Visible Spectrophotometer for

Discrimination of the Origin of Java Tea
Rudi Heryanto, Dyah Iswantini*, Eti Rohaeti, Mohamad Rafi, Puput Melati
IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
*
[email protected]

The quality of herbal products depends on the quality of its raw material which can
be affected by various physical, chemical, and geographical aspects. The objective
of this study was to develop a portable visible spectrophotometer using consumer
electronics and combined with chemometrics for discrimination the origin of Java tea.
The spectrophotometer was constructed by using LED as a light source, optical layer of
DVD as a grating, web camera as a detector and the Theremino spectrometer software
as signal processor. The analytical performance of portable spectrophotometer was
measured using parameters such as linearity and percent recovery toward analysis
of permanganate standard. Furthermore, the spectrophotometer also was used to
discriminate Java tea from two origin i.e Bogor and Sukabumi. Results showed that the
analytical performance of portable spectrophotometer was not different with reference
instruments (Hitachi U-2800). It has linearity with coefficient of determination (R2)
was 0.989 and percent recovery that showed accuracy was 100.33%. In addition to that,
spectrophotometer was used to generate spectrum of java tea extract from Sukabumi
dan Bogor and analyzed using chemometrics. Based on those spectrums, the origin
of java tea sample can be grouped well using the principal component analysis (PCA)
method and the principal components can provide information of 95% of the total
variance.
Keywords: quality herbal material, portable spectrophotometer, theremino
spectrometer, chemometrics, Java tea.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 97

 E004

Enhanced luminol electrochemiluminescence for hydrogen

peroxide detection using gold nanoparticles@Polyaniline-
modified boron-doped diamond electrode
Isnaini Rahmawati1, Endang Saepudin1, Andrea Fiorani2, Yasuaki Einaga2,
Tribidasari A. Ivandini1*
1
Department of Chemistry, FMIPA Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi 3-14-
1, Yokohama,223-8522, Japan
*
email: [email protected]

A hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection was successfully developed using luminol

electrochemiluminescence (ECL) phenomenon at a boron-doped diamond (BDD)
electrode. In order to improve the ECL signals, the surface of the BDD was decorated
with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Prior to the AuNPs decoration, polyaniline (PANI)
was modified on the BDD surface for the framework to attach and maintain the
stability of the AuNPs on the BDD surface. AuNPs@PANI was successfully modified at
BDD electrode confirmed by the electrochemical and FE-SEM EDX characterization.
At an optimum potential of +0.6 V and 1 mM of luminol concentration at pH 9, the
luminol ECL at the modified BDD electrode resulted better performance, as seen from
the sensitivity 29.31 a.u. µM-1 cm-2 for the modified electrode, which is around 4 times
better than the unmodified BDD electrode (5.71 a.u. µM-1 cm-2). In addition, the lower
detection limit at 2.08 µM can be achieved. The sensor displayed a good performance
for H2O2 samples measurements in a commercial toothpaste matrix shown by 88 to
102% recoveries.
Keywords: electrochemiluminescence, H2O2, BDD, gold nanoparticle, luminol.

98 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 E005

Optimization of uric acid detection with Au nanorod-decorated

graphene oxide (GO/AuNR) using response surface methodology
Hana Safitri1, Wulan Tri Wahyuni1*, Eti Rohaeti1, Munawar Khalil2 and Frank Marken3
1
IPB University, Indonesia.
2
Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia.
3
University of Bath, United Kingdom
*
email: [email protected]

A modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed based on synthesized

graphene oxide (GO) decorated gold nanorods (AuNR) composite (GO/AuNR) for
sensitive electrochemical sensing of uric acid (UA). The electrochemical performance
of GO/AuNR/GCE for UA detection was investigated employing the differential pulse
voltammetry (DPV) technique. Central composite design (CCD) was applied to obtain
the optimum composition of GO and AuNR composite, which provide the highest
possible UA oxidation peak current. The optimum condition was obtained at GO
concentration of 5 mg mL-1 and AuNR volume of 10 mL. At the optimum condition,
GO/AuNR/GCE showed acceptable analytical performances for UA detection with
good linearity (concentration range of 10–90 μM) and both a low detection limit
(0.4 μM) and quantitation limit (1.0 μM). Furthermore, the proposed sensor exhibits
superior stability, reproducibility, and selectivity using ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine
(DA), urea, glucose, and magnesium as interference. Finally, practical use of GO/
AuNR/GCE was demonstrated by successfully determining the content of UA in
human urine samples with the standard addition approach.
Keywords: AuNR, electrode, graphene oxide, sensor, uric acid

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 99

 E006

Effect of rapid and slow stirring on floc growth in biocoagulation

of peat water with jackfruit seeds (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.)
as measuring by DinoCapture 2.0
Rudy Syah Putra*, Restiara Pramesti
Unversitas Islam Indonesia, Jl. Kaliurang km. 14, Yogyakarta 55584, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

A biocoagulation process has been carried out using jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus
L.) seeds with a particle size of 250 mesh in peat water treatment. One of the factors
to improve the biocoagulation process is mixing with rapid and slow stirring. In this
study, rapid stirring was carried out for 5, 10, and 15 minutes and slow stirring was
carried out for 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes. Floc formation analysis was carried out
using a digital microscope connected to a computer. The images of the flocs formed
on the photos were analyzed using the DinoCapture 2.0 software. The results showed
that the longer the rapid stirring time, the larger the floc formed, but the number
of floc formed decreased. On the other hand, the shorter the amount of time that is
accelerated, the smaller the size of the floc formed and the smaller the floc formed. The
optimum time for rapid stirring was 5 minutes, and slow stirring was 30 minutes, with
floc sizes spread evenly at 0.2 - 0.8 mm. Other results showed that the biocoagulation
process with jackfruit seeds on rapid stirring for 5 minutes and slow 30 minutes had
increased the TDS parameters and light intensity by 205 mg/L (5.67%) and 1001 Lux
(35.27%) and decreased turbidity to 18.37 NTU (46.20%) and the pH of the solution
to be 5.5.
Keywords: biocoagulation, peat water, DinoCapture 2.0, floc, jack fruit seed
(Artocarpus heterophyllus L.),

100 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 E007

Water cooling quality analysis of research reactor RSG-GAS and

interm storage spent fuel (ISSF)
Rahayu Kusumastuti, Sofia Loren Butar-butar*, Geni R. Sunaryo, Sriyono
National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

Water quality control is very necessary to maintain the reactor safety. Therefore, it
is required to understand well the important parameters of water quality ad their
influences on the corrosion of fuel and reactor systems. One of the activities that can
be carried out is the corrosion surveillance program for the multipurpose reactor RSG
GAS and ISSF. This activity has been commenced since 2006 by using a series of disc
coupons. The materials of coupons are AlMg2, AlMg3, dan SS 314. AlMg2 is used as a
fuel cladding for the RSG-GAS. The method used for water chemistry analysis in these
two pools is monitoring and measuring pH, temperature, and conductivity of cooling
water. pH, temperature, and conductivity of cooling water are the main parameters used
to characterized water quality. This research obtains pH, temperature and conductivity
of primary coolant are beyond the operating condition limit, or in other words the
water quality management is very good. Meanwhile, at ISSF, the monthly average pH
of pool water is always in the range of the minimum and maximum pH values in
normal operating conditions. The average temperature of water pool is relatively stable
every month and is still below the maximum operating condition limit. The results
of conductivity of pool and canal water are also relatively stable every month and are
always below the maximum conductivity allowed.
Keywords: water chemistry, pH, conductivity, cooling water temperature, RSG GAS
and ISSF.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 101

 E008

Optimization of biodiesel synthesis of nyamplung oil by

enzymatically using response surface methodology
Ni Putu Eka Radianti, Erin Ryantin Gunawan*, Dedy Suhendra, Mustika Hadijanti
Faculty Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram
*
email: [email protected]

The need for fuel oil in Indonesia is increasing along with technological developments,
while petroleum energy reserves are decreasing every day and cannot be renewed.
Therefore, to anticipate this, it is necessary to have alternative renewable energy such
as Biodiesel. Biodiesel is a fuel consisting of a mixture of monoalkyl esters derived
from long-chain fatty acids or oil, which are renewable from nature. One source of
oil that can be used as an alternative energy source to be processed into biodiesel
is plant (vegetable) oil such as oil from nyamplung (Callophylum innophylum Linn)
seeds. The nyamplung plant is very potential when used as a raw material for biodiesel
production due to the high oil content in the seeds (40-73%), and is a non-edible oil
so that it does not compete with food needs. This study aims to optimize the reaction
results by observing various conditions that are influenced by several variables,
namely reaction time, reaction temperature, molar ratio of substrate (oil/ethanol) and
amount of enzyme. Design Expert v.13 software is used to observe the interaction
between variables through Response Surface Methodology (RSM) which can affect
the optimum synthesis conditions obtained. The recommended model to get optimal
results is a quadratic model with a p-value of 0.0083; lack of fit with a p-value of 0.1640
and an R-squared value of 0.7760. The optimum conditions produced by this method
are reaction time of 4.419 hours, reaction temperature of 52.457 , molar ratio of oil to
ethanol of 1: 5.825 w/v and the amount of enzyme is 3.795 g with the percentage of
predicted and actual biodiesel yields are 75.387.and 74,285%, respectively
Keywords: biodiesel, nyamplung oil, optimization, RSM, Design Expert v.13.

102 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 E009

Molecularly imprinted polymer chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate:

Synthesis and application for extraction of antibiotic residue in
agricultural products
Eviomitta Rizki Amandaa*, Alif Sabilillah Lukito Pradanab, Muhammad Yusril Fitronib,
Imelda Reza Adzaniab, Wida Nisfi Lailib, Lilik Nurfadlilaha,b, Galih Satrio Putrab
Universitas Anwar Medika, Jl. Raya By Pass Krian KM. 33, Sidoarjo 61263, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

Low concentration of antibiotic residue in a complex matrix of agricultural products

make the analysis of residue become a challenging task. Molecularly imprinted polymer
(MIP) is a smart sorbent that which was succesfully used in this study for sample
preparation stage. A chitosan-based molecularly imprinted polymer (Chi-MIP) was
successfully used for extraction tetracycline residue from egg and milk samples. 0.1
gram of Chi-MIP was put into a bag-shaped cellulose filter paper size 2 x 2 cm. The
sorbent is added to the solution containing the tetracycline. The extraction process is
carried out using hotplate magnetic stirrer and at the end of the extraction process, the
analyte is desorbed in an organic solvent with the aid of ultrasonicator. The desorbed
analyte was then analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at the wavelength 267
nm. The optimization parameters showed optimal results, namely ethyl acetate as
desorbing organic solvents, extraction time of 12 minutes, and desorption time of 3
minutes. The results of the method validation on the egg matrix with the standard
addition method showed a linearity range of 1-5 mgL-1, correlation coefficient (R2) of
0.99; percentage of recovery 99.14%; precision 1.62%; LoD 0.29 mgL-1; LoQ 0.98 mgL-
1
; and an enrichment factor of 3.27 times.
Keywords: antibiotic residues; chitosan; milk; molecularly imprinted polymer;
tetracycline

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 103

 E010

Hexadesiltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) surfactant modified

cellulose in DGT system for determination of phosphate
concentration in aquatic environment
Khairuddin*, Ruslan, Nur Hafidzah
Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

High concentrations of phosphate in the aquatic environment can cause algae

explosions which can lead to an imbalance in the aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, it is
necessary to determine the bioavailability of phosphate to determine its concentration
in water. One of the effective methods currently used in determining the bioavailability
of phosphate in aquatic environments is the Diffusive Gradient in Thin Films (DGT)
method. In this study, modification of the cellulose adsorbent as a binding layer for
the DGT system was carried out by adding surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium
(HDTMA) with a concentration of 100 ppm. Characterization of HDTMA modified
cellulose was carried out by FT-IR and SEM spectroscopy. Diffuse and adsorbed
phosphate concentrations were determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results of the
analysis of HDTMA surfactant modified cellulose with FTIR showed the presence of
OH, C-H (Aliphatic), CH2, C-O, and C-O-C groups. The presence of O-H and C-O
bonds in the modified cellulose indicates that the resulting sample tends to be more
polar. Based on the SEM test results showed HDTMA surfactant was clearly bound to
cellulose. The analysis of the effect of pH on the DGT method was carried out through
a phosphate solution test with variations of pH 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 for 6 hours then the
cellulose-HDTMA gel was eluted using 0.25 M H2SO4. The results of the analysis of
the effect of pH showed the highest phosphate adsorption in the test solution with a
pH of 3.
Keywords: phosphate, DGT, cellulose, HDTMA.

