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Human Reproductive System

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Kei Urltel
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13 views

Human Reproductive System

Uploaded by

Kei Urltel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Human Reproductive System

Reproductive System – biological system made up of all


anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction

Two types:
Male Reproductive System
Female Reproductive System

Male
- Produces male gametes (sperm cells)
- Transfer them to the female
Female
- Produces female gametes (egg cells/ovum(S)/ova(P))
- Receives male gametes
- Carries the baby throughout its development (if
fertilized by sperm
External Structures: Male
Penis – deposits the sperm into the vagina during mating
Scrotum – hangs behind the penis and contains the
testicles (regulates temperature) (sperm form best at 35
degrees Celsius
Testis – responsible for making testosterone and sperm
cells
Epididymis – coiled tub. It carries, stores, and brings the
sperm to maturity

Internal Structures: Male


Vas deferens – transports mature sperm to the urethra in
prep for ejaculation (vasectomy: cut or tie vas deferens)
Ejaculatory duct – formed by the fusion of the vas
deferens and the seminal vesicle
Urethra – passageway of urine and semen
Small Glands: Male
*Seminal vesicle – produces sugar – (fructose) that
provides sperms with a source of energy and helps with
the sperms’ ability to move
*Prostate gland – a wall-nut structure which contributes
additional fluid to ejaculate, and help to nourish the
sperm
*Cowper’s gland – bulbourethral gland, produces clear,
slippery fluid that empties directly into the urethra.
Serves to lubricate the urethra and to neutralize the
acidity due to drops of urine
Internal Structures: Female
Ovary – site of oogenesis (production of egg cells –
spermatogenesis is the production of sperm cells);
produced hormones estrogen and progesterone.
Counter-part of testes, part of endocrine system
Fimbriae – picks up the ovum from the ovary, it catches
the egg
Fallopian tube – also called oviduct, passage from ovary
to uterus; site of fertilization
Endometrium – nourishes the embryo; sheds during
menstruation
Uterus – site of egg implantation, embryo development
Cervix – muscular opening of the uterus
Vagina – entrance of the penis, also called birth canal

Females have 2 ovaries, which alternate each month to


produce an egg or ovum
Important Hormones
Hormones – are chemical messengers of the body. They
are important to maintain homeostasis.
Pituitary gland – master gland, it connects to every part
of endocrine system

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)


Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Male
FSH – signals sperm production
LH – stimulates production of testosterone

Testosterone
- Most important male hormone
- It is responsible for regulating sex differentiation,
male sex characteristics, spermatogenesis and
fertility
Female
FSH – signals development of egg cells (oogenesis)
LH – plays a role in the development of ova and
stimulation of estradiol and progesterone production

Estrogen
- Instrumental in breast development, fat distribution
in the hips, legs and breasts, and the development of
reproductive organ
- Secreted by ovaries prior to ovulation

Progesterone
- Helps prepare the body for potential pregnancy
- Prohibits muscle contractions in the uterus that
would cause the body to reject an egg
- Secreted by ovaries after ovulation
- If egg is not fertilized, progesterone levels become
low and menstruation happens

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