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CSIR-NET Question Paper

Mathematical Sciences
September 2022

PART-A

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Q-1 In a test with multiple choice questions, candidates get 4 marks for a correct answer and lose 1 mark

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for an incorrect answer. Two candidates A and B attempting 18 and 13 questions, respectively,
secure equal marks. How many more INCORRECT answers does A have compared to B?

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(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 6
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Q-2 A ranks 10th from both the top and the bottom in merit among the girls in her class. B ranks 6th
from the top and 16th from the bottom among boys in the same class. If A is immediately ahead
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of B in merit order, her rank in the entire class would be
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(a) 16th from the top and 26th from the bottom
(b) 15th from the top and 26th from the bottom
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(c) 15th from the top and 27th from the bottom
(d) 16th from the top and 27th from the bottom
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Q-3 Given figure represents pH, partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2 ), and temperature (T) in an experiment
conducted in a water sample over 20 days. Which of the following statements can definitely be
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made based on this experiment?

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(a) High CO2 causes global warming.

(b) High temperature causes acidification.
(c) There is a decrease in pH and an increase in both T and pCO2 over 20 days.
(d) pH and pCO2 are positively correlated while pH and T are inversely correlated.

Q-4 A 360 ml aqueous solution contains 40% alcohol. How much will be the approximate percentage of
alcohol if 3600 ml of water is added to the solution?
(a) 2.6
(b) 3.6
(c) 4.0
(d) 1.0

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Q-5 A set of 27 similar looking coins has 26 identical coins and one dummy coin having less weight.
What is the minimum number of weighings that will ensure identification of the dummy coin using
a two-pan balance?

(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 6
Q-6 If 90 people are to be seated randomly in 15 rows of 6 seats each, what is the probability that a
person gets a seat at either end of a row?
(a) 1/2

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(b) 1/4

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(c) 1/3

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(d) 1/15
Q-7 An appropriate diagram showing the relationship between the categories FOOD, VEGETABLES,

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ROOTS and ICECREAMS is

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Select the CORRECT option

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(a) A
(b) C
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(c) D
(d) A
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Q-8 Consider the following four statements.

Statement: 1 “Statement 3 is true.”
Stbtement: 2 “Statement 1 is true”
Stctement: 3 “Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false”
Stdtement: 4 “Statements 1, 2 and 3 are false”
Which of the above statements must be true for the four statements to be mutually consistent?
(a) Statement 1
(b) Statement 2
(c) Statement 3
(d) Statement 4

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Q-9 On a track of 200 m length, S runs from the starting point and R starts 20 m ahead of S at the
same time. Both reach the end of the track at the same time. S runs at a uniform speed of 10 m/s.
If R also runs at a uniform speed, then how much more time would R take to run the entire course?

(a) 0.5 second

(b) 1.0 second
(c) 1.5 second
(d) 2.2 second

Q-10 The arithmetic mean of five numbers is zero. The numbers may not be distinct. Which of the
following must be true?
(a) The product of the numbers is zero

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(b) At most two of these numbers are positive

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(c) There cannot be exactly one zero

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(d) There cannot be exactly one non-zero number

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Q-11

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Which one of the following, drawn on a linear scale, represents the circle shown in the figure above?
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(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Q-12 Of all the English magazines published in a country, magazine M is read by the highest number of
readers. It necessarily follows that

(a) M is the most popular English magazine published in the country.

(b) M is the most popular English magazine in the country.

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(c) M is the most popular magazine in the country.

(d) The study has not considered the readership of English magazines published outside the country.

Q-13 The number of three digit PINs, in which the third digit is the sum of the first two digits, is
(a) 55
(b) 9
(c) 45
(d) 11
Q-14 Consider a right angled triangle BAC with medians CM and BL having the same length. The ratio
of the length of BC to that of ML is

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(a) 2
(b) 3/4
(c) 4/3
(d) 1
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Q-15 A battalion consists of elephants, horses and soldiers totaling to 3500. There are twice as many
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horses as elephants and one-fourth of the soldiers are riding these animals. In the stand still position,
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number of feet on ground is 7500. The number of horses in the battalion is

(a) 525
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(b) 625
(c) 550
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(d) 600
Q-16 The graph shows number of employees, market share (as Rs. crore) for five companies A, B, C, D,
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E.
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(a) A has the highest market share per employee, C has the highest sale for its market share
(b) C has the highest market share per employee, B has the highest sale for its market share
(c) D has the highest market share per employee, E has the highest sale for its market share
(d) A has the highest market share per employee, B has the highest sale for its market share

Q-17 The wholesale price per unit of an item is C0 up to first 19 units. The unit price falls by 10% if 20
to 29 units are purchased and by another 10% if 30 or more units are purchased. If 120 units are
bought, the total price paid is approximately

(a) 99C0
(b) 97C0

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(c) 91C0
(d) 81C0

Q-18 Two digital clocks show times 09h 13m and 09h 17m, respectively, at one instant. Exactly 30
seconds later the clocks show 09h 14m and 09h 17m, respectively. Which one of the following
options is a possible difference between the times maintained by the two clocks?
(a) 3m 00s
(b) 30s
(c) 4m 00s
(d) 4m 30s
Q-19 There are two concentric circular tracks A and B of width 2 m each as shown in the figure. If r =

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30m, what is the ratio of the areas of Track A to Track B?

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(a) 28/13
(b) 2/1
(c) 29/14
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(d) 5/3
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Q-20 A 5 kg watermelon contains 99% water by weight. Some of the water evaporates and the melon
now contains 98% water by weight. What is the weight (in kg) of watermelon now?
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(a) 4.5
(b) 2.5
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(c) 4.8
(d) 4.9
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PART-B
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Q-1 Let an = n + n−1 . Which of the following is true for the series
∞
X an+1
(−1)n+1
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?
n=1
n!
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(a) It does not converge.

(b) It converges to e−1 − 1.
(c) It converges to e−1
(d) It converges to e−1 + 1.

Q-2 Consider the series

∞
X an
c.
n=3
nb (loge n)
For which values of a, b, c ∈ R, does the series NOT converge?

(a) |a| < 1, b, c ∈ R

(b) a = 1, b > 1, c ∈ R
(c) a = 1, 1 ≥ b ≥ 0, c < 1

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(d) a = −1, b ≥ 0, c > 0

Q-3 Suppose (an )n≥1 and (bn )n≥1 are two bounded sequences of real numbers. Which of the following
is true?

