CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
Home automation and monitoring using IoT technology has transformed the way we
manage our living spaces. With interconnected devices and sensors, homeowners can
control and monitor various aspects of their homes remotely, using smartphones, tablets,
or voice commands. This technology offers convenience, energy efficiency, enhanced
security, and customization. Users can adjust temperature, lighting, and appliances, while
also managing security systems and monitoring energy consumption. IoT-based home
automation provides personalized and intelligent living environments, allowing individuals
to create tailored settings and preferences. The ability to remotely monitor and control
devices ensures constant connectivity and control, even when away from home. As IoT
continues to evolve, we can expect further advancements in home automation, empowering
individuals to create smart and connected homes that suit their unique needs and lifestyle.

Home robotization permits controlling house appliances like door, light, addict, roaster etc.
It jointly provides associate exigency system and domestic security. It allows the consumer
fresh control of his home it facilitates several conditions, as an illustration, if the consumer
is permit to on his home appliance to controlled light, addict or any other cargo, or pre-
heating kitchen appliance once he got home, thus, several homemade conduct is replaced
by home robotization that reduces mortal sweats and time- saving. During this paper, new
style and completely different home appliances are given. Numerous different electric
operations is controlled by using Arduino UNO Microcontroller Grounded Home
robotization System. The system is used to bulb using a smart phone operation with
Bluetooth wireless technology. IoT-enabled home automation and monitoring systems
typically include smart devices such as sensors, cameras, thermostats, smart locks, and
lights, which are connected to a central hub that can be controlled via a smartphone or
tablet. This allows homeowners to remotely control and monitor various aspects of their
homes, such as temperature, lighting, security, and energy usage. One of the key benefits
of home automation and monitoring using IoT is the convenience it offers. Homeowners
can control their homes from anywhere, at any time, using their smartphones or tablets.
This allows them to save time and energy by automating tasks such as turning off lights
and adjusting the thermostat. Another major benefit of IoT-enabled home automation and
monitoring is improved security.

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home automation can help to reduce energy consumption and lower utility bills by
automating tasks such as turning off lights and adjusting the thermostat. Overall, home
automation and monitoring using IoT is a growing trend that offers numerous benefits for
homeowners. As technology continues to advance, we can expect to see even more
innovative ways of controlling and monitoring our homes using IoT-enabled devices.

In addition to the benefits mentioned above, home automation and monitoring using IoT can
also improve the quality of life for homeowners, particularly for those with mobility or
accessibility issues. For example, smart home devices such as voice assistants, smart
doorbells, and automated lighting can make it easier for people with disabilities to control
and monitor their homes independently.

Furthermore, IoT-enabled home automation and monitoring can also provide valuable
insights into home usage patterns and energy consumption, allowing homeowners to make
more informed decisions about how to optimize their energy usage and reduce their carbon
footprint. However, there are also some potential challenges associated with home
automation and monitoring using IoT. One of the main concerns is data privacy and security.
With so many devices connected to the internet, there is a risk that sensitive information
could be intercepted or hacked, potentially putting homeowners at risk. As such, it is
important for homeowners to choose reliable and secure devices and to take steps to protect
their home networks. Another challenge is the potential for compatibility issues between
different devices and systems. As the number of IoT-enabled devices continues to grow, itis
important for manufacturers to ensure that their devices are compatible with a wide range of
other products and systems, to avoid creating silos that limit the functionality and
interoperability of the system as a whole.

Home automation and monitoring using the Internet of Things (IoT) is a revolutionary
concept that brings connectivity and intelligence to our living spaces. It involves the
integration of smart devices, sensors, and internet connectivity to control and monitor
various aspects of our homes, making them more convenient, secure, and energy- efficient.
With home automation, homeowners can remotely manage and automate a wide range of
functions, including lighting, temperature control, security systems, entertainment systems.

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1.1 DESCRIPTION

At the core of IoT-based home automation are interconnected devices that communicate
with each other and with the homeowner through a network connection. These devices can
include thermostats, lighting systems, appliances, security cameras, door locks, smoke
detectors, and more. They are equipped with sensors and actuators that enable them to
sense the environment, collect data, and perform actions based on predefined instructions.

The IoT ecosystem enables homeowners to control their smart devices through mobile
applications, web interfaces, or voice assistants. With a few taps on a smartphone or a voice
command, users can adjust the temperature, turn on/off lights, manage appliances,
lock/unlock doors, and even control entertainment systems. This level of control provides
convenience and flexibility, allowing homeowners to tailor their living environment to their
preferences and needs.

In addition to control, IoT-based home automation also enables monitoring capabilities.

Homeowners can access real-time data and receive notifications about their homes, Even
when they are away. For example, they can view live camera feeds, monitor energy
consumption, check the status of security systems, or receive alerts about potential issues
like water leaks or intrusions. This monitoring feature enhances security, safety, and peace
of mind by keeping homeowners informed and enabling them to take prompt action if
necessary. The benefits of home automation and monitoring using IoT extend beyond
convenience and security. By leveraging IoT technology, homeowners can achieve energy
efficiency by optimizing the use of resources. Smart devices can adapt to occupancy
patterns, adjusting temperature and lighting based on presence or absence, resulting in
reduced energy waste and lower utility bills. Moreover, IoT-based home automation systems
often support integration and interoperability with various devices and platforms. This allows
for seamless communication and synchronization among different smart devices, creating a
cohesive ecosystem within the home. For example, a security camera can be linked to the
lighting system, triggering lights to turn on when motion is detected, enhancing both security
and convenience. Overall, home automation and monitoring usingIoT technology provide
homeowners with a range of benefits, includingconvenience.

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Home automation and monitoring using IoT refers to the use of internet- connecteddevices
and sensors to control and monitor various aspects of the home, such as lighting,
temperature, security, and energy usage. This technology allows homeowners to automate
and control their homes using a single interface, such as a smartphone or tablet, from
anywhere in the world. Homeautomation devices and sensors are typically connected to a
central hub or controller, which communicates with other devices and sensors to carry out
automated tasks. For example, a smart thermostat can automatically adjust the temperature
based on the homeowner's preferences and schedule, while smart lighting can be
programmed to turn on or off at specific times or in response to motion. Home automation
devices and sensors are typically connected to a central hub or controller, which
communicates with other devices and sensors to carry out automated tasks. For example,
a smart thermostat can automatically adjust the temperature based on thehomeowner's
preferences and schedule, while smart lighting can be programmed to turnon or off at
specific times or in response to motion. Home automation devices and sensors are typically
connected to a central hub or controller, which communicates with other devices and
sensors to carry out automated tasks. For example, a smart thermostat can automatically
adjust the temperature based on the homeowner's preferences and schedule, while smart
lighting can be programmed to turn on or off at specific times or in response to motion. Smart
home security systems can also be integrated with IoT-enableddevices and sensors to
monitor the home for intruders or other unusual activity. Smart cameras and sensors can
detect motion and send alerts to the homeowner's smartphoneor tablet, while smart locks
can be used to control access to the home. Overall, home automation and monitoring using
IoT offers a wide range of benefits, including convenience, improved security, and energy
efficiency.
Sensors play a crucial role in collecting real-time data from the environment. They can detect
motion, temperature, humidity, light, and other parameters, providing valuable information
to the automation system. Connectivity options such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zig bee, and Z-
Wave establish connections between devices and the central automation hub,
interoperability.

