nly falves, ranch cannections and welds are 23s analysis of such system is different from normal pipe stress analysis, eventhough both the pipes are subjected temperature. In case of normal Unlike normal pipe stress analysis where most ofthe checks are available from computer output as the program is inline with various codes. iniéase of jacketee! The various checks which are to be carried out manually in addition to compliance of code are as follow: Limits of ealeulated stresses’ due to ‘sustained loads and displacement strains for Core as well as Jacket Pipe. This can be checked from Computer SUtpUnexeIugINg at the junction points. eERRigp oan to bacaecourmny \While checking at junction point, the allSWABIe’stegs ‘tage 'ghall be taken as f core ay Jacket. \we nave te pickup thatipanicular junction point which ‘SeeSimaximumoi allthesevalUes. And the same has to de seen for both i.e. CORSiaSWeliasiackety Tee. we nowe be add up Jargi}uslinal stress due to axial force af junchin PROCESS § PLANT ENGINEERING - OCTOBER-DECEMBER'99 to treed culaled disp ceamen bepress, CT ss ca be Comidered by CIF by allowing to add F/R ingheses [Fem Somber fom ARTICLE Stress Analysis of discontinuos Jacketed System Chiat Engineer. ising, gineers Lid, Mumbal PSS. Sandyopadh Jalal Consultants ‘Where i vette (Seycorpuion Biabement stress Range [*! Computes Catuinal Stress Area for Jack Basic allowable stress at minimum metal temperature expected $= basic allowable stress at maximum metal laneieapeone isto be gemipares wih And this Limits of calculated stresses due to This canbe checked frm computor Ut aay (emma art chock /caicuaton so ‘carried out at the junction point. The jee. in the form of formula it can UO he Garb 21.998,rcone {yt A 8. +S,.+B £1.33, for JACKET ASB per wind or earthquake and hat particular check = 3 Checking @f Buckling load (Manval calculation) This check de. As a result, computer f the same. However, program give: a Cortg - sokup)mmm ARTICLE And the same which is given by the formula andit has to be calculated. A cr Where ® calculated by computer rogram inthe junction point “Ber Crioal Force ‘Ens Modulus of Elasticity 3 IG = Moment of inertia tor core. Patm = Almospherc pressure Check = 6 Checking of deletion for the Jacket Innis ces assumed tat socerspideris uses enreon core ecko is sa ij = Moment of inertia for jacket ‘Wy = Length of Pipe between the junction of core/jacket. if P¢Rcr then No buckling failure. Pal = Area of Weld X 60% of allowable stress, Where, Pall Allowable load. 2 = Diameter of Core Tube >= P calculated by computer program in the junction point “hen the system is safe, JACKET] CORE PIPE = "tis observed that sometimes the 1 formula to be used = (Reter Page 258 case “Design of Piping system by Ketlog") S = Deflection in inch W = UnitWL; Lb pert. Modulas of Elasticity in Psi ‘Moment of Inertia inch* The Distance Between the junction of core jacket inf. SHANVIKS i Who'sWho& Where™ In the Indian Fertilizer Industry™ DIRECTORY 1998-99 is under Compilation you may send your entries at the earliest for further details and entry forms contact : || SHANVIK PUBLICATIONS PVT. LTD. | VOL XVILNO.3 te th of pr of cc th te ar us sit fig tu. w ph ” rec are pre pre ott nee ocJacket pipe input oe Core pipe input Prepare the isometric by node numbering for core pi Identity the spider locations” Identity support locations ‘All support locations on jacket pipe to have spiders locations on core pipe“ oe Model core pipe. Model al spiders. Horizontal pipe to- give guide and bidirectional restraint Vertical ~~ pipe - give guide. For spiders do not give the connecting nodes now...