(a) lim sup (an + (−1)n bn ) = lim sup an + | lim sup bn |

n→∞ n→∞ n→∞
n
(b) lim sup (an + (−1) bn ) ≤ lim sup an + lim sup bn ,
n→∞ n→∞ n→∞
(c) lim sup (an + (−1)n bn ) ≤ lim sup an + | lim sup bn | + | lim inf bn |
n→∞ n→∞ n→∞ n→∞

(d) lim sup (an + (−1)n bn ) may not exist

n→∞

Q-4 Let X, Y be defined by

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X= (xn )n≥1 : lim sup xn = 1, where xn ∈ {0, 1}
n→∞

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and n o
Y = (xn )n≥1 : lim xn does not exist, where xn ∈ {0, 1} .

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n→∞

Which of the following is true?

(a) X, Y are countable.

(b) X is countable and Y is uncountable.
(c) X is uncountable and Y is countable.
(d) X, Y are uncountable.
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Q-5 Let D denote a proper dense subset of a metric space X. Suppose that f : D → R is a uniformly
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continuous function. For p ∈ X, let Bn (p) denote the set

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1
x ∈ D : d(x, p) <
n
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Consider Wp = n f (Bn (p)) Which of the following statements is true?

(a) Wp may be empty for some p in X.

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(b) Wp is not empty for every p in X and is contained in f (D).

(c) Wp is a singleton for every p.
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(d) Wp is empty for some p and singleton for some p.

Q-6 Let fn : [0, 1] → R be given by fn (t) = (n + 2)(n + 1)tn (1 − t), for all t in [0, 1] Which of the
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following is true?
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(a) The sequence (fn ) converges uniformly.

(b) The sequence (fn ) converges pointwise but not uniformly.
(c) The sequence (fn ) diverges on [0, 1).
R1 R1
(d) limn→∞ 0 fn (t)dt = 0 limn→∞ fn (t)dt

Q-7 Let us define a sequence (an )n∈N of real numbers to be a Fibonacci-like sequence if an = an−1 +an−2
for n ≥ 3. What is the dimension of the R vector space of Fibonacci-like sequences?

(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) infinite and countable
(d) infinite and uncountable

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Q-8 Suppose A and B are similar real matrices, that is, there exists an invertible matrix S such that
A = SBS −1 . Which of the following need not be true?
(a) Transpose of A is similar to the transpose of B.
(b) The minimal polynomial of A is same as the minimal polynomial of B.
(c) trace(A) = trace(B).
(d) The range of A is same as the range of B.
Q-9 Let R be the field of real numbers. Let V be the vector space of real polynomials of degree at most
1. Consider the bilinear form
h, i : V × V → R,
given by Z 1

s
hf, gi = f (x)g(x)dx.

h
0
Which of the following is true?

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(a) For all nonzero real numbers a, b, there exists a real number c such that the vectors ax+b, x+c ∈

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V are orthogonal to each other.
(b) For all nonzero real numbers b, there are infinitely many real numbers c such that the vectors
x + b, x + c ∈ V are orthogonal to each other.
(c) For all positive real numbers c, there exist infinitely many real numbers a, b such that the
vectors ax + b, x + c ∈ V are orthogonal to each other.
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(d) For all nonzero real numbers b, there are infinitely many real numbers c such that the vectors
b, x + c ∈ V are orthogonal to each other.
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Q-10 Let A = (ai,j ) be a real symmetric 3 × 3 matrix. Consider the quadratic form Q (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = xt Ax
cs

t
where x = (x1 , x2 , x3 ) . Which of the following is true?
(a) If Q (x1 , x2 , x3 ) is positive definite, then ai,j > 0 for all i 6= j.
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(b) If Q (x1 , x2 , x3 ) is positive definite, then ai,i > 0 for all i.

(c) If ai,j > 0 for all i 6= j, then Q (x1 , x2 , x3 ) is positive definite.
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(d) If ai,t > 0 for all i, then Q (x1 , x2 , x3 ) is positive definite.

Q-11 Let A be an invertible 5 × 5 matrix over a field F . Suppose that characteristic polynomials of A
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and A−1 are the same. Which of the following is necessarily true?
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(a) det(A)2 = 1
(b) det(A)5 = 1
(c) trace(A)2 = 1
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(d) trace(A)5 = 1
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Q-12 Suppose A is a real n × n matrix of rank r. Let V be the vector space of all real n × n matrices X
such that AX = 0. What is the dimension of V ?
(a) r
(b) nr
(c) n2 r
(d) n2 − nr
Q-13 For a positive integer n, let f (n) denote the nth derivative of f . Suppose an entire function f
satisfies f (2) + f = 0. Which of the following is correct?


(a) f (n) (0) n≥1 is convergent.
(b) limn→∞ f (n) (0) = 1
(c) limn→∞ f (n) (0) = −1

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(d) f (n) (0) n≥1 has a convergent subsequence.
 z
Q-14 If ee  = 1 for a complex number z = x + iy, x, y ∈ R, then which of the following is true?
(a) x = nπ for some integer n.
(b) y = (2n + 1) π2 for some integer n.
(c) y = nπ for some integer n.
(d) x = (2n + 1) π2 for some integer n
2
 
z+ z2 P∞
Q-15 Let f (z) = (1 − z)e =1+ n=1 an z n . Which of the following is FALSE?
2
 
z+ z2
(a) f 0 (z) = −z 2 e

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(b) a1 = a2

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(c) an ∈ (−∞, 0]

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P∞
(d) n=3 |an | < 1

Q-16 Let f be a non-constant entire function such that |f (z)| = 1 for |z| = 1 Let U denote the open unit

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disk around 01. Which of the following is FALSE?
(a) f (C) = C
(b) f has at least one zero in U .
(c) f has at most finitely many distinct zeros in C.
(d) f can have a zero outside U
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Q-17 Let G be a simple group of order 168. How many elements of order 7 does it have?
(a) 6
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(b) 7
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(c) 48
(d) 56
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Q-18 Let R be a ring and N the set of nilpotent elements, i.e.

N = {x ∈ R | xn = 0 for some n ∈ N} .
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Which of the following is true?

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(a) N is an ideal in R.
(b) N is never an ideal in R.
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(c) If R is non-commutative, N is not an ideal.

(d) If R is commutative, N is an ideal.
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Q-19 Let R be a commutative ring with identity. Let S be a multiplicatively closed set such that 0 ∈
/ S.
Let I be an ideal which is maximal with respect to the condition that S ∩ I = ∅ Which of the
following is necessarily true?

(a) I is a maximal ideal.