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1.2 OVERVIEW

Home automation and monitoring using IoT (Internet of Things) technology is a system that
enables homeowners to control and monitor various aspects of their homes remotely
through interconnected devices. It integrates smart devices, sensors, and network
connectivity to create a seamless and intelligent living environment.

The foundation of IoT-based home automation is the network of interconnected devices.

These devices can include thermostats, lighting systems, appliances, security cameras,
door locks, and more. They are equipped with sensors to collect data and actuators to
perform actions based on instructions.

Monitoring is a crucial feature of home automation using IoT. Homeowners can receive real-
time data and notifications about their homes remotely. They can monitor security cameras,
track energy consumption, receive alerts about potential issues like water leaks or intrusions,
and ensure the overall safety and well-being of their homes and occupants.

Energy efficiency is another benefit of home automation and monitoring using IoT. Smart
devices can adapt to occupancy patterns, adjust temperature and lighting based on
presence or absence,and optimize energy usage. This leads to reduced energy waste and
lower utility bills.

Integration and interoperability are key aspects of IoT-based home automation. Devices
from different manufacturers and platforms can be seamlessly integrated and communicate
with each other, creating a cohesive ecosystem within the home. For example, a security
camera can be linked to the lighting system, triggering lights to turn on when motion is
detected.

In summary, home automation and monitoring using IoT technology offer home owners
convenience, customization, energy efficiency, enhanced security, and peace of mind. With
the continuous evolution of IoT, the possibilities for creating smart and connected homes will
expand, providing even greater levels of automation and control in the future.

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1.3 OBJECTIVES

• Provide convenience: Home automation and monitoring using IoT technology

enables homeowners to remotely control and monitor their homes, providing
convenience and flexibility.

• Enhance energy efficiency: By optimizing the use of resources, smart devices in

IoT- based home automation systems can reduce energy waste and lower utility
bills, contributing to energy efficiency.

• Improve security and safety: IoT-based home automation and monitoring systems
enhance security and safety by enabling homeowners to remotely monitor their
homes and receive real-time alerts about potential issues.

• Personalize living environments: IoT-based home automation systems allow

homeowners to tailor their living environments to their preferences and needs,
providing personalized and intelligent living spaces.

• Create a cohesive ecosystem: Integration and interoperability among different

smart devices and platforms create a cohesive ecosystem within the home,
providing a seamless and intelligent living environment.

• Enable remote monitoring and control: Home automation and monitoring using IoT
technology allows homeowners to remotely monitor and control various aspects of
their homes, even when away, providing peace of mind.

• Support sustainability: By reducing energy waste, IoT-based home automation

systems contribute to sustainability efforts, promoting a greener and more efficient
lifestyle.

• Comfort and Personalization: Home automation systems offer the ability to create
personalized environments tailored to individual preferences.

Overall, the objectives of home automation and monitoring using IoT technology are to
create a smarter, more efficient, and more personalized living environment that enhances
convenience, security, and sustainability.

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1.4 ABOUT THE PROJECT

Home automation and monitoring using IoT is a smart home system that enables
homeowners to control and monitor various aspects of their home remotely using internet-
connected devices. This technology has become increasingly popular in recent years due to
its ability to provide a more convenient and comfortable living experience while also
increasing energy efficiency, improving home security, and reducing maintenance costs.

A successful home automation and monitoring using IoT project involves several steps.
Firstly, it is essential to define the project scope and objectives, which could include
controlling lights, temperature, security systems, and home appliances. Secondly, selecting
the appropriate IoT devices and sensors that will be needed for the project is crucial. These
could include smart thermostats, motion sensors, door and window sensors,smart locks,
smart lights, security cameras, and IoT-enabled appliances.

Next, choosing an IoT platform that will allow for easy integration and communication
between all the devices and sensors is necessary. Some popular IoT platforms include
Google Home, Amazon Alexa, and Samsung SmartThings. Developing a software interface
or an app that will allow the homeowner to interact with the IoT devices and sensors, set up
rules and triggers, and monitor the system remotely is also crucial.

Implementing the system involves setting up the devices and sensors according to the
project requirements and configuring them to communicate with each other through the
IoT platform. Monitoring and analyzing the system is necessary to ensure that all devices
and sensors are working correctly and collecting data as intended. Refining the system
involves continuously improving its performance, efficiency, and effectiveness.

Finally, implementing security measures to prevent unauthorized access to the IoT system
is necessary. This could include implementing authentication measures such as passwords,
two- factor authentication, and encryption. Testing the system thoroughly to ensure that it is
working as intended and deploying it in the homeowner’s home is the final step. Overall, a
successful home automation and monitoring using IoT project requires careful planning,
attention to detail, and a good understanding of the available IoT technologies and platforms.
The end result should be a smart home system that is easy to use, efficient, and secure,
providing homeowners with more control.

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1.5 ORGANISATION OF THE PROJECT

Introduction

• Provide an overview of the project and its objectives.

• Explain the importance and benefits of home automation and monitoring usingIoT.

Research and Planning

• Conduct market research on available IoT devices and technologies suitable for
home automation and monitoring.

• Identify specific requirements and desired features based on the target

audience.

• Plan the scope, timeline, and budget for the project.

Device Selection and Integration

▪ Evaluate and select appropriate IoT devices and sensors for various aspects of
automation (e.g., lighting, temperature control, security, etc.).

▪ Ensure compatibility and integration between different devices and platforms.

▪ Establish communication protocols and network infrastructure.

System Design

• Develop a system architecture that encompasses all the selected devices.

• Define data flow, connectivity, and interactions between different components.

• Consider scalability and future expansion possibilities.

User Interface and Design

• Design an intuitive user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) forcontrolling and
monitoring the home automation system.
• Focus on simplicity, ease of use, and customization options for homeowners.

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Documentation and Testing

• Prepare comprehensive documentation outlining the system architecture, device

specifications, and operating instructions.

• Develop user manuals or guides to helphome owners understand andutilize the

home automation and monitoring system effectively.

• Provide training sessions or workshops for homeowners to familiarize them withthe

system's features and capabilities.

Deployment and Maintenance

• Install the home automation system in the target homes, ensuring proper
connectivity and configuration.

• Conduct final testing and address any potential issues or bugs.

• Establish a maintenance plan to ensure ongoing support, updates, and

troubleshooting for the system.

Evaluation and Feedback

• Collect feedback from homeowners regarding their experience home automation
system.

• Assess the effectiveness of the system in achieving the project objectives.

• Identify areas for improvement and future enhancements based on user

feedback.

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 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY
Y. -H. Lin, et.al. [1] revised that crucial advantage of using power- mileage- possessed smart
measures is the capability to transmit electrical energy consumption data to power
serviceability ’ remote data centers for colorful purposes, similar as billing. Several useful
consumer- centric use cases can also be linked for the collection and farther analysis of
consumers ’ electrical energy consumption data from smart measures. One of the use cases
is home robotization. Recent affiliated results for home robotization involving home security
and healthcare depend on the installation of detectors and/ or other bias similar as videotape
cameras, which have high costs for installation and periodic conservation.

