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The document discusses various factors that influence mortality rates such as occupation, access to healthcare, standard of living, education level, birth rates, and data limitations. Mortality rates vary significantly based on occupation and are often higher for miners, construction workers, and those in the transportation industry. Having access to healthcare leads to lower mortality rates. Higher standards of living and education levels also correlate with lower mortality, especially for infants. Illegitimate births and high birth rates increase mortality. Mortality data has limitations and may not always accurately identify the precise cause of death.

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Sohag Mukhopadhyay
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12 views

Adobe Scan 02-May-2023

The document discusses various factors that influence mortality rates such as occupation, access to healthcare, standard of living, education level, birth rates, and data limitations. Mortality rates vary significantly based on occupation and are often higher for miners, construction workers, and those in the transportation industry. Having access to healthcare leads to lower mortality rates. Higher standards of living and education levels also correlate with lower mortality, especially for infants. Illegitimate births and high birth rates increase mortality. Mortality data has limitations and may not always accurately identify the precise cause of death.

Uploaded by

Sohag Mukhopadhyay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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76

Elements of Demography
that the incidence of suicide is very
in business activities. Tuberculosis iscommon
common
among those engaged
dents are frequent in construction and transportamong miners, acci
activities. Liver
troubles are common in transport workers. Prof. Guralink has worked
out the standardised death rate industrywise as under:
Industry Standardised death rate

Agriculture, forest and fisheries 97


Mining 125
Construction 119
Manufacture 92
Transport and communication 124
Wholesale and retail trade 99
Finance, Insurance Banking 94
Trade and maintenance industry 110
Personal services 122
Entertainment 135
Entrepreneur class 135
Public service 93

( Health services. In those places where health service facilities


are available death rate is observed to be less. Spread of health
services enables the control of diseases before they assume alarming
propórtions.
Cises of Infant Mortality
We can study the causes of.high infant mortality
under the
following heads:
Y BËrth related causes
respon
Under this head we can include those causes which are maturity
death like death due to birth before
sible for neona tal suffocation, lack of
period of pregnancy, deformity, birth wounds,
timely nedicl care etc.
LY Standard of living
Infant mortality and standard of living are mutually dependent.
abetter
Parents with higher income can bring up their children in
way. In other words, as the level of economic condition improves
infant mortality decreases. A survey conducted in Stockholm shows
that there is negative correlation between the living standard and
infant mortality as indicated in the following table:
Infunt mortality rate Father's income Father's income above
below 4,000 Kr. 10,000 Kr.
1. Infant mortality rate 48.9 14.3
2. Neonatal rate 24.0 11.4
3. Death rate from the
second to 12th month 24.9 2.9
Mortality and Mortality Measurement
77
Thedata reveals that infant
as compared to the rich. mortality is more among the poor
3YLack of education
In fact, mortality rate also depends on
parents. Educated parents provide the educational level of
give nourishing
them the best available medical care duringdiet to their children,
nize them against diseases through control devices. illness and immu
(4Y Medical treatment facilities
Death rate is less in those places where medical facilities are
available without much difficulty. Medical care can check the spread
of child diseases and timely medical care can control the disease in
the initial period. That is why infant mortality rate is less incities
as compared to rural areas.

(5YMigh birth rate


In countries with high birth rate the death rate too will be high.
Every decrease in birth will be followed by a corresponding fall in.
death rate.

6Ligitimacy
born out of
Infant mortality is high inillegitimnate children not born
wedlock. Death rate is comparatively less in children of legiti
on illegitimately born.
mate birth. Society looks down with contempt do away with such
children and their mothers. The tendency to mortality.
illegitimate children is another reason for the high infant
Limitations of Mortality Data
Besides, it is
Mortality data by causes are not easily available.
constraints in this.
The
not easy to find out the real causes of death.
respect are as under:
(1) Major portionof deaths takes place in the absence of doctors
which makes it dificult to diagonise theprecise causes of death.
(it) The person who registers the death has also a role in provid-
ing the correct cause of death. If he does not understand the real
cause of death the result can be erroneous.
(ii) At times the dead person might have been a patient suffer
ing from more than one disease. Therefore it is dificult to fix the
precise disease which caused death.
(iv) All cases of death are not registered which makes the data
incomplete.
Professor Hauser has stated that the entire causes of the short
comings of mortality data can be arranged under the folloWing
captions:

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