Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargaon – 423603

(An Autonomous Institute)

Department of Civil Engineering

CIA Activity

Academic Year 2022-23

Course and Course Code Civil Engineering
Class and Div. B.Tech (A)
Subject Dams And Hydraulic Structure
CIA Topic Basin Study Of Bhandardara Dam
Name of Faculty Dr. M. V. Jadhav
Roll No. Name of Students
06 Dale Dhanshri Anil
81 Shirke Puja Sarjerao

Dr. C. L. Jejurkar Dr. M. V. Jadhav

(Faculty In charge) (HOD)

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 Acknowledgement

I would like to express my deep and sincere to my guide Dr. C. L. Jejarkar Sir of Civil
Engineering for their unflagging support and continuous encouragement throughout the CIA
work. Without their guidance and persistent help this report would not have been possible. Also
they have given us valuable suggestion, excellent guidance and continuous encouragement in the
completion of this work.
I thank Dr. M. V. Jadhav Sir Head of Civil Engineering Department, the co-operation and
encouragement for collecting the information and preparation of data.
I would like to express my sincere thanks and appreciation to Director Dr. A. G. Thakur
Sir.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sr.No Chapter Page No.

Cover Page 1
Acknowledgement 2
Table of Content 3
1.0 Introduction 4
2.0 Bhandardara Dam 5, 6
3.0 Silent Features of Bhandardara Dam Basin 7
4.0 What is Basin ? 8
5.0 Basin Features 9
6.0 Rectification of Bhandardara dam 9
7.0 Affect of Runoff on Characteristics of basin 10, 11
8.0 Advantages 12
9.0 Disadvantages 13
10.0 Conclusion 14
References 15

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1. Introduction

Dam is structure or obstacle constructed across the river to store the water.
Dams are built to provide water for human consumption, irrigation or industrial use.
They are used to increase the amount of water available for generating hydroelectric process.
Dams are of following types :
A. Gravity Dam
B. Arch Dam
C. Buttres Dam
D. Earthen Dam
E. Rockfill Dam

A. Gravity Dam -
A gravity dam is a structure designed to withstand loads by its own weight and by its
resistance to sliding and overturning on its foundation. Newer dams of this type are typically
composed of unreinforced concrete monoliths with seals at the joints.

B. Arch Dam –
An arch dam is a concrete dam that is curved upstream in plan. The arch dam is designed
so that the force of the water against it, known as hydrostatic pressure, presses against the arch,
causing the arch to straighten slightly and strengthening the structure as it pushes into its
foundation or abutments.

C. Earthen Dam –
The dams which are constructed of earth as a major material such as gravel, sand, silt and
clay are called earthen dams. 

D. Rockfill Dam –
Rockfill dams are mainly made from dumped and compacted rock fill. Rockfill dams are
permeable. They have an impermeable core or an impermeable layer on the upstream face of the
dam to prevent seepage through the porous core. The impermeable parts are usually made of
reinforced concrete, asphaltic concrete or clay.

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 Fig. 1.1 Cross Section of Gravity Dam

2. Bhandardara Dam

Bhandardara is a holiday resort village near Igatpuri, in the western ghats of India.
The village is located in the Akole tehsil, Ahmednagar district of the state of Maharashtra, about
185 kilometers (115 mi) from Mumbai and 155 kilometers (96 mi) from Ahmednagar.
Bhandardara sits by the Pravara River, and the natural environment, waterfalls,
mountains, Wilson dam, Arthur lake and Randha falls are tourist attractions.

A village near Bhandardara

Village Folks at Bhandardara

Bhandardara attractions include Wilson Dam and Arthur Lake. The recent attraction in
this place is Fireflies camp in the Purushwadi area.
There are number of historic and natural places of interest near the dam. From
Bhandardara, visitors can climb up to see the Ratangad and Harishchandragad forts. Or visitors

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can follow the trails that lead to Ajoba and Ghanchakkar peaks. The highest peak
in Maharashtra, Mount Kalsubai is 1646 m, and the starting point for this trek is Bari Village,
located 12 km away from Bhandardara. Atop, there is a small temple located at the summit, with
views of Sahyadris and Bhandardara. The toughest trio-forts in Sahyadri namely Alang
Fort, Madangad fort and Kulang gad (also called A-M-K) located on the southern side. A very
narrow Sandhan valley is on the Western side of the dam.

Information related Dam –

 This is the existing major irrigation project dam constructed during year 1910 to 1926 in
the upper high rainfall zone of Pravara valley in Akole Tahsil.
 It is 5km away from origin of river Pravarariver with 650m height from sea level.
 According to a government circular W/V/2098 dated 25/02/1913 the dam called as 'Lake
Arthur Hill'
 after completion of a dam in 1926 in the inaugural function of the dam was organized in
presence of Sir Lesli Wilson, Governor of Bombay after that the dam called as Wilson
Dam.
 Today it is called as 'Bhandardara Dam, according to local village name Bhandardara.
 The catchment area of the dam is 122 Sq. km.,
 Submergence area is 1555 ha and the live capacity of the dam is 318.69 M. Cum (11.20
T.M.C.).
 The total cultural command area (CCA) of the dam is 63740 ha and irrigated command
area (ICA) is 23077 ha.
 There are two sub-division of canal one is a right bank canal (CCA 23650 ha) and other
is left bank canal (CCA 40090 ha).