Because the electrical energy consumption patterns booby-trapped from smart cadence
data are reflective of resides’ diurnal life, it's possible to develop a new home robotization
approach grounded on energy corruption for smart home robotization. Consequently,Energy
corruption is used to grease the time- series cargo modeling and soothsaying medium, which
tracks appliance- position electrical energy consumption to be quantitatively modeled from
circuit- position consumption, with no protrusive deployment ofnetworked draw- position
power measures for individual electrical home appliances. For the neuro computing
approach applied in this medium, an autoregressive multilayer perceptron methodology is
compared against a piled long short- term memorymethodology. The presented neuro
computing- grounded time- series cargo modeling and soothsaying medium eased by
energy corruption is able of prognosticating resides ’ daily behavioral patterns by non-
intrusively assaying and modeling applicable electrical home appliances grounded on their
once trends for smart home robotization. Patterns by non- intrusively assaying and modeling
applicable electrical home appliances grounded on their once trends.

N. M. Allifah, et.al. [2] explained that Manufacturers of smart home consumer bias like home
theatres, music players, voice- grounded sidekicks, smart lighting, and security cameras
have extensively espoused the Internet of effects (IoT). These bias pose a significant
security threat to consumers because the bias are exposed to mobile operations and pall-
grounded services.

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Utmost current home consumer bias give little or no information about the position of
security they go. Since utmost consumers aren't tech- expertise, it's presently delicate fora
consumer to make an informed decision about which consumer device model (e.g., smart
TV model) has the stylish security. Hence, consumers need an objective security ranking of
each type (e.g., security cameras) of home consumer bias.

This paper proposes a new methodology to totally make similar security rankings for home
consumer bias. The proposed methodology can be applied by exercising data from any
security assessment study. The paper discusses former sweats in applying Analytic
Hierarchy Process (AHP) to rank security pitfalls in general. The paper also presents a
methodical check of security vulnerabilities of smart home consumer bias when viewed from
an IoT lens. Using the proposed methodology, a case study, Relative security rankings for
each type of consumer device were deduced from the AHP model. According to the AHP
model, network security was the primary motorist of smart home device security with a
precedence of0.6893 while operation security had the least precedence of0.0591. Critical
Vulnerabilities were the most important for device security (precedence =0.4397), Man- in-
The- Middle attacks for network security (precedence = 0.2019), exploitable services for pall
security (precedence = 0.26), and sensitive data for operation security (0.7626). The AHP
model was internally harmonious (thickness rate) 70. Likewise,the BCI performance of the
proposed online home appliance control system surpassed thestylish results of preliminarily
reported BCI systems for the senior. Says that the intension of this project is to change the
working culture from nonintegrated information system to integrated information system.
Especially with the application of sales information system,it will improve the company’s
performance and will affect the competitiveness of companies, which can ultimately increase
the maximum profit. This leads to drastic changes such as increasing the better business
relationships, effective and efficient working, improves the decision making and operational
activities and helps in obtaining the information.

11
V. Graveto, et.al. [3] analyzed that IoT- grounded smart grid provides numerous benefits to
both energy consumers and energy directors, similar as advanced metering functions,
bettered trust ability, and operation. Decreasingly with the rise of smart homes and smart
metropolises, security is a concern, as data networks decreasingly run resemble power
networks. Pricing good security practices are enforced in the smart home is critical.
Grounded on the recent LoRa2.4 GHz technology; a robust and largely tunable transmission
technology. This results in a network that balances performance considerations, whilst
furnishing confidentiality, integrity and authenticity through the use of symmetric key-
grounded authentication and encryption scheme.

S. Park, et.al. [4] reported that paper develops deep underpinning literacy (DRL) algorithms
for optimizing the operation of home energy system which consists of photovoltaic (PV)
panels, battery energy storehouse system, and ménage appliances. Model- free DRL
algorithms can efficiently handle the difficulty of energy system modeling and query of PV
generation. Still, separate- nonstop mongrel action space of the considered home energy
system challenges being DRL algorithms for either separate conduct or nonstop conduct.
Therefore, a mixed deep underpinning literacy (MDRL) algorithm is proposed, which
integrates deep Q-literacy (DQL) algorithm and deepdeterministic policy grade (DDPG)
algorithm. The DQL algorithm deals with separate conduct, while the DDPG algorithm
handles nonstop conduct. The MDRL algorithm learns optimal strategy by trial-and- error
relations with the terrain. Still, unsafe conduct, which violate system constraints, can give
rise to great cost. To handle similar problem, a safe- MDRL algorithm is further proposed.
Simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed MDRL algorithm can efficiently handle the
challenge from separate- nonstop mongrelaction space for home energy operation. The
proposed MDRL algorithm reduces the operation cost while maintaining the mortal thermal
comfort by comparing with standard algorithms on the test dataset. Also, the safe- MDRL
algorithm greatly reduces.

L. Kane, et.al. [5] revealed that Internet of effects is furnishing us multitudinous ways to
ameliorate our quality of experience by using smart cyber-physical structure systems. Also,
due to appearance of LED lighting systems, there's

12
The possibility to ameliorate stoner’s visual comfort at lower cost. In our proposed model,
by using a fuzzy conclusion system, used in cyber- physical structure system, we save
energy from the heating, ventilation and air exertion system. This saved energy is used to
ameliorate the visual comfort of the stoner. Simulation results show that considering the
visual comfort standard of 500 lux rather of 250 lux results in energy savings and ensures
visual comfort. Together with the preservation of thermal comfort increases the overall
druggies’ comfort. Since exploration confirms that druggies’ bettered comfort results in over
to 14of increased productivity. Our model is unique in the sense that using fuzzy sense,
laterally bettered the druggies’ productivity. By using our fuzzy sense regulator on electric
outfit, we can achieve bettered druggies’ performance without paying any redundant cost.

C. Huang, et.al. [6] found that Smart homes have been lately important sources for
furnishing exertion of Daily Living( ADL) data about their resides.ADL data can be a great
asset while assaying resides’ gets to give resides with better and optimized services. A
popular illustration is to dissect resides’ gets to prognosticate their unborn conditioning and
optimize smart homes performance consequently. This paper proposes a soothsaying frame
that utilizes ADL data to prognosticate resides’ next conditioning in a smart home terrain.
Soothsaying is performed via the confluence of bedding algorithm to render the data and
Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM)deep neural networks to reuse the data.
The proposed frame is estimated over five real ADL datasets where the trials show the
outperformance of the proposed frame withdelicacy scores ranging from98.7 to93.8.

U. Ain, et.al. [7] analyzed that A gutted sequence of successive conditioning is constructed
and used by a long short- term memory (LSTM) algorithm to prognosticate the coming
exertion. Since the last two stages depend on the exertion recognition stage, we propose to
increase its delicacy by exploiting different uprooted features. The performance of the
proposed unified approach has been estimated on real smart home Successive conditioning
is constructed and used by a long short- term memory (LSTM) algorithm to prognosticate
the coming exertion. Since the last two stages depend on the exertion recognition stage, we
propose to increae its delicacy by exploiting different.

13
Uprooted features. The performance of the proposed unified approach has been estimated
on real smart home datasets to demonstrate its capability to fete conditioning, descry
anomalies and prognosticate the coming exertion. Security personalization has come a
critical need for smart homes in recent times.

M. Mohamed, et.al. [8] says that the current approaches cannot completely satisfy this
demand of stoner- centered security. We propose a stoner-friendly approach for the
automatic configuration of home security results through policy- grounded operation,
minimizing mortal interventions, and perfecting security usability.

