EXCEL ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(Autono mous)
B.E./B.Tech.(Full Time)
Depart ment of Inf ormat ion Techno log y
20CS201 PROBLEM SOLVING USING PYTHON
Regu lations 2020
UNIT III
Prepared by: K.Ashokkumar, AP/IT

PART A 2Marks

1. Define conditional statement and its types.

Conditional statementshelp you to make a decision based on certain conditions.
These conditions are specified by a set of conditional statements having Boolean expressions
which are evaluatedto a Boolean value of true or false.
Types.
 Conditional if or Simple if
 Alternative if… else

Chained if…elif…else
 Nested if….else
2. Quote the rules for a conditional statement and define indentation.
Rules for a conditional statement
A conditional statement is a statement that can be written in the form “If P then Q, ” where P
and Q are sentences. For this conditional statement, P is called the hypothesis and Q is called the
conclusion. Intuitively, “If P then Q” means that Q must be true whenever P is true .
Indentation
Python uses four spaces as default indentation spaces. However, the number of
spaces can be anything; it is up to the user. But a minimum of one space is needed to indent a
statement.The first line of python code cannot have an indentation.

3. Differentiate alternate IF statement and chained IF statement with examples.

alternate IF statement

The statement itself says if a given condition is true then execute the statements present inside
the “if block” and if the condition is false then execute the “else” block.

num = 5
if(num > 10):
print(“number is greater than 10”)
else:
print(“number is less than 10”)

Chained IF statement
Chained conditionals are simply a "chain" or a combination or multiple
conditions. We can combine conditions using the following three key words:
and, or, not
food = input ("What is your favorite food? ")
drink = input("What is your favorite drink? ")

if food == "pizza" and drink == "juice":

print("Those are my favorite as well!")
 else:
print("One of those is not my favorite")

4. Label chained IF and nested IF, with necessary examples.

Chained IF
Chained conditionals are simply a "chain" or a combination or multiple conditions.
We can combine conditions using the following three key words:
and, or, not
Example:
food = input("What is your favorite food? ")
drink = input("What is your favorite drink? ")
if food = = "pizza" and drink = = "juice":
print("Those are my favorite as well!")
else:
print("One of those is not my favorite")

Nested “if-else
 Nested “if-else” statements mean that an “if” statement or “if-else” statement is
present inside another if or if-else block. Python provides this feature as well, this in turn
will help us to check multiple conditions in a given program.
 An “if” statement is present inside another “if” statement which is present inside another
“if” statements and so

Example:

answer = input ("What is your age? ")

if int(answer) >= 18:
answer = input("What country do you live in? ")
if answer = = "canada":
print("Me as well!")
else:
print("Oh, I do not live there.")

5. What is an Iteration technique and spell about block of statements?

Iteration technique
 In Python, the iterativestatements are also known as looping statements or repetitive
statements.
 The iterativestatements are used to execute a part of the program repeatedlyas long as a
given condition is true.
Block of statements
A block is a piece of Python program text that is executed as a unit. The following are
blocks: a module, a function body, and a class definition. Each command typed interactivelyis
a block.

6. List out the Looping statements.

The three types of looping statements are:

 while
 for
 nested loop
7. State the Loop control statements.

i.break statement.
Break statements can alter the flow of a loop. It terminatesthe current Loop and executes
the remaining statement outside the loop. If the loop has else statement, that will also get
terminatedand come out of the loop completely.
ii.continue statement.
It terminatesthe current iterationand transfer the control to the next iterationin the loop.
iii. pass statement.
It is used when a statement is required syntactically but you don’t want any code to
execute. It is a null statement,nothing happens when it is executed

8. Write a syntax (i) nested for loop, (ii) nested while loop.
(i) nested for loop

for condition1:
#statement()
for condition 2
# inside statement()
(ii)Syntax nested for loop
Outer_loop Expression:
Inner_loop Expression:
Statement inside inner_loop
Statement inside Outer_loop

9. Infer about Pass statement in Python.

 It is used when a statement is required syntactically but you don’t want
any code to execute.
 It is a null statement, nothing happens when it is executed.

10. Define function and state the necessary syntax for it.
 A function is a block of code which only runs when it is called. You can pass data, known
as parameters, into a function.
 In Python, you define a function with the def keyword, then write the function identifier
(name) followed by parentheses and a colon.
 The next thing you have to do is make sure you indent with a tab or 4 spaces, and then
specify what you want the function to do for you.

