Muscles and Nerves

1 MUSCLES OF THE UPPER LIMB

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
TRAPEZIUS Off the base of the Outer clavicle, Scapula Cranial nerve XI
skull and along the acromion and elevation, accessory
spinous process of spine of scapula retraction and
the cervical and depression
thoracic vertebrae
RHOMBOIDS Spinous processes Medial border of Retraction and Dorsal scapula
from C7-T5 scapula medial rotation nerve
of scapula
stabilises
LEVATOR C1-C4 transverse Medial border of Elevates and Dorsal scapula
SCAPULAE processes scapula rotates scapula nerve
PECTORALIS Ribs 3-5 near Coracoid process Scapula Medial pectoral
MINOR costal cartilages of scapula protraction nerve
SERRATUS Lateral ribs 1-8 Medial border of Protraction and Long thoracic
ANTERIOR scapula rotates scapula nerve
PECTORALIS Clavicle, rectus Humerus (greater Adduction and Medial and
MAJOR sheath, and tubercule) internal rotation lateral pectoral
sternum and nerve
costal cartilages 1-
6
LATISSIMUS Spinous process of Crest of lesser Internal rotation, Thoracodorsal
DORSI T7-T12 vertebrae, tubercule of the adduction, nerve
scapula, 9-12 ribs humerus extension and
and iliac crest respiration
TERES MAJOR Scapula Crest of lesser Internal rotation, Lower
tubercule of the adduction and subscapular
humerus extension nerve
DELTOID Lateral one third Humerus (deltoid Flexion, internal Axillary nerve
of clavicle, tuberosity) rotation,
acromion and adduction,
scapular spine abduction,
extension and
external rotation
SUPRASPINATUS Supraspinous Humerus (greater Abduction Suprascapular
fossa of scapula tubercule) nerve
INFRASPINATUS Infraspinous fossa Humerus (greater External rotation Suprascapular
of scapula tubercule) nerve
TERES MINOR Lateral border of Humerus (greater External rotation Axillary nerve
scapula tubercule) and weak
adduction
SUBSCAPULARIS Subscapular fossa Humerus (lesser Internal rotation Subscapular
of scapula tubercule) nerve
2 MUSCLES OF THE ARM (ANTERIOR)
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
CORACOBRACHIALI Coracoid process Middle of medial Flexion and
S of scapula shaft of humerus adduction
BRACHIALIS Lower half of Ulnar tuberosity Flexion of elbow
anterior humerus
BICEPS BRACHII Short: coracoid Short: radial Flexion of elbow
(SHORT AND LONG) process tuberosity and supination
Long: Long: bicipital of forearm
supraglenoid aponeurosis
tubercule
BRACHIORADIALIS Lateral Styloid process Flexion of elbow
supracondylar of the radius
ridge of humerus

3 MUSCLES OF THE ARM (POSTERIOR)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
TRICEPS Lateral: posterior All on the Extends elbow
(MEDIAL, humerus above olecranon
LATERAL, LONG) radial groove process of ulna
Medial: posterior
humerus
Long: infraglenoid
tubercule of
scapula
ANCONEUS Lateral epicondyle Olecranon of ulna Assists elbow
of humerus extension

4 SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE FOREARM (ANTERIOR)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
PRONATOR TERES Medial Middle of radius Pronation
epicondyle of
humerus
FLEXOR CARPI Medial Metacarpals 2-3 Wrist flexion and
RADIALIS epicondyle of radial deviation
humerus
PALMARIS LONGUS Medial Palmar
epicondyle of aponeurosis
humerus
FLEXOR CARPI Medial Pisiform, Wrist flexion and
ULNARIS epicondyle of hamate, 5th ulnar deviation
humerus metacarpal
5 DEEP MUSCLES OF THE FOREARM (ANTERIOR)
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
FLEXOR DIGITORUM Ulna and Base of distal
PROFUNDUS interosseous phalanges
membrane
FLEXOR POLLICIS Radius and Base of distal
LONGUS interosseous phalanx of
membrane thumb
PRONATOR Distal ulna Pronator ridge of
QUADRATUS radius

6 SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF THE FOREARM (POSTERIOR)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
BRACHIORADIALIS Supracondylar Flexes the elbow
ridge
EXTENSOR CARPI Supracondylar 2-3 metacarpals
RADIALIS ridge
LONGUS/BREVIS
EXTENSOR CARIP Lateral 5th metacarpal
ULNARIS epicondyle
EXTENSOR DIGITI Lateral Exterior
MINIMI epicondyle expansion 5th
digit
EXTENSOR Lateral Exterior
DIGITORUM epicondyle expansion of
phalanges
7 DEEP MUSCLES OF THE FOREARM (POSTERIOR)
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
st
ABDUCTOR Radius, ulna, 1 metacarpal
POLLICIS LONGUS interosseous
membrane
EXTENSOR POLLICIS Radius, Proximal phalanx
BREVIS interosseous of thumb
membrane
EXTENSOR POLLICIS Ulna, Distal phalanx of
LONGUS interosseous thumb
membrane
EXTENSOR INDICIS Ulna, Extensor
interosseous digitorum
membrane tendon of index
finger
SUPINATOR Ulna, lateral Proximal radius
epicondyle of
humerus

