Shedding Light on Atoms Episode 4: The Periodic Table Name: ____________________________

Part A
1. Zinc is made entirely of ____________ atoms and oxygen is made entirely of ______________ atoms.
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is made of ______________________________________________________________
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2. In the 1810s and 1820s, carbon was found to have a relative atomic weight of 12 and nitrogen a relative
atomic weight of 14. What does “relative atomic weight” mean, and what do these figures tell you about
carbon atoms and nitrogen atoms?
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3. What happens to atoms in a chemical reaction?
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Part B ______________________________________________________________________________________
4. Fill in the table with some of the properties of metals and non-metals. (A “property” of a substance is a
characteristic that can be used to describe it.) You can use words like “usually” or “generally” if you want.
Properties of Metals Properties of Non-metals

5. What is a metalloid? Give two examples.

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Part C ______________________________________________________________________________________
6. The process of using electricity to drive chemical reactions is called ___________________________.
7. Briefly describe how aluminium is produced in industry.
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Part D 8. Elements within Groups usually chemically react in similar ways. Fill in the table below. (And balance the equations.)

Element Group Reaction with Oxygen Reaction with Water

Lithium, Li 1 ____Li + ____O2  ____Li2O ___Li + ___H2O  ___LiOH + ___H2

Sodium, Na 1

Potassium, K 1

Rubidium, Rb 1
Part9.E Mendeleev predicted that ekaaluminium, Ea, and ekasilicon, Es, (the temporary names he gave to the
undiscovered elements between zinc and arsenic) would react with oxygen to produce Ea 2O3 and EsO2
respectively. On what did he base these predictions?

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10. Below is a small section of the (modern) Periodic Table. (The Group numbers were changed in 1990, so, for example Group 4
on Mendeleev’s table is now Group 14 on the Modern Periodic Table.)
oxygen
Element Name
Group 14 Group 15 Group 16 Group 17 On reacting with hydrogen atoms, a 8 Atomic No.
(Mendeleev’s (Mendeleev’s (Mendeleev’s (Mendeleev’s
Group 4) Group 5) Group 6) Group 7) single carbon atom will form CH4, a O Element Symbol
carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine single nitrogen atom will form NH3, a 16 Atomic Weight
Period

6 7 8 9
KEY single oxygen atom will
2

C N O F
12 14 16 19 form H2O, and a single fluorine atom will form HF.
silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine (Note the 4:1, 3:1, 2:1 and 1:1 ratios)
Period

14 15 16 17
Fill in the table below. (The first row has been done for you, the
3

Si P S Cl
28 31 32 35.5 answers to the second row are in the video, but you have to “do a
germanium arsenic selenium bromine
Mendeleev” and “guess” the third row.)
Period

32 33 34 35
4

Ge As Se Br
72.6 74.9 79 79.9

Group
Simplest 14 (Mendeleev’s Group 4) 15 (Mendeleev’s Group 5) 16 (Mendeleev’s Group 6) 17 (Mendeleev’s Group 7)
Compounds
C CH4 N NH3 O H2O F HF
Formed Between
Each Element and Si P S Cl
Hydrogen Ge As Se Br

11. Graph the data in the table and then estimate the density of titanium (Ti). Mark in titanium’s data point.
Elements of Atomic Density Density of 6 Elements in Period 4 (Potassium, K, to Chromium, Cr)
Period 4 Weight (g/cm3) 8
Potassium, K 39.1 0.86 7
Calcium, Ca 40.1 1.55 6
Density (g/cm3)

Scandium, Sc 45.0 2.99 5

Titanium, Ti 47.9
4
Vanadium, V 50.9 6.11
3
Chromium, Cr 52.0 7.19
2
This task involves you putting yourself in
Mendeleev’s shoes and making predictions! 1
The trends actually work better if you use atomic
number instead of atomic weight. The atomic 0
number of an atom is the number of protons inside 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52
the atom’s nucleus. More about this in Episode 5. Relative Atomic Weight
12. Trends in the
Periodic Table are apparent both across each Elements of Atomic Melting Boiling
Group 17 Weight Point (°C) Point (°C)
Period and down each Group. Using two lines
Fluorine, F 19 -220 -188
(one for boiling point and one for melting point),
Chlorine, Cl 35.5 -101 -35
graph the data in the table on the right onto the
Bromine, Br 78
graph below. Use a colour code. Use the graph to
estimate the melting point and boiling point of Iodine, I 127 114 184
bromine. Mark in bromine’s data points.
Melting Points and Boiling Points of four of the Group 17 Elements
250
200
150
100
Temperature (°C)

50
0
-50 0 20 40 60 80 100

-100
-150
-200 KEY
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melting point
-250 boiling point
Relative Atomic Weight
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