Syntax
def functionName():
# What to make the function do

11. Compare built in function & user defined function with necessary examples.
 Functions that we define ourselves to do certain specific task are referred as user-defined
functions
 Functions that readily come with Python are called built-in functions. If we use functions
written by others in the form of library, it can be termed as library functions.
Example
 def add_numbers(x,y):
sum=x+y
return sum
num=5
num=6
Print(“the sum is”,add_numbers(num1,num2))

 In above example Here, we have defined the function my_addition() which adds two numbers
and returns the result. This is our user-defined function.
 In above example print() is a built-in function in Python.
12. What are the arguments in python with examples?
 An argument is a value that is passed to a function when it is called. It might be a variable,
value or object passed to a function or method as input.
 They are written when we are calling the function.
In Python, we have the following 4 types of function arguments.
 Default argument.
 Keyword arguments (named arguments)
 Positional arguments.
 Arbitrary arguments (variable-lengtharguments)

13.Does Python need function prototyping? Justify.

 Python does not have prototyping because you do not need it.
 Python looks up globals at runtime; this means that when you use write Hello the object is
looked up there and then.
 The object does not need to exist at compile time, but does need to exist at runtime.

14.What are the parameter passing mechanisms in Python?

 function with no argument and return value

 Function with no argument and with return value
 python function with argument and no return value
 function with argument and return value

15.How do you return a value from a function in Python?

 return statement is used to end the execution of the function call and “returns” the result
(value of the expression following the return keyword) to the caller.
 The statements after the return statements are not executed. If the return statement is without
any expression, then the special value none is returned.
 A return statement is overall used to invoke a function so that the passed statements can be
executed.

Syntax: Example:
def fun():
def cube(x):
statements
r=x**3
………
return r
return [expression]
16.Does a global variable supersede local variable? Can a variable be both local & global?

 LOCAL variables are only accessible in the function itself., so the GLOBAL variable would
supersede the LOCAL variable
 Global variables are the types of variables that are declared outside of every function of
the program. The global variable, is accessible by all functions in a program.
 Yes can a variable be both local &global

17.What is recursion in Python and write the limitation?

 the function calls itself infinitelycalled recursion.

 The Python interpreter limits the depths of recursion to help avoid infinite recursions, resulting
in stack overflows. By default, the maximum depth of recursion is 1000 .

18.Write syntax for function composition with necessary examples.

 Function composition is the way of combining two or more functions in such a way that the
output of one function becomes the input of the second function and so on.
 For example, let there be two functions “F” and “G” and their composition can be
represented as F(G(x)) where “x” is the argument and output of G(x) function will become
the input of F() function.

Example:

def add(x):
return x + 2

def multiply(x):
return x * 2

print("Adding 2 to 5 and multiplyingthe result with 2: ",

multiply(add(5)))

Output:
Adding 2 to 5 and multiplying the result with 2: 1
Explanation
First the add() function is called on input 5. The add() adds 2 to the input and the
output which is 7, is given as the input to multiply() which multipliesit by 2 and the output is 14
19. Define range() function.

The range() function returns a sequence of numbers, starting from 0 by default, and increments
by 1 (by default), and stops before a specified number.
range (start, stop, step )
Example
Create a sequence of numbers from 3 to 5, and print each item in the sequence:
 x = range(3, 6)
for n in x:
print(n)
Output: 3 4 5

20.Define Lambda function in Python.

 A lambda function is a small anonymous function.

 A lambda function can take any number of arguments, but can only have one expression.
 lambda arguments : expression

x = lambda a : a + 10
print(x(5))

PART B 16Marks

1.a)Discuss conditional statement with necessary details.(08)

 A conditional statement is used to determine whether a certain condition exists before code is
executed.
 Conditional statements can help improve the efficiency of your code by providing you with
the ability to control the flow of your code, such as when or how code is executed.
 This can be very useful for checking whether a certain condition exists before the code
begins to execute, as you may want to only execute certain code lines when certain
conditions are met.
 For example, conditional statements can be used to check that a certain variable or file exists
before code is executed, or to execute more code if some criteria is met, such as a calculation
resulting in a specific value.