104 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 E011

Study on the Use of Natural Fiber on Adsorption Method Using

Pineapple (Ananas comosus) and flax (Cannabis sativa ssp.) Leaf
Fiber in Leachate Treatment
Rudy Syah Putra*, Muhammad Erriyansyah Reska
Unversitas Islam Indonesia, Jl. Kaliurang km. 14, Yogyakarta 55584, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

Activated carbon is the most popular and effective adsorbent material, but the process
of making activated carbon requires high temperatures (500-1000 °C). This study aims
to test the effectiveness of natural fibers as an alternative to the use of activated carbon.
The results of the FTIR analysis of natural fibers from pineapple (Ananas comosus)
and hemp (Cannabis sativa ssp.) leaves with varying concentrations of NaOH, namely
0.3 M, 0.5 M, 0.7 M, 1 M, and without delignification with NaOH. The concentration
of NaOH can affect the delignification process because it can dissolve lignin in natural
fibers. The results of pineapple leaf fiber analysis using FTIR showed the –OH group
with the greatest intensity at wave number 3332.70 cm-1 and the C-O group at wave
number 1029.66 cm-1 with a NaOH concentration of 0.3 M. For flax leaf fiber the
intensity of the cluster - The largest OH at wave number 3336.86 cm-1 and the C-O
group at wave number 1028.66 cm-1 with a NaOH concentration of 0.7 M. The wave
number of pineapple leaf fiber shows a decrease in the intensity of the C=O group as
the NaOH concentration increases while the leaf fiber hemp did not show a significant
decrease in the intensity of the C=O group.
Keywords: bioadsorption, leachate, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, (Cannabis
sativa ssp. Sativa), (Ananas comosus)

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 105

 E012

Green Approach of Peat Water Treatment (Coagulation) Using

Azadirachta indica Seed
Rudy Syah Putra*, Farikhatul Fitria
Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, 5584, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different rapid mixing times on peat water
coagulation process using Azadirachta indica seed. Peat water and Azadirachta indica
seed were mixed rapidly in 5, 10, and 15 minutes, then mixed slowly in 30 minutes,
afterward, jar-test was carried out for settlement. The floc formed was put into a petri
dish, then captured and measured with a Dino-Lite digital microscope equipped with
Dino-Capture 2.0 software. At the rapid mixing time of 5 minutes, the total floc was
higher than the rapid mixing time of 10 and 15 minutes. However, the floc size was
decreased with the increase of rapid mixing time. Small size of floc ( i.e under 0.2
mm) was formed higher in 5 minutes of rapid mixing time. Then the floc size was
increased with the increased of rapid mixing time. The peat water characteristic after
coagulation, was carried out by measure the pH, turbidity, TDS. The pH was changed
from 5 to 6.9 – 7.5 pH. Turbidity removal (97%) was optimum in 5 minutes. Whereas
the TDS removal (13%) was optimum in 5 minutes. To monitor the effectiveness of
coagulant (Azadirachta indica seed), measurement of the sludge volume index (SVI)
and sludge mass (SM) was done in this study. Furthermore, to determine the behavior
of particulate materials (i.e Azadirachta indica seed), pH of point zero charge was
determined using pH drift method. Where, Azadirachta indica seed has a 6.5 pH of
pzc.
Keywords: azadirachta indica seed, coagulation, floc and floc size, peat water, dino-lite
and dino-capture 2.0 software.

106 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 E013

Synthesis of Fe3O4-SiO2/GO as Adsorbent Batik’s Dye Remazol

Turquoise Blue G-133 and Remazol Red RB-133: Equilibrium,
Kinetics and Thermodynamics Mechanism
Muhammad Ramadhan*, Fahmiati, Armid
Universitas Halu Oleo, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

The synthesis of Graphene Oxide (GO) from shell of palm oil from agricultural
industrial waste located in Southeast Sulawesi has successfully implemented with
a rendament of 54.14%. The formed GO then applied as adsorbent of Batik’s dye
Remazol Turquoise Blue G-133 and Remazol Red RB-133. GO composted using Fe3O4
(rendament 78.9%) which isolated from iron sand from Bugel Beach, Kulon Progo,
D.I. Yogyakarta, and Na2SiO3 13% with the sol-gel method to created Fe3O4-SiO2/
GO. The successful synthesis of Fe3O4-SiO2/GO composites exhibited by SEM-EDX
with the presence of silica and GO on the Fe3O4 surface. There is likewise diffraction
of crystallinity (0 0 2) indistinguishable to GO in the XRD Fe3O4-SiO2/GO retention
band, as well as the presence of stretch vibrations of C-O-C and Fe-O-Si bonds at
wavelengths 1384 and 1076 cm-1, respectively. Besides founded on the VSM analysis
consequences of the Fe3O4, there was a decrease in magnetization of up to 17.31 emu/
gram subsequent covered utilizing silica and GO. Based on the adsorption aftereffects
of Remazol Turquoise Blue G-133 and Remazol Red RB-133, Fe3O4-SiO2/GO is better
to occur at pH 8 and 6, respectively. As well as showing an increase in qe and EA
alongside the expansion in concentration, time, and temperature. Remazol Turquoise
Blue G-133 more following the Temkin isothermal (R2 0.9611) with KT 4.72x10-1 L.g-1
and bT 2.75x10-1 kJ.mol-1 and interparticle diffusion kinetic model (R2 0.9936) with a kid
of 5.83x10-1 mg.g-1.min-1/2 and a theoretical capacity constant of -2.18x10-1 mg.g-1, and
in view of Elovich kinetics models got a desorption limit (β) of 5.67x10-1 g.mg-1 and
occurred spontaneously shows with Δsy -86.0 kJ.mol-1 exothermically indicated from
ΔH -42.2 kJ.mol-1 and ΔS 1.42x10-1 J.mol-1 K-1. Remazol Red RB-133 more followed
the Temkin isothermal (R2 0.9955) with KT 1.01x10-1 L.g-1 and bT 1.21x10-1 kJ.mol-1
and the second-order pseudo kinetic model (R2 0.9926) with k2 1.39x10-2 g.mg-1.min-
1
and the hypothetical capacity limit (q2) 11.0x10-1 mg.g-1, and based on the Elovich
kinetics model obtained β of 6.24x10-1 g.mg-1 and occurred spontaneously with ΔḠ
-42.4 kJ.mol-1 exothermically indicated from ΔH -19.1 kJ.mol-1 and ΔS 7.57x10-2 J.mol-1
K-1.
Keyword: Fe3O4-SiO2/GO, graphene-oxide, adsorption, remazol, magnetics.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 107

 E016

Synthesis and characterization of Di(2-Ethylhexyl)Phthalate

molecular imprinted polymer nanofibers (DEHP MIP-NFs)
Nurrahmi Handayani1*, Siti Oryza Sativa1, Muhamad Nasir2, Muhammad Ali Zulfikar1
1
Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.
2
National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Cisitu, Bandung 40135, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

In this study, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate molecularly imprinted polymer nanofibers

(DEHP MIP-NFs) were prepared through a combination of precipitation polymerization
techniques to produce MIPs and electrospinning as a facile method for preparing
fibrous materials and imprinting surface molecules. The method of incorporation
MIPs and NIPs into nanofibers was carried out in two different ways: dispersion/
conjugation of MIPs microparticles to polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers and coating
of PAN nanofibers by the imprinted polymers. MIPs were produced using methyl
methacrylate (MMA) as a functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate
(EGDMA) as a crosslinker, benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator, acetonitrile as a
porogen, and DEHP as a molecular template. Non-DEHP imprinted polymers (NIPs)
were also prepared as controls. The structure and morphology of the prepared MIP-
NFs and NIP-NFs were investigated using FTIR spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and
SEM characterization. The results showed that both MIPs and NIPs were spherical
particles and had a shape with a micron size of approximately 0.5 µm. The adsorption
peaks at 1728 cm-1 and 1159 cm-1 in the MIPs and NIPs spectra indicated the presence
of C=O strain and C-O vibrations of methacrylic acid and showed that MIPs and
NIPs have the same chemical structure. The absence of DEHP absorption peaks in the
MIPs spectrum indicates that DEHP has been successfully desorbed from MIPs. This
DEHP MIP-NFs composite will be further developed for the application of selective
separation of DEHP-contaminated wastewater.
Keywords: DEHP, molecularly imprinted polymer, polyacrylonitrile, nanofiber.

108 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 E017

Phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of Intsia bijuga with

different extraction methods
Mohamad Rafi*, Rita Kartika Sari, Ietje Wientarsih, Laela Wulansari,
Antonio Kautsar, Dewi Anggraini Septaningsih
IPB University Bogor 16680, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

Intsia bijuga, known as kayu merbau in Indonesia, is mainly found in the forests of
Papua and belongs to the Fabaceae. This plant is known to contain phenolic and
flavonoid compounds and is useful as an antioxidant. In this study, we compared
the three extraction methods on the phytochemical profiles (total phenolic and
flavonoid content, and FTIR spectra) and their antioxidant capacity. The extraction
techniques compared are maceration, sonication, and reflux methods. Total phenolic
and flavonoid levels as well as antioxidant capacity obtained, showed slightly different
results from each other, but there was no significant difference between the three
extraction methods used. The FTIR spectra showed almost similar spectral patterns
in each extract, but there were differences in the intensity of the absorbance values ​​at
wave numbers 3360 (-OH), 1620 (C=C), 1454 (C-H sp3), and 1156 (C-O) cm-1. These
results indicate a slight difference between the three extraction methods. For grouping
based on the extraction method, absorbance spectrum data from FTIR (4000-400 cm-1)
was used using principal component analysis (PCA). Before PCA, the FTIR spectrum
was preprocessed data using baseline (offset & linear) and standard normal variate.
Based on PCA, I. bijuga wood extract with three different extraction methods can be
grouped into groups of extraction methods. The three extraction methods used gave
slightly variable results in the value of total phenolic, total flavonoid, and antioxidant
capacity. However, the composition profiles can be distinguished using FTIR and PCA
spectra.
Keywords: antioxidant, chemometrics, extraction, FTIR spectra, Intsia bijuga,

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 109

 E018

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) Chitosan-Based in The

Development of Electrochemical Sensor for The Detection of
4-Aminophenol
Ani Mulyasuryani1, a), Yuniar Ponco Prananto 1), Qonitah Fardiyah1) , Hanandayu
Widiastuti2) , Darjito1) .
1
Chemistry Department, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Kota Malang Indonesia
2
Pharmaceutical and Food Analysis Department, Health Polytechnic, Jl. Ijen, Kota
Malang, Indonesia
a
[email protected]

Abstract. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) have specific recognition

capabilities so that they have been widely used for the manufacture of electrochemical
sensors with high selectivity. In this research, an electrochemical sensor has been
developed for the detection of 4-aminophenol (4-AP) by modifying the screen
printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with chitosan-based MIP. MIP is made of 4-AP as a
template, a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) - chitosan (CH) as a base polymer and
glutaraldehyde and sodium tripolyphosphate as crosslinkers. MIP characterization
was based on membrane surface morphology, FT-IR spectrum and electrochemical
properties of the modified SPCE. The results showed that MIP was able to selectively
accumulate analytes on the electrode surface, MIP with glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker
was able to increase the signal. Under optimum conditions, the anodic peak current
from the sensor increases linearly with the concentration of 4-AP in the range from
0.5∼35 M with a detection limit (S/N = 3) of 2 M. In addition, the developed sensor
exhibits high selectivity with an accuracy of 94.11%.
Keywords : 4-Aminophenol, chitosan, glutaraldehyde, sodium tripolyphosphate,
polyvinyl alcohol

110 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 E019

Effect of number of template and pH on the voltammetry

determination of paracetamol using starch/PVA modified carbon
electrode
Hanandayu Widwiastuti1,2* Ani Mulyasuryani2, Ulfa Andayani2, Barlah Rumhayati2
1
Polytechnic of Health Malang, Jl. Besar Ijen 77C Malang 65119, Indonesia
2
Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

Paracetamol is one of the most widely used fever and pain relievers and its consumption
reaches thousands of tons per year. However, this drug is known to have been used
illegally and not according to its function. BPOM (The Indonesian Food and Drug
Authority) identified that paracetamol was found in packaged coffee drinks. Several
methods have been used to determine paracetamol, including spectrophotometry,
colorimetry, LC, and HPLC. However, these methods require procedures that are
quite complicated and require time, so an easy and fast analysis method is needed.
Therefore, in this study, electrochemical detection of paracetamol will be carried out.
This method was chosen because it is easy to use, high sensitivity, and the analysis takes
a short time. To increase the sensitivity and selectivity, the electrode was modified
using paracetamol - starch/PVA membrane. The sensitivity of the measurement can
be improved by modifying the working electrode, by adding a selective membrane
composed of polymers, crosslinkers, and templates. By adding paracetamol template,
it is expected to improve the electrode selectivity. The purpose of this study was to
determine the effect of template membrane composition and pH on paracetamol
measurement. The effect of both parameters was analyzed on 500 µM paracetamol in
phosphate buffer (PBS). The potential applied was 0 – 1.0 V at scan rate of 2.5 mV/s.
The results showed that the best starch/PVA membrane composition is PC-6 using
0.03 g paracetamol as a template and STPP as crosslinker. The highest peak current
of measurement was obtained in pH 8 (219 µA) and the peak current decreased in
alkaline pH solution.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 111

 E020

Preparation of Chitosan-Succinate Hydrogel as Soil Conditioner

for Soybean Plant (Glycine max L merril)
Halimahtussaddiyah Ritonga, L.O.A.N. Ramadhan, Zainal Rahmad Syah
1
Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. HEA Mokodompit Kendari 93231, Indonesia
* email: [email protected]

Research on making chitosan hydrogel crosslinked with succinic acid as soil

conditioner for soybean (Glycine max L.) plants was successfully conducted. The aims
of study are determine the characteristics and effect of composition comparisons in
producing hydrogels and to determine the physicochemical properties of soil such as
humidity, temperature, pH, absorbed potassium levels, C-organic content and cation
exchange capacity. Functional group characterization and morphology were carried
out using FTIR and SEM. FTIR analysis showed the presence of functional groups,
OH, CH3, COOH, NH2, and C=O. SEM analysis shows the hydrogel surface in each
composition and concentration of chitosan-succinate of different pore or cavity sizes
thus influences the degree of swelling and crosslinking degree. The application of
chitosan-succinate hydrogel for the improvement of soybean plants with a composition
of 2 g chitosan crosslinked succinic acid 0.4% have a significant impact after 72th day
of plantation. Soil pH values ​​between 7.1-7.4, humidity of 39%, soil temperature in
the range of 26-29oC, absorbed potassium levels of 23,29 ppm, soil organic content
of 4.37%, and cation exchange capacity of 22,03 meq/100g. In addition, the effect of
the use of hydrogels on soybean plants reveal high, maximum number of leaves and
fruit measuring after 72 days, 126 cm, 34 strands and 28 pieces. The results showed
that the hydrogel synthesized by chitosan and succinic acid has the potential as soil
conditioner.
Keywords: Chitosan, hydrogel, physicochemical properties, soil conditioner, succinic
acid.