“ Do not model the equipment at this stage. For each bend midpoint change the node to a different series e Jacket input Copy the core model on itself. Set node increment by 10000. In setup of the duplicate mode select the option as do not copy anchors and restraint. Change the input to jacket properties for following points 3 Diameter Thickness“ on 7 9 £ -=(Corresion allowance >) . > "Insutation-thickness 767 Temperature Pressu Etfectve jacket densi ffJacKe Md - Th ocket uid occupies ony he annular vote, Insulation density > Remove all the rigid element inputs that come in the jacket input part. At the end point Gi ‘on core with connecting node on the jacket piont. ~~ End points Delete the spread sheet for flanfge portion of the jacket input. Connect the flange core neck node to the respective jacket node, The flange face node will be anchored. ee For modelling the equipment connect the flange face node to the equpment to be modelled or the displacement to be fed by a connecting node — Other flanges e Alta fargescomec ne jacket pipe ang he coe pp a thence neck Del shaaore fang porto ofacketpt par Spiders + Give restraints on core pipe:~ Horizontal pipe - give guide and bidirectional vértical restraint Vertical pipe - Give guide : Connect core pipe to the jacket node point by restraints and give a gap of 1.5 mm. ‘Supports _-— Give supports on jacket pipe i Make sure that ali support nodes have spiders at that locations on the core pipe /Equipment ‘Model the equipment/displacement as is applicable,How to stress analyze . jacketed piping Thermal end reactions can be predicted oe . for jacketed piping carrying a process fluid in an inner pipe heated by steam Ss 4 « between the pipe and jacket “ a Richard Getz, Catalytic, Inc, Philadelphia, Pa. Com- ' Jacrerso pivinc requires special stress analysis i monly used to convey very viscous proces fuids in an “sner pipe, heated by steam between the outer jacket and inner pipe, thermal end reactions ean be predicted. Vac- { uum jacketing is also used as an insulator for eryogenic | Wluids and can be analyred wsing the same calculation method for heated jacketed piping i By example, strewe problems occuring with this ‘ype of piping sytem will be desribed. The example assumes | 3 process uid requiring constant, uniform heat not avail able through steam or electrical tracing systems. It further Susumer the need for 3 staniew steel inner pipe or core fad an outer carbon steel pipe or jacket. Since both pipes Are rigidly attached 0 Banger in spool pitces and each ipe has a different thermal expansion coefficient, axial ‘ress will be analyzed. J HL ein 240 © a jaceet shun seh. 10 5S core owe Example. An isometric drawing of the sample problem ‘+s shown on Fig. 1. The construction is a three inch schedule 10 stainless steel core pipe with a four inch schedule 40 carbon steel jacket. The jacket covers the core = ‘or its emire length and flanges are used for system dis- -antling. The heating medium is 180 psi saturated steam; proper collection and removal of condensate has been assumed. It has alio been assumed that the core pipe and jacket pipe are at thermal equilibrium. Core/jacket stress analysis, This example has a pro- cess core pressure of 30 psig; with jacket pressure at 160 sig, the core is subjected to an external pressure of 150’ psig. The core pipe must be investigated for col- lapse oF local buckling from the extemal pressure load. Conventional techniques as outlined in the ANSI and = ASME Codes can be used. Since the core is at the same temperature as the jacket, © im this example, the anly differential expansion would be pansion between the stainless core and earbon steel. Sa jacket. The compressive and tensile stresses ean fe readily Fig. 1—Izomsing erawing of example probiemcalcvlated as in an indeterminate structure using éata from Table 1. Weft: 206 eon ty ter Libe/i200 fin. = 83 (107 toe aur = [ Ate Et tae ] = en = [Be tow 1.27)(28.3) L{RESS ANALYZE JACKETED PIPING Fig. 2—Typieal tango, jacket, core construction ‘TABLE 1—Example data mt [enero PRBS @ |i) of | enen FRB, ah | BBs | | ABE Fast apo iain : — [ppp 289 tesco eae lx Ty28.3) + BING Sy) BMC | = 8.5(10) — (0.289(8.5)(10)] = 8.5(107) — 2.4610) = 6.04(10~4) 24 = ty Ea = 6.04(107)(28.3)(10") = 17,100 psi (compression) to ™ (Ber—es) Ee = [8.5(10~) —6.04(10~) 27.9010) = (6860 pai (tension) Euler’s equation gives the critical column load for failure by elastic instabilt where: C= 2 (constant for col. one end fixed and one free) View this assumption conservatively since the spacers will provide sone degree of lateval restraint. In addition, expansion stress is self-limiting: that is, alter deformation is complete, the magnitude of the forces reduce to zero. Localized buckling of the core pipe from differential expansion should not be detsimental if geeld within rea- sonable limits, Additional Isteral restraints, inthe forin of spacers, ean cause high axial loads which could con- ceivably initiate distress at the pipe to lange welds. This factor, as well as other aspects of design, must be con- sidered when spacing and location of core pipe spacers are established. Fig. 1 illustrates the potential difficulties that_ may arise {rom indiscriminate placement of spacers or flange locations. ‘A computer analysis was made of the Fig. 1 vertical piping section and a maximum expansion bending stress vvalue of > 65,000 psi was obtained. This can be viewed as a conservative level since some relief will be afforded by the clearance in the spacer/guide arrangement, How- ever, it can be readily observed that plastic deformations will occur leading to eyelic damage. To prevent this condition, spacer/guide and flange locations must b+ extablished to provide enough inherent exibility of the core pipe within the confines of the jacket geometry ‘As can be seen from the above illustration, guides/ spacers should be located to act only as “supports” for deadweight bending of the core pipe. Indiscriminat location of spacers/guides can produce a “locked-up” condition resulting in high expansion stresses Discontinuity stresses. At flange locations, stresses re- sulting from geometric and metallurgical discontinuities can be high enough to justify analysis. Fig. 2 is a typical arrangement of flange, jacket and core constriction, Streses fom differental radial dis placements, and dissimilar coefficients of expansion should be determined." ‘An example caleulation illustrates the concept of flanges considered as ring stiffeners to determine stress: 100 psi, Re = 1.285/V225 Data: Shell, steam pressure 25 in, {82 (10%) (C steel at 400° F) Jacket, ¢= 0237 in., A= 1.285/V Re (0.237)= 1.76 Ring, w=2.0 in, Ring Temperature) ‘K = R./R, (SS at 300° F) 4 T,= 300° — 70" Discontinuity stresses at jacket/ring intersection due to pressure and temperature 17 PRY + 2Ee (as = a) (ST* 1.67 a = 9.47 (10+), 30° F L = 240 inch (20 feet between flanges) Mike 188 1.3K" + 0.7 tq = 1.20 in. (radius of gyration) : bela mae [es eeeeeye ae 2.02"(28.3)(10') _ 557(10°) 1.7(180)(2.25) (0.287) +2(27.9)(6.82. 8:47)(230)(0.237) 40/12)" ~ 4.0(10°) 6.6140.79(2.42)(03) 13,900 psi < 17,100 psi, ¢ (compression) 163—1910 __ This calculation indicates the column will suffer local- ined buckling caused by the constraint of the core pipe from free expansion. The example assumes no lateral reatraint is afforded by spacers provided on the core pipe. 140 757 My = 230 in.lbs = 2dMe = 2(1.76) (—230) = —810 February 1978 Hypaocarnow Processixc 2, =3.5 in. at 300° F (Averagesve (Longitudinal) = 4 24,600 psi ove (Greuneeniat) = PR Bang «Mtn 180(2.25) _ 2-810) : NT — aay (76) (2.25) + 222) (176) 225) = 1710 + 27,100 =: 13,550 = 42,360 psi outside «s (Radial) = 15310 psi inside x will not be combined with other loadings for the purpose of this analysis, but should always be evaluated. The longitudinal discontinuity stress then becomes: o: — 65 24,600 — 0 = 24,600 psi + Combined strestes at the juncture are then evaluated which include: (a) discontinuity stresses, (b) axial col- umn loading from dissimilar core and jacket, (¢) pres- = fire stresses, (d) deadweight bending and (e) stresses "imposed from thermal external bending loads. These ‘ress levels should then be weighed against a limit that, 11 ensure cyclic elastic behavior at the joint. For this _analysis we have taken the