Types of Conditional Statements

1. Conditional if
2. Alternative if… else
3. Chained if…elif…else
4. Nested if….else

1.Conditional (if):
Conditional (if) is used to test a condition, if the condition is true the statements inside if will
be executed.
Syntax:
if(condition 1):
Statement 1
 Flowchart:

Example
1. Program to provide flat rs 500, if the purchase amount is greater than 2000.
2. Program to provide bonus mark if the category is sports.
1. Program to provide flat rs 500, if the purchase amount is greater than 2000.
Program: Output:
purchase=eval(input(“enter your enter your purchase
purchase amount”)) amount
if(purchase>=2000): 2500
purchase=purchase-500 amount to pay
print(“amount to pay”,purchase) 2000

2. Program to provide bonus mark if the category is sports

Program
m=eval(input(“enter ur mark out of Output
100”)) enter ur mark out of 100
c=input(“enter ur categery G/S”) 85
if(c==”S”): enter ur categery G/S
m=m+5 S
print(“mark is”,m) mark is 90

2.Alternative (if-else)

 In the alternative the condition must be true or false. In this else statement can be
combined with if statement.
 The else statement contains the block of code that executes when the condition is false.
  If the condition is true statements inside the if get executed otherwise else part gets
executed. The alternatives are called branches, because they are branches in the flow
of execution.

Syntax:
if(condition 1):
Statement 1
else:
statement 2
Flowchart:

Examples:
1. Odd or even number
2. Positive or negative number
3. Leap year or not
4. Greatest of two numbers
5. Eligibility for voting

1.Odd or even number

Program
n=eval(input("entera number"))
if(n%2==0): Output
print("even number") enter a number4
else: even number
print("odd number")

2.Positive or negative number

Program
n=eval(input("entera number"))
if(n>=0):
print("positive number")
else:
print("negativenumber")

Output
enter a number 8
positivenumber
3.Leap year or not
Program
y=eval(input("entera yaer"))
if(y%4==0):
print("leap year")
else:
print("not leap year")

Output
enter a yaer2000
leap year
4. Greatest of two numbers
Program
a=eval(input("enter a value:")) Output
b=eval(input("enterb value:"))
enter a value:4
if(a>b):
enter b value:7
print("greatest:",a)
greatest: 7
else:
print("greatest:",b)

5.Eligibility for voting

Program
age=eval(input("enterur age:"))
if(age>=18): Output
print("you are eligible for vote")
else: Enter ur age:78
print("you are eligible for vote") You are eligible for vote
Chained conditionals(if-elif-else)

 The elif is short for else if.

 This is used to check more than one condition.

 If the condition1 is False, it checks the condition2 of the elif block. If all the conditions
are False, then the else part is executed
 Among the several if...elif...else part, only one part is executed according to the condition.

 The if block can have only one else block. But it can have multiple elif blocks.

 The way to express a computation like that is a chained conditional.

Syntax:
if(Condition):
 statement 1
elif(condition):
statement 2
elif(condition3):
statement 3
else:
default statement
Flowchart:

Example:

1. Student mark system

2. Traffic light system
3. Compare two numbers

4. Roots of quadratic equation

1.Student mark system

Program
mark=eval(input("enterur mark:"))
if(mark>=90):
print("grade:S")
elif(mark>=80):
print("grade:A")
elif(mark>=70):
print("grade:B") elif(mark>=50):
 print("grade:C") Output
else: enter ur mark:78
print("fail") grade:B

2.Traffic light system

Program
colour=input("entercolour of light:")
if(colour=="green"):
print("GO")
elif(colour=="yellow"):
print("GET READY")
else:
Output
print("STOP")
enter colour of light:green
GO

3. Compare two numbers

Program
x=eval(input("enterx value:"))
Output
y=eval(input("entery value:"))
if(x == y): enter x value:5
print("x and y are equal")
elif(x < y): enter y value:7
print("x is less than y") x is less than y
else:
print("x is greater than y")
4.Roots of quadratic equation
Program
a=eval(input("enter a value:"))
b=eval(input("enterb value:"))
c=eval(input("enter c value:"))
d=(b*b-4*a*c)
if(d==0):
print("same and real roots") Output
elif(d>0):
enter a value:1
print("diffrent real roots")
enter b value:0
else:
enter c value:0
print("imaginagryroots")
same and real roots

Nested conditionals
  One conditional can also be nested within another. Any number of condition can be nested
inside one another. In this, if the condition is true it checks another if condition1.

