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Biomechanics Presentation

This document discusses the fundamentals of biomechanics including principles of force, Newton's laws of motion, types of forces, lever systems, and applications of forces in sports. It defines key concepts like force, mass, acceleration, gravity, muscular force, air resistance, and ground reaction force. Newton's three laws of motion are explained along with examples. The three classes of lever systems - first, second, and third - are defined and sporting examples are provided. Applications of forces like gravity, air resistance, and muscular force in diving, javelin throwing, and weight lifting are also summarized.

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36 views21 pages

Biomechanics Presentation

This document discusses the fundamentals of biomechanics including principles of force, Newton's laws of motion, types of forces, lever systems, and applications of forces in sports. It defines key concepts like force, mass, acceleration, gravity, muscular force, air resistance, and ground reaction force. Newton's three laws of motion are explained along with examples. The three classes of lever systems - first, second, and third - are defined and sporting examples are provided. Applications of forces like gravity, air resistance, and muscular force in diving, javelin throwing, and weight lifting are also summarized.

Uploaded by

kylenddbs
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BIOMECHANICS

Filimon K & Tino Chasakara


Principles of force

■ Force is a push or pull action applied upon an object


■ Measured in Newtons (N)
■ Force = Mass x acceleration (F=MA)
Effects of force
■ Force can cause an object at rest to move (e.g. a stationary soccer ball will move
when kicked)
■ Force can cause a moving object to change direction, (e.g. When a ball hits against
a wall, it bounces back in the opposite direction. So the force exerted by the wall on
the ball changes its direction of motion.)
■ Force can change the speed of a moving object. (e.g. increasing the speed of a
bicycle by exerting more force on the peddle.)
■ Force can change the direction of a moving object. (e.g.changing the direction of
motion of the cricket ball by the batsman after he hits the ball.)
LAWS OF MOTION
By lsaac Newton
Newton’s First Law of Motion
q An object in motion stays in motion at the same speed and direction
unless acted upon by an external force

q For example, a ball at rest


will stay stationary unless
it’s kicked by the player.
Newton’s Second Law of Motion
q An object will accelerate when acted upon by an external force.
The acceleration of the object is proportional to this force and is in
the direction by which the force acts.

q For example, in tennis, when


hitting a tennis ball, the force of
the racquet swing causes the
ball to accelerate in the direction
of the swing force.
Newton’s Third Law of Motion
q For every action there exists an equal and opposite reaction.

q When the mountain


climber pulls down on the
rope, the rope pulls up on
the mountain climber.
TYPES OF FORCE
q Acceleration — the rate at which an object changes in speed.

q Gravity — the force that attracts a body towards the centre of the earth.

q Muscular force — a push or pull applied onto an object provided by


muscular contraction.

q Air resistance — the frictional force that air applies onto an object.

q Ground reaction force — the reaction to the force that the body exerts
onto the ground.
APPLICATION OF
FORCES
Gravity

■ Diving: Gravity pulls the diver ■ Athlete on starter blocks: gravity


towards the water and as the diver helps the athlete stay stable and
falls they accelerate, or fall faster, balanced.
as the effects of gravity take greater
affect
■ Discus: When the disk is thrown in
the air gravity acts upon it by pulling
it back down to the ground
Air resistance

■ Javelins are propelled forwards by the push of the thrower's arm. As the javelin
travels forwards through the air, air resistance is pushing back against it and
gravity is pulling the javelin down
Muscular force

■ Weight lifting: muscular force is


applied by muscle contractions
when moving the dumbbell up and
down
Ground reaction force

■ High jump: amount of force applied


onto the ground will determine how
high the athlete jumps
Acceleration
■ every time an athlete changes speed or direction can be
considered as acceleration
■ For example, sprinting requires you to accelerate
horizontally whereas jumping relies on vertical
acceleration.
LEVER SYSTEMS
q Lever — a solid bar that turns around an axis to create movement.
Consists of the fulcrum, resistance and effort.

q Fulcrum — a fixed point where the lever can turn.

q Resistance — the load or weight that the lever must move.

q Effort — the amount of force required to move the load.


First-class lever system
■ the fulcrum is in the middle of the effort and the load.

q i.e Found in the neck when raising


your head to head a football. The
neck muscles provide the effort,
the neck is the fulcrum, and the
weight of the head is the load.
Second-class lever system
■ the load is in the middle between the fulcrum and the effort.

q When standing on tiptoe, the ball of


the foot acts as the fulcrum, the
weight of the body acts as the load
and the effort comes from the
contraction of the gastrocnemius
muscle.
Third-class lever system
■ the effort is in the middle between the fulcrum and the load.

q During a biceps curl, the fulcrum is


the elbow joint, the effort comes
from the biceps contracting and
the resistance is the weight of the
forearm and any weight that it may
be holding.
THANK YOU FOR
YOUR TIME
Any questions?

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