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 Bhandardara Dam

3. Silent Features of Bhandardara Dam Basin

1. Type of dam- Masonry Gravity am

2. Toposheet number- 47 E 14
3. Latitude- 19-32-43 N
4. Longitude-73-45-30 E
5. Height of dam- 82.32m
6. Length of dam- 507.00m
7. Top width of dam-7.00m
8. Year of completion –1926
9. Year of starting-1910
10. Catchment area-122.00 sq. km
11. Live Storage- 312.63 MCM
12. Dead Storage- 8.50 MCM
13. Top of parapet wall-747.335m
14. High flood level-745.420m
15. Full reservoir level-744.725m
16. Sill R.L of 50 feet outlet- 678.980m
17. Sill R.L of 100 feet outlet- 694.220m
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 18. Sill R.L of 150 feet outlet- 709.270m
19. Sill R.L of 200 feet outlet 724.700m
20. Spillway Type- 42 feet * 26 feet
12.5m*7.93m, 2nos Radial Gates
21. Spillway Open Bar Length- 170.00m
22. Spillway Discharging Capacity-
a. From Radial Gates- 1500 cumecs
b. From Open Bar -2550 cumecs
23. Spillway crest R.L- 736.80m
24. Spillway gate top R.L- 744.875
25. Spillway W W Bar top R.L- 745.025m
26. Area of submergence- 1555.00 Ha
27. Annual Rainfall (up Ghat)- 5460mm
(On Dam) – 3225mm
28. Capacity- 11TMC

4. What is Basin ?

A drainage basin is an area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single

point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A
basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, the drainage divide, made up of a
succession of elevated features, such as ridges and hills. A basin may consist of smaller basins
that merge at river confluences, forming a hierarchical pattern.
Other terms for a drainage basin are catchment area, catchment basin, drainage area, river
basin, water basin, and impluvium. In North America, they are commonly called a watershed,
though in other English-speaking places, watershed is used only in its original sense, that of a
drainage divide.
In a closed drainage basin, or endorheic basin, the water converges to a single point inside
the basin, known as a sink, which may be a permanent lake, a dry lake, or a point where surface
water is lost underground
It is an area around the dam/ project from where all the water management programmes are
done. It is the basic hydrological unit for planning and development of water resources. Unit for
catchment area is sq.km.

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 Fig. 4.1 Bhandardara Basin

5. Basin Features

Bhandardara Dam also known as Wilson Dam has its existence on Pravara River and is
situated 150 metres above ground level.

Tributaries of Pravara River :

The river acquires water from two main tributaries : Mahalungi and Mula.

 Mahalungi : It rises on the southern and eastern slopes of Patta and Aundha. After the
course of three miles (4.8 km), it passes east into the Sinnar taluka of Nashik. It
reenters Ahmednagar, after taking a bend towards south, it ends at Sangamner, where it
confluences with Pravara at its left-bank.
 Mula : This river rises on the eastern slopes of the Sahayadris between Ratangad and
Harichandragad. For the first twenty miles, it flows parallel to Pravara, draining the
southernmost or Kotul valley of Akole taluka. Passing the town of Kotul it takes a bend
to Baleshvar. It then crosses through Sangamner, Parner. The Dam Mula is constructed

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 across the river at Baragaon Nandur. The river drains into Pravara just before the
town Nevasa.
 Adhala : It originates in north of Akole on the Slopes of Patta and Mahakali. Merges with
the Pravara 3 km (2 miles) west of Sangamner.

6. Rectification of Bhandardara dam

Govt. of India has initiated the Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project (DRIP)
Phase II & III scheme with the objective to improve the safety and operational performance of
selected existing dams in the country with emphasis on institutional strengthening.
Rectification Work -
Assessment of quality of masonry of Bhandardara Dam, Ahmednagar, MH

7. Affect of Runoff on Characteristics of Basin

1. Precipitation Characteristics
This is most important factor on which run-off depends. Important precipitation
characteristics are : (i) intensity (ii) duration (iii) aerial distribution (iv) direction of storm
movement, (v) form of precipitation and (vi) evapo-transpiration. The more the rainfall,
more will be the run-off. Run-off depends on the type of the storm causing precipitation,
and also upon its duration. Run-off also increases with the intensity of rainfall. Run-off
also increases with the extent of the storm over the catchment. If the rainfall intensity is
very less, and it rains as light showers, much of the water will be lost in infiltration and
evaporation etc., and the run-off will be less. Greater evapo-transpiration will result in
lesser runoff.
Similarly, if the precipitation is in the form of snow, or if water freezes as it falls, it
will be retained in the catchment till temperature increases. Thus run-off will be less.
2. Shape and Size of the Catchment

