Chapter 2: Interior

Designing
Group 3
Presenters:
Mary Joy Cirujuano
Ali Zandra De Leon
Nikol-Ann Demesa
Mary Jane De Villa
 INTRODUCTION

Elements of Interior
Design

Agenda Principles of Interior

Design

Guidelines for Interior

Design

Soft furnishing in the

home
 Introduction
• The designing and decorating of
a house is an important process
as it is “what makes a house feel
like a home”.
• Decorating it to meet the needs
and wants of the owner is what
gives each home its individual
identity.
• Choices of furniture, layout,
artwork, plants, paints and
other accessories are the
important parts in the presentation title
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 Interior Designing
qINTERIOR DESIGN
- is the “Art or process of designing
of the interior of a room or building”.
qINTERIOR DESIGNER
- Is someone coordinates and
manages such project
qInterior Design is a multifaceted
profession that includes conceptual
development, communicating with the
stakeholders of a project and the
management and execution of the
design.
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 Elements of
Interior Design
 What is in the picture?

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 7 Elements of Interior Design
Lines Space Form

Shape Colour Pattern

Texture

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 1. LINES
qA mark, or stroke that is longer then it is wide. It is the
path of a point moving in space. Objects and things are
perceived by the line that describes them.

Characteristics of line include:

qWidth – thick, thin, Tapering, uneven
qLength – long, short, continuous, broken
qD i r e c t i o n – h o r i z o n t a l , v e r t i c a l d i a g o n a l , c u r v i n g ,
perpendicular, oblique, parallel, radial and zig-zag
qFocus – sharp, blurry, fuzzy, choppy
qFeeling – sharp, jagged, graceful, smooth

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 Types of lines
qVertical lines
- vertical lines lead the eye up.
• Adding height
• Formality
• Growth
• Spiritually
• Grandeur
• Strength to the design
Can be seen in:
• Tall furniture
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 qHorizontal lines
-horizontal lines leads the eye to the left and right.
• Calm
• Peace
• Gentleness
• Gravity
• Restfulness
Can be seen in:
• Long, low roofs
• Long, low furniture pieces such as sofas and chest.

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qDiagonal lines
Diagonal lines typically connote a sense of dynamic
movement, transformation, and freedom. Diagonal lines can
really bring life to a space, direct the eye upwards or
downwards, and add volume to a space, making it feel larger
than it is. That being said if applied incorrectly, diagonal lines
can conjure a sense of confusion and imbalance.
o Action
o Activity
o Movement
o Excitement
o Creates a sense of speed
Can be seen in:
o Staircases
o Cathedral ceilings
o Gable roofs
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qCurved Lines
- Curving lines whether freeform, arcing, circular, or
elliptical often feel natural, organic, playful, and soothing. If
you are looking to make a space flow curving lines are a
great way to do it. They are also very voluminous taking up
space within an interior.

Can be seen in :
• Doorway aches
• Ruffled curtains
• Curved furniture
• Rounded accessories
• staircases

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 2. Space
q In simple terms, space is the area available to work
within a room. It is in this defined space that an interior
designer designs the structure, divides the space to serve
the purpose of the room.
q Space can be defined as positive or negative :
• Positive space – Any space that is filled with furniture
and decor is defined as a positive space in interior design.
• Negative space- in interior design is the empty area
around and in between all the décor pieces.
• Striking the right balance between positive and negative
space in interior design is the true mark of an interior
designer.
Designers can create the illusion of physical space and
spatial relationship through:
qLinear Perspective
qSize and Vertical Location
qOverlapping
qLinear Perspective
- is based on the visual phenomenon that as parallel
lines. Linear perspective not only evokes a feeling of great
depth, but it also creates a strong focal point at the place
where the lines converge.
qSize and Vertical Location
- is one the easiest way to create the illusion of
space. A larger image will appear closer than a smaller
one because we observed ( very early in life) that objects
appear to overcome smaller as they get farther away.
qOverlapping
- is another easy way to suggest depth in image. When
objects overlap each other, the viewer perceives the one that
is covering parts of other to be in front and the one that is
covered to be back.
Too little space can create a
feeling of being exposed.
Very large rooms designed for
many people can produce a lonely
feeling when a person is alone.
Space is affected by the number and size of
objects in fit.
Many objects scattered throughout a room
will most likely destroy the space will have
no apparent organization for unity.
Objects grouped into
large units will create a
more ordered space.
 3. Shape
A shape is defined as:
qA two or more dimensional area
qAll objects are composed of shapes
and all other elements of design are
shapes in some way.
qShape is a flat image with two
dimensions; Length and width.
qShape can be created by enclosing
line, or by color and value changes
which define edges.
Two types of shapes
q Mechanical shapes or geometric shapes
- are the shapes that an be drawn using a ruler or
compass, mechanical shapes, whether simple or complex,
produce a feeling of control or order.
q Organic shapes
- are freehand drawn shapes that are complex and
normally found in nature. Organic shapes produce a
natural feel.
 4. Form
qForm is the outlined edges of a shape-dimensional
object.
qForm can be measured, from top to bottom (height),
side to side(width), and from back to front(depth).
qForm is also defined by light or dark.
qIt can be defined by the presence of shadows on
surfaces or faces of an object.
qForm maybe created by the combining of two or more
shapes.
 Organic – natural, living form