(b) I is a prime ideal.
(c) I = (1)
(d) I = (0)

Q-20 Let X be a connected metric space with at least two points. Which of the following is necessarily
true?
(a) X has finitely many points.
(b) X has countably many points but is not finite.

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(c) X has uncountably many points.

(d) No such X exists.
Q-21 Let f : R2 → R be continuous and
f (t, x) < 0 if tx > 0,
f (t, x) > 0 if tx < 0.
Consider the problem of solving the following:

ẋ = f (t, x), x(0) = 0

Which of the following is true?

(a) There exists a unique local solution.

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(b) There exists a local solution but may not be unique.

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(c) There may not exist any solution.

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(d) If local solution exists then it is unique.
Q-22 Let G : [0, 1] × [0, 1] → R be defined as

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t(1 − x) if t ≤ x ≤ 1
G(t, x) =
x(1 − t) if x ≤ t ≤ 1

For a continuous function f on [0, 1], define

I[f ] =
Z 1 Z 1
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G(t, x)f (t)f (x)dtdx
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0 0
cs

Which of the following is true?

(a) I[f ] > 0 if f is not identically zero.
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(b) There exists non-zero f such that I[f ] = 0.

(c) There is f such that I[f ] < 0.
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(d) I[sin(πx)] = 1.
Q-23 Let u(x, t) be a smooth solution to the wave equation
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∂2u ∂2u
− =0 for (x, t) ∈ R2 . (∗)
∂t2 ∂x2
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Which of the following is FALSE?

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(a) u(x − θ, t) also solves the wave equation (∗) for any fixed θ ∈ R.
∂u
(b) also solves the wave equation (∗).
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∂x
(c) u(3x, 9t) also solves the wave equation (∗).
(d) u(3x, 3t) also solves the wave equation (∗).
Q-24 Consider the second order PDE

auxx + buxy + auyy = 0 in R2

For a, b ∈ R.
Which of the following is true?
(a) The PDE is hyperbolic for b ≤ 2a.
(b) The PDE is parabolic for b ≤ 2a.
(c) The PDE is elliptic for |b| < 2|a|.
(d) he PDE is hyperbolic for |b| < 2|a|.

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Q-25 Let A be the following invertible matrix with real positive entries:
 
1 2
A=
8 9

Let G be the associated Gauss-Seidel iteration matrix. What are the two eigenvalues of G?
(a) 0 and 4/3
(b) 0 and −4/3
(c) 0 and 16/9
(d) 4/3 and −4/3
Q-26 What is the extremal of the functional

s
Z 0

h
 
2
J[y] = 12xy − (y 0 ) dx
−1

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subject to y(0) = 0 and y(−1) = 1 ?

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(a) y = x2
2x2 +x4
(b) y = 3
3
(c) y = −x
(d) y = x2 +x4
2

Q-27 For any two continuous functions f, g : R → R, define

Z t
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f ? g(t) = f (s)g(t − s)ds.
0
cs

Which of the following is the value of f ? g(t) when f (t) = exp(−t) and g(t) = sin(t)?
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(a) − 21 [exp(−t) + sin(t) − cos(t)]

(b) − 21 [− exp(−t) + sin(t) − cos(t)]
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(c) − 21 [exp(−t) − sin(t) − cos(t)]

(d) − 21 [exp(−t) + sin(t) + cos(t)]
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Q-28 Assume that a particle of mass m is constrained to move on the hyperbola xy = b under gravity g,
with b being a non-zero constant; here x is the horizontal direction and y is the vertical direction.
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Which of the following is Lagrange’s equation of motion?

 2
 2 mgb
(a) mẍ 1 + xb 4 − 2 bxm 2
5 ẋ − x2 =0
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 2
 2 mgb
(b) mẍ 1 + xb 3 − 2 bxm 2
5 ẋ − x2 =0
 
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2 2 mgb
(c) mẍ 1 + xb 4 − 2 bxm 2
2 ẋ − x2 =0
 2
 2 mgb
(d) mẍ 1 + xb 5 − 2 bxm 2
2 ẋ − x2 =0

Q-29 In a random experiment a fair coin is tossed once. Then, an unbiased six faced die is rolled N
times, where 
100, if Head appears
N=
101, if Tail appears
Let Y denote the total number of times 6 appears out of N . Then
P ( Head | Y = 15) equals
516
(a) 1021
505
(b) 1021
201
(c) 1021

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1000
(d) 1021

Q-30 Suppose that X is a random variable such that P (X ∈ {0, 1, 2}) = 1. If for some constant
c, P (X = i) = cP (X = i − 1), i = 1, 2, then E[X] is
1
(a) 1+c+c2
c+2c2
(b) 1+c+c2
c+c2
(c) 1+2c
3c
(d) 1+2c

Q-31 Let X1 , X2 , . . . , Xn be independent and identically distributed random variables with probability
density function

s
e−(x−θ) , if x > θ,


h
f (x) =
0, otherwise.

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If X(1) − n1 loge 10, X(1) is a 100β% confidence interval of θ where X(1) = min {Xi : 1 ≤ i ≤ n},

then the value of β is

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(a) 0.95
(b) 0.9
(c) 0.975
(d) 0.92 ne
Q-32 Suppose X ∼ Binomial 10, 21 , Y ∼ Binomial 11, 12 , where X and Y are independent. Then,



ir
P (X < Y ) is
cs

(a) less than 12

1
(b) equal to 2
e/

1 10
(c) greater than 2 but less than or equal to 11
10
(d) greater than 11
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Q-33 Let X and Y be independent random variables with X ∼ Uniform [0, θ+3], Y ∼ Uniform [−θ−5, 0],
where θ ≥ −3. Then the maximum likelihood estimator of θ based on (X, Y ) is
/t

(a) (5 + Y, X − 3)
(b) (−5 − Y, X − 3)
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(c) (5 + Y, X − 3)
(d) (−5 − Y, X − 3)
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Q-34 Let X1 , . . . , Xn be a random sample from N (θ, θ) distribution, where N (θ, θ) denotes a normal
distribution with mean θ and variance θ; where θ satisfies 0 < θ < ∞ and is unknown. Then, the
ht

maximum likelihood estimate of θ

Pn 1
−1−(1+ n
4
i=1 Xi2 ) 2
(a) is 2
Pn 1
−1+( 4
1+ n i=1 Xi2 ) 2
(b) is 2
(c) does not exist
Pn
Xi
(d) is max( i=1
n , 0)
Q-35 Let X1 , . . . , Xn be a random sample from a discrete distribution with probability mass function