K. A. Alaghbari, et.al. [9] emphasized that In this paper, we proposea unified deep literacy
model for covering senior in prosecution of diurnal life conditioning similar as eating, sleeping
or taking drug. The proposed approach consists of three stages which are exertion
recognition, anomaly discovery and coming exertion vaticinator. Such a system can give
useful information for the senior, caregivers and medical brigades to identify conditioning
and induce preventative and corrective measures. In literature, these stages are bandied
independently, still, in our approach, we make use of each stage to progress into the coming
stage. At first, exertion recognition grounded on different uprooted features is performed
using a deep neural network (DNN), also an over complete-deep auto encoder (OCD- AE)
is employed to separate the normal from anomalous conditioning. Eventually, a gutted
sequence of successive conditioning is constructed and used by a long short- term memory
(LSTM) algorithm to prognosticate thecoming exertion.

D. Bringhenti, et.al. [10] reported that The current approaches cannot completely satisfy this
demand of stoner centered security. We propose a stoner-friendly approach for the
automatic configuration of home security results through policy- grounded operation,
minimizing mortal interventions, and perfecting security usability.

17
 CHAPTER 3

PROBLEM DEFINITION AND METHODOLOGIES

3.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION

The main challenges for developing such a system include integrating various smart devices
and sensors, establishing connectivity and communication between them, managing and
processing large amounts of data, ensuring security and privacy, creating a user-friendly
interface, optimizing energy consumption, and designing a scalable system that can adapt
to changing needs.

Addressing these challenges requires expertise in IoT technology, data management,

cybersecurity, and user experience design. A successful home automation and monitoring
system must be reliable, easy to use, secure, and energy efficient while providing users with
real- time control and monitoring capabilities. To overcome the challenges of developing a
home automation and monitoring system, several approaches can be taken. For example,
the use of standard communication protocols like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and ZigBee can help
establish connectivity and communication between various devices and sensors.
Additionally, cloud-based solutions can be used to manage and process large amounts of
data generated by the system.

To ensure security and privacy, the system can incorporate encryption techniques, two-
factor authentication, and other security measures to protect user data. User-friendly
interfaces can be designed using intuitive controls and visual representations to make it easy
for users to interact with the system.

Furthermore, to optimize energy consumption, the system can utilize energy- efficient
devices and implement scheduling and automation techniques that turn off or reduce energy
consumption when devices are not in use. Finally, to make the system scalable, it can be
designed to easily accommodate new devices and sensors and adapt to changing user
needs. Overall, the problem definition for home automation and monitoring using IoT
involves addressing several technical, usability, security, and energy efficiency challenges.
Successfully developing such a system requires a multidisciplinary approach that
incorporates expertise in IoT, data management, cybersecurity, and user experience design.

18
Apart from the technical and design challenges, there are also social and ethical issues that
need to be considered while developing a home automation and monitoring system. For
example, privacy concerns can arise due to the collection and use of personal data
generated by the system. The system must be designed in such a way that it provides
transparency and control to users over their data. Additionally, the use of home automation
and monitoring systems can raise questions about the impact of technology on human
behavior and social interactions. The system must be designed to enhance the user
experience and not replace human interactions. The system must be accessible to people
of all abilities, including people with disabilities, elderly individuals, and children.The
system must be designed to be easy to use and operate for people with different levelsof
technical expertise. Finally, the system must be developed with sustainability in mind, taking
into consideration the environmental impact of the devices and technologies used inthe
system. The system should promote energy conservation and reduce waste by using
recyclable materials and minimizing the use of non-renewable resources. Collection and use
of personal data generated by the system. The system must be designed in such a waythat
it provides transparency and control to users over their data.

Additionally, the use of home automation and monitoring systems can raise questions about
the impact of technology on human behavior and social interactions. The system must be
designed to enhance the user experience and not replace human interactions.

The system must be accessible to people of all abilities, including people with disabilities,
elderly individuals, and children. The system must be designed to be easy to use and
operate for people with different levels of technical expertise.

Finally, the system must be developed with sustainability in mind, taking into consideration
the environmental impact of the devices and technologies used in the system. The system
should promote energy conservation and reduce waste by using recyclable materials and
minimizing the use of non-renewable resources.

Conclusion, the problem definition for home automation and monitoring using IoT involves
addressing various technical, usability, security, and energy efficiency, social, ethical, and
environmental challenges. Successfully developing such a system requires a holistic
approach that considers the needs and concerns of users, society, and the environment.

19
3.2 EXISTING SYSYTEM

In this project, devices are controlled either by giving voice commands or giving commands
through a user friendly interface. Node MCU and Raspberry are the two boardsbeing used.
The devices connected to the Node MCU can be controlled by giving voice commands with
the help of an android app and internet connection. The functionalities are taken care of by
the android application named IFTTT. The devices that are connected to the Raspberry Pi
can be controlled through a user friendly interface. The raspberry pi has sensors like
temperature sensor, light sensor and IR sensor connected to it in order to automate the
process of switching on and off devices like light and fan based on presence detection which
is achieved through IR sensor as well as the values that are sensed by the other sensors.

DISADVANTAGES

• Home automation and monitoring using IoT has some potential disadvantages,
including security risks, dependence on technology, complexity and cost,
compatibility issues, privacy concerns, and energy consumption. To mitigate these
risks, homeowners

• Measures such as ensuring device security, choosing trusted manufacturers,

protecting privacy, and ensuring proper integration of the system.

• Despite these potential disadvantages, the benefits of home automation and

monitoring using IoT can be significant, including increased convenience, energy
savings, improved security, and enhanced comfort and well-being in the home.

• The risks and taking steps to mitigate them, homeowners can fully enjoy the
benefits of home automation and monitoring using IoT technology.

• It is important for homeowners to be mindful of the potential impact that home

automation and monitoring systems can have on their daily lives. Therefore, it is
essential to strike a balance between automation and human interaction to ensure
that the home remains a comfortable and nurturing space.

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3.3 PROPOSED SYSTEM

The deployment of a low-cost home automation system within the context of assistive
technology was demonstrated in the current project. The Arduino microcontroller is used in
the system's implementation, which has been programmed to control a range of home
automation devices based on sensor signals and on direct commands by the user. The
system has been programmed to have Bluetooth communication capability. Demonstrations
of the system show that it facilitates the control of home-based devices such as electrical
appliances, lights, heating, cooling systems, and security devices by the intended users
especially the elderly and handicapped persons. Overall, this project's implementation has
been successful. The goal of making the project user friendly and cost-effective is
considered and accomplish.

ADVANTAGES

• Home automation and monitoring using IoT offers numerous advantages for
homeowners. It can increase convenience by simplifying tasks and allowing for
remote
• Control of devices and appliances. IoT devices can also help homeowners reduce
their energy consumption and save money on utility bills by automating energy
usage and identifying inefficiencies. Additionally, home monitoring systems can
provide an extra layer of security, allowing homeowners to remotely monitor and
control their homes, even when they are away. Finally, home automation and
monitoring using IoT can improve comfort and well-being by creating a more
personalized and responsive home environment.
• Moreover, IoT technology allows for greater personalization of the home
environment, which can enhance comfort and well-being. By collecting dataabout
temperature, lighting, and other environmental factors, IoT devices can adjust
settings to match
• Individual preferences and needs. This can create a more responsive and
comfortable home environment that promotes relaxation and productivity.