 If both the conditions are true statement1get executed otherwise statement2get execute.
 if the condition is false statement3gets executed

Syntax:

If(condition):
If(condition 1):
Statement 1
else:
statement
else:
statement

Flowchart:

Exampe:
1. greatest of three numbers
2. positive negative or zero

1. greatest of three numbers

Program
a=eval(input(“enter the value of a”))
b=eval(input(“enter the value of b”))
c=eval(input(“enter the value of c”))
if(a>b):
if(a>c):
 print(“the greatest no is”,a)
else:
print(“the greatest no is”,c)
else:
if(b>c):
print(“the greatest no is”,b)
else:
print(“the greatest no is”,c)

Output
enter the value of a 9
enter the value of a 1
enter the value of a 8
thegreatestnois
9

2. Positive negative or zero

Program
n=eval(input("enterthe value of n:"))
if(n==0):
print("the number is zero")
Output
else:
enter the value of n:-9
if(n>0):
the number is negative
print("the number is positive")
else:
print("the number is negative")

1.b)Discuss chained conditional statement in detail.(08)

 The Python elif statement stands for “else if”. It used to evaluate multiple expression and
choose from one of several different code paths. It is always used in conjunction with the
if statement ,and is sometimes referred to as a chained condition
 The python first evaluates the if conditional.If the if conditional is false, python inspects
each elif conditional in sequential order until one of them evaluates to true.it then runs
the corresponding elif code
 block if all the elif conditionals are false python does not run any of the elif code blocks
 A sequence of elif statements can be followed bye followed by optional else directive,
which terminates the chain. the else code block is only executed when the if conditional
and all elif conditions are false. there is no limit to the number of elif expressions that
can be used, but only one code block can be executed
 The python if elif statement follows this template. the final else directive and code block
are optional

Syntax
 If Boolean expression 1:
Statement 1
elif Boolean expression 2:
statement 2
elif Boolean expression 3:
statement 3

Example
x=50
y=75
If x< y:
Print(“x is less than y”)
Elif x>y:
Print(“x is greater than y”)
else:
Print(“x and y must be equal”)

2.Explain in detail about iterations. Write a suitable Python program using Looping
statement.

While loop:

 While loop statement in Python is used to repeatedly executes set of statement as long
as a given Condition is true.

 In while loop, test expression is checked first. The body of the loop is entered only if the
test expression is True. After one iteration, the test expression is checked again. This
process continues until the test expression evaluates to False.
 In Python, the body of the while loop is determined through indentation.
  The statements inside the while start with indentation and the first unindented line
marks the end.
Syntax:
initial value
while (Condition):
body of While loop
increment

Flowchart

Examples:

1. Program to find sum of n numbers:

2. Program to find factorial of a number
3. Program to find sum of digits of a number:
4. Program to Reverse the given number:
5. Program to find number is Armstrong number or not
6. Program to check the number is palindrome or not

Sum of n numbers:
Program

n=eval(input("entern"))
i=1
sum=0 sum=sum+i
while(i<=n): i=i+1
 print(sum) enter n
10
Output 55

Factorial of a numbers:
Program

n=eval(input("entern"))
i=1
fact=1
while(i<=n): Output
fact=fact*i enter n
i=i+1print(fact) 5
120

Sum of digits of a number:

Program

n=eval(input("entera number"))
sum=0
while(n>0):
a=n%10
sum=sum+a Output
n=n//10 Enter a number
print(sum) 123
6

Reverse the given number:

Program

n=eval(input("entera number"))
sum=0
while(n>0):
a=n%10 Output
sum=sum*10+a
enter a number
n=n//10
123
print(sum)
321

Armstrong number or not

Program

n=eval(input("entera number"))
org=n
sum=0
while(n>0):
a=n%10
sum=sum+a*a*a
n=n//10
if(sum==org):
print("The given number is Armstrong Output
number")
enter a number153
else:
print("The given number is not The given number is Armstrong number
Armstrong number")

Palindrome or not

Program

n=eval(input("entera number"))
org=n
sum=0
while(n>0):
a=n%10
sum=sum*10+a
n=n//10
if(sum==org):
print("The given no is palindrome") Output
else: enter a number121
print("The given no is not palindrome") The given no is palindrome

For loop:

for in range:
 We can generate a sequence of numbers using range() function. range(10) will generate
numbers from 0 to 9 (10 numbers).
 In range function have to define the start, stop and step size as range(start,stop,step size). step
size defaults to 1 if not provided.