2(1 − θ) θ
P (X1 = 1) = , P (X1 = 2) =
2−θ 2−θ
Pn
i=1 xi
where θ ∈ (0, 1) is unknown. Let X̄ = . Then, the method of moments estimator of θ is
n

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(a) X̄
(b) 2(1 − X̄)
(c) 2 1 − X̄ −1

(d) 2(2 − X̄)−1

Q-36 Let X be a random variable with probability density function f (·). Then based on a single obser-
vation X, the most powerful test of size 0.2 for testing
(
4x3 , if 0 < x < 1, 8x7 , if 0 < x < 1

H0 : f (x) = against H1 : f (x) = has power
0, otherwise 0, otherwise

(a) 0.81
(b) 0.89

s
(c) 0.64

h
(d) 0.36

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Q-37 For a given bivariate data (yi , xi ) , i = 1, . . . , n, Analyst A fits Y on X, i.e., Y
bi = α
c0 + α
c1 xi , while

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Analyst B fits X on Y , i.e., Xi = β0 + β1 yi , using the ordinary
b c c
 least squares estimation method.
Which of the following pairs is a possible value for α̂1 , β̂1 ?

(a) (−0.5, 2.5)

(b) (0.5, 2.5)
(c) (−2.0, 0.4)
(d) (−2.0, −0.4)
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ir
Q-38 Let Y1 , Y2 , . .. , Y10 be independent and identically distributed bivariate normal N2 (0, Σ) where
cs

3 0 P10
−1
Σ= . Let a = (21)> and A = i=1 Yi Yi> , then the distribution of 35 a> A−1 a is
0 3
e/

(a) central chi-square with 8 degrees of freedom

(b) not chi-square
.m

(c) central chi-square with 9 degrees of freedom

(d) non-central chi-square
/t

Q-39 If the incidence matrix of a design is N = aJtb , where a is a positive constant and Jtb is a t × b
matrix with every element equal to 1 , then the design is:
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(a) Connected but not orthogonal

(b) Orthogonal but not connected
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(c) Neither connected nor orthogonal

(d) Both connected and orthogonal
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Q-40 Consider the following maximization problem:

maximize: x1 + 3x2

subject to the constraints x1 ≥ 0, x2 ≥ 0 and

x1 + x2 ≤ 6
2x1 + x2 ≤ 8
x1 + 2x2 ≤ 9.

Which of the following is the dual problem?

(a) Minimize: 6y1 + 8y2 + 9y3 subject to y1 ≥ 0, y2 ≥ 0, y3 ≥ 0,
y1 + 2y2 + y3 ≥ 1, y1 + y2 + 2y3 ≥ 3.

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(b) Minimize: 6y1 + 8y2 + 9y3 subject to y1 ≥ 0, y2 ≥ 0, y3 ≥ 0,

y1 + 2y2 + y3 ≥ 3, y1 + y2 + 2y3 ≥ 1.
(c) Minimize: 6y1 + 8y2 + 9y3 subject to y1 ≥ 0, y2 ≥ 0, y3 ≥ 0,
y1 + 2y2 + y3 ≤ 1, y1 + y2 + 2y3 ≤ 3.
(d) Minimize: 9y1 + 8y2 + 6y3 subject to y1 ≥ 0, y2 ≥ 0, y3 ≥ 0,
y1 + 2y2 + y3 ≥ 1, y1 + y2 + 2y3 ≥ 3.

PART-C
Q-1 Which of the given sequences (an ) satisfy the following identity?

lim sup an = − lim inf an

n→∞ n→∞

s
(a) an = 1/n for all n

h
(b) an = (−1)n (1 + 1/n) for all n

at
(−1)n
(c) an = 1 + n for all n

tm
(d) (an ) is an enumeration of all rational numbers in (−1, 1)
Q-2 What
√ is the largest positive real number δ such that whenever |x − y| < δ, we have | cos x − cos y| <
2?
√
(a) 2
(b) 3/2
(c) π/2
ne
ir
(d) 2
cs

Q-3 Let Ω = ∪5i=1 (i, i + 1) ⊂ R and f : Ω → R be a differentiable function such that f 0 (x) = 0 for all
x ∈ Ω and let g : R → R be any function. Which of the following statements are true?
e/

(a) If g is continuous, then (g ◦ f )(Ω) is a compact set in R.

(b) If g is differentiable and g 0 (x) > 0 for all x ∈ R, then (g ◦ f )(Ω) has precisely 5 elements.
.m

(c) If g is continuous and surjective, then (g ◦ f )(Ω) ∩ Q 6= ∅.

(d) If g is differentiable, then {ex : x ∈ (g ◦ f )(Ω)} does not contain any non-empty open interval.
/t

Q-4 Consider the following assertions:

S1: ecos(t) 6= e2022 sin(t) for all t ∈ (0, π).
s:/

S2: For each x > 0, there exists a t ∈ (0, x) such that x = loge (1 + xet ).
S3: e| sin(x)| ≤ e|x| for all x ∈ (−1, 1).
tp

Which of the above assertions are correct?

ht

(a) Only S1
(b) Only S3
(c) Only S1 and S2
(d) Only S2 and S3
Q-5 Let a, b ∈ R such that a < b, and let f : (a, b) → R be a continuous function. Which of the following
statements are true?
(a) If f is uniformly continuous then there exist α ≥ 0 and β ≥ 0 satisfying |f (x) − f (y)| ≤
α|x − y| + β, for all x, y in (a, b).
(b) For every c, d such that [c, d] ⊆ (a, b), if f restricted to [c, d] is uniformly continuous then f is
uniformly continuous.
(c) If f is strictly increasing and bounded then f is uniformly continuous.
(d) If f is uniformly continuous then it maps Cauchy sequences into convergent sequences.

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Q-6 For α ≥ 0, define

1 + 2 α + · · · + nα
an =
nα+1
What is the value of lim an ?
n→∞

(a) The limit does not exist.

1
(b) α2 +1
1
(c) α+1
1
(d) α2 +α+1

Q-7 Let [x] denote the integer part of x for any real number x. Which of the following sets have non-zero
Lebesgue measure?

s
(a) {x ∈ [1, ∞) : limn→∞ [x]n exists }

h
(b) {x ∈ [1, ∞) : limn→∞ [xn ] exists }

at
(c) {x ∈ [1, ∞) : limn→∞ n[x]n exists }
(d) {x ∈ [1, ∞) : limn→∞ [1 − x]n exists }

tm
Q-8 Consider the function f : R2 → R defined by
1 1
f (x, y) = x 3 y 3 (x, y ∈ R).