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3.4 ALGORITHM

3.4.1 Sensor Data Collection Algorithm

This algorithm involves collecting data from various sensors and devices such as
temperature sensors, motion sensors, and security cameras. The algorithm determines the
frequency of data collection and the type of data to be collected.

3.4.2 Data Processing and Analysis Algorithm

This algorithm involves processing and analyzing the data collected by the sensors to
identify patterns, detect anomalies, and provide useful insights. Machine learning algorithms
can be used to automate this process.

3.4.3 Data Processing Algorithm

This algorithm involves triggering actions based on the insights gained from the data
analysis. For example, the algorithm can automatically adjust the temperature, turn on lights,
or send an alert to the homeowner's smartphone if there is suspicious activity detected.

3.4.4 Communication Algorithm

This algorithm involves communicating with the IoT devices and sensors through an IoT
platform that allows for easy integration and communication between all the devices and
sensors. The algorithm ensures that the devices and sensors are connected and working
correctly.

3.4.5 Security Algorithm

This algorithm involves implementing security measures such as authentication, encryption,

and access control to prevent unauthorized access to the IoT system.

3.4.6 Refining Algorithm

This algorithm involves continuously improving the performance, efficiency, and

effectiveness of the home automation and monitoring system. This could involve making
changes to the rules and triggers to better meet the project objectives or implementing
machine learning algorithms to automate decision-making processes.

22
 CHAPTER 4

DESIGN PROCESS

4.1 OVERALL SYSTEM ARCHITECHTURE

Figure.4.1: System Architecture of Home Automation and Monitoring

Figure.4.2: General Block Diagram

23
4.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

The hardware components and their respective requirements that are used in the
proposedsystem are listed in
Table 4.1: Hardware Requirements

NO COMPONENT QUANTITY USED

NAME
01 Bluetooth Module (HC- 01 To direct
05) communication.
02 Microcontroller- 01 To Control the
ATmega328P(Arduino System.
UNO)
03 Relay Module 01 To switching.

04 Arduino compiler To compile code.

05 Arduino voice control 01 To giving command.

app
06 Ac to dc power supply 02 Power Supply

07 LCD Display 19 Showing Text

09 Load 03 Showing Output.

4.3 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

The software components and their respective specifications that are used in the
proposedsystem are listed in

Table 4.2: Software Requirements

Operating
System Windows
Coding
Embedded C
Language
Tool Arduino IDE

24
WORKING PROCESS OF THE CIRCUIT

The Voice Control Home Automation project operated by a free application known as
“ARDUINO BLUETOOTH CONTROLLER”. This application operate the various appliances
attached to our Arduino UNO and relays. Once the toggle switch on theapplying are press,
corresponding Bluetooth signals are transfer data from our android cell phone to the
Bluetooth module we've attached to our Arduino. The Arduino finds out that the signal was
sent and compares it to the predefined signals appointed for every appliance. Once it
recognize that signal, the Arduino turn on the relay connected to its digital pin by carrying
out 5V through it. Thus the relay is turn on and also the similar appliance connected to the
relay is turned one exactly same way. To turn it OFF, Arduino UNO transfer 0V or logic low
to its digital pin.

4.4 COMPONENT DESCRIPTION

DESCRIPTION OF BLUETOOTH MODULE (HC-05)

Nowadays, everything goes wireless. Phones, computers, game controllers, everything.

Wireless technology has allowed us to use electronic devices with AN unbound freedom that
simply is not possible with awkward cables hanging off our device. There are several kinds
of wireless property like Wi-FI, Cellular Data, Zigbee, however, one among the foremost in
style and wide used wireless protocols is Bluetooth. Whilst the Bluetooth HC-
5 standard was declared earlier this year (2018), we’ll be taking a look at using the Bluetooth
4.2 standard because it is most typically on the market at the instant.

HC-05 module is a simple to utilize Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol) module, intended
for straightforward remote sequential association setup. The HC-05 Bluetooth Module can
be utilized in a Master or Slave setup, making it an incredible answer for remote
correspondence. This sequential port Bluetooth module is completely qualified Bluetooth
V2.0+EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) 3Mbps Modulation with complete 2.4GHz radio handset
and base band. It utilizes CSR Blue-center 04‐External single chip Bluetooth framework with
CMOS innovation and with AFH (Adaptive Frequency Hopping Feature).The Bluetooth
module HC-05 is a MASTER/SLAVE module. As a matter of course the processing plant
setting is SLAVE. The Role of the module (Master or Slave) can be designed just by AT
COMMANDS.

25
 Figure.4.3: Bluetooth Module

Table 4.3: List of Pins.

SL. PIN NAME DESCRIPTION

1 +5V or 3.3V +5V supply or Power Pin.

2 TX The Data/Command to be transmitted is sent

through this pin.

3 RX The Received data is read

from thispin.
4 KEY/EN Input pin, which alters module between the Data
mode and the AT Command mode.

5 STATE Output pin, the state of the module is indicated

through this pin.

6 GROUND 0V / GND or Power Pin

26
ARDUINO VOICE APPLICATION

Figure 4.4: Home page of Android Apps

BASIC DESCRIPTION OF COMMAND UNIT

Discover the world of Arduino, an innovative platform that combines hardware and software
to enable easy prototyping of electronic projects. Whether you're an artist, designer,
hobbyist, or simply curious about creating interactive objects, Arduino provides aversatile
and user-friendly solution. At the heart of the commend unit lies an Arduino equipment board
equipped with an AVR microcontroller. This powerful board, programmed using the Arduino
1.6.8 software, allows us to effortlessly customize the behavior of the AVR IC to meet our
specific requirements.

Arduino embraces an open-source philosophy, making it accessible to a wide range of users.

The board's microcontroller is programmed using the Arduino language, which is based on
Wiring, and the Arduino development environment, built on Processing. The Arduino UNO,
the microcontroller board of choice for our project, features numerous capabilities. With its
ATmega328 microcontroller, it offers fourteen digital I/O pins, six of which can be configured
as pulse width modulation outputs. Additionally, it provides six analog inputs, a 16 MHz
ceramic resonator for precise timing, a USB port for easyconnectivity to a computer, an
impact jack, an ICSP header, and a reset push button. It truly encompasses everything
required to support the microcontroller, allowing effortless connection to a laptop through a
USB link or powering it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery.

27
Now, with the commend unit and its Arduino foundation, we embark on a journey to explore
the possibilities of voice applications. By leveraging the power of Arduino, we can create a
seamless integration between hardware and voice-controlled interactions, opening up new
realms of innovation and interactivity. Imagine a home automation system where you can
control lights, appliances, and other devices simply by speaking commands. Or envision a
voice-controlled robot that responds to your voice prompts, performing tasks with precision.
The Arduino Voice Application empowers you to turn your ideas into reality, bridging the gap
between your imagination and tangible, voice-enabled experiences.