112 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 E022

Chemical Compound and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of

Pogostemon cablin Collected from Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Dina Lestari1, Wahyuni Hakim1, Firah Rahmadani1, Laili Cahyani Sabila1, Wa Rita1,
Harni Sartika Kamaruddin1, Retno Wahyuningrum1, Gaby Nanda Kharisma1, Agung
Wibawa Mahatva Yodha2, Tien3, Carla Wulandari Sabandar1*
1
Universitas Sembilanbelas November Kolaka, Kolaka, Indonesia
2
Politeknik Bina Husada Kendari, Kendari, Indonesia
3
Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. belongs to the Lamiaceae family. The plant is widely
distributed in South and South-East Asia countries, including Indonesia. It is a main
source of essential “patchouli” oil that is primary used in cosmetics industry, especially
parfumery. Hence, several countries have been cultivated the plant for its fragrant
leaves that accumulated the oil. In Indonesia, P. cablin is cultivated in more than
ten regions, including Southeast Sulawesi. According to the Ministry of Agriculture
Republic Indonesia annual report, the production of patchouli oil from Southeast
Sulawesi is significantly increased and ranked 1st in 2021. However, reports on its
quality and chemical composition have yet fully investigated, requiring more research.
The present study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of patchouli oil
collected from three districts of Southeast Sulawesi that are Kolaka, North Kolaka, and
East Kolaka using GC-MS analysis. The study also evaluated the antimicrobial activity
of the oil against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans using
agar well diffusion method. As many as 27 compounds were successfully identified
from the oils. Of these, patchouli alcohol (51.28 to 26.12%), δ-guaiene (15.46 to
9.67%), α-guaiene (16.67 to 7.49%), and seychellene (9.34 to 5.66%) were found as
major compounds. The oils also exhibited antimicrobial activity against S. aureus with
inhibition zones of 11.25 to 14.47 mm at concentrations ranging from 25 to 100%. The
activity was compared to chloramphenicol as the positive control with inhibition zone
of 11.25 to 15.13 mm at concentration ranging 100%. The oil obttaine by Dean-Stark
showed antimicrobial activity against E. coli and C. albicans with inhibition zones of
10 t0 4.50% as compared to chloramphenicol (10.75 to 12.24)

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 113

 E023

Textile wastewater treatment using polypyrrole membranes with

the basic component of polyphenol oxidase from white oyster
mushroom
Murniati1*, B. Buchari2, S. Gandasasmita2, Z. Nurachman2, N.A. Fajriana1,
G.A. Nugraha1, R.M. Ibrahim1, A. Hardian1, S. Budiman1
1
Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Jl. Terusan Jenderal Sudirman, Cimahi, Indonesia
2
Institut Teknologi NBandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia
*
E-mail : *[email protected]

In this research, polypyrrole (PPy) membranes have been synthesized with polyphenol
oxidase (PPO) as the base materials isolated from white oyster mushroom, as a
biocatalyst in the processing of textile wastewater. PPy membranes were synthesized
by electropolymerization of Pyrrole (Py) with the electrodeposition method (the
composition of 0.05 M Py and crude PPO white oyster mushroom extract of 35% (v/v)
in citrate buffer pH = 7). The electrolysis was carried out with a potential = 6 V; current
= 1.063-1.142 A; the amount of immobilized PPO in the PPy = 16.57 - 48.97 %, and the
PPO activity of 1,640 - 4,160 U; 0.35 mM phenol as a substrate. Membrane application
to textile wastewater with discontinuous flow rate (decrease in pH = 14.86%; phenol =
6.80%; COD = 10.80%; BOD and TSS = 2:00% = 20.65%) and the use of membranes
with a continuous flow rate (decrease in pH = 23.97%; phenol = 26.09%; COD =
11.54%; BOD = 2.46%; and TSS = 65.65%). The physical performance of membrane
application to textile wastewater was studied with discontinuous flow rates obtained
(flow rate = 48.19 - 51.50 L/h, flux = 3191.6 - 3387.5 L.m-2.h-1 and permeability =
319.2 - 338.7) and a continuous flow rate was obtained (flow rate = 48.19 L/h, flux =
3191.6 Lm-2.h-1 and permeability = 319.2 Lm-2.h-1.bar). Scanning Electron Microscopy
(SEM) image shows the morphology of the membrane film of PPy/PPO white oyster
mushroom extract that has been studied in the use of membranes before and after
application of textile wastewater.
Keywords: white oyster musroom, membrane, PPy/PPO, textile wastewater

114 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 E024

Formaldehyde electrochemical sensor using Chitosan-

Glutaraldehyde/ZnO-Nanoparticles Electrode
Anceu Murniati1*, Ashary Fathul 1, Teuku Brany Dewan Akbar1, Esti1, Restu M Ibrahim1,
Intan1, Arie Hardian1, Senadi Budiman, Buchari Buchari2, Suryo Gandasasmita2, Zeily
Nurachman3
1
Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Jl. Terusan Jenderal Sudirman, Cimahi, Indonesia
2
Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No. 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

It is necessary to develop sensitive, selective, and accurate analytical sensor technology

for the determination of formaldehyde because formaldehyde is very dangerous to
health. The use of formaldehyde as food preservatives has long been prohibited by
the government, but there are still some sellers using formaldehyde. In this research,
we studied the use of glassy carbon electrodes and copper electrodes coated with
chitosan-ZnO nanoparticles crosslinked with glutaraldehyde for the application
of formaldehyde biosensors in food. Chitosan is a biodegradable natural polymer
and the addition of ZnO nanoparticles to the chitosan-glutaraldehyde modification
is expected to increase the stability and sensitivity of the working electrode as a
formaldehyde biosensor with the cyclic voltammetry method. The profile of the cyclic
voltammogram of the standard formaldehyde solution (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mg/L) showed a
typical pattern using a glassy carbon electrode and a chitosan-ZnO/glutaraldehyde
electrode with a scan rate of 25 mV/s, 50 mV/ s, 75 mV/s, and 100 mV/s. The results of
the analysis the samples of wet noodles have been achieved at a scan-rate of 100 mV/s
and potential range -1000 to 1000 mV obtained formaldehyde concentrations in the
range of 1-5 mg/L.
Keywords: sensor, formaldehyde, chitosan-glutaraldehid/ZnO nanoparticles,
voltammogram

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 115

 Abstracts
Parallel Session E

116 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 F001

Nano Silica from North Rupat Beach Sand

Roza Linda*, Abdullah, Afrianto, Rezki Fabilla Dandulana
FKIP, Universitas Riau, Indonesia
email: [email protected]

The synthesis of silica nanoparticles has been successfully carried out using the
coprecipitation method from North Rupat beach sand. North Rupat Beach sand was
taken from three different locations, namely Pesona Beach, Beting Aceh Beach and
Lapin Beach. Silica nanoparticles were synthesized using the coprecipitation method,
where the sand was reacted with 7M NaOH. The solution that passes the filter is then
added with 37% HCl dropwise until pH 6-7 and a white silica precipitate is formed
(pH 1-2). The nanosilica obtained from the Pesona Beach sand sample is very fine with
a brown color, identical to the color of the sand. The nanosilica obtained from the sand
sample of Pantai Beting Aceh is very fine, with a whiter and more lustrous color. The
nanosilica from the Lapin Beach sand sample is also very fine with a gray color but
brighter than the initial color of the sample. The XRD result show that the nanosilica
which were synthesized from Beting Aceh Beach has a crystalline phase (anhortic),
the nanosilica from Lapin Beach has crystalline phase (cubic), and the nanosilica from
Pesona Beach has crystalline phase (cubic).
Keywords: silica, nanosilica, sand, coprecipitation.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 117

 F002

Doping TiO2 with Cr and Cu elements from electroplating

wastewater for improvement the photocatalyst activity under
visible light
Endang Tri Wahyuni*1, Sulistyaning Budi1 , Dea Aurella1, Rizky Aprillia Widianti1, and
Suherman Suherman1
1
Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta 55284, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

This paper focuses on the study on the electroplating wastewater utilization as the
source of Cr and Cu dopants for improving TiO2 activity under visible light. The doping
was performed by using sol-gel method by interacting titania tetra iso-propoxide
(TTiP) with the Cr and Cu containing wastewater with various concentration of Cr
and Cu obtained by diluting the wastewater. The doped TiO2 photocatalysts were
characterized by means of FTIR, XRD, SRUV/Visible, and TEM machines. The effect
of the doping on the activity of TiO2 in the presence of visible irradiation was evaluated
through the degradation of anionic surfactant of linier alkyl benzene sulphonate (LAS)
in the laundry wastewater. The results of the research reveal that the electroplating
wastewater contains of Cr and Cu about 2000 mg/L and 20 mg/L respectively. The Cr
and Cu in the wastewater have been successfully doped into TiO2 structure that can
reduce the gap energy of TiO2 entering into visible region. The most effective narrowing
gap is shown by TiO2-Cr/Cu with Cr and Cu loaded as much 20 and 0.2 % respectively.
It is also found that the doping Cr and Cu into TiO2 has improved significantly the
activity under visible light in the LAS degradation. and the highest enhancement is
resulted by the doped photocatalyst of TiO2-Cr/Cu (20/0.2). Furthermore, the highest
photodegradation of LAS having 100 mg/L in 50 mL can be achieved by applying
TiO2-Cr/Cu (20/0.2) photocatalyst, pH 5, 60 mg of photocatalyst mass, and 60 minutes
of the reaction time, that is about 60 %. It obviously inferred that the electroplating
wastewater can be utilized to prepare a more valuable material.
Keywords: electroplating wastewater, doping, Cr and Cu, TiO2, visible light, linier
alkyl benzene sulphonate, photodegradation.

118 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 F003

The Effect of Sulfur Concentrations as a Dopant on TiO2/Fe3O4

Photocatalytic Efficiency for Cr(VI) Ions Reduction
Eko Sri Kunarti*, Adinda Dwi Ayu, Dewi Agustiningsih, Sutarno
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

The Fe3O4/TiO2-S composite was successfully synthesized and applied as a magnetic

photocatalyst for the reduction of Cr(VI) ions under visible light. The synthesis of
Fe3O4/TiO2-S photocatalyst material was carried out in two successive steps. First
was the synthesis of Fe3O4 through the sono-precipitation method, and the second
one was TiO2-S coated on Fe3O4 material using the sol-gel method. Various sulfur
concentrations of 1, 3, 5, and 7% were designed to study the effect of sulfur existence
on the photocatalytic activity of the material. The formation of Fe3O4 and TiO2 was
confirmed by the diffraction patterns obtained from the XRD analysis. Meanwhile, the
TEM image showed that the photocatalyst had a spherical form. It is revealed from the
SR UV-Vis analysis results that Fe3O4/TiO2-S materials with varying concentrations of
sulfur, 1, 3, 5, and 7% were responsive to visible light. According to the photocatalytic
activity results, the Fe3O4/TiO2-S 5% achieved the best performance in reducing Cr(VI)
by up to 98.38% and 66.75% under visible and UV light irradiation, respectively.
Keywords: Cr(VI), Fe3O4/TiO2-S, magnetic photocatalyst, reduction, sulfur

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 119

 F004

Biocellulose antibacterial membrane as a mask filter material to

protect against bacteria and viruses
Saiful1*, Fitti Nashura1, Sri Muliyani1, Febriani, Muliadi Ramli1, Muhamad Nasir2
1
Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
2
BRIN Loka Clean Technology Research Workshop, LIPI Campus Bandung 40135, Indonesia
* Correspondence Author: [email protected]

The antibacterial filtration membrane that has been developed in this study is an
alternative filtration membrane made from bio-cellulose to improve mask performance
and has antibacterial properties. In this study, cellulose was obtained from nata de
coco as the basic material for manufacturing filtration membranes. The membrane
filter was made using the phase inversion method. The antibacterial properties of
membrane masks were obtained by adding an antibacterial extract from red betel leaf
(piper crocatum), which contains active compounds as antibacterial. The filtration
membrane was characterized by mechanical properties, porosity, swelling degree,
membrane structure and for the performance of the aerosol filtration membrane as a
mask material and its antibacterial properties.
Keywords: filtration membrane, mask, antibacterial, bio-cellulose, nata de coco

120 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 F005

Adsorption of Cu(II), Mn(II), and Zn(II) on Chitosan Modified

Silica/Natural Magnetic Particles: Kinetic and Isotherm Approach
Desinta Dwi Ristiana1, a) , Dewanti Cahya Widi1, b), Dwita Pawestri Prabandari1, c), An
Nur Fajar1, d), Bambang Rusdiarso1, e), Eko Sri Kunarti1, f), Indriana Kartini1, g), Nuryono
Nuryono1, h)
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah
Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
h)
Corresponding author: [email protected]