Syntax:
for i in range(start,stop,steps):
body of for loop
Flowchar t:

For in sequence
 The for loop in Python is used to iterate over a sequence (list, tuple, string).
 Iterating over a sequence is called traversal. Loop continues until we reach the last element
in the sequence.

The body of for loop is separated from the rest of the code using indentation.

for i in sequence:

print(i)

Sequ enc e c an be a li st, str i ngs or tup l es

Examples:
1. print nos divisible by 5 not by 10:
2 Program to print fibonacci series.

3. Program to find factors of a given number

4. check the given number is perfect number or not

5. check the no is prime or not

6.Print first n prime numbers

7. Program to print prime numbers in range

if(i%5==0 and i%10!=0):

print nos divisible by 5 not by 10 print(i)

Program

n=eval(input("entera"))
for i in range(1,n,1):
output
enter a:30 25
5
15

Fibonacci series

Program

a=0 Output
b=1 Enter the number of terms: 6
n=eval(input("Enterthe number of terms: ")) Fibonacci Series:
print("Fibonacci Series: ") 01
print(a,b) 1
for i in range(1,n,1): 2
c=a+b 3
print(c) 5
a=b 8
b=c

Output
find factors of a number
enter a number:10
Program 1
2
n=eval(input("entera number:"))
5
for i in range(1,n+1,1):
10
if(n%i==0):
print(i)

check the no is prime or not

Program

n=eval(input("entera number"))
for i in range(2,n):
if(n%i==0):
print("The num is not a prime") Output
break enter a no:7
else: The num is a prime number.
print("The num is a prime number.")

Check a number is perfect number or not

Program
print("the number is perfect number")
n=eval(input("entera number:")) else:
sum=0 print("the number is not perfect number")
for i in range(1,n,1):
if(n%i==0): Output
sum=sum+i enter a number:6
if(sum==n): the number is perfect number

Program to print first n prime numbers number=int(input("enter no of prime

Program numbers to be displayed:"))
count=1
n=2
while(count<=number): Output
for i in range(2,n): enter no of prime numbers to be
if(n%i==0): displayed:5
break 2
else: 3
print(n) 5
7
11
count=count+1
n=n+1
Program to print prime numbers in
range

Program

lower=eval(input("enter a lower range"))

upper=eval(input("enter a upper range"))
for n in range(lower,upper + 1):
if n > 1:
for i in range(2,n):
if (n % i) == 0:
break
else:
print(n)

OUTPUT
enter a lower range50
enter a upper range100
53
59
61
67
71
73
79
83 89
97

3.Summarize various loop control statement in detail. Explain it with necessary example.

 BREAK

 Break statements can alter the flow of a loop.

 It terminates the current
 loop and executes the remaining statement outside the loop.
 If the loop has else statement, that will also gets terminated and come out of the loop
completely.

Syntax:
Break
 Ou tpu t
CONTINUE
Example
w
It terminatesthe current iterationand transfer the control to the next iterationin the loop.
for
Syntax: e i in "welcome":
Continueif(i=="c"):
l
break
print(i)

Flowchart
Flowchart

Output
Example: w
for i in "welcome":
e
if(i=="c"):
continue l
print(i)
o
m
e

PASS
 It is used when a statement is required syntactically but you don’t want any code to execute.
 It is a null statement,nothing happens when it is executed.
Example
for i in “welcome”:
if (i == “c”):
 pass
print(i)
Output
w
e
l
c
o
m
e
Difference between break and continue

4.Brief the types of function. Explain user define function with an example.

Function

 A function is a set of statements that take inputs, do some specific computation task and
produce output.
 The idea is to put some commonly or repeatedly done tasks together and make a function
so that instead of writing the same code again and again for different inputs, we can call
the function.
Types of function
1. Build in functions or Standard libray functions
Functions that readily come with Python are called built-in functions. Python provides
built-in functions like print(), etc
2. User defined functions
But we can also create your own functions. based on our requirements These functions are
known as user defined functions .
 User Defined Functions