With the Arduino Voice Application, the possibilities are limited only by your creativity. Join
us on this exciting adventure of crafting intelligent, voice-driven solutions that redefine the
way we interact with technology.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ARDUINO UNO

Figure 4.5: Arduino UNO

28
 Table 4.4: Specification of Arduino

Microcontroller ATmega328

Operating Voltage 5V

Supply 7-12V
Voltage(recommended)

Maximum supply voltage 20V

(notrecommended)

Digital INPUT/OUTPUT Pins Fourteen (of which six provide )

Analog Input Pins Six

DC INPUT/OUTPUT Current per 40 Ma

Pin

DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA

32 KB (ATmega328) of which
Flash Memory 0.5utilized by boot
loader

SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)

DESCRIPTION OF MICROCONTROLLER ATmega328

Figure 4.6: Arduino UNO

29
With a total of fourteen digital I/O pins, including six that can be used as pulse width
modulation outputs, the UNO provides ample flexibility for connecting and controllingvarious
components. Additionally, it offers six analog inputs, allowing you to interface with sensors
and capture precise measurements. The inclusion of a 16 MHz ceramic resonator ensures
accurate timing for your applications. Connectivity is a breeze with the Arduino UNO. It
comes equipped with a USB port, enabling seamless communication with your computer.
Whether you want to program the microcontroller or exchange data, the USB link serves as
a convenient gateway. Furthermore, an impact jack, ICSP header, and resetpush button
complete the array of hardware interfaces, ensuring a smooth development experience.
What sets the UNO apart from its predecessors is its unique USB-to-serial conversion
capability. Unlike previous boards that relied on the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip, the UNO
leverages the modified Atmega328 as a built-in converter. This innovation streamlines the
communication process and simplifies the setup, making it easier than ever to get started
with your projects.
The name "UNO" symbolizes its significance in the Arduino ecosystem, marking the
anticipation of Arduino 1.0. As the reference model for the Arduino platform, the UNO sets
the standard for future development. It represents the latest addition to the family of USB
Arduino boards, embodying the evolution of the Arduino concept.
With its comprehensive features and seamless connectivity, the Arduino UNO empowers
you to bring your ideas to life. Whether you're a beginner exploring the world of electronics
or an experienced maker pushing the boundaries of innovation, the UNO is your trusted
companion.
Embrace the possibilities offered by the Arduino UNO. Unleash your imagination, dive into
the vast community of Arduino enthusiasts, and let your projects shine. With the UNO as
your ally, the journey of discovery and creation is just beginning. Step into a world of endless
innovation with the Arduino UNO by your side.

DESCRIPTION OF RELAY MODULE

A relay module is a crucial component in home automation and monitoring systems using
IoT. It plays a vital role in controlling and managing electrical devices or appliances remotely.
The relay module acts as an interface between the automation system and the devices being
controlled, enabling the automation system to turn them on or off as needed.

30
The relay module consists of an electromechanical relay, which is an electrically operated
switch. It typically has multiple input channels and output channels, allowing it to control
multiple devices simultaneously. The input channels receive signals from the automation
system, while the output channels connect to the devices or appliances that need to be
controlled.

When the automation system sends a command to the relay module, it energizes the
electromechanical relay, which then switches the output channels on or off. This action
allows the electrical current to flow or be interrupted, effectively controlling the devices
connected to the relay module. A small current can effortlessly flip the switch and, in turn,
power up another device that requires a significantly larger current. Why is this ability so
valuable? Well, consider the fact that many sensors are incredibly sensitive and can only
produce small electrical currents. However, we often require these delicate sensors to
operate larger equipment that demands higher currents. This is where relays come into play,
acting as the bridge that connects the two worlds. They empower small currents to activate
and control larger ones.

Figure 4.7: Relay Module

31
BASIC ARDUINO SOFTWARE

Figure 4.8: Arduino IDE Software

At the heart of this software ecosystem lies the Arduino Integrated Development
Environment (IDE), a comprehensive package that empowers programmers to bring their
ideas to life. Within the IDE, you'll find a versatile text editor that allows for seamless code
creation. Coupled with a message space, text console, toolbar equipped with commonly
used functions, and a series of menus, the IDE provides a unified platform forall your
programming needs. Its purpose extends beyond mere code creation—it serves asthe
conduit between your computer and the Arduino board, facilitating program transfer and
communication.
Programs written within the Arduino Software (IDE) are affectionately referred to as
sketches. These sketches are created and saved in the text editor, bearingThe editor
boasts essential features such as cut, paste, search, and replace, enhancing the efficiency
of your coding endeavors. The message area acts as a source of feedback, offering insights
during the process of saving and exporting, while also displaying errors attention. The
console, on the other hand, presents a stream of text output from the Arduino software (IDE),
showcasing comprehensive error messages and valuable information. To complete the
interface, the bottom right-hand corner of the window showcases the selected board and
port, ensuring a streamlined development experience.

32
To navigate the Arduino software, a collection of intuitive toolbar buttons awaits you. These
buttons empower you to verify and transfer your programs to the Arduino board effortlessly.
Additionally, you can create, open, and save sketches with a simple click, andexplore the
serial monitor to monitor and interact with your Arduino projects.
Embrace the power of the Arduino software ecosystem, where creativity knows no bounds.
Whether you're a seasoned programmer or a curious beginner, the Arduino IDE welcomes
you to a world of endless possibilities. Unleash your imagination, craft remarkable sketches,
and watch as your ideas come to life with the seamless integrationof hardware and
software. The Arduino software is your gateway to a realm of innovation and invention.

DESCRIPTION OF LCD DISPLAY 16X2

Figure 4.9: LCD Display

An LCD (liquid crystal display) is a flat and thin display device that consists of an array of
pixels arranged in either color or monochrome format. Each pixel contains a column of liquid
molecules suspended between two transparent electrodes, along with two polarizing filters
oriented perpendicularly to each other. The LCD display remains inactive when the data
lines are in a tristate, ensuring they do not disrupt the microcontroller's operation. This
allows data to be placed at any desired location on the LCD.

33
WIRES
Female to Male Jumper Wire. Male to Male jumper wire. In this project we need couples of
Female to Male and Male to Male jumper wire. That is for connecting Bluetooth module
and relay module to the Arduino UNO board.

POWER SUPPLY
An AC adapter, AC/DC adapter, or AC/DC converter is a type of external power supply,
typically enclosed during a case like to an AC plug. In the power supply section, we use one
step down transformer to step down the voltage from 220-volt ac to 9-volt dc. The output of
the transformer is further connected to the two diode circuit. Here two diode work as a full
wave rectifier circuit. The output of the full wave rectifier is now filtered by the capacitor.
Capacitor converts the pulsating dc into smooth dc with the help of charging anddischarging
effect. The output of the capacitor is now regulated by the IC 7805 regulator.IC 7805
provides a 5-volt regulation to the circuit and provides a regulated 5-volt power supply. The
output of the regulator is currently once more filter by the capacitor. In the output of the
capacitor, we use one resistor and one led in series to produce a visible indication to the
circuit.

Figure 4.10: 12V Power supply

34
4.5 METHODOLOGIES

AUDIO CAPTURE
The module captures the user's voice input through a microphone or other audio input
devices. The audio capture module in an IoT project is responsible for capturing audio input
from a microphone or audio input device. It plays a crucial role in enabling voice- based
interaction and monitoring within the system. The module focuses on capturing high-quality
audio data and preparing it for further processing or transmission to other components of
the IoT system. The selection of an appropriate audio input device is essential to ensure
accurate and reliable audio capture. The module facilitates voice commands, voice
recognition, audio analysis, and other voice- based functionalities within the IoT project.