approach of ANSI B31.3 =” for total stress evaluation, S,= 1.25 ( Se Ss) = Si, where 4, Scand Sy are 20,000 psi each: (a) Discontinuity stresses 24,600 pai (Longitudinal Direction) (b) Axial column loading, e 6,860 psi (Jacket) (c) Longitudinal Pressure ‘Stress = ¥5 hoop stress 2 = (PR,/2) = 855 psi (Jacket) (a) Deadweight Bending _2,000 psi (Assumed) 5 ~ SSIS psi The difference of combined stresses from (2) to (4), ‘compared to allowables can then be used as a minioum * for: (e) thermal external bending loads. In this examp!s S,= 1.25 (20,000 + 20,000) - = 50,000 psi Teal (a) through (4) = 34315 pal (5!) Uowable thermal bending stress (e) = 15,685 psi Composite core/jacket analysis, Prediction of terminal ‘end reactions of the composite core/jacket section can be determined by simulating a jacket shell thickness that is representative of the combined moments of inertia of the “core and the jacket pipe. In our example, the following applies: Srin. Sch 10 Core, 7 = 1.82 int E = 28.3 (10%) ‘Ain. Sch 40 Jacket, 1=7.32 int E = 27.9(10) Since, for the analysis, we will use the carbon steel , + jacket with a modulus of elasticity of 27.9 (10*), an adjustment in the core moment of inertia would te: |. 15282 (283/279) = 185 "Tal equivalent J = 1.85 int + 732 int =9.17 int Using an OD of 4.5 inch, the equivalesit shell thickness + may be calculated : 7 Hypnocanson -Processmo February 1978 we EY nar es Afier the equivalent shell thickness has been deter mined, conventional flexibility analysis techniques ean be applied to ealeulate stresses and end reactions Step by step approach. A reasonable approach to the design and analysis of jacketed systems is: 1. Establish parameters for Range and spacer/guides loca- tions, This is a significant consideration when there is dif- ferential expansion between the core and jacket 2. Perform a fiexiblity analysis of the core pipe when re. Quired by the constraints of No. 1 above, — -— i" *-1 3. Evaluate all combined stresifi, Fe. discontinuity, ther- 4. Perform a flexibility analysis, predicting stresses and end reactions, of the combined core/jacket section where inherent flexibility appears to be minimal or strain-sensi- tive equipment is used. “B. Pay special atiention to the local effects of vents, pres- sure taps, drains, etc. for their contribution to the problem of differential core/jacket expansions In this example, a computer analysis was performed for the piping configuration shown on Fig. 1. Predicted jacket thermal bending stresses were within the stress limits estab- lished by the analysis of the combined loadings. Were this riot the case, additional flexibility would be required by geometry changes or a bellows type expansion joint would be provided on the jacket pipe. The bellows would, for practical purposes, eliminate the axial column loading and discontinuity streses. NOMENCLATURE, CCromacctonal metal ares of the catbon steeh jacket EfStcactonal metal area of the sainesa eel core. Ccswtane 22 fora column with one end fed and the ther free. Stodulus of cance, pi Moment of Soeras, a” Ratio of ring radia to shel radius Creager Sl ingth 24D in for 4 20 pine 4 4 MM, Semen, in-tbs 'B Presore within the jacket = 160 pai 2, Rach of gration ='12 for $3 core pipe, in. HL Equivalent tell regia, Redhat cre wet i Allowable sess, pi Sl Surem at amsient temperature = 20,000 pri from ANSE BSL Se Stee at from ANS! B3L.3 5, Longitudinal sre, pai Reena the ealben ste pipe, in Equivalent iment of inertia of the composite core el thickness representing the combined mo- a thietness be com iw pipe Barge, in. ‘chucdl Toad on 2 mrwctural column, Ibs Tots Hace ermal Gplcnoy betacen 70°F and wm ature of eam 3 18 3 ett of near Ceraal expansion betwoen 10°F 0d nears at 180 pa Sot anton steel 8 St senfeu wee fered a8 a shell foge considered 38 3 Ting rin between the core and jacket = (2 (SS ‘where 1200" lengeh of Subseriges €- Penaine to carbon eel jacket LITERATURE CITED Mirena sw fru Vine wih Caan . of Serie © mu