The demand for water pollutant removal makes the necessity for a more efficient
adsorbent. Herein, a silica-coated natural magnetic particle (SiO2/NMP) was
modified with chitosan (Chi) for adsorption of Cu(II), Mn(II), and Zn(II). The NMP
was prepared from iron sand as a cheap and non-hazardous material for preparing
magnetic adsorbent. The adsorption factors were investigated, namely pH, time, and
concentration of metal ions. The evaluation was based on two kinetic mechanisms
(pseudo-first and pseudo-second order) and two adsorption isotherm models
(Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms). The correlation coefficients (R2) demonstrated
that all metal ions’ adsorption kinetics and isotherm on Chi/SiO2/NMP matched with
the pseudo-first order mechanism and Freundlich model, respectively.;:

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 121

 F006

Synthesis of NiCo MOF-74 on anodized nickel oxide porous as an

anode catalyst for urea/H2O2 fuel cell
Yulia Mariana Tesa Ayudia Putri1, Volkan Degirmenci2, Richard I. Walton3,
Jarnuzi Gunlazuardi1, Tribidasari A. Ivandini1*
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas
Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Jakarta 16-424, Indonesia
2
School of Engineering, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
3
Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
*
email: [email protected]

The need for electricity in Indonesia is increasing, therefore alternative energy sources
which is environmentally friendly, efficient, and have unlimited availability are desired.
Fuel cell is a device that can convert chemical energy into electrical energy with high
efficiency. Urea fuel cells are very interesting to be developed due to their abundant
sources, which could come from factory and animal or human wastes. Meanwhile,
nickel has been known as an effective catalyst for urea electro-oxidation reaction.
In this research, NiCo MOF-74 will be synthesized on the surface of porous NiO
film (p-NiO) using solvothermal method. Characterization by XRD and SEM-EDX
confirmed the presence of NiCo MOF-74 on the surface of p-NiO with an optimum
Ni:Co of 4:1 urea catalytic activity. The use of Ni4Co1 MOF-74/p-NiO as a catalyst
in the urea electro-oxidation process was then compared with Ni foil, p-NiO, and
Ni4Co1/p-NiO, and the highest current density value was obtained using Ni4Co1 MOF-
74/p-NiO. At an optimum concentration of 3 M KOH and 1 M urea, a current density
value of 110 mA cm-2 can be produced with the maximum power density of 4131 μW
cm-2. A good stability was also obtained in the 12 hours application of the developed
fuel cell with an average current density of 5700 μA cm-2.
Keywords: NiCo MOF-74, porous NiO, urea, fuel cell

122 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 F007

High Performance for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene

Blue Based on Pillared Clay S-TiO2
Muhammad Natsir1, Irwan Irwan2, Thamrin Azis1, Maulidiyah Maulidiyah1,
Muhammad Nurdin1*
1
Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. H.E.A. Mokodompit Kendari 93232, Indonesia
2
Institut Teknologi dan Kesehatan Avicenna, Kendari 93117, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

We investigated methylene blue adsorption capacity and photodegradation removal

efficiency using an S-TiO2@clay composite by irradiating a commercial Tungsten
halogen lamp in a reactor. The same experimental conditions were applied to clay and
pristine TiO2 as a reference. Morphology surface area, chemical bonding, and optical
properties of those samples were characterized by using FESEM, FTIR and UV-Vis
DRS tehcniques. The S-TiO2@clay composites showed a high surface area and an even
pore distribution compared to natural clays and pristine TiO2. The results indicate
that the composite was successfully pillared on natural clay. These results exhibit
that S-TiO2 composite pillared natural clay (S-TiO2@clay) presented better results in
the methylene blue dye adsorption-photodegradation process, with an adsorption
and degradation efficiency were 93.87% and 94.94%, respectively. While, the tests
performance in the absence of natural clay of the degradation efficiency was 88.46%.
In the other hand, the tests performed in the natural clay only for adsorption efficiency
was 86.41%. These results showed the evidence that the combination methods of
adsorption-photodegradation were very efficient in removing methylene blue dye.
Keywords: natural clay; S-TiO2 composite; methylene blue; adsorption-
photodegradation.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 123

 F008

Utilization of Fe-TiO2 as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel

production from coconut oil
Abdul Haris Watoni1, La Ode Muhammad Syawal1, Irwan Irwan2, Muhammad Nurdin1,
Maulidiyah Maulidiyah1*
1
Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. H.E.A. Mokodompit Kendari 93232, Indonesia
2
Institut Teknologi dan Kesehatan Avicenna, Kendari 93117, Indonesia
e*
[email protected]

The conversion of coconut oil into biodiesel has been conducted using the Fe-TiO2
heterogeneous catalyst via transesterification reaction. The heterogeneous catalyst
was prepared with the sol-gel method using TTIP as a TiO2 source and Fe(NO3)3
as a Fe source and calcined at a temperature of 500 ºC. The heterogeneous catalyst
was characterised by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
and Ultraviolet-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). Moreover,
the influences of reaction conditions on biodiesel yields were also studied. The
esterification reaction showed that the free fatty acid content decreased by 1.43% at
60 ºC. The biodiesel production results were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-
Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Biodiesel properties, such as density, viscosity, acid
number, water content, iodine number, saponification number and cetane number
were compared using the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM-6751).
The use of Fe-TiO2 heterogeneous catalyst is very promising to be a green catalyst in
biodiesel production reaction.
Keywords: Fe-TiO2; heterogeneous catalyst; coconut oil; biodiesel

124 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 F009

Photoanode Solar Cell utilizing Sulphur-TiO2 Nanocomposite with

Doctor Blade Coating Technique
Muh. Zakir Muzakkar1, La Ode Agus Salim2, Ahmad Zaeni1, Akrajaz Ali Umar 3,
Maulidiyah Maulidiyah1, Muhammad Nurdin1*
1
Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari 93232, Indonesia
2
Institut of Science Technology and Health (ISTEK) ‘Aisyiyah Kendari, Indonesia
3
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
*
email: [email protected]

TiO2 -sulphur nanocomposites have been prepared and used as a photoanode Dye-
Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC). The effect of sulphur precursor levels using variations
in the concentration of thiourea on the structural and optical properties of the
sample has been investigated. The preparation of photoanode using doctor blade
method. The photoanode was characterised by Field Emission Scanning Electron
Microscopy (FESEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Ultraviolet-Visible Diffuse
Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). The surface morphology of TiO2 -sulphur
nanocomposite shows a good porous structure, fully and tight. Photoanode with the
addition of 1.0 M thiourea doping has the highest reflexes and absorption in the visible
light region. TiO2 -sulphur nanocomposites produces an energy gap of 2.8 eV. A typical
lattice plane indicates the anatase TiO2 phases present in nanocomposites. The effect
of sulphur precursor concentration on device performance parameters has also been
investigated. DSSC which uses a concentration of thiourea 0.5 M samples, showed the
highest power conversion efficiency, of 1.34%. Increased efficiency comes from better
charge injection of the N719 dye into the TiO2-sulphur photoanode.
Keywords: photoanode, nanocomposite, sulphur, TiO2, DSSC.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 125

 F010

8-hydroxyquinoline modified coal bottom ash-silica sand as an

adsorbent for methyl violet 2B dye
Nurul Hidayat Aprilita, Agatha Natalia Kristiana, Taufik Abdillah Natsir
Department of Chemistry, FMIPA, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

8-hydroxyquinoline modified coal bottom ash-silica sand as an adsorbent for

methyl violet 2B dye has been conducted. This study includes of activation of coal
bottom ash using HCl (ADPSA) and modification of activated coal bottom ash using
8-hydroxyquinoline (ADPSM). The characterization of the adsorbent was conducted
using XRF, FTIR, and XRD. The study parameters that affect the adsorption process
include the mass of the adsorbent, contact time, initial concentration of dye, and the
pH of the solution. The adsorption and desorption of adsorbent on methyl violet
2B was analyzed using UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Desorption studies includes
various desorption solutions such as distilled water, HCl pH 3, HCl pH 4, NaCl 0.1 M,
and NaCl 1 M. The characterization results show that the activation and modification
of coal bottom ash has been successfully prepared. The adsorption of the cationic dye
methyl violet reached the optimum condition at pH 7 for ADPSA and ADPSM. The
optimum mass for ADPSA is 1 gram with a contact time of 30 minutes, while the
optimum mass for ADPSM is 0.5 grams with a contact time of 10 minutes. Adsorption
kinetics of cationic dye methyl violet 2B with ADPSA and ADPSM follows a pseudo-
second order (Ho and McKay) with rate constants of 2.13 and 2.21 g mg-1 min-1, and
the adsorption isotherms for ADPSA and ADPSM followed Langmuir isotherm with
adsorption maximum capacity were 6.06 and 12.94 mg g-1, respectively. The adsorption
energies for ADPSA and ADPSM were 31.32 and 32.95 kJ mol-1, respectively. The most
effective desorption study is using HCl pH 3 as a desorption solution for methyl violet
2B dye.
Keywords: adsorption, bottom ash, hydroxyquinoline, methyl violet 2B.

126 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 F011

Synthesis and characterization of TiO2@Carbon dots

nanocomposites using electrolysis potential variation
Zul Arham, Muhammad Nurdin*, Andi Khaeruni R, Muhammad Natsir
Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari 93232, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

In this study, the synthesis and characterization of TiO2@Carbon dots (TiO2@CQDs)

nanocomposites was carried out. The synthesis of nanocomposites begins with the
preparation of CQDs through the oxidation process of Carbon rod electrodes in
NaOH/Ethanol electrolyte solution. The synthesis process is carried out by varying
the oxidation potential. The obtained CQDs were incorporated on the surface of
TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) through continuous stirring at room temperature
followed by heating at a constant temperature of 140oC for 4 hours. To determine the
effect of potential variations of CQDs on the characteristics of nanocomposites, we
used Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier
Transform InfraRed (FTIR). Based on SEM characterization, potential variations of
CQDs did not affect or change the surface morphology of TiO2NPs. TiO2NPs have a
characteristic surface morphology which is composed of spherical particles of uniform
size. However, XRD and FTIR characterization showed that the potential variation of
CQDs caused a 2 theta angle shift and TiO2NPs wavenumber in the fingerprint region.
Potential variations of CQDs caused the average particle diameter of TiO2NPs to
increase from 37.32 nm to 42.89 nm, 45.12 nm, and 49.01 nm for oxidation potentials
of 10 V, 15, and 20 V, respectively. These results can be a new reference to various
applications of TiO2@CQDs in the field of technology, including its application as a
voltammetric sensor electrode modifier.
Keywords: TiO2@CQDs; TiO2NPs; CQDs; variasi potensial oksidasi.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 127

 F012

Preparation of graphene/MnO2-modified nickel foam for

supercapacitors
Afiten Rahmin Sanjaya1, Munawar Khalil1, Yasuaki Einaga2, Tribidasari A. Ivandini1*
1
Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok 16424, Indonesia
2
Keio University, Hiyoshi 3 14 1, Yokohama 223 8522, Japan
*)
email: [email protected]

The preparation of nickel foam composites modified with manganese oxide-

graphene has been successfully carried out. Characterization using SEM-EDX showed
morphology in the form of white spots and the formation of a layer in the form of
a sheet covering the nickel foam framework indicating the presence of manganese
oxide and graphene. Meanwhile, the characterization using Raman spectroscopy
showed that there was a peak indicating the D band and G band with the ID/IG ratio
of 0.91, which determine the structure of graphene. The composites were then used
to develop supercapacitors with different electrolyte system with the high capacitance
performance. The electrochemical test using the cyclic voltammetry technique
showed the highest specific capacitance value for MnO2/graphene/Ni foam, which was
1117.32 F.g-1. A similar result was conducted using the galvanostatic charge-discharge
technique shows that the best capacitance performance is on MnO2/graphene/Ni
foam at a given current of 2 mA, with an energy density of 27.5 Wh.kg-1 and a power
density of 4500 W/kg. Impedance value of MnO2/graphene/Ni foam is 1460 Ω higher
than another variation electrode, where the impedance value was calculated from the
charge transfer resistance of the material that linear with the capability of composite to
stored the electron on the their electrode system. So, we can conclude that the MnO2/
graphene/Ni foam provide good stability and highest capacitance compared to the
other electrode.
Keywords: supercapacitor, nickel foam, graphene, manganese dioxide.