PREPROCESSING

The captured audio is preprocessed to remove background noise, normalize volumelevels,

and enhance the quality of the voice signal. Preprocessing is an important step in IoT
projects that involves preparing data for further analysis, processing, or transmission within
the system. In the context of IoT projects, preprocessing refers to the manipulation and
transformation of raw data collected from sensors or input devices to make it suitable for
subsequent stages. It typically includes activities such as filtering, cleaning, normalizing,
and formatting data to improve its quality, consistency, and compatibility with the specific
requirements of the project. Preprocessing ensures that the data is in a usable and reliable
format, enabling effective analysis, decision- making, and integration with other
components of the IoT system.

ARDUINO

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform that can be used to build a wide range of
projects related to home automation and monitoring using IoT. Some popular Arduino
modules and shields used for home automation and monitoring, Shield, Wi-Fi Shield, and
GSM Shield. These modules allow Arduino to connect to the internet and communicate with
other IoT-enabled devices and sensors to control and monitor various aspects of the home,
such as lighting, temperature, security.

35
NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING

The recognized text is further processed using natural language processing (NLP)
techniques. NLP helps to interpret the user's intent, extract relevant information, and
understand the context of the spoken command or query. Natural Language Processing
(NLP) is a key technology used in IoT projects to enable understanding and processingof
human language in a more contextual and meaningful way.It involves the use ofalgorithms
and techniques to analyze and interpret natural language input, such as text or voice, to
extract relevant information, identify intents, and understand the context of the
communication. In the context of IoT projects, NLP plays a crucial role in enhancing user
interactions and enabling intelligent, conversational interfaces. It allows users to
communicate with IoT systems using natural language commands, queries, or requests,
making the interaction more intuitive and user-friendly.

THE ANDROID APP DEVELOPMENT

Module in home automation and monitoring using IoT focuses on creating a user-friendly
mobile application that allows homeowners to control and monitor their smart home devices
and systems conveniently from their Android devices. This module plays a crucial role in
enabling seamless interaction between users and the IoT-based home automation system.
Android app development for IoT projects involves creating a mobile application specifically
designed for Android devices to control and interact with connected IoT devices and
systems.

The app serves as a user-friendly interface for users to manage, monitor, and customize
their IoT devices and services. It enables users to control various aspects of their IoT
ecosystem, such as adjusting settings, receiving notifications, and accessing real-time data.
The Android app development process includes designing an intuitive user interface (UI),
integrating connectivity features, implementing device control functionalities, ensuring
compatibility with different IoT devices and protocols, implementing security measures, and
conducting thorough testing to ensure reliability and performance. The Android app acts as a
central hub for users to seamlessly connect and interact with their IoT devices, enhancing.

36
 CHAPTER 5

IMPLEMENTATION

INTRODUCTION
This is one of the most important chapters of this report. In this chapter we will show our
completed project outlook that means Connection law &operation representation of our
project. We will discuss about component’s interfacing with Arduino UNO of our system.

5.1 INTERFACING OF BLUETOOTH (HC-05)

The interfacing of Bluetooth in home automation and monitoring using IoT allows for wireless
communication and control between smart devices and the central automation system.
Bluetooth technology enables devices to connect and exchange data over short distances,
making it suitable for local communication within a home.
The interfacing of Bluetooth in home automation and monitoring using IoT allows for wireless
communication and control between smart devices and the central automation system.
Bluetooth technology enables devices to connect and exchange data over short distances,
making it suitable for local communication within a home.

Module HC-05 is connected with Arduino, by attaching its one Data pin D0 and D1 with
respectively and Module HC-05 operates on 5 volts.

Figure 5.1: Interfacing Of HC-05

37
5.2 INTERFACING WITH APPLICATION

Figure 5.2: Interfacing with Application

At first, we need to unlock your smartphone, we need to turn ON our Bluetooth in the setting
option. Then we need to connect our HC-05 with our smartphone. If any password or pin is
asked for pair then we need to dial "1234" as like Fig 5.2(a). Then we need to open our Android
application. Go to settings option and press connect robot as like Fig 5.2(a). Then we see our
device is connected with our Android application. Now we are ready to use our device. if we
want to connect a new smartphone then we need to disconnect our paired device and then
we can connect our new device.

Figure 5.3: Interfacing of Application

After pairing we need to connect the Bluetooth with voice app, we need to give voice
commend to control the project, as example light (ON/OFF), TV (ON/OFF).

38
5.3 INTERFACING WITH RELAY MODULE

The below figure shows that how to connect a relay module with the Arduino UNO.

Figure 5.4: Interfacing with Relay

Interfacing with a relay module in home automation and monitoring systems allows for the
remote control and management of electrical devices or appliances. Provide the necessary
power supply to the relay module. This typically involves connecting the appropriate voltage
(e.g., 5V or 12V) to the power terminals of the module. Ensure that the power supply matches
the relay module's specifications. Relay Module have 5pins. 1 pin is for deliver through the
Arduino board and 4 other pins for 4 channel 5V relay module. In this project weare using four
relays for switching the connected three devices. We are use only the fourpin. That pins are
the output of our project. As per code we use the four pins D4, D5, D6 and D7 in the Arduino
Board.

39
5.4 LOADS INTERFACING

Figure 5.5: Interfacing with Loads

Interfacing with loads in home automation and monitoring systems involves connecting
electrical devices or appliances to the control system to enable remote control and monitoring.
The loads are connected to relay module. In this project we are using three loads as per
example. There are three pins in each relay. NC (Normally Close), NO (Normally Open), and
Common pin. All the common pins are going to line voltage (220v AC)negative side and all
the neutrals of the loads go to positive side of line voltage. A wireis connected to NO
pin.

40
 CHAPTER 6
6.1 RESULT

We have proposed a voice control home automation system that operates by switching on
the firs tlight when the power is turned on. The entire system has been designed and tested
to enable wireless control of home appliances. The wireless functionality is made possible
through the integration of a Bluetooth module. Throughout the implementation and testing
process, our project has proven to be effective, providing fast response times, ensuring
security, and offering ease of construction. The output of the system clearly demonstrates its
successful functioning.
Our voice control home automation system has been successfully implemented and tested.
By establishing communication with an Android phone and utilizing preset voice commands,
we are able to wirelessly control various home appliances. The integration of a Bluetooth
module enables seamless connectivity and control. With a focus on effectiveness, our system
exhibits fast response times, ensuring prompt execution of commands. It also prioritizes
security, providing a safe and reliable automation solution for the user. Moreover, the system
is designed with ease of construction in mind, making it accessible for users to set up and
operate. Overall, our project has demonstrated its capabilities in delivering efficient and
convenient home automation through voice control.

6.2 ANALYSIS

Home automation and monitoring using IoT is a rapidly growing trend that has the potential
to revolutionize the way we live in our homes. In this section, we will discuss the implications
of this technology, as well as some of the challenges that need to be addressedin order to
fully realize its potential.

One of the key implications of home automation and monitoring using IoT is the convenience
it offers. With a wide range of smart devices and sensors available, homeowners can now
automate and control various aspects of their homes using a single interface, such as a
smartphone or tablet. This can include everything from adjusting the temperature and lighting
to monitoring home security and energy usage. By automating these tasks, homeowners can
save time and energy, and focus on other important aspects of their lives.