Which of the following statements are true?

ne
(a) The directional derivative of f exists at (0, 0) in some direction
ir
(b) The partial derivative fx does not exist at (0, 0)
(c) f is continuous at (0, 0)
cs

(d) f is not differentiable at (0, 0)

e/

Q-9 Consider the function f : R2 → R defined by

(
1
(x − y)2 sin x−y if x 6= y
.m

f (x, y) =
0 if x = y

Which of the following statements are true?

/t

(a) f is continuous at (0, 0).

s:/

(b) The partial derivative fx does not exist at (0, 0).

(c) The partial derivative fx is continuous at (0, 0).
tp

(d) f is differentiable at (0, 0).

Q-10 Let (X, d) be a finite non-singleton metric space. Which of the following statements are true?
ht

(a) There exists A ⊆ X such that A is not open in X.

(b) X is compact.
(c) X is not connected.
(d) There exists a function f : X → R such that f is not continuous.
Q-11 Let A be an n × n matrix with entries in R such that A and A2 are of the same rank. Consider the
linear transformation T : Rn → Rn defined by T (v) = Av for all v ∈ Rn . Which of the following
statements are true?
(a) The kernels of T and T ◦ T are the same.
(b) The kernels of T and T ◦ T are of equal dimension.
(c) A must be invertible.
(d) In + A must be invertible, where In denotes the n × n identity matrix.

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Q-12 For a positive integer n ≥ 2, let Mn (R) denote the vector space of n × n matrices with entries in
R. Which of the following statements are true?
(a) The vector space Mn (R) can be expressed as the union of a finite collection of its proper
subspaces.
(b) Let A be an element of Mn (R). Then, for any real number x and ε > 0, there exists a real
number y ∈ (x − ε, x + ε) such that det(yI + A) 6= 0.
(c) Suppose A and B are two elements of Mn (R) such that their characteristic polynomials are
equal. If A = C 2 for some C ∈ Mn (R), then B = D2 for some D ∈ Mn (R).
(d) For any subspace W of Mn (R), there exists a linear transformation T : Mn (R) → Mn (R) with
W as its image.
2
Q-13 For a positive integer n ≥ 2, let A be an n × n matrix with entries in R such that An has rank

s
zero. Let 0n denote the n × n matrix with all entries equal to 0. Which of the following statements

h
are equivalent to the statement that A has n linearly independent eigenvectors?

at
(a) An = 0n
2
(b) An = 0n

tm
(c) A = 0n
(d) A2 = 0n
Q-14 Let U and V be the subspaces of R3 defined by

 x

z

ne


U =  y  ∈ R3 | 2x + 3y + 4z = 0 ,

ir
  
 x 
V =  y  ∈ R3 | x + 2y + 5z = 0 .
cs

z
 
e/

Which of the following statements are true?

(a) There exists an invertible linear transformation T : R3 → R3 such that T (U ) = V .
.m

(b) There does not exist any invertible linear transformation T : R3 → R3 such that T (V ) = U .
(c) There exists a linear transformation T : R3 → R3 such that T (U ) ∩ V 6= {0} and the charac-
/t

teristic polynomial of T is not the product of linear polynomials with real coefficients.
(d) There exists a linear transformation T : R3 → R3 such that T (U ) = V and the characteristic
s:/

polynomial of T vanishes at 1.
Q-15 Let V be the vector space of polynomials f (X, Y ) ∈ R[X, Y ] with (total) degree less than 3. Let
∂
T : V → V be the linear transformation given by ∂X . Which of the following statements are true?
tp

(a) The nullity of T is atleast 3.

ht

(b) The rank of T is at least 4.

(c) The rank of T is at least 3.
(d) T is invertible.
Q-16 Let W be the space of C-linear combinations of the following functions

f1 (z) = sin z, f2 (z) = cos z

f3 (z) = sin(2z), f4 (z) = cos(2z).

Let T be the linear operator on W given by complex differentiation. Which of the following
statements are true?
(a) Dimension of W is 3.
(b) The span of f1 and f2 is a Jordan block of T .
(c) T has two Jordan blocks.

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(d) T has four Jordan blocks.

Q-17 Let Pn be the vector space of real polynomials with degree at most n. Let h,i be an innerPproduct on
1 2 1 n
Pn with respect to which 1, x, 2! x , . . . , n! x is an orthonormal basis of Pn . Let f = i αi xi , g =
i
P
i βi x ∈ Pn . Which of the following statements are true?
P
(a) hf, gi = P i (i!)αi βi defines one such inner product, but there is another such inner product.
hf, gi = i (i!)αi βi
P
(b) hf, gi = i (i!)αi βi
(c) hf, gi = i (i!)2 αi βi defines one such inner product, but there is another such inner product.
P

(d) hf, gi = i (i!)2 αi βi

P

Q-18 On the complex

P vector space C100 with standard basis {e1 , e2 , . . . , e100 }, consider the bilinear form
B(x, y) = i xi yi , where xi and yi are the coefficients of ei in x and y respectively. Which of the

s
following statements are true?

h
at
(a) B is nondegenerate.
(b) Restriction of B to all nonzero subspaces is nondegenerate.

tm
(c) There is a 51 dimensional subspace W of C100 such that the restriction B : W × W → C is the
zero map.
(d) There is a 49 dimensional subspace W of C100 such that the restriction B : W × W → C is the
zero map.

ne
Q-19 For a bounded open connected subset Ω of C, let f : Ω → C be holomorphic. Let (zk ) be a sequence
of distinct complex numbers in Ω converging to z0 . If f (zk ) = 0 for all k ≥ 1 then which of the
following statements are necessarily true?
ir
(a) If f is nonzero, then z0 ∈ ∂Ω.
cs

(b) There exists r > 0 such that f (z) = 0 for every z ∈ Ω satisfying |z − z0 | ≤ r.
(c) If z0 ∈ Ω, there exists r > 0 such that f (z) = 0 on |z − z0 | = r.
e/

(d) z0 ∈ ∂Ω.
Q-20 For an open subset Ω of C such that 0 ∈ Ω, which of the following statements are true?
.m

(a) {ez : z ∈ Ω} is an open subset of C.

(b) {|ez | : z ∈ Ω} is an open subset of R.
/t

(c) {sin z : z ∈ Ω} is an open subset of C.

s:/

(d) {| sin z| : z ∈ Ω} is an open subset of R.

Q-21 Let f be an entire function such that f (z)2 + f 0 (z)2 = 1. Consider the following sets
tp

X = {z : f 0 (z) = 0} , Y = {z : f 00 (z) + f (z) = 0} .