128 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 F013

Electrocatalytical Performance of Graphene Modified Sulphur-TiO2

Nanocomposite for Determination Formaldehyde Compound
Muhammad Nurdin1*, Wd. Syafitri Salsabilla2, Suryani Dyah Astuti2, Maulidiyah
Maulidiyah1, La Ode Agus Salim3
1
Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari 93232, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
2
Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
3
Institute of Science Technology and Health (ISTEK) ‘Aisyiyah Kendari, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

The unique study of TiO2-sulphur modified graphene nanocomposite (Gr/TiO2-S)

has been developed for electrochemical sensors that detect formaldehyde compound.
We developed TiO2-sulphur which was easily synthesized by hydrothermal method
and modified in graphene nanocomposite applying electrochemical system as cyclic
voltammetry (CV). The TiO2-S nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray Diffraction
(XRD), while the Gr/TiO2-S was characterised by Field Emission Scanning Electron
Microscopy (FESEM), X-Ray Fluorosense (XRF). TiO2-S has a smaller crystal size
of 19.32 nm. The surface morphology of the TiO2-S nanocomposite shows a good,
intact and tightly porous structure that covers the graphene surface. The content of
Gr/TiO2-S electrodes was 41.5% of graphene, 37.8% of TiO2, and 12.4% of sulphur. We
found that the optimal mass of TiO2-S used was 1 g compared to 0.5 g graphene and
0.3 mL paraffin. It has a high anodic current (Ipa) of 800 A and a high cathodic current
(Ipc) of -600 A in a scan rate of 0.1 V/s. Gr/TiO2-Sulphur electrode is expected to detect
formaldehyde in future field applications.
Keywords: electroanalytical, graphene, TiO2, sulphur, formaldehyde.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 129

 F014

Potential of nanosuspension based on TiO2/carbon as the

antifungal agent of Phytophthora palmivora of cocoa fruit rot
Icheu Dini Widia Sari, Mardhatillah, Herdianto Nurlang, Muhammad Nurdin*
Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. H.E.A. Mokodompit Kendari 93232, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) is known as an antimicrobial compound that is

environmentally friendly. TiO2 is able to work more effectively when given the
addition of dopants, one of which is nanocarbon. This compound can be used as an
active ingredient of alternative antifungal compounds against Phytophthora palmivora
fungi that attack cocoa pods. This study aim was to determine the effectiveness of the
performance of TiO2-C as an antifungal P. palmivora and the characteristics of the
TiO2-C nanospray product. This research method combines sol-gel, hydrothermal,
and sonication techniques to obtain TiO2-C nanosprays, then continued the antifungal
activity test by solid dilution method. Product characteristics was obtained by FTIR
analysis. The FTIR characteristic was indicated the presence of an O-H functional
group and a C-O group for TiO2-C. The success of the product was observed from the
antifungal test results by measuring the activity under UV and without UV light. The
effectiveness of TiO2-C nanospray successfully inhibited the growth of P. palmivora
fungus at a concentration of 0.3% with inhibitory activity of UV light and without UV
light were obtined 99% and 72%, respectively.
Keywords: Phytophthora palmivora, TiO2-C, sol-gel, FTIR, UV light.

130 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 F015

Mechanical and antibacterial property improvement of mineral

trioxide aggregate by adding CuO nanoparticles
Safira Vanisa, Selma Wulandari, Bambang Rusdiarso, Nuryono Nuryono*
Universitas Gadjah Mada , Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a common biomaterial used for endodontic

treatment. However, this material does not have antibacterial activity, and the addition
of an antibacterial agent is necessary. In this research, CuO nanoparticles (CuONP)
have been added to MTA to improve the compressive strength and antibacterial
activity. CuO nanoparticles were synthesized by mixing 25 mL CuSO4.5H2O 0.5 M and
Na2CO3 0.5 M at volume variations (15, 25, and 42 mL), sonicating the mixture at a
temperature of 60 ºC for 2 hours, and calcining at a temperature of 600 ºC for 4 hours.
MTA/CuO material was made by mixing MTA and CuO nanoparticles at variations
in weight percentage (1, 2, and 3%). CuO nanoparticles, MTA, and MTA/CuO
were characterized with Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), X-Ray Diffractometer
(XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX).
The compressive strength and antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus
and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were also tested. The results showed that CuONP was
successfully synthesized with an average particle size of 21.94 nm. Adding CuONP 2%
to MTA improved its compressive strength of 12.03±0.44 MPa. In addition, the presence
of CuONP in the MTA gave the antibacterial property of S. aureus with an inhibition
zone value of 6.69±0.67 mm for MTA/CuO-2 and 6.77±0.31 mm for MTA added with
3% of CuONP. However, adding CuONP did not increase significant antibacterial
activity against P. Aeruginosa. Adding CuONP 3% increased the inhibition zone from
5.50±00 to 7.04±0.39 mm. The findings indicated that MTA modified with CuONP
can potentially be applied for endodontic treatment even though further investigation
is still necessary to test the biocompatibility and cytotoxicity.
Keywords: antibacterial, CuO nanoparticles, compressive strength, mineral trioxide
aggregate.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 131

 F016

Syntesis and Characteristic of TiO2/Ti Electrode Doped Sulfur (S)

Calchogenic Material
Muh. Zakir Muzakkar1*, N. A. W. Kuen2, Irwan1, Maulidiyah1, A. Umar1, Ratna1,
Muhammad Nurdin1
1
Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. HEA Mokodompit Kendari 93231, Indonesia
2
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
*
email: [email protected]

TiO2/Ti and sulphur doped TiO2/Ti (S-TiO2/Ti) electrodes with the anodizing method
were successfully synthesized. The main objective of this study was to synthesize
the TiO2/Ti and S-TiO2/Ti composites and to compare the performance of the two
electrodes against methyl orange degradation. The sulfur (S) doping process on
TiO2/Ti was carried out by the dip-coating method and H2SO4 as a source of sulfur.
XRD analysis of TiO2/Ti electrodes showed the anatase TiO2 peak, EDX data gives
information that the amount of doped sulfur on the surface of TiO2/Ti is S = 5.11%
which was marked an energy peak of 0.2 keV; 2.35 keV and 2.49 keV. The results of
FTIR characterization showed S-O functional groups at wavenumbers 1153 cm-1 and
1116 cm-1 and Ti-O at 1039 cm-1. SEM shows the surface of the TiO2/Ti electrodes in
the form of nanotubes while the S-TiO2/Ti electrodes show a smooth but broken Sulfur
surface. The light current response test using LSV showed that the TiO2/Ti electrodes
have better activity in UV light than in visible light, while for S-TiO2/Ti electrode has
a better activity in visible light than in UV light.

132 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 F017

Photocatalytic Inactivation of Pathogenic Microorganisms using

Nanospray TiO2 Incorporation Silver Dioxide
Maulidiyah Maulidiyah*, Thamrin Azis, Nur Illiyyin Akib, Muhammad Nurdin
Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. H.E.A. Mokodompit Kendari 93232, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

Phytophthora palmivora fungi that cause rot disease in fruit, stem cancer and leaf blight
in cocoa plants can be prevented using TiO2 nanoparticles with Ag dopants which are
synthesized using the sol-gel method. The purpose of this study was to determine the
characteristics of the results synthesis of TiO2-Ag nanoparticles by the sol-gel method
and the performance TiO2-Ag nanoparticles as antifungal P. palmivora on cocoa
plants. The stages of the research include synthesis of TiO2-Ag sol-gel, characterization
of TiO2-Ag using UV-Vis DRS and SEM-EDX, and antifungal activity test. The results
showed that TiO2 with Ag doping can reduce band gap energy (Eg) from 3.2 eV to 2.8
eV. Eg reduction can help activate the performance of TiO2 in visible light, so it can
be used as an antifungal P. palmivora. TiO2-Ag nanoparticles have been able to inhibit
P. palmivora fungus at a concentration of 1% to 4%, while at a concentration of 5%
P. palmivora fungus has not grown anymore or it can be said that TiO2-Ag has 100%
inhibitory power.
Keywords: antifungal, P. palmivora, sol-gel method, TiO2-Ag.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 133

 F018

Gallic acid-assisted synthesis of novel ZrO2 nanoparticle and its

properties
Dwi Febriantini12, Usman2, Yoki Yulizar1*
1
Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia
2
Research & Technology Innovation, PT Pertamina (Persero), Jakarta, 13920, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

Zirconium oxide (zirconia, ZrO2) is one of the most widely used ceramic materials
because of its remarkable electrical, thermal, optical and mechanical stability. Due to the
effectiveness and application of zirconia nanoparticles in various industries, demand
for this nanoparticle continues to increase over time. Nanoparticle synthesis methods
generally required large costs and showed negative impact on the environment. In
addition, energy consumption during the production of nanomaterials must be
controlled to maintain production cost efficiency, so that the nanomaterials produced
are feasible to be commercialized. This has led to the development of simpler
nanoparticle synthesis methods. Biomass of bacteria, fungi and algae, as well as plant
extracts are the main precursors in the green synthesis of nanoparticles. The use of
plant extracts is the simplest and most effective method, because it is easy to obtain in
abundance, requires lower costs, and is safer to handle and to the environment. The
purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of ZrO2 synthesized using
gallic acid as bio-reductor. Gallic acid is a phenolic compound and has been proven
to be used in green synthesis of nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were
subjected to various characterization techniques using UV–Visible spectrophotometer,
FTIR Spectroscopy, SEM with EDAX and X-ray diffraction analysis.
Keywords: gallic acid, green synthesis, nanoparticle, ZrO2, zirconia.

134 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 F019

Effectiveness of ZnO-PILC as a heterogen catalyst for alpha-

toceferol synthesis
Ida Ayu Gede Widihati

The catalytic activity of clays is generally not very high. Therefore, the clay must
be modified before use. One way to modify clays is by pilarization. Synthesis and
characterization of ZnO pillared clay (ZnO-PILC) and its use in the manufacture
of vitamin E have been successfully carried out. This study aims to determine the
physical and chemical properties of ZnO-PILC, the effect of ZnO scavenging on the
catalytic activity of clay, and the total tocopherol content of vitamin E produced. The
catalyst is prepared first and then intercalated with ZnO which is expected to form a
pillar. The synthesized ZnO-PILC was characterized using X-Ray Diffraction, SEM-
EDS, FTIR, surface area using the Methylene Blue adsorption method and surface
acid sites using the acid-base titration method. The characterization results showed
that the screening did not increase the distance between layers, the catalyst surface
became more homogeneous and there was an increase in the number of Zn elements,
the appearance of absorption bands that identified the functional group characteristics
of ZnO-PILC, the surface area and the acid site respectively 46,357 m2/g and 5,887 x
1022 sites/g. The catalyst application showed that the catalytic activity of ZnO-PILC
resulted in a total tocopherol content of 36%.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 135

 F020

Synthesis and characterization of sulfonated poly ether sulfone/

chitosan membranes as creatinine transport
Retno Ariadi Lusiana*1, Gunawan1, Rahmad Nuryanto1, Nailul Muna1, Nanik Wijayati2
1 Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
2 UNNES, Semarang, Indonesia
email: [email protected]

The most important part in hemodialysis equipment is a membrane that must be

able to remove metabolic wastes such as urea and creatinine out of the blood. In
carrying out its functions, the membrane must be strong, hydrophilic, have an active
site that recognizes target species, is permeable, and has a high flux against urea and
creatinine species. To meet these requirements, a capable membrane constituent
material is needed. In this study, a series of membranes made from poly ether sulfone
(PES) were made modified with sulfuric acid and chitosan. PES is a strong synthetic
polymer, resistant to various pH conditions, but is not hydrophilic and does not have
an active site. On the other hand, chitosan has an active site that is very capable of
functioning as an active site for identifying target species. With the ability to form
medium strength hydrogen bonds, chitosan is able to bind urea and creatinine to be
separated from other species in the dialysis process. The reaction barrier between PES
and chitosan is bridged by the PES sulfonation process and the formation of LiCl-
chitosan intermediate compounds. Five types of membranes have been made, namely:
PES, sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES), sulfonated polyethersulfone/chitosan-LiCl
(SPES/CS-LiCl, variation 5:1.5; 5:2 (v/v)). The success of the reaction between PES-
chitosan can be seen from the FTIR spectra, with the appearance of absorption at 1650
cm-1 which indicates the primary amine group in chitosan changes to secondary as a
result of reaction with PES and the appearance of -OH absorption in the 3384 cm-1
region, which is a spectra specifically chitosan. Specific PES spectra were seen in the
1148 cm-1 region which showed symmetrical stretching of the –C-SO2-C- group, the
–C-O-C ether group stretching in the 1237 cm-1 region, and absorption in the 1580 cm-1
region which indicated the aromatic C=C group. benzene. Based on physicochemical
characterization, modification of PES either through sulfonation reaction or reaction
with chitosan can increase porosity, expandability, water absorption, hydrophilicity
up to 2x from the initial value. The ability to transport creatinine increases by 15-35%
from the initial value.
Keywords: poly ether sulfone; sulfonation; chitosan; transport; creatinine.

136 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

Abstracts
Parallel Session F

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 137

 J005

Transformative learning approach using think pair share

(TPS) learning model to empower students’ collaboration and
communication skills in buffer solution
Sulistyo Saputro1, Suryadi Budi Utomo2, Sri Yamtinah2, Isna Nurmilatul Azizah2,
Sarwanto3
Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia

The younger generation needs to be equipped with 21st century skills that are used to
meet qualifications that are in accordance with the changing times and today’s society.
Collaboration and communication are two of the four 21st century skills that are very
important in life long learning, so these skills need to be empowered in students.
Therefore, this research aims to empower the collaboration and communication skills of
students on the Buffer Solution material through the Social Emotional Learning (SEL)
approach with the Think Pair Share (TPS) learning model. This study is a qualitative
research with sampling technique using purposive sampling technique. The research
was conducted in class XI MIPA 4 of MAN 1 Surakarta with 34 students. Data collection
techniques used include observation, student reflective journals, Constructivist
Chemistry Values ​​ Learning Environment Survey (CCVLES) questionnaires, and
student interviews. It was found that the Social Emotional Learning (SEL) approach
with the Think Pair Share (TPS) learning model on the buffer solution material could
be used to empower students’ collaboration and communication skills. In the learning
process with the Pairing stage students are given the opportunity to collaborate with
the team in finding solutions to the problems that have been given. Then the learning
process continues with the Share stage where students are carried out by debating in
conveying and defending opinions. Collaboration skills can be seen from students being
able to work together in groups effectively, adapting to group members, deliberation in
making decisions, taking responsibility for joint work, and negotiating differences of
opinion in solving problems. Meanwhile, students’ communication skills can be seen
from students being able to express opinions according to the problems discussed,
being active in answering questions, asking if there is something that has not been
understood, and always listening well when other people express opinions.
Keywords: social emotional learning, think pair share, collaboration skills,
communication skills, buffer solution.