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Inorganic or geometric- man-
made, non-living forms
Geometric shape - circle, square,
rectangles, triangles, pentagon,
octagon, other polygons
Free-form – any non-geometric
shape: irregular, amorphic
 5. Texture
qThe element of texture is defined as “the feel,
appearance, or consistency of a surface”.
q Texture can be used to enhance a room’s features or
provide added dimension.
qTexture is a surface’s tactile quality
qTactile refers to the perception of touch.
Texture may be:

q Rough/smooth
q Wet/dry
q Hard/soft
q Shiny/matte(dull)
q Slick/sticky
q Slippery/abrasive
q Coarse/porous

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Types of texture
qVisual texture
- is a quality of the surface that you can “see”, but
not necessarily “felt”.
qActual texture
- is a quality of the surface that you can both “see and
feel”.
 6. Color
qColor is the key element of interior design.
qIt is used to create aesthetically pleasing combinations
and also works on a psychological level.
qIt can give emphasis to create a hierarchy and the piece
of art.
qColor saturation gives a color brightness or dullness.
qColor may connote emotion (excitement, rage, peace)
and stimulate brain activity (action, relaxation and
concentration)
 The Importance of color
qColour is one of the most fundamental and influential
aspects of interior design.

q  C o l o u r s el e c t i o n i s   a m a j o r f a c t o r i n d e t e r m i n i n g
the success or failure of a decorative scheme.  The carefully
considered use of colour can unify furnishings and finishes
to produce a cohesive and pleasing result. 

qColour plays a major role in defining the mood of a

scheme and so the designer should allow the visual design
concept (derived from the brief), together with
consideration of the shape and proportions of a room, to
guide and inform the selection of colours in order to
achieve the desired effect.
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 THE COLOR WHEEL
qThe colour wheel provides a system for relating colours
to one another in order to devise the basis of a colour
scheme.  If the designer derives a colour scheme from
some other source of inspiration, the colour wheel is still
useful to identify the type of colour combination selected
and to rationalize how (and to provide a guide as to
whether) the scheme works.
 THREE DIMENSION OF COLORS
1. HUE
qHue is the most obvious characteristic of colour.  
qHue is described by the name of the colour (e.g. red, blue,
yellow, etc.) and is determined by its position along the
band of the visible spectrum.  There are an infinite number
of hues along the visible spectrum.
qA h u e i s a p u r e c o l o u r w i t h o u t t i n t o r s h a d e ( s e e
below).  Hues are depicted on the colour wheel and the
terms ‘hue’ and ‘colour’ are used interchangeably.
2. VALUE

qValue is defined as the relative lightness or darkness

of a colour and is determined by the amount of black
or white which is either inherent in or added to the
pure hue (of normal value).
q Value gradations are determined by the amount of
light the colours reflect and values are changed by
adding white or black to make colours reflect more or
less light.  
qLighter values are called tints and darker values are
called shades.  There can be a light blue or a dark blue
of exactly the same hue.
 TINT
SHADE
A tint is a lighter colour
A shade is a darker colour
tone than the normal
tone than the normal value
value
 3. INTENSITY
qIt refer to the relative purity, vividness or
saturation of a colour, as contrasted with
greyness, dullness or neutrality of that hue.
q A colour is at full intensity at the normal
value of the hue, which are described as
being of high or strong intensity.  
qA n i n t e n s e c o l o u r c a n b e d u l l e d o r
desaturated by addition of a colour which
is remote from it in the spectrum, making
it less pure or intense.

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Colors have degrees of transparency:
q A color is transparent if the viewer can see clearly
through it.
q A color is translucent if it admits light but the image
is diffused and cannot be seen clearly.
q A color is opaque if it can’t be seen through
 q Red -  is associated with fire and blood
and therefore connotes heat, force,
intensity and danger. Red can raise body
temperature, pulse rate and blood
pressure.

q Orange - tends to produce a cheerful

response which is why it is widely used
in commercial settings.  Orange tints
include beige and tan, which are popular
background colours; orange shades include
browns.
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 qYellow - It is considered less aggressive than
red. Yellow is  the colour of  sunshine,
happiness, activity and mild stimulation.  

qBrowns - are more alike than the reds,

oranges and yellows from which they
derive. Browns are warm, dignified and
comforting; they can be rustic or
refined.  As well as positive connotations
of wood, raw textiles, brick and earth,
they also have unfortunate associations
with dirt and soil.  Without the lift of
livelier colour accents, browns can
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 q Green is the warmest of the cool colours
thanks to its yellow content.
Its   association with grass and trees,
makes green calming and restful to the
eyes.  Green is regarded as the most
natural colour with connotations of health
and wellbeing. 

q Blue is the coolest of the cool colours and

appears restful and calm.  Its associations
with sky and water suggest
spaciousness, simplicity and purity.

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 qViolet and purple should be approached
with caution as they incorporate the
conflicting values of warmth and coolness,
of dynamism and calm, and can be quite
disturbing to some observers. 

qWhite is not strictly a colour, but is the

result of the combination of all colours.  Its
absence of chromaticity makes it a symbol
of purity, simplicity, clarity and cleanliness.

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 qBlack is another non-colour; the opposite
of white.  Black is a strong colour with
implications of strength, dignity and
formality, with implications of emptiness or
gloominess. 

qGrey results either from the mixture of

black and white, or from mixtures of
complementary colours.  Greys are neutrals
that can range from light to dark and
from non-chromatic (totally neutral) tones
to warmer or cooler chromatic tones,
depending on the temperature of the
tones tones they are mixed with. 
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 7. Pattern
qPattern relates to the repetition of a graphic motif
on a material. Remember that texture refers to the
2D quality of a surface, where as a pattern relates
to illustrative perception.
qIn commercial interior design, pattern is often
applied using wallcoverings, tile, carpeting, and
other graphic elements.