Which of the following statements are true?

ht

(a) Either X or Y has a limit point.

(b) If Y has a limit point, then f 0 is constant.
(c) If X has a limit point, then f is constant.
(d) f (z) ∈ {1, −1} for all z ∈ C.
Q-22 Let U be a bounded open set of C containing 0 . Let f : U → U be holomorphic with f (0) = 0.
For n ∈ N, let f n denote the composition of f done n times, that is,

fn = f ◦ · · · ◦ f
| {z }
n times

while f 0 denotes the derivative of f . Which of the following statements are true?
0 n
(a) (f n ) (0) = (f 0 (0))

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(b) f n (U ) ⊂ U ,
n

(c) The sequence (f 0 (0)) n
is bounded
0
(d) |f (0)| ≤ 1
Q-23 Let a, b be positive integers with a > b and a + b = 24. Suppose that the following congruences
have a common integer solution:

2x ≡ 3a(mod5), x ≡ 4b(mod5).

Which of the following statements are true?

(a) 10 ≤ a − b ≤ 20.
(b) 3b > a > 2b.

s
(c) a > 3b.

h
(d) a − b is divisible by 5.

at
Q-24 Consider the function f (n) = n5 − 2n3 + n, where n is a positive integer. Which of the following
statements are true?

tm
(a) For every positive integer k, there exists a positive integer n such that - f (n) is divisible by 2k .
(b) f (n) is even for every integer n ≥ 20.
(c) For every integer n ≥ 20, either f (n) is odd or f (n) is divisible by 4.

ne
(d) For every odd integer n ≥ 21, f (n) is divisible by 64.
Q-25 Which of the following are class equations for a finite group?
ir
(a) 1 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 13 + 13 = 39
(b) 1 + 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 14
cs

(c) 1 + 3 + 3 + 7 + 7 = 21
e/

(d) 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 5 + 5 = 15
Q-26 Which of the following statements are necessarily true regarding a group G of order 2022?
.m

(a) Let g be an element of odd order in G and sg the permutation of G given by sg (x) = gx for
x ∈ G. Then sg is an even permutation.
/t

(b) The set H = {g ∈ G | order(g) is odd } is a normal subgroup of G.

(c) G has a normal subgroup of index 337.
s:/

(d) G has only 2 normal subgroups.

Q-27 Let A = Z[X]/ X 2 + X + 1, X 3 + 2X 2 + 2X + 6 . Which of the following statements are true?
tp

(a) A is an integral domain.

(b) A is a finite ring.
ht

(c) A is a field.
(d) A is a product of two rings.
Q-28 Let p be a prime number and let Fp denote an algebraic closure of the field Fp . We define

S = F ⊆ Fp | [F : Fp ] < ∞ .

Which of the following statements are true?

(a) S is an uncountable set.
(b) S is a countable set.
(c) For every positive integer n > 1, there exists a unique field F ∈ S such that [F : Fp ] = n.
(d) Given any two fields F1 , F2 ∈ S, either F1 ⊆ F2 or F2 ⊆ F1 .
Q-29 Let X ⊂ R5 be given the subspace topology. Which of the following statements are correct?

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(a) If X is finite, then every function f : X → R is continuous.

(b) If every function f : X → R is continuous, then X is finite.
(c) If X is compact and infinite, then X is uncountable.
(d) If X is connected and has at least two elements, then X is uncountable.
Q-30 Let R denote the set of real numbers with euclidean topology. Let Rl denote the space of real
numbers with lower limit topology. Recall that a basis of open sets for Rl is given by intervals of
the form [a, b) for all real numbers a, b. Which of the following statements are correct?
(a) If X is a nonempty connected subspace of Rl then X contains only one element.
(b) Rl contains a countable dense subset.
(c) Any open cover of R has a countable subcover.

s
(d) Any countable open cover of R has a finite subcover.

h
Q-31 Let A ∈ M3 (R) be skew-symmetric and let x : [0, ∞) → R3 be a solution of

at
x0 (t) = Ax(t), for all t ∈ (0, ∞)

tm
Which of the following statements are true?
(a) kx(t)k = kx(0)k, for all t ∈ (0, ∞).
(b) For some a ∈ R3 \{0}, kx(t) − ak = kx(0) − ak, for all t ∈ (0, ∞).
(c) x(t) − x(0) ∈ im A, for all t ∈ (0, ∞).
(d) limt→∞ x(t) exists.
ne
ir
Q-32 Consider the linear system y 0 = Ay + h where
cs

   
1 1 3t + 1
A= and h =
4 −2 2t + 5
e/

Suppose y(t) is a solution such that

.m

y(t)
lim = d ∈ R2 .
t→∞ t
What is the value of d?
/t

 
−4/3
(a)
−5/3
s:/

 
4/3
(b)
−5/3
tp

 
2/3
(c)
−5/3
ht

 
−2/3
(d)
−5/3
Q-33 Consider the two following initial value problems:
1
(I) y 0 (x) = y 3 , y(0) = 0.
1
(II) y 0 (x) = −y 3 , y(0) = 0.
Which of the following statements are true?

(a) I is uniquely solvable.

(b) II is uniquely solvable.
(c) I has multiple solutions.
(d) II has multiple solutions.

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Q-34 Let u be a solution of the following PDE

ux + xuy = 0,
u(x, 0) = ex .

Which of the following statements are true?

(a) u(2, 1) = e2
(b) u(1, 1/2) = 1
√
(c) u(−2, 1) = e− 2
√
2
(d) u(−2, 1) = e
Q-35 Let u : R3 → R satisfy ∆u = 0. Define v(x) = u(M x), where M is the 3 × 3 matrix

s
 
0 −1 0

h
M = 1 0 0 

at
0 0 1

Which of the following statements are necessarily true?

tm
(a) ∆v = 0
(b) ∆v = v
(c) div (M t M ∇v) = 0
(d) div (M t M ∇v) = v

Q-36 Consider α =
√
1+ 5
2 and β =
√
1− 5
2 .
ne
Define a sequence of numbers Fn as follows:
ir
αn − β n
Fn = for n = 1, 2, . . .
cs

α−β
Let p : R → R be a polynomial of degree at most 2 such that
e/

p(1) = F1 , p(3) = F3 , p(5) = F5 .

.m

Which of the following statements are TRUE?