138 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 J002

Analysis of learning objectives flow in chemistry class X

Kurikulum Merdeka to achieve scientific literacy on green
chemistry in sustainable development
Elsa Sriwahyuni*1,2, Jaslin Ikhsan2, Indyah Sulistyo Arty2
1
Universitas Khairun, Ternate, Maluku Utara, Indonesia
2
Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

Every curriculum change is ideally welcomed by teachers in implementing it, because

it gives more autonomy to teachers in formulating the flow and direction of learning
objectives. To arrange the learning objectives flow and teaching materials, the teacher
must be guided by several basic documents such as learning outcomes in Kurikulum
Merdeka, and content standards of SNP, while also considering the stages of student
cognitive development and the level of difficulty of teaching materials, so the teacher
can choose the appropriate materials contained in textbooks. However, the reality is
the teacher only guides existing textbooks without first analyzing the documents that
are the basis for consideration in the preparation of the learning objectives flow. As a
result, there are teaching materials that are ideally learned after understanding some
of the previous concepts, given at the beginning of learning. Thus cognitive abilities
that can be achieved only at the first level, remembering. This is because in the material
there are terms that are not well understood by students because they have not been
studied before. This qualitative study was conducted using a content analysis design.
Data were collected by reviewing document content (1) learning outcomes of the
Kurikulum Merdeka, (2) content standards of SNP, (3) publication articles on cognitive
development theory, (4) publication articles on the difficulty level of teaching materials
and (5) chemistry tektbooks. The data obtained were then processed following the steps
introduced by Miles & Huberman, including: data condensation, data display, and
conclusion drawing/verification. Based on a study of learning outcomes in Kurikulum
Merdeka documents, content standards of SNP, cognitive development theory, and the
level of difficulty of teaching materials and chemistry textbooks, to achieve scientific
literacy on green chemistry in sustainable development in class X chemistry of the
Kurikulum Merdeka resulted in a learning objectives flows as follows: semester 1
consists of three learning objectives, namely (1) explaining the rules of scientific work,
(2) understanding atomic structure and its application in nanotechnology, (3) writing
chemical reactions and applying the basic laws of chemistry, and semester 2 consists
of two learning objectives namely (4) explaining chemistry in daily life, and (5)
applying chemical concepts in environmental management. Based on the five learning
objectives, the green chemistry in sustainable development can be integrated into the
5th learning goal, in semester 2. So, it can be concluded that the preparation of the

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 139

learning objective flow in the chemistry subject of class X Kurikulum Merdeka should
be guided by learning outcomes in Kurikulum Merdeka, content standards of SBP,
theory of student cognitive development, and level of difficulty of teaching materials,
not only in existing textbooks.
Keywords: learning objectives flow, Kurikulum Merdeka, science literacy, green
chemistry, sustainable development.

140 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 J004

Improving self-regulated learning and student learning outcomes

with the flipped classroom-Edmodo model
Rusmansyah, Iriani Bakti, Helda Sasmita, Isnawati
Lambung Mangkurat University, Jl. Hasan Basri Banjarmasin 70123, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

This study aims to determine (1) differences in self-regulated learning and (2)
differences in student learning outcomes after participating in learning using the
Edmodo-assisted flipped classroom model with students using conventional models
on acid-base solution material. The method in this study is a quasi-experimental
research designnonequivalent control group design. The samples of this study were
students of class XI MIPA 1 as the experimental class and class XI MIPA 2 as the
control class at SMAN 1 Alalak. The independent variable is the Edmodo-assisted
flipped classroom learning model, while the dependent variable is self-regulated
learning and learning outcomes. Data collection uses to test and non-test techniques.
The data analysis technique used descriptive and inferential analysis using a t-test.
The results showed that (1) there were differences in students’ self-regulated learning
between the experimental class and the control class, and (2) there were differences
between students’ learning outcomes between the experimental class and the control
class.
Keywords: flipped classroom, Edmodo, self-regulated learning, learning outcomes.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 141

 H001

Nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in DM model

rats after administration of teak leave ethanol extract (Tectona
grandis L.)
Nuralifah1, Parawansah1,2, Fadhliyah Malik1, Nur Ramadhani A.Sida1, Atymutmain1
Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. HEA Mokodompit, Kendari 93231, Indonesia
* email: [email protected]

This study was conducted with the aim of knowing the activity of the ethanol extract
of teak (Tectona grandis L.) leaves on nitric oxide levels and malondialdehyde levels
in male Wistar strain rats with diabetes mellitus. Modeling of diabetes mellitus in test
animals was carried out by inducing streptozotocin 40 mg/kgBW intraperitoneally.
After modeling, twenty-four male rats were grouped into 6 treatment groups, namely
the normal control group was only given food and drink, the positive control group
was given glibenclamide, the negative control group was given 0.5% Na-CMC, the
group was given ethanol leaf extract. teak at a dose of 100 mg/kgBW, the group given
teak leaf ethanol extract at a dose of 200 mg/kgBW and the group given teak leaf
ethanol extract at a dose of 300 mg/kgBW. Mice were treated for 7 days, after which
the nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels in plasma were measured using a UV-Vis
spectrophotometer. The level data obtained were analyzed using one-way ANOVA,
then followed by a post hoc LSD test. The result of this research is that the ethanol
extract of teak (Tectona grandis L.) leaves has antihyperglycemic activity as seen from
the decrease in nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels.
Keywords: Tectona grandis L., streptozotocin, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde,
hyperglycemic.

142 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 H002

Analysis of river water quality and sustainability status of

Konaweha river management for raw water supply in Kendari city
Darwin Ismail, M. Z. Firihu, La Ode Safuan, Armid
Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. HEA Mokodompit Kendari 93231, Indonesia

This study aims to analyze and determine the water quality status of the Konaweha River
and analyze the level of sustainability of konaweha river management for the provision
of raw water in Kendari City. This research was conducted in Konawe Regency and
Kendari City from July to September 2022, using two methods, namely the Pollution
Index method and the Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis method. The
Pollution Index method is used to determine the level of pollution from the Konaweha
River, while the MDS analysis method is used to determine the sustainability status
of konaweha river management for the provision of raw water in Kendari City.
The results showed that the Konaweha River at Station I, Station II, Station III and
Station IV obtained Pollution Index values of 3.23, 7.37, 7.56 and 7.79, of the four
stations whose parameters were analyzed, all of them met the quality standards except
Detergent at station III so that the water quality status of the Konaweha River belonged
to the classification of mild contaminants for stations I and moderate contaminants for
stations II, III and IV. As for the sustainability status of the Konaweha River. Based on
the results of the assessment of 41 attributes from the five ecological, economic, social,
technological and institutional dimensions in the management of the Konaweha River
for the supply of raw water in Kendari City, the current condition of the Sustainability
Index value is 45.42, meaning that the nature of the Konaweha River management for
raw water supply in Kendari City is currently in a Less Sustainable status.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 143

 I002

Sago: The future of Indonesia’s national sugar self-sufficiency

Zainal Abidin, Bahari, Ansharullah*, Sitti Aida Adha Taridala
Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. HEA Mokodompit Kendari 93231, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

The gap between demand and supply of sugar production is still a major obstacle in
Indonesia. National sugar production is still very dependent on sugar cane, which is
currently has several problems, such as low efficiency of sugar factories, uncompetitive
sugarcane plantation business, and high production costs. Therefore, other sources of
sugar production need to be pursued, including looking for alternative raw materials
for sugar, namely sago; where Indonesia is the largest sago producer in the world.
This study was aimed to analyze the production of liquid sugar, which was based on
sago. Using the enzymatic method, sago was converted into liquid sugar. The enzymes
used were alpha-amylase and amyloglucosidase, each as much as 1.2 ml per kg of
sago. The resulting liquid sugar had the characteristics of 60o Brix, sweet taste, no
odor, yellowish red color, no contamination of harmful elements such as Pb, Cu, Zn,
As and no microbial contamination. This result was in accordance with the national
liquid sugar standard (SNI 01-2978992). The resulting liquid sugar production was
0.6 to 0.8 liters per kg of sago. If the sago obtained from around 50,000 hectares of
sago plantations, and converted into liquid sugar, then around 600,000 kiloliters of
sugar will be produced, or equivalent to 27% of the total national sugar production.
The results of the feasibility analysis showed that the sago liquid sugar business was
profitable, which might be seen from the BCR value of 1.16, NPV Rp 58,754,955.64,
Pay Back Period 2 years 11 months, and iRR 34.73%. Although it had great potential,
in its development it was still facing various problems including: sago plantations that
had not been cultivated properly; access to land that was difficult; limited mastery of
farmer technology; and farmer institutions that were not yet established. Therefore,
efforts to develop sago liquid sugar may be initiated starting from the household scale,
and continued to small and medium industries.
Keywords: liquid sugar; enzymatic method; sago.

144 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 E025

Development of cinnarizine analysis method in human blood

plasma using UPLC MS/MS
Uswatun Hasanah1*, Ade Heri Mulyati1, Siti Amelia Zuchrofah2
1
Universitas Pakuan, Jalan Pakuan, Baranangsiang, Bogor, Indonesia.
2
PT Equilab International, Jl RS Fatmawati Persil 33 Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

Cinnarizine is a generic drug with properties as an antihistamine and a sedative that

produces significant effects for preventing or treating motion sickness. Generic drugs
have the same quality and pharmacological response as patent drugs, so it is necessary
to do a BA/BE test to control the quality of generic drugs. This research has optimum
conditions with the composition of the mobile phase ammonium acetate 5mM pH 4.5:
acetonitrile (35:65) with a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. and an injection volume of 10 L,
extraction using tert-butyl methyl ether (TBME) with a volume of 3 mL. The standard
molecular mass of cinnarizine is 369.17 m/z with 167.02 m/z fragmentation. The
standard molecular mass of loratadine is 383.07 m/z with 337.07 m/z fragmentation.
Validation of the analytical method showed that human blood plasma blanks gave
a response but were still included in the selectivity tests acceptance criteria. The
carry-over test indicates that there is no carry-over in the injection. LLOQ test shows
analyte signal >5x blank signal. The linearity of the calibration curve is higher than
0.99. The accuracy test (% different) and precision (% RSD) are samples with low,
medium, high and highest concentrations of 15%, while the lowest concentration of
20%. The dilution measurement met the requirements for percent different 15% for
and dilutions. Standard solutions are stable at storage temperatures for up to 18 days.
Blood plasma samples containing cinnarizine were stable at room temperature for up
to 6 hours, at storage temperature for 17 days and frozen for four cycles. The validation
of the analytical method in this study refers to the EMA guidelines.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 145

 E026

Characterization of cocoa pod husk bio-oil and its application as

antifungal in improving the cocoa seed’s quality
Mashuni Mashuni*, La Ode Ahmad, Nur Arfa Yanti, M. Jahiding, Rasmi,
Fitri Handayani Hamid
Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. HEA Mokodompit Kendari 93132, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

Production of quality cocoa seeds is produced from seeds free from fungi and
diseases. Seed treatment is the earliest, safe, and environmentally friendly strategy for
controlling fungi and pathogens with the help of bio-oil from cocoa pod huks (CPH).
Cocoa seeds were treated with chemical methods, namely soaking in bio-oil with
concentrations of 10, 20 and 30% for 15, 30 and 45 minutes, respectively. CPH bio-oil
contains the dominant components of phenol derivatives, namely 2-methoxy-phenol
(23.63%), 2,6-dimethoxy-phenol (7.18%), 3-methyl-phenol (3.85%), 2-methoxy-5-
methylphenol (3.20%), 4-(ethoxymethyl)-2-methoxy-phenol (1.20%). The results
of chemical analysis on cocoa seeds during the storage period obtained that the pH
ranged from 5-6 with a normal moisture content of 30-50% for 10 days of storage.
The water content’s stability was from the third to the sixth day. The prepared seeds
have a germination rate of 85% of the number of seeds grown. The best composition
is the concentration of 20% bio-oil and soaking for 30 minutes. The percentage of
seed growth is 90% for a storage period of 6 days. Therefore, CPH bio-oil of 20%
was effective in inhibiting the growth of fungi on cocoa seeds compared to synthetic
fungicides.
Keywords: antifungal, bio-oil, cocoa pod husk, cocoa seed’s.