8 MUSCLES OF THE THENAR (INTRINSIC)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
OPPONENS
POLLICIS
ABDUCTOR
POLLICIS BREVIS
FLEXOR POLLICIS
BREVIS
ADDUCTOR
POLLICIS

9 MUSCLES OF THE HYPOTHENAR (INTRINSIC)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
ABDUCTOR DIGITI
MINIMI
FLEXOR DIGITI
MINIMI BREVIS
OPPONENS DIGITI
MINIMI
10 INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF HAND
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
LUMBRICALS Arise off each of Lateral sides of Flex
the flexor digits 2-5 metacarpophalangea
digitorum l joints, extend
profundus proximal
tendons interphalangeal
joints
INTEROSSEI Bring digits towards
(PALMAR) middle finger
INTEROSSEA Bring digits away
(DORSAL) from middle finger

11 SUPERFICIAL ERECTOR SPINAE MUSCLES – S.S.L.I.

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
SPLENIUS Cervical and
thoracic region
SPINALIS Most medial
column
LONGISSIMUS Intermediate
column
ILIOCOSTALIS Most lateral
column

12 DEEP ERECTOR SPINAE MUSCLES – M.R.S.

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
MULTIFIDUS Postural, short
ROTATORES Postural, short,
deepest
SEMISPINALIS Thick, medial
INTERSPINALES Connect spinous
processes
INTERTRANSVERSALES Connect
transverse
processes
13 MUSCLES OF THE FACE
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
ORBICULARIS OCULI Closing eye and
– ORBITAL & eye lid
PALPABRAL
OCCIPITOFONTALIS Surprise
CORRUGATOR Frowning
SUEPRFICILII
NASALIS Flaring nostrils
ORBICULARIS ORIS Closing and
pursing of lips
BUCCINATOR Sucking and
blowing
RISORIUS Stretching lips
(flexed grin)
ZYGOMATICUS Smiling
MAJOR & MINOR
LEVATOR ANGULI Smiling
ORIS
DEPRESSOR ANGULI Sad look
ORIS
DEPRESSOR LABII Lowering lower
INFERIORIS lip
MENTALIS Raising chin and
protruding lower
lip
PLATYSMA Mandible and Draws corner of
skin of lower mouth inferiorly
face and laterally,
draws skin of
neck superiorly

14 MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
TEMPORALIS Temporal region Coronoid process Elevates and
of the mandible retracts
mandible
MASSETER Zygomatic arch Angle and ramus Elevates the
of the mandible mandible
15 ANTERIOR NECK MUSCLES
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES Hyoid bone Elevation of
body hyoid bone
INFRAHYOID MUSCLES Hyoid bone Depression of
body hyoid bone
LONGUS CAPITIS Upper thoracic Base of skull Flexion of neck
spine and skull
LONGUS COLLI Upper thoracic Base of skull Flexion of neck
spine and skull

16 LATERAL NECK MUSCLES

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
SCALENUS ANTERIOR C2-C7 Rib 1 +/- 2 Elevates ribs in Brachial
transverse forced plexus
processes inspiration and
laterally flex
the neck
SCALENUS MEDIUS C2-C7 Rib 1 +/- 2 Elevates ribs in Brachial
transverse forced plexus
processes inspiration and
laterally flex
the neck
SCALENUS POSTERIOR C2-C7 Rib 1 +/- 2 Elevates ribs in Brachial
transverse forced plexus
processes inspiration and
laterally flex
the neck
PATYSMA Mandible and Draws corner
skin of lower of mouth
face inferiorly and
laterally, draws
skin of neck
superiorly
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID Manubrium Mastoid process Unilateral =
(STERNAL HEAD) of skull lateral flexion
to same side,
rotate head to
opposite side
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID Medial 1/3 of Mastoid process Bilateral =
(CLAVICULAR HEAD) clavicle extend head at
atlanto-
occipital joints
while flexing
 lower cervical
spine