41
Smart cameras and sensors can be used to monitor the home for intruders, while smart locks
can be used to control access to the home. Additionally, homeowners can receive real-time
notifications and alerts on their smartphones or tablets if any unusual activity is detected. This
can give homeowners peace of mind and help to prevent break-ins and theft.
Home automation and monitoring using IoT can also improve the quality of life for people with
disabilities or mobility issues. Smart home devices such as voice assistants, smart doorbells,
and automated lighting can make it easier for people with disabilities to control and monitor
their homes independently.

One of the main concerns is data privacy and security. With so many devices connected to
the internet, there is a risk that sensitive information could be intercepted or hacked,
potentially putting homeowners at risk. As such, it is important for homeowners to choose
reliable and secure devices and to take steps to protect their home networks.

As the number of IoT-enabled devices continues to grow, it is important for manufacturers to

ensure that their devices are compatible with a wide range of other products and systems, to
avoid creating silos that limit the functionality and interoperability of the system as a whole.

42
 CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

7.1 CONCLUSION

The Voice Control Home Automation project is based on a microcontroller system and has
proven to be highly effective in various applications such as home appliances and industrial
automation. The system utilizes a Bluetooth module to receive data from an Android app
called "Bro's Home Automation." This data is then transmitted to an Arduino UNO board,
which controls the switches of a relay module. All the connected loads are managed through
the relays. After successfully completing the project, we have gained valuable knowledge,
accumulated experiences, and achieved our desired outcome with great satisfaction. This
project has provided us with valuable technical skills that will continue to benefit us throughout
our careers.

7.2 FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

Integrating Bluetooth technology enhances the capabilities of this monitoring system,

enabling its application in various fields. In industrial settings, the system can be extended
to develop mobile robots for automation purposes. Looking ahead, we envision a future where
everyday devices connected to microcontrollers will operate wirelessly, utilizing not just
Bluetooth but also upcoming technologies. As we progress, the incorporation of mechanical
components and advanced alarm systems will further enhance the practicality and efficiency
of this system.
The future of home automation and monitoring using IoT holds exciting possibilities for
enhancement and advancement. Key areas of improvement include enhanced integration
and interoperability among devices and platforms, the integration of artificial intelligence and
machine learning for intelligent automation, voice and natural language control for more
intuitive interactions, advanced sensors and IoT devices for comprehensive data gathering,
and a continued focus on energy efficiency and sustainability. These enhancements aim to
provide homeowners with a seamless, personalized, and intelligent smart home experience
that offers convenience, energy savings, and improved quality of life. With ongoing
technological advancements and increasing adoption of IoT, the future of home automation
promising.

43
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Available:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804 515002891.

[18]B. B. Zarpelão, R. S. Miani, C. T. Kawakani, and S. C. de Alvarenga,‘‘A survey of intrusion

detection in Internet of Things,’’ J. Network Computer. Appl., vol.84, pp. 25–
37,Apr.2017,doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2017.

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[19]J. Pedro and S. Silva, ‘‘Aplicação de interface com sistema Domótico EIB engenharia
informatics e de compotators,’’ M.S. thesis, 2007.

[20]C. B. Jones, C. Carter, and Z. Thomas, ‘‘Intrusion detection & response using an
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INTO-CPS—Integrated Tool Chain for Model based Design of Cyber-Physical Systems.
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[21]J. C. Mace, C. Morisset, K. Pierce, C. Gamble, C. Maple, and J. Fitzgerald, ‘‘A multi-
modelling based approach to assessing security of smart buildings,’’

[22]S. Ramapatruni, S. N. Narayanan, S. Mittal, A. Joshi, and K. Joshi, ‘‘Anomaly detection

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document/8819458.

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 CHAPTER 8

APPENDIX -A

A1- SOURCE CODE

Important Initialization &

Setup-#include
<LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystallcd(A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5);
intlight=6;
int fan=3
inttv=4;intac=5;
int led=8;
Stringvoice;
inti=0; intpos;
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(light,
OUTPUT);
pinMode(fan, OUTPUT);
pinMode(tv, OUTPUT);
pinMode(ac, OUTPUT);
pinMode(led,OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(light,
LOW);

digitalWrite(fan, LOW);
digitalWrite(tv, LOW);
digitalWrite(ac, LOW);
Serial.begin(9600);
lcd.begin(16,2);
lcd.print("VOICE ACTIVATED");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("HOMEAUTOMATION");
47
}
void loop()
{
while (Serial.available()){ //Check if there is an available byte to
readdelay(10); //Delay added to make thing stable

char c = Serial.read();
//Conduct a serial readif(c== '#') {break;}
//Exit the loop when the # is detected after the word voice += c;
//Shorthand for voice = voice + c

}
if (voice.length() > 0){ if(voice=="*turn on light")
{
digitalWrite(light,HIGH);
Serial.println("lighton");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print(" **LIGHT ON**");
}
else if(voice=="*turn off light")
{
digitalWrite(light,LOW);
Serial.println("light off");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print(" **LIGHT OFF**");
}
else if(voice=="*turn on fan")
{
digitalWrite(fan,HIGH);

Serial.println("fan on");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print(" **FAN ON**");

48
}
else if(voice=="*turn off fan")
{
digitalWrite(fan,LOW);
Serial.println("fan off");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print(" **FAN OFF**");
}
else if(voice=="*turn on TV")
{
digitalWrite(tv,HIGH);
Serial.println("tv on");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print(" **TV ON**");
}
else if(voice=="*turn off TV")
{
digitalWrite(tv,LOW);
Serial.println("tv off");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print(" **TV OFF**");

}
else if(voice=="*turn on AC")
{
digitalWrite(ac,HIGH);
Serial.println("acon");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("**AC RUNING**");
}
else if(voice=="*turn off AC")
{

digitalWrite(ac,LOW);
Serial.println("ac off");
lcd.clear();
49
lcd.print("**ACOFF**");
}
else if(voice=="*turn on all")
{
digitalWrite(ac,HIGH);
digitalWrite(light,HIGH
);
digitalWrite(fan,HIGH);
digitalWrite(tv,HIGH);

Serial.println("allon");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print(" **ALLON**");
}
else if(voice=="*turn off all")
{
digitalWrite(ac,LOW);
digitalWrite(light,LOW);
digitalWrite(fan,LOW);
digitalWrite(tv,LOW);
Serial.println("alloff");
lcd.clear();lcd.print(" **ALL OFF**");
}
digitalWrite(led,1);
delay(100);
digitalWrite(led,0);
delay(100);
}

50
A2 – SCREENSHOTS

Figure 8.1: Screenshots

51
A3 SIMILARITY INDEX REPORT

52
 9. TECHNICAL BIOGRAPHY

MR. MOHAMED MUNAVAR HUSSAIN Y(190071601110) was born on 10th March

2002 in Madurai, he completed his 12th grade in 2019, Currently pursuing his B.Tech degree
in Computer Science and Engineering in B.S.Abdur Rahman Crescent institute of science and
Technology, his interest is in Software Development, Cybersecurity and Automations, he also
has experience in Python, C++.

MR. AFLAL AHMAD A V (190071601065) was born on 28th JUNE 2002 in Lalpet, he
completed his 12th grade in 2019, Currently pursuing his B.Tech degree in Computer Science
and Engineering in B.S.Abdur Rahman Crescent institute of science and Technology, his
interest is in Front end development. He also has experience in HTMLCSS, Java and C++.

53