146 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 B026

Growth response of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) on the

application of liquid organic fertilizer plus biological agents and
AB-Mix in a Hydroponic System
Gusti Ayu Kade Sutariati1*, Tresjia Corina Rakian1, Muhidin1, Andi Khaeruni1,
Dewi Nurhayati Yusuf1, Gusti Ngurah Adhi Wibawa1, La Mudi2
1
Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari 93231, Indonesia
2
State Agricultural Polytechnic of Samarinda 75131, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

This study aims to test the effectiveness of liquid organic fertilizer plus biological
agents integrated with inorganic fertilizer AB-Mix in increasing the growth of hot
pepper plants in a hydroponic system. The study was conducted in Jati Bali Village,
Ranomeeto Barat District, Konawe Selatan Regency from April to August 2022. The
study was arranged using a separate plot design in a randomized block design. The
main plot is the treatment of liquid organic fertilizer plus biological agents (POC-Plus)
consisting of 2 treatments, namely POC-Plus which has been stored for 6 months and
POC-Plus without storage. The sub-plots with AB-Mix concentration consisted of 4
treatments, namely without AB-Mix (control), AB-Mix 100%, AB-Mix 50% and AB-
Mix 25%. Thus there were 8 treatment combinations and 24 experimental units (3
replications). Observational data were tabulated and analyzed by analysis of variance.
The results of the analysis that showed a significant effect were continued with the
Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) =0.05. The results showed that the integration
of liquid organic fertilizer treatment plus biological agents and AB-Mix was able to
increase the growth of hot pepper plants in a hydroponic system. Although there
was no interaction between the treatments tested, the application of POC-Plus both
without storage and those that had been stored for 6 months was able to reduce the
use of AB-Mix even to a concentration of 25%. In order to increase the efficiency
and effectiveness of fertilization on the growth of hot pepper plants in a hydroponic
system, it is better to use POC-Plus which is integrated with AB-Mix at a concentration
of 25%-50%..
Keywords: AB-Mix, biological agents, hydroponics, liquid organic fertilizer.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 147

 B027

Diversity of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizas (VAM) on

agricultural land in karst area, Central Buton, Province Southeast
Sulawesi, Indonesia
Muhsin, La Ode Safuan, Jamili, L. M. Harjoni Kilowasid, Nur Arfa Yanti, Aminah Maryani
Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari
*
email: [email protected]

Abstract. Mycorrhizas are a group of fungi associated with the roots of more than 90%
of all plant species, Mycorrhizas can be found on land plants in almost every ecosystem,
even in extreme conditions, such as karst soils. Karst is a plateau that has a geological
structure of limestone and tertiary carbonate rocks. In this study, soil samples were
taken from the karst area of ​​the Gu district, Central Buton. The purpose of this study
was to determine the type and diversity of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizas (VAM)
on agricultural land in the karst area of Gu
​​ District, Central Buton. Soil samples were
taken from agricultural land at three different stations. Isolation of VAM spores using
a combination of the wet pour technique (Pacioni, 1992) and centrifugation technique
(Brundrett et al, 1996). VAM identification was carried out based on the similarity
of spore morphological characteristics including shape, color, size, ornamentation,
and spore wall layer with the INVAM (International Culture Collection (Vesicular)
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi) site guide. Then counted its diversity index. There are
17 species of VAM found on agricultural land in the karst area of ​​Gu District, Central
Buton, namely Acaulospora colombiana, Acaulospora foveata, Acaulospora mellea,
Acaulospora morrowiae, Acaulospora denticulata, Acaulospora delicata, Acaulospora
spinosa, Gigaspora margarita, Gigaspora decipiens, Racocetra fulgida, Glomus
macrocarpum, Glomus microcarpum, Glomus microcarpum, Glomus microcarpum,
Rhizophagus manihotis and Rhizophagus intraradices. The diversity of vesicular
arbuscular (VAM) species found on agricultural land in the karst area of Gu ​​ District,
Central Buton at stations 1 and 2 is in the medium category and station 3 is in the low
category.
Keywords: karst region, vesikular arbuscular mycorrhizas (VAM), arbuscular vesicular
mycorrhiza (VAM) diversity.

148 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 B028

The Effect of Various Sterilization Method and Volume Containers

Towards Phytochemical Contens of Phyllantus urinaria
Tri Novia Yuliana, Adhina Choiri Putri, Bambang Cahyono, Agustina L.N. Aminin*
Department of Chemistry, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

Substrate sterilization is an important process in fermentation. This process is to

guarantee that the microorganisms we inoculate are completely single. Autoclave
sterilization is the most popular method in science world. In autoclaving, the heat is
delivered by pressurized steam so it can reduces the substrate bioactive compounds.
Comparative studies of sterilization methods have been reported. This study aims
to investigate the effects of two substrate containers in sterilization methods of
herbal plant on phytochemical compounds. The substrate container comprised
the small container and big container. We applied three sterilization methods –
pasteurization, steam and autoclave sterilization for 15 min. Meniran herbal plant
(Phyllantus urinaria) as substrate. After sterilization, we measured the phytochemical
contents (phenol and flavonoid) and analyzed the LCMS profile of Phyllantus urinaria
extract. Among the sterilization technique, pasteurization by big container resulted in
less in decrease phenolic contens (30,326%) and flavonoid contents (14,589%). LCMS
profile showed that autoclave-sterilized Phyllantus urinaria extract resulted in loss
many active phenolics and flavonoids. This study establishes that pasteurization by
big container is the best sterilization method that exerts minimal adverse effects on the
phytochemical compounds.
Keywords: herbal extract, phytochemical compounds, sterilization method, Phyllantus
urinaria, LCMS.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 149

 J006

Practicum-based learning video: How is the product development

and thee quality of the product?
Suyanta1*, Sunarto1, Susila Kristianingrum1, Regina Tutik Padmaningrum1, Annisa
Fillaeli1, Sulistyani1, Illyas Md. Isa2, Rahadian3, Sri Rejeki Dwi Astuti1
1
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia
2
Faculty of Science Mathematic, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia
3
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

Trends in education and teaching perspective have changed to distance learning due
to the covid-19 pandemic and the fourth industrial revolution. Moreover, technology
plays an important role in distance learning. However, technology is not always
the best solution for teaching strategies. We need an appropriate learning media
and learning strategy in performing the learning process in accordance with the
characteristic of learning content. Therefore, we aimed to develop practicum-based
learning videos in the chemical separation method course as a virtual laboratory and
to explore the product quality based on expert judgment. This research was a research
and development product adopted ADDIE models. This research involved 2 content
experts, 2 media experts, and 48 students of chemistry department. The research data
was collected through online questionnaire consisting of product quality questionnaire
for product validation. Product validation data was data category, thus it converted to
data score using the Likert scale and were analyzed using ideal assessment criteria.
The result revealed that practicum-based learning video for the chemical separation
method course has been successfully developed based on the steps of the ADDIE
model and consisted of 8 practicum-based videos including solvent extraction, metal
extraction, electrogravimetry, column chromatography, paper chromatography, ion
exchange chromatography, steam distillation, and vacuum distillation. The product
has good quality according to expert judgments. From the findings, these media can
be utilized as an alternative media for virtual practicum and can assist students in
deepening theories about chemical separation methods.
Keywords: chemical separation method, distance learning, online-based learning,
practicum-based video.

150 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 B029

Imunomodulator Test of Purified Extract of Pokea Shellfish

(Batissa violacea celebensis Martens 1897) on phagocytic
activity of macrophages in mice BALB/c
Sri Anggarini Rasyid*, Syawal Abdurrahman, Yusmar Said
Mandala Waluya University, South East Sulawesi, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

Immunomodulators are agents that modulate the body’s immune response. In

Indonesia the mortality rate of children <5 years due to infection is in the percentage
of 1-20%. This study aims to determine the immunomodulatory effect of purified
extract of Pokea shellfish Batissa violacea celebensis Marten 1897 on phagocytosis of
macrophages in mice and compare the increase in phagocytic activity. The type of
research carried out was analytical research with the research design in the form of
looking at the effect of giving ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and N-Hexane
fraction of pokea shellfish to increase macrophage phagocytosis activity in mice
induced with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The results showed that the percentage
of macrophage phagocytic activity was ethanol extract (39.5%), ethyl acetate fraction
(24%), N-hexane fraction (53.25%), stimuno® (72.83%), Na CMC ( 35.33%). Based on
the average percent of macrophage phagocytic activity, it was shown that the fraction
that had the best immunomodulatory effect on increasing macrophage phagocytic
activity in male mice was the non-polar fraction. It is necessary to study the specific
active substance components contained in the pokea shellfish fraction (Batissa violacea
celebensis Martens 1897).
Keywords: Immunomodulator, ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, N-hexane
fraction, Batissa violacea celebensis Martens 1897, phagocytosis

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 151

 B030

Growth and accumulation of metallic mercury (Hg) in cashew

(Anacardium occidentale L.) seedlings planted in post gold
mining bombana soil with concentration treatment of cow manure
Sri Ambardini1*, Jamili1, Taufik Walhidayah2
1
Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari 93232, Indonesia.
2
Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, P. R. China
*
Corresponding author: [email protected]

Open pit mining systems decreased plant growth around the gold mining, because
macro and micro nutrients were degraded, leached, and accumulated heavy metals
in the soil, such as the mercury (Hg). This study was aimed to determine the growth,
biomass and accumulation of metallic mercury (Hg) in the organs of cashew
(Anacardium occidentale L.). The soil texture was sieved, pH was measure using pH
Meter, spectrophotometric and titrimetric were performed for BO and CEC, Metal was
measured by AAS. S3 treatment had an effect on the growth of cashew (Anacardium
occidentale L.) planted on post-mining soil in increasing plant height growth, relative
growth rate of plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, compared treatment S1, S2
and S0. And S3 treatment of metal uptake of mercury (Hg) in cashew (Anacardium
occidentale L.) plant organs can inhibit metal absorption compared to S1, S2 treatment
with the same fertilizer treatment.
Keywords: soil, cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.), biomass, metal, cow manure.

152 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 B031

Electric potential of tofu production liquid waste using microbial

fuel cell methode with pottery membrane
Iis Afrisa Hamid1, Ahmad Zaeni1, Prima Endang Susilowati2
1
Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. HEA Mokodompit Kendari 93231, Indonesia
2
Universitas Siliwangi, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia
*
email: [email protected]

Tofu production liquid waste causes a pungent and rotten odour that badly impacts
the surroundings. This waste is used as a substrate source in the MFC system. A
microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a renewable and environmentally friendly electrical
energy generator. The electrons generated from the anode chamber are transferred
to the cathode chamber via an external circuit, and protons are transmitted through
the membrane. Electrons and protons combine to reduce oxygen and produce H2O in
the cathode space. The study’s objectives are 1) to determine the maximum electrical
energy value produced by the MFC system from tofu production liquid waste. 2)
to determine the effect of the KMnO4 electrolyte on the electrical energy produced.
And 3) to determine the effect of using the MFC system in improving environmental
quality standards for tofu production liquid waste and measuring the voltage and
electric current generated in the bioreactor, using an earthenware membrane, graphite
sheet electrode, KMnO4 as an oxidizing agent with a substrate using tofu production
liquid waste. The results of this study indicate the effect of KMnO4 concentration on
the resulting voltage and current. The maximum electrical energy occurred on the 16
days with 0.1 M KMnO4 cathode chamber producing an electric voltage and current
of 965 mV and 14.97 mA while in KMnO4 0.2 M cathode chamber it produced 1,013
mV and 18.14 mA. Thus, the higher the KMnO4 concentration, the greater the electric
voltage and current compared to the lower KMnO4. The characterization of the
sample resulted in a decrease in the value of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), BOD
(Biochemical Oxygen Demand), and TSS (Total Suspended Solid). This MFC system
improved environmental quality standards for tofu production liquid waste. So the
tofu liquid waste can be used as a substrate in the microbial fuel cell system.
Keywords: microbial fuel cell, electric potential, electric current, tofu liquid waste,
pottery membrane, graphite sheet.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 153

 B032

Effect of activated sludge in degradation of wastewater contained

detergent
Nur Sila Alisi, Zainal Syam Arifin, Ahmad Zaeni*
Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. HEA Mokodompit Kendari 93231, Indonesia
* email: [email protected]

Detergent wastewater must be treated first not to pollute the water bodies where the
waste is disposed. Detergent wastewater treatment must require serious handling.
In this research activity, detergent wastewater degradation using activated sludge
is an effective process for managing wastewater. Activated sludge can contain
microorganisms, where these microorganisms can utilize dissolved or suspended
materials in the water as an energy source. The purpose of this study (1) is to
determine the ability of activated sludge to degrade linear alkyl benzene sulfonate
(LAS) in detergent waste (2) to determine the decrease in the concentration of BOD
(Biochemical Oxygen Demand) and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) in wastewater
containing detergent. After being. Sample observations were conducted for ten days
to analyze the levels of Linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) in detergent. The results
of this study indicate that using activated sludge for waste degradation containing
detergents can degrade waste with a decrease in the concentration of LAS levels for the
first waste from 16.764 mg/L to 1.827 mg/L with an efficiency of 89.1% reduction in
LAS levels of detergent. The levels of LAS for the second laundry waste decreased from
19.563 mg/L to 2.977 mg/L, with an efficiency of 84.7% reduction in LAS levels. The
characterization of detergent waste resulted in a decrease in the value of Biochemical
oxygen demand (BOD), Chemical oxygen demand (COD) so that activated sludge was
proven to be able to improve the environmental quality standards of detergent waste
Keywords: activated sludge, degradation, linear alkyl benzene sulfonate, biochemical
oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, laundry detergent waste.