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 The run-off from a catchment also depends upon the size, shape and location of the
catchment. More intense rainfalls are generally distributed over a relatively smaller area;
a stream collecting water from a small catchment area is likely to give greater run-off
intensity per unit area. In the case of a very big catchment, uniform rain seldom falls over
the entire area, with the result that only very few tributaries of the stream feed water to
main stream during a particular storm. Thus run-off intensity of larger stream, per unit
catchment area is lesser.
In the case of a fan or sector shaped catchment [Fig. 5.1 (a)] all the tributaries are
approximately of the same size. Such catchment gives greater run-off since the peak
flood from the tributaries is likely to reach the main stream approximately at the same
time. In the case of a fern leaf catchment [Fig. 5.1 (b)], the tributaries are generally of
different lengths, and meet the main stream at the regular intervals. In such a narrow
catchment, the peak flood intensity is reduced since discharges are likely to be distributed
over a long period of time.

Fig. 5.1 Effect of shape of the Catchment

3. Topography of Catchment
The run-off depends upon whether the surface of the catchment is smooth or rugged.
If the surface slope is steep, water will flow quickly, and absorption and evaporation
losses will be less, resulting in greater run-off. If the catchment is mountainous, and is on
the windward side of the mountains, the intensity of rainfall will be more, and hence run-
off will also be more.
4. Orientation of watershed:
The orientation of watershed affects the evaporation and transpiration loss by influencing
the amount of heat received from the sun. The North and South orientation of watershed
affects the melting time of collected snow and hence the runoff. Similarly, in
mountaneous watershed, the windward side of the mountain receives comparatively
higher intense rainfall than the leeward side.
5. Geological Characteristics of basin

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 Geological characteristics of the catchment area is an important factor affecting the
run-off. These include the type of surface soil and sub-soil, type of rock and their
permeability characteristics. If the soil and sub-soil is pervious, seepage will be more and
this in turn reduces the peak flood. If the surface is rocky, the absorption will be
practically nil, and run-off will be more. However, if the rocks have fissures, or if they
are porous or have lava tunnels etc., most of the water will be lost by way of seepage, and
surface run-off will be very small. However, if this seeping water has the outlet in the
stream of the catchment, most of the water flows back to the stream during its period of
low flow.
6. Meteorological Characteristics
Temperature, wind and humidity also affect the run-off. If the temperature is low
and the ground is saturated and frozen, it gives rise to greater run-off. However, if the
whole of the stream freezes, the peak floods will be reduced. On the other hand, high
temperature and greater wind velocity give rise to greater evaporation loss and reduce the
run-off. The peak flood depends upon the direction of movement of the storm causing
rainfall with relation to the direction of the stream. If the storm center moves against the
direction of the stream, the run-off from various points along the catchment reaches the
stream at different timings, with the result that the peak flow is reduced.
7. Character of the Catchment Surface
The run-off also depends upon the surface conditions-whether the surface is drained
or undrained, natural or cultivated, and whether it is bare or covered with vegetation etc.
If the surface has no natural drainage, absorption loss will be more. If more area of a
catchment is cultivated, surface run-off will be less. The presence of vegetal cover
reduces the run-off specially during smaller storms. However, for a bigger storm after the
vegetal cover gets saturated, water runs from the surface freely as if there was no
vegetation.
8. Storage Characteristics of the Catchment
The artificial storage such as dams, weirs etc. and natural storage such as lakes,
ponds etc. tend to reduce the peak flow. They also give rise to greater evaporation losses.
If the tributaries of a river discharge into a lake, and the river takes off from the lake, the
peak floods in the river will be reduced. The storage into the pervious surface soil and
sub-soil tends to reduce the peak flow and tend to regularise the flow of a stream.

8. Advantages

 Water for drinking and industrial use.

 Irrigation.
 Inland navigation.

 Recreation.

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  Clean, efficient, and reliable form of energy.
 Does not emit any direct pollutants or greenhouse gases.
 While the initial cost is high, they are very inexpensive to operate.
 Electricity generated by hydro-electric power plants is the cheapest electricity
generated.
 Dams prevent floods.
 Dams store water for irrigation in summer seasons and dry months. Many desert
areas can now farm due to dams and canals that supply water.
 Dams supply water for local drinking needs.

 Allows for fish farming.

 The reservoir built behind the dam can be used for water sports, irrigation, or even
other types of pleasurable activities.
 Generating electricity through dams does not cause pollution as no greenhouse gases
are created in the process.

9. Disadvantages

 Reservoirs often emit a high percentage of greenhouse gases.

 Often disrupts local ecosystems.

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  It disrupts the groundwater table.
 Blocks progression of water to other countries, states or regions
 Large-scale migration of people out of the area where the dam is proposed to be
built.
 The construction of huge dams leads to a major deterioration of the earth's surface
which causes geological harm.
 Building dams is a very costly and time- taking process.
 The construction of dams takes many years which leads to poor quality of life for the
people living nearby the construction areas.

10.Conclusion

Dams are renowned both for the positive changes they bring about, such as flood
control, irrigation and hydropower, and for their negative impacts, including displacement of

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people, changes in water and sediment flows, and disruption to environmental services and
livelihoods.

Reference

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www.google.com
en.wikipedia.org

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