(a) Fn = Fn−1 + Fn−2 for n ≥ 3
/t

(b) p(7) = 13
(c) Fn = Fn−1 + 2Fn−2 for n ≥ 5
s:/

(d) p(7) = 10
Q-37 Consider the ODE ẋ = f (t, x) in R, for a smooth function f . Consider a general second order
tp

Runge-Kutta formula of the form

x(t + h) = x(t) + w1 hf (t, x) + w2 hf (t + αh, x + βhf ) + O h3

ht

Which of the following choices of (w1 , w2 , α, β) are correct?

(a) 21 , 12 , 1, 1

(b) 12 , 1, 12 , 1

(c) 41 , 34 , 23 , 23

(d) (0, 1, 1, 1)

Q-38 Let X = u ∈ C 1 [0, 1] : u(0) = u(1) = 0 . Let I : X → R be defined as
Z 1
0 2
I(u) = e−u (t) dt, for all u ∈ X.
0

Let M = supf ∈X I[f ] and m = inf f ∈X I[f ]. Which of the following statements are true?

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(a) M = 1, m = 0.
(b) 1 = M > m > 0.
(c) M is attained.
(d) m is attained.
Q-39 If y(t) is a stationary function of
Z 1
2
1 − x2 (y 0 ) dx, y(−1) = 1, y(1) = 1


J [y] =
−1

subject to Z 1
y 2 = 1.
−1

s
Which of the following statements are true?

h
at
(a) y is unique.
(b) y is always a polynomial of even order.

tm
(c) y is always a polynomial of odd order.
(d) No such y exists.
Q-40 Consider the following system of integral equations

ϕ1 (x) = sin x +
Z x

0
ϕ2 (t)dt
Z x
ne
ϕ2 (x) = 1 − cos x − ϕ1 (t)dt
ir
0
cs

Which of the following statements are true?

(a) ϕ1 vanishes at atmost countably many points.
e/

(b) ϕ1 vanishes at uncountably many points.

(c) ϕ2 vanishes at atmost countably many points.
.m

(d) ϕ2 vanishes at uncountably many points.

Q-41 Let g be the solution of the Volterra type integral equation
/t

Z s
g(s) = 1 + (s − t)g(t)dt; for all s ≥ 0.
s:/

What are the possible values of g(1)?

tp

(a) 2e
1
(b) e − e
ht

1
(c) e + e
2
(d) e

Q-42 Let P1 = (x1 , y1 ) and P2 = (x2 , y2 ) be two points on the xy-plane with x1 different from x2 and
y1 > y2 . Consider a curve C = {z : z (x1 ) = P1 , z (x2 ) = P2 }. Suppose that a particle is sliding
down along the curve C from the point P1 to P2 under the influence of gravity. Let T be the time
taken to reach point P2 and g denote the gravitational constant. Which of the following statements
are true?
Rx q 0 (x))2
(a) T = x12 1+(z 2gz(x) dx
R x √1+(z0 (x))2
(b) T = x12 2gz(x) dx
(c) T is minimized when C is a straight line.
(d) The minimizer of T cannot be a straight line.

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Q-43 Let  
1/2 1/2 0 0 0

 1/2 1/2 0 0 0 
P=
 1/5 1/5 1/5 1/5 1/5 

 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 0 
0 0 0 0 1
be the one step transition probability matrix of a stationary Markov Chain. Which of the following
statements are true?

(a) All the states have same periods.

(b) All the states are transient.
(c) Some states are transient.

s
(d) All the states are recurrent.

h
Q-44 Let

at
 
0 1 0 0
 1 0 0 0 
P=
 0

0 0 1 

tm
0 0 1 0
be the one step transition probability matrix of a homogeneous Markov Chain. Which of the
following statements are true?
(a) It is an irreducible Markov Chain.
(b) All the states are recurrent.
ne
(c) limn→∞ Pn exists.
ir
(d) All the states have same period.
cs

Q-45 Let X1 and X2 be independent and identically distributed standard normal variables. Then which
of the following statements are correct?
e/

(a) Expected value of max (X1 , X2 ) is √1 .

π
.m

(b) Conditional expectation of X1 given X1 + X2 is 0.5 (X1 + X2 ).

(c) X1 − X2 and X1 + X2 are independent.
X1
(d) X12 + X22 and
/t

X2 are independent.
Q-46 Let X be a random variable whose distribution is symmetric about −2. Which of the following are
s:/

true?
(a) If X is discrete and P (X = −2) = 23 , then P (X > −2) = 1/6.
tp

(b) If X is discrete and P (X = −2) = 12 , then P (X > −2) = 1/2.

(c) If X is absolutely continuous, then P (X > −2) = 0.
ht

(d) If X is absolutely continuous, then P (X > −2) = 1/2.

Q-47 The probability density function of a continuous random variable X is given by
(
e−x , x > 0
f (x) =
0, otherwise

Let Y = [X], where [X] denotes the largest integer not exceeding X. Which of the following
statements are CORRECT?
(a) P (Y = 2) = 0
(b) P (Y < 1.2) = 1 − e−2 ,
e+1


(c) E Y 2 = (e−1) 2

1
(d) E(Y ) = (e−1)

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Q-48 Let X1 , X2 , . . . , X10 be a random sample from Uniform(0,1) and X(1) , X(2) , . . . , X(10) denote the
corresponding order statistics. Which of the following statements are true?
(a) X(2) ∼ Beta(2, 9)
(b) X(10) − X(1) ∼ Beta(11, 2)
2
 
(c) E X(2) = 11
3
 
(d) Var X(2) = 242

Q-49 Let {Xi : i ≥ 1} be a sequence of independent and identically distributed Bernoulli random variables
with P (X1 = 1) = p ∈ (0, 1). Which of the following sequences of estimators are consistent for p as
n → ∞?
 Pn
(a) n1 i=1 Xi : n ≥ 1

s
(b) {0.5 (Xn + Xn+1 ) : n ≥ 1}

h
 Pn
(c) n1 i=1 Xii : n ≥ 1

at
 Pn
(d) n1 i=1 X2i−1 X2i : n ≥ 1

tm
Q-50 Let {Xn : n ≥ 1} be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables and
the probability mass function of X1 is the following;
1
P (X1 = 1) = P (X1 = 3) = .
2

(a) converges to 2 in probability.

n
ne
If Yn = X1 + · · · + Xn , then which of the following staements are correct?
Yn
ir
(b) Variance nY2/3


n
converges to 0 , as n → ∞.
cs

Yn
(c) n2/3
converges to c in probability, where 0 < c < ∞.
Yn
(d) n2 converges to 0 in probability.
e/

Q-51 Let X1 , . . . , X10 be a random sample of size 10 from a continuous distribution with probability
density function
.m