17 INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS Elevate ribs,
inspiration
INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS Depress ribs,
expiration
INNERMOST Elevate ribs
INTERCOSTALS
SUBCOSTAL Posterior, 2/3 rib below Elevate ribs
internal surface
of rib
THORACIC DIAPHRAGM 3 parts: sternal, Central tendon inspiration Phrenic
costal, lumbar nerve
 attach to
posterior
abdominal wall

18 MAIN MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
PSOAS MAJOR T12-L5 Linea aspera of Flex hip or
femur trunk
ILIACUS Iliac fossa Lesser Flex hip or
trochanter of trunk
femur
QUADRATUS LUMBORUM Iliac crest, Inferior margin Stabilises 12th
transverse of rib 12 rib
process of
lumbar
vertebrae
ILIOPSOAS
19 MUSCLES OF ANTEROLATERAL ABDOMINAL WALL
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
EXTERNAL OBLIQUE Ribs 5-12 Pubic tubercule, Bilateral:
linea alba, iliac flexes
crest vertebral
column
Unilateral:
flexes trunk to
same side
INTERNAL OBLIQUE Thoracolumbar Ribs 10-12, Bilateral:
fascia, iliac linea alba and flexes
crest and pubis vertebral
inguinal column
ligament Unilateral:
flexes trunk to
same side
TRANSVERSE ABDOMINIS Iliac crest, Pubis Stabilises
thoracolumbar symphysis, linea lumbar spine
fascia, ribs 6-12 alba

20 MUSCLES OF THE HIP REGION (ILIAC)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
PSOAS MAJOR Lumbar spine
ILIACUS Iliac fossa Lesser
trochanter of
femur

21 MUSCLES OF THE HIP REGION (GLUTEAL)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS Lumbar fascia, ¾ into iliotibial Extends hip,
lateral mass tract and ¼ into lateral rotation
sacrum, gluteal of hip, extends
sacrotuberous tuberosity hip in step up
ligament
TENSOR FASCIA LATA Medially
rotates the hip
GLUTEUS MEDIUS Abducts the
hip
GLUTEUS MINIMUS
22 ANTERIOR THIGH MUSCLES
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
SARTORIUS Anterior Medial to the Flexion, Femoral
superior iliac tibial tuberosity abduction, nerve
spine external
rotation of hip,
flexion and
internal
rotation of
knee
RECTUS FEMORIS Anterior Tibial tuberosity Hip flexion and Femoral
inferior iliac knee extension nerve
spine,
acetabular roof
of hip
VASTUS MEDIALIS Linea aspera Medial and Extension of Femoral
and lateral condyles knee nerve
intertrochanter of femur
line
VASTUS LATERALIS Linea aspera Medial and Extension of Femoral
and greater lateral condyles knee nerve
trochanter of femur
VASTUS INTERMEDIALIS Femoral shaft Tibial tuberosity Extension of Femoral
knee nerve
PECTENIUS Pectineal line Pectineal line Adduction and Femoral
on anterior on posterior flexion of hip nerve
surface of side of femur
pelvis
ILIACUS Iliac fossa Lesser Flexes thigh Femoral
trochanter of nerve
femur
PSOAS MAJOR Lumbar Lesser Flexes thigh Anterior rami
vertebrae trochanter of
femur

23 POSTERIOR THIGH MUSCLES

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
BICEPS FEMORIS Long head: Fibula head Flexion of knee
ischial and extend hip
tuberosity
Short head:
linea aspera
SEMITENDIOSUS Ischial Medial tibia at
tuberosity the gooses foot
SEMIMEMBRANOSIS Ischial Medial tibia
tuberosity near the gooses
got
24 SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR LEG MUSCLES
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
GASTROCNEMIUS
PLANTARIS
SOLEUS
PLANTARIS

25 DEEP POSTERIOR LEG MUSCLES

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
POPLITEUS
FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS
FLEXOR DIGITORUM
LONGUS
TIBIALIS POSTERIOR

26 LATERAL LEG MUSCLES

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
FIBULARIS LONGUS
FIBULARIS BREVIS

27 ANTERIOR LEG MUSCLES

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
EXTENSOR HALLUCIS
LONGUS
EXTENSOR DIGITORUM
LONGUS
FIBULARIS TERTIUS

28 FOOT MUSCLES (1ST LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
ABDUCTOR HALLUCIS
FLEXOR DIGITORUM
BREVIS
ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI
29 MUSCLES OF THE FOOT (2ND LAYER)
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
QUADRATUS PLANTAE
LUMBRICALS

30 MUSCLES OF THE FOOT (3RD LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
FLEXOR HALLUCIS BREVIS
ADDUCTOR HALLUCIS
FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI
BREVIS

31 MUSCLES OF THE FOOT (4TH LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE
DORSAL INTEROSSEI DAB
PLANTAR INTEROSSEI PAD