154 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 B035

In vitro kinetics of pancreatic lipase inhibition by asam gelugur

and kunci pepet water extracts
Trivadila, Laela Wulansari, Riska Amelia Candra, Dyah Iswantini
IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia 16680, Indonesia

Asam gelugur (Garcinia atroviridis) and Kunci pepet (Kaempferia angustifolia Rosc.) are
the plants that have been studied for its ability to reduce the body weight. The fruit water
extract of asam gelugur and rhizome water extract of kunci pepet showed the inhibition
of pancreatic lipase activity and a potentcy as an anti-obesity agent. This study aimed
to determine the inhibition mechanism of water extracts of the asam gelugur and kunci
pepet rhizome (single extract and combination extract) on pancreatic lipase activity in
vitro. Asam gelugur and kunci pepet rhizomes were extracted using water as solvents
by maceration method. The water extracts of asam gelugur and kunci pepet and its
combination extract showed inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity in vitro. Kinetic
analysis to determine the type of inhibition of the extracts showed that kunci pepet
extract was competitive inhibitor while asam gelugur extract and combination of asam
gelugur and kunci pepet extracts were uncompetitive inhibitor. KI values showed that
single extract of kunci pepet exhibited higher affinity to the enzyme.
Keywords: antiobesity, asam gelugur, inhibitor, kunci pepet, pancreatic lipase.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 155

 B036

Identification of chemical compounds from moringa seeds

(Moringa oleifera) as an antibacterial agents
H. Hidayat1,*, N. Madina1, M.M. Musawwa1
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam
Indonesia, Jl. Kaliurang Km 14,5 Yogyakarta 55584, Indonesia
*
Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Moringa seeds are a class of edible oil that have activities as antioxidants, antiaging,
emollients, hair care and skin lightening. This study aims to identification potential of
chemical compounds from moringa seed oil as an antibacterial against Streptococcus
pyogenes bacteria. Analysis by GC-MS showed that Moringa seed oil contains 40%
oleic acid which is the compound with the highest peak. The antibacterial activity
of Moringa seed oil was categorized as strong with clear zones of 11 mm and 15 mm
respectively by Moringa seed oil which was extracted using soxhletation and MAE
methods. Moreover, the characterization using GC-MS identified the presence of high
oleic acid in Moringa seed oil with an area of ​​40%.
Keywords: moringa, antibacterial, Streptococcus, chemical, GC-MS

156 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

 B037

The Inhibition to enzyme α-Glukosidase of β-Sitosterol from

Spons (Haliclona sp.)
Siti Masruroh1,a, Ni Komang Tri Dharmayani1.b*, Emmy Yuanita1,c, Lalu Rudyat Telly
Savalas2,d
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram
2
Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education,
University of Mataram, Indonesia
Author Emails
b)
[email protected]

The recommended alternative drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus is to use α-Glucosidase
Inhibitors (AGI). AGI can control pospandrial blood glucose spikes, reduce glucose
levels in organs, and delay tolerance to diabetes mellitus, but the availability of AGI is
limited so it is necessary to look for new sources of AGI. from natural resources, one of
which is a steroid compound, namely -sitosterol isolated from sponge (Haliclona sp.).
The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibitory activity of the α-glucosidase
enzyme from extracts and ꞵ-sitosterol compounds isolated from the sponge Haliclona
sp. from Lombok waters with positive control of acarbose. The activity test was carried
out by measuring the amount of p-nitrophenol produced at 400 nm, temperature (
37℃), pH 6.8, substrate concentration (10 mM), and time incubation (8 minutes). The
results showed that the inhibitory activity of -sitosterol was higher (IC50 = 21,7783
mM) than acarbose ((IC50 = 80,2125 mM), ꞵ-sitosterol was potential as α-glucosidase
inhibitor.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Inhibition, α-glukosidase, ꞵ-sitosterol, p-nitrophenol

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 157

 B0138

The coastal ecosystems vulnerability status in Southeast

Sulawesi, Coral Triangle areas, Indonesia
Kangkuso Analuddin, LM Golok Jaya, Wa Iba, Luky Ardianto, Muhammad Helmi, Novi
Susetyo Adi, Rudhi Pribadi, Mariska Astrid Kusumaningtyas, Heri Andreas, LM Yasir
Haya, La Syahrir, Ahmad Dahlan, Saban Rahim, LOD Abdul Fajar, Rempei Suwa

The Coral Triangle areas are households of rich coastal ecosystems with mangroves,
seagrasses, corals, etc., regarded as a world center of biodiversity. However, the recent
condition of these ecosystems is at risk due to climate change and anthropogenic
pressures. The present study elucidates the coastal ecosystems’ vulnerability status in
the coral triangle, Southeast Sulawesi. The vulnerability of the mangrove ecosystem
was elucidated by the scoring and rank values of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive
capacity of the mangrove ecosystem in the comparison of protected and unprotected
sites. However, the coral vulnerability status was investigated by field sampling and
experiments in the laboratory. The result showed that the average exposure values of
the mangrove ecosystem in RAWN park (protected area), Tinanggea, and Kendari bay
(both unprotected areas) were found to rank values less than 3, which indicates the
moderate condition. However, average sensitivity values were found to rank values <
2 in RAWN park, but it was > 3 in Tinanggea and Kendari bay mangroves’ indicating
less sensitive mangroves in the RAWN park, but it was more sensitive mangrove
conditions in unprotected areas. Similarly, the adaptive capacity value in RAWN park
was < 2, while it was > 4 in Tinanggea and > 3 in Kendari bay mangroves indicating
good management and availability of above land behind mangroves in the protected
area, but it was poor management and unavailable land behind mangroves. However,
overall rank values showed that less vulnerability status of mangroves is found in the
protected areas, but high vulnerability status of mangroves is found in unprotected
areas of Southeast Sulawesi. Although high coral diversity was found on the beach of
the small Islands, Buton Street, Muna Regency, the coral performance is shown almost
bleached in most of the areas of the small Islands. This is might be an indication of
the climate change pressures of acidification and anthropogenic pressures by human
activities. Laboratory experiments showed that the corals are found very sensitive to
low pH of 5 as compared to a pH of 6 and normal. Most of the branching corals of
Acropora spp on treatment with pH 5.0 were bleached just 10 days after, but the other
corals of Porietes sp and Fungia sp seemed to bleach about 50%. However, the condition
of corals in control showed good performance, while the corals in the treatment of pH
6.0 showed little bleached (<25% bleached) for branching corals of Acropora spp, but
the corals of Porietes sp and Fungia sp seemed to show good performances, though
they were fully bleached after 12 days of the experiment. Furthermore, all the corals
of Acropora spp, Porietes sp as well as Fungia sp in the treatment of pH 6.0 were fully

158 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

bleached at 14 days experiment. These results highlight that the vulnerability status of
the mangrove ecosystem is at risk in unprotected areas, while corals are shown high
sensitivity to climate change and anthropogenic pressures. Therefore, efforts must be
done to sustain the health of the coastal ecosystem and people in the coral triangle
areas.

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 159

 Speakers
and participants

160 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

No. Name Institution
1 Abdul Haris Watoni Universitas Halu Oleo
2 Ade Heri Mulyati Universitas Pakuan
3 Adi Darmawan Diponegoro University
4 Afiten Rahmin Sanjaya Universitas Indonesia
5 Agung Bagus Pambudi Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
6 Agus Setiawan Universitas Halu Oleo
7 Ahmad Hamdani Institut Teknologi Bandung
8 Akrajas Ali Umar Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
9 Ali Bonto Universitas Halu Oleo
10 Alimin Universitas Halu Oleo
11 Aliyas Yasar Universitas Halu Oleo
12 Amin Fatoni Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
13 Anceu Murniati Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani
14 Andini Nurfitri Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
15 Ani Mulyasuryani Brawijaya University
16 Ari Asnani Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
17 Arie Hardian Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani
18 Asrial Universitas Jambi
19 Budi Riza Putra National Research and Innovation Agency
20 Catur Joko Widodo Universitas Halu Oleo
21 Cecep Sabana Rahmatillah Universitas Islam Indonesia
22 Darmawan Mukharror Universitas Indonesia
23 Darwin Ismail Universitas Halu Oleo
24 Desinta Dwi Ristiana Universitas Gadjah Mada
25 Dian Wardana Universitas Negeri Medan
26 Dina Lestari Universitas Sembilanbelas November
27 Dwi Febriantini Universitas Indonesia
28 Dwiarso Rubiyanto Universitas Islam Indonesia
29 Eko Sri Kunarti Universitas Gadjah Mada
30 Elsa Sriwahyuni Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
31 Endah Dwijayanti Universitas Islam Makassar
32 Endang Tri Wahyuni Universitas Gadjah Mada
33 Eviomitta Rizki Amanda Universitas Anwar Medika
34 Faizal Mustapa Universitas Halu Oleo

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 161

No. Name Institution
35 Farikhatul Fitria Universitas Islam Indonesia
36 Febriani Febriani Universitas Syiah Kuala
37 Fensia Analda Souhoka Universitas Pattimura
38 Fina Khaerunnisa Frima Institut Teknologi Bandung
39 Fitri Handayani Hamid Universitas Halu Oleo
40 Gusti Ayu Kade Sutariati Universitas Halu Oleo
41 Habibi Hidayat Universitas Islam Indonesia
42 Halimahtussaddiyah Ritonga Universitas Halu Oleo
43 Hamzah Fansuri Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
44 Hanandayu Widwiastuti Polytechnic of Health Malang
45 Hasbullah Syaf Universitas Halu Oleo
46 Hasnah Natsir Universitas Hasanuddin
47 Henny Dwi Yanti IPB University
48 I Nyoman Sudiana Universitas Halu Oleo
49 I Wayan Warmada Universitas Gadjah Mada
50 I. Sahidin Sahidin. University Halu Oleo
51 Icheu Dini Widia Sari Universitas Halu Oleo
52 Ida Ayu Gede Widihati Udayana University
53 Iis Afrisa Hamid Universitas Halu Oleo
54 Ika Kusuma Nugraheni Politeknik Negeri Tanah Laut
55 Ikhsan Mustari Lambung Mangkurat University
56 Indriani Tadulako University
57 Irdhawati. Udayana University
58 Irmina Kris Muwarni Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
59 Isnaini Universitas Mataram
60 Isnaini Rahmawati Universitas Indonesia
61 Istri Ratnadewi Universitas Jember
62 Kangkuso Analuddin Universitas Halu Oleo
63 Kery Saiful Konggoasa Konawe District Government
64 Khairuddin Universitas Tadulako
65 La Agusu Universitas Halu Oleo
66 La Ode Aman Universitas Negeri Gorontalo
67 La Ode Muh Munadi Universitas Halu Oleo
68 Laily Nurliana Universitas Halu Oleo
69 Mashuni Universitas Halu Oleo

162 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022

No. Name Institution
70 Maulidiyah Universitas Halu Oleo
71 Meytij Jeanne Rampe State University of Manado
72 Mochamad Zakki Fahmi Universitas Airlangga
73 Mohamad Rafi IPB University
74 Muh. Natsir Universitas Halu Oleo
75 Muh. Zakir Muzakkar Universitas Halu Oleo
76 Muhammad Abdul Kadir Martoprawiro Institut Teknologi Bandung
77 Muhammad Erriyansyah Reska Universitas Islam Indonesia
78 Muhammad Iqbal Syabani Istianandar University Halu Oleo
79 Muhammad Nurdin Universitas Halu Oleo
80 Muhammad Ramadhan Universitas Halu Oleo
81 Muhammad Zakir Muzakkar Universitas Halu Oleo
82 Muhammad Zamrun F. Universitas Halu Oleo
83 Muhsin Universitas Halu Oleo
84 Muzuni Universitas Halu Oleo
85 Nasriadi Dali Universitas Halu Oleo
86 Nazarul Universitas Halu Oleo
87 Ni Made Puspawati Universitas Udayana
88 Ni Putu Eka Radianti Universitas Mataram
89 Niken Pujirahayu Universitas Halu Oleo
90 Nirmala Febriani Universitas Mataram
91 Nur Arfa Yanti Universitas Halu Oleo
92 Nur Naila Universitas Halu Oleo
93 Nur Sila Alisi Universitas Halu Oleo
94 Nuralifah Universitas Halu Oleo
95 Nurhadi Syahputra Pohan Univesitas Negeri Medan
96 Nurnaningsih Hamzah Universitas Halu Oleo
97 Nurrahmi Handayani Institut Teknologi Bandung
98 Nurul Hidayat Aprilita Universitas Gadjah Mada
99 Nuryono Universitas Gadjah Mada
100 Parsaoran Siahaan Diponegoro University
101 Paulus Hengky Abram Universitas Tadulako
102 Reni Yunus Poltekkes Kemenkes Kendari
103 Restiara Pramesti Universitas Islam Indonesia
104 Retno Ariadi Lusiana Universitas Diponegoro

Sustainable Mining, Environment, Industry and Health   | 163

No. Name Institution
105 Rosliana Eso Universitas Halu Oleo
106 Roza Linda Universitas Riau
107 Rudi Heryanto IPB University
108 Ruksamin North Konawe District Government
109 Rurini Retnowati Brawijaya University
110 Rusmansyah Lambung Mangkurat University
111 Saiful Syiah Kuala University
112 Seitaro Mitsudo University of Fukui
113 Sernita Universitas Hasanuddin
114 Siti Masruroh Universitas Mataram
115 Siti Warnasih Universitas Pakuan
116 Sitti Wirdhana Ahmad Universitas Halu Oleo
117 Sofia Loren Butarbutar Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional
118 Sri Ambardini Universitas Halu Oleo
119 Sri Anggarini Rasyid Universitas Mandala Waluya
120 Sulistyo Saputro Universitas Sebelas Maret
121 Suyanta Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
122 Suzi Malan The University of British Columbia
123 Tatas H. P. Brotosudarmo University Ciputra
124 Taufik Walhidayah Huazhong Agricultural University
125 Tri Novia Yuliana Diponegoro University
126 Tribidasari A. Ivandini Universitas Indonesia
127 Trivadila IPB University
128 Ulyasniati Universitas Halu Oleo
129 Uswatun Hasanah Universitas Pakuan
130 Wa Ode Miranda Nur K. Universitas Halu Oleo
131 Waode Rustiah Politeknik Kesehatan Muhammadiyah
132 Wulan Tri Wahyuni IPB University
133 Yasmin Annisa University Jember
134 Yulia Mariana Tesa Ayudia Putri Universitas Indonesia
135 Z. Azahra Universitas Tadulako
136 Zainal Abidin BPTP Kalimantan Timur
137 Zainal Syam Arifin Universitas Halu Oleo
138 Zakaria Institut Agama Islam Negeri Bone
139 Zul Arham Universitas Halu Oleo

164 |  International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society (ICICS) 2022