(
e(θ−x) , x ≥ θ
fθ (x) =
0, otherwise
/t

θ ∈ R is unknown. Consider the problem of testing the null hypothesis H0 : θ ≤ 3 against the
alternate hypothesis H1 : θ > 3, based on X1 , . . . , X10 . Let L(θ) denote the likelihood function and
s:/

x(1) = min (x1 , . . . , x10 ). Which of the following statements are correct?
P10
(a) supθ≤3 L(θ) = e10x(1) e− i=1 xi
, if x(1) ≤ 3
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P10
(b) supθ≤3 L(θ) = e10x(1) e− i=1 xi
, if x(1) > 3
(c) The criticalregion of the likelihood ratio test of size α(0 < α < 1), for testing H0 against H1 ,
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is given by (x1 , . . . , x10 ) ∈ R10 : x(1) ≥ 31 − 10 loge (α)

(d) The criticalregion of the likelihood ratio test of size α(0 < α < 1), for testing H0 against H1 ,
1
is given by (x1 , . . . , x10 ) ∈ R10 : x(1) ≥ 3 − 10 loge (α)
Q-52 Let X1 , X2 , . . . , Xn be independent
and identically distributed normal random variables

with mean
µ and variance σ 2 . Suppose µ̂, σ̂ 2 is the maximum likelihood estimator of µ, σ 2 . Which of the
following statements are correct?
(n−1)σ̂ 2
(a) σ2 is a chi-square random variable with (n − 1) degrees of freedom.
(b) σ̂ is an unbiased estimator of σ 2 .
2

(c) Variance of σ̂ 2 tends to 0 as n → ∞.

n2 σ̂ 4
(d) (n−1)(n+1) is an unbiased estimator of σ 4 .

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Q-53 Suppose X1 , . . . , Xn are independent and identically distributed random variables from the Normal
distribution with mean θ and known variance σ 2 . If the prior distribution of θ is Normal with mean
µ and variance τ 2 , then which of the following statements are correct?
(a) With respect to the squared error loss function, Bayes estimator is the mean of the posterior
distribution.
(b) With respect to the squared error loss function, Bayes estimator is the median of the posterior
distribution.
(c) With respect to the absolute error loss function, Bayes estimator is the median of the posterior
distribution.
(d) With respect to the absolute error loss function, Bayes estimator is the mean of the posterior
distribution.
Q-54 Consider the multiple linear regression model Yi = β1 xi1 +· · · , +βp xip +i , with E (i ) = 0, Cov (i , k ) =

s
0, if i 6= k and Var (i ) = σ 2 , for i, k = 1, . . . , n. If ybl is the least squares fit of yi and bl is the

h
corresponding estimated residual for i = 1, . . . , n, then which of the following statements are always

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correct?
P P
(a) iˆi = 0 and i ybi b l = 0.

tm
P
(b) xij bl = 0; for all j = 1, . . . , p.
Pi P
(c)  l = 0 and i xij b l = 0; for all j = 1, . . . , p.
Pi
b
(d) iybl bl = 0.

X
 
0
 
1 ρ 0

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Q-55 Let  Y  ∼ N3  0  ,  ρ 1 0 , where |ρ| < 1. Which of the following are TRUE?
Z 0 0 0 1
ir


(a) Cor X 2 , Y 2 = ρ2 .


(b) Cor X 2 , Y = 0.
cs

(c) Cor X 2 , Z 2 = 0
e/

(d) Cor X 2 , Y 2 + Z 2 = ρ2
2x
Q-56 If the hazard function of a lifetime random variable X is given by r(x) = 1+x2 , x ∈ (0, ∞), indicate
.m

the correct options.

1
(a) Survival function of the random variable X is S(x) = 1+x2 , x ∈ (0, ∞).
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x2
(b) Survival function of the random variable X is S(x) = ∈ (0, ∞).
1+x2 , x
(c) Survival function of the random variable X cannot be determined from the given information.
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(d) The survival function, density function and distribution function can be determined from the
given information.
Q-57 The observation X has normal distribution with unknown mean −∞ < µ < ∞ and variance 1.
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Consider the problem of estimation of µ based on X under the squared error loss. Which of the
following statements are correct?
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(a) The Bayes estimator of µ under a proper prior is always biased.

(b) There is a proper prior for which the Bayes estimator of µ is unbiased.
(c) The Bayes estimator of µ under an improper prior is always biased.
(d) There is an improper prior for which the Bayes estimator of µ is unbiased.
Q-58 Consider the simple linear model Yi = βXi + i , for i = 1, · · · , n, where i 0 ’s are i.i.d N 0, σ 2

random variables and Xi 0 ’s are nonrandom, positive and distinct. Consider two estimates of β
given below Pn


i=1 Yi − Ȳ Xi − X̄
β̂1 = Pn
2
i=1 Xi − X̄
Pn
Yi Xi
β̂2 = Pi=1n 2
i=1 Xi
Which of the following are correct?

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(a) Both β̂1 and β̂2 are unbiased estimates for β.

(b) β̂1 has larger variance than β̂2 .
(c) β̂2 has larger variance than β̂1 .
(d) β̂1 has the same variance as that of β̂2 .
Q-59 Consider the hierarchical single linkage agglomerative clustering algorithm for three points X =
(1, 0), Y = (0, 2), Z = (3, 3), and the squared Euclidean distance matrix. The clustering algorithm
starts with three clusters. Then which of the following statements are correct.
(a) At the first step, after combining two nearest clusters, the single linkage distance between the
two newly formed clusters is 10.
(b) At the first step, X and Y are merged to form a new cluster.

s
(c) At the first step, after combining two nearest clusters, the single linkage distance between the

h
two newly formed clusters is 13.

at
(d) At the first step, X and Z are merged to form a new cluster.

Q-60 Let X be a random variable whose probability mass functions under H0 and H1 are given by the

tm
following

x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
fH0 (x) 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.94
fH1 (x) 0.06 0.05 0.04
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0.03 0.02 0.01 0.79

where, fH0 (x) = PH0 (X = x) and fH1 (x) = PH1 (X = x). Which of the following statements are
correct?
ir
(a) The critical region of most powerful test of size α = 0.04, for testing H0 against H1 , is given
cs

by {x : x ≤ 4}
(b) The critical region of most powerful test of size α = 0.04, for testing H0 against H1 , is given
e/

by {x : 3 ≤ x ≤ 6}
(c) The power of the most powerful test of size α = 0.04, for testing H0 against H1 , is 0.18
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(d) Most powerful test of size α = 0.04, for testing H0 against H1 , does not exist
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ht

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