Advantages of user-defined functions

 User-defined functions help to decompose a large program into small segments which
makes program easy to understand, maintainand debug.
 If repeated code occurs in a program. Function can be used to include those codes and
execute when needed by calling that function.
 Programmers working on large project can divide the workload by making different
functions.
Function have two parts
 Function declaration
 Function call
Function Declaration
 In Python, a user-defined function's declarationbegins with the keyword def and followed
by the function name.
 The function may take arguments(s) as input within the opening and closing parentheses,
just after the function name followed by a colon.
 After defining the function name and arguments(s) a block of program statement(s) start at
the next line and these statement(s) must be indented
Syntax:
def function_name(argument1,argument2,…):
Statement_1
Statement_2
………..
…………
return

Here,

 def - keyword used to declare a function

 function_name - any name given to the function
 arguments - any value passed to function
 return (optional) - returns value from a function

Let's see an example,

def greet():
Print(‘Hello world’)

 Here, we have created a function named greet(). It simply prints the text Hello World! .

 This function doesn't have any arguments and doesn't return any values.

Function call
Calling a function in Python is similar to other programming languages,
 using the function name, parenthesis (opening and closing) and parameter(s).

See the syntax, followed by an example.

Syntax:
function _name (arg1,arg2)

 In the above example, we have declared a function named greet().Now, to use this function,
we need to call it.
 Here's how we can call the greet() function
#call the function
greet()

Example
def greet():
Print(‘Hello world’)
# call the function
greet()
Print(‘outside function’)
Output
Hello world
Outside function
 In the above example, we have created a function named greet(). Here's how the program
works:

 Here,

 When the function is called, the control of the program goes to the function definition.
 All codes inside the function are executed.
 The control of the program jumps to the next statement after the function call.

5.a) Discuss function arguments in Python.(08)

Types of Python Function Arguments

1. Default Argument in Python:

 Python Program arguments can have default values. We assign a default value to an
argument using the assignment operator in python(=).
 When we call a function without a value for an argument, its default value (as mentioned)
is used.

Example:
 def greeting(name='User'):
print(f"Hello, {name}")
greeting('Ayushi')
Ou tput:
Hello, Ayushi
2. Python Keyword Arguments

 With keyword argumentsin python, we can change the order of passing the arguments
without any consequences.
 Let’s take a function to divide two numbers, and return the quotient.

Example:

def divide(a,b):
return a/b
divide(3,2)
output:

1.5

3. Python Arbitrary Arguments:

 You may not always know how many arguments you’ll get. In that case, you use an
asterisk(*) before an argument name.
Example:
def sayhello(*names):
for name in names:
print(f"Hello, {name}")

sayhello( ' Ayushi ', ' Leo ',' Megha ' )

Output:
Hello, Ayushi
Hello, Leo
Hello, Megha

5. b) Explain the parameter passing in function with suitable examples.(08)

 The terms parameterand argument can be used for the same thing: information that are
passed into a function.
 A parameteris the variable listed inside the parentheses in the function definition. An
argument is the value that are sent to the function when it is called.
Types of parameterpassing in user defined function
1. Function with no argument and with return value
2. Function with argument and no return value
3. Function with no argument and no return value
4. Function with argument and return value

1. Function with no argument and with return value

Example
def add():
a=20
b=30
 sum=a+b
print(“after calling function:”sum)
add()
Output
After calling function:50

2. Function with argument and no return value

def add(a,b):
sum=a+b
print(“result:”sum)
add(20,30)
Output
result:50
The result is print within the function

3. Function with no argument and return value

def add():
a=20
b=30
sum=a+b
return sum
z=add(10,30)
print(“result:”z)
Output
result:50

Here we are not passing any value to the parameters to the function instead values are assigned
with in the function ,but result is return to the calling function

4. Function with argument and return value

def add(a,b):
sum=a+b
return sum
z=add(20,30)
print(“result:”z)
Output
result:50
Here we passing two values to the parametera,b to the function. function is calculating
Sum of these values and return to the calling statement which is stored in the variable z

6.Describe in detail about Recursion and Write a Python program to find the factorial of
the given number.
Recursion
 Python, we know that a function can call other functions.
 It is even possible for the function to call itself. These types of construct are termed as
recursive functions.
 The following image shows the working of a recursive function called recurse .
 A function calling itself till it reaches the base value - stop point of function call
Example: factorial of a given number using recursion
x=factorial (3)
def factorial(x):
if x == 1:
return 1
else:
return (x * factorial(x-1))
print("The factorial of", num, "is", factorial(x))

Working of a recursive factorial function

 Our recursion ends when the number reducess to 1. This is called the base condition.