Subject: Solid Modeling and Drafting (202042) SE Mechanical Engineering-Endsem Paper Solution Q1] a) [F-E+V-L=2(B-G) General als i He Vega oS 70 known as Euler Poincare formula Bars ‘Where, F = Faces, E = Edge, V = Vertices, L=Faces inner loop, G=Genus, B=Bodies, 1) F=15,E=36, V=24,L=3,B=1,G=1 Using above equation, 15-36#24-3 = 2(1-1) =0. 2) F=20,E=48, V=32,L=4,B=1,G=1, Using above equation, 20-48+32-4 = 2(1-1) = 0. 3) F=10,E=24, V= 16 -.using above equation, 10-24+16 = 2 hence proved. Q1 |b) | Parametric solid modeling: * Parametric modeling is a modeling process with the ability to change the shape of model geometry as soon as the dimension value is modified. Parametric modeling is implemented through the design computer programming code such as a seript to define the dimension and the shape of the model. @ * Parametric is a term used to describe a dimension’s ability to change the shape of model geometry as soon as the dimension value is modified, Feature based is a term used to describe the various components of a model. For example, a part can consists of various types of features such as holes, grooves, fillets, and chamfers. A ‘feature’ is the basic unit of a parametric solid model, Parametric modeling uses the computer to design objects or systems that model component attributes with real world behavior. Parametric models use feature based, solid and surface modeling design tools to manipulate the system attributes. Parametric modeling allows the designer to define entire classes of shapes, not just specific instances. Before the advent of parametric, editing the shape was not an easy task for designers. + For example, to modify a 3D solid, the designer had to change the length, the breadth and the height. However, with parametric modeling, the designer need only alter one parameter; the other two parameters get adjusted automatically. So, parametric models focus on the steps in creating a shape and parameterize them. This benefits product design engineering services providers a lot. + The Parametric Modeling Process Parametric models are built from a set of mathematical equations. For parametric models to have any legitimacy, they must be based on real project information. It is the modernity of the information examination techniques and the breadth of the hidden undertaking information which decides the viability of a modeling solution, Using Brep and CSG modeling, + Advantages 1) These are the benefits offered by 3D paramet 2) Capability to produce flexible designs 3) 3D solid models offer a vast range of ways to view the model 4) Better product visualization, as you can begin with simple objects with minimal details 5) Better integration with downstream applications and reduced engineering cycle time 6) Existing design data can be reused to create new designs 7)_Quick design turnaround, increasing efficiency. 34343 modeling over traditional 2D drawings: Feature-based modeling + It refers to the construction of geometries as a combination of form features. The designer specifies features in engincering terms such as holes, slots, or bosses rather than geometric terms such as circles or boxes. Features can also store nongraphic information as well. + This information can be used in activities such as drafting, NC, finite element analysis, and kinematic analysis. Furthermore, feature based packages frequently record the geometric@ + Feature based modelin; + Feature based modeling has construction and modification sequences used in building the model. c 1 g is an attempt to make modeling a more effi with how designers and engineers actually work. An important modeling isthe introduction of feature based modeling, » among engineers, rapidly become the preferred method of icient process more in tune advancement in 3D solids constructing solid models. Geometry is defined in terms of real world “features” as opposed to abstract geometric catities. For example, work with holes as opposed to cylinders, cuts and extrusions rather than blocks and wedges. Included information defines how the featur hole Features store non; kinematic analysis, * Advantages, 1) very intuitive and easy to use : 2) Can simplify other aspects of CIM (e.g. If a standard feature is used there will be a standard process plan to make that feature). 3) Emphasizes the use of standard components. + Disadvantages, 1) Restrictive when dealing with nonstandard features 2) Interaction of features can be hard to estimate 3) 3. A complete set of all possible features would be very large. Analytical solid modeling: + ASM is closely related to finite element modeling. It is developed to aid designers in the arduous task of modeling complex geometry commonly found in design applications. It can be viewed as more of a representation scheme for design than for manufacturing Purposes due to its formulation, which does not involve orientable surfaces as does brep or csG. ASM uses the parametric representation of an object in 3D space that is a mapping of a cubical parametric domain into a solid described by the global coordinates. ASM is mainly for design applications and not suited for manufacturing. It does not involve orientable surfaces as in Brep and CSG. ASM has now a wide range of applications such as mass property calculations, composite material modeling, and computer animation. It is use in FEA due to the efficiency and flexibility of mesh generation algorithms that operate on hyper patches, which facilitates uniform transition or non-uniform mesh and division in hexahedral elements. The technique for creating spline or patch curve segments or surface patches is valid in ASM. ASM is an extension of the well-established tensor product method, introduced to represent surfaces for surface modeling, to 3D parametric space with the parameters u, v, and w. the tensor product formulation in 3D parametric space is a mapping of a cubic parametric domain described by u, v, and w values into a solid described by x, y and z in the Cartesian (modeling) space. + The resulting solid is called a parametric solid or a hyperpatch, ASM is an extension of biparametric surface representation to three dimensional parametric space. es behaves in editing, for example, a “through” graphic information for use in 2D drawing creation, FEA, CNC and The creation of an ASM model of an object simply involves dividing the object into the proper assembly of nonoverlapping hyperpatches. Each hyperpatch can be constructed from curves and/or surface patches, + Other construction methods of ASM models can include ruled ruled volume can be created between two between them, volumes and sweeping. A given surface patches by linearly interpolating ASM is appearing in design and analysis applications that require information inside as well as on the boundary of a given object.+ This is desirable, for exampl aoe le, in modeling and studying composite materials and Hacture However, ASM is not adequate for manufacturing applications suchas tool path generation, because eee sures of byperatches (parametric solid) are not explicitly stored and are nov rientable, ie, normal to face surfaces cannot indicate the inter je __ seb b etior or exterior of the object. 1) Mass property calculation 2) Composite material modeling 3) Computer Animation 4) FEM mesh generation with hyperpatch concepts. E.g. PATRANG js based on ASM and has interface to various FEA packages. Feature-based modeling * It refers to the construction of geometries as a combination of form features. The designer specifies features in engineering terms such as holes, slots, or bosses rather than geometric terms such as circles or boxes. Features can also store nongraphic information as well. This information can be used in activities such as drafting, NC, finite element analysis, and kinematic analysis. Furthermore, feature based packages frequently record the geometric construction and modification sequences used in building the model. Feature based modeling is an attempt to make modeling a more efficient process more in tune with how designers and engineers actually work. An important advancement in 3D solids modeling is the introduction of feature based modeling. Feature based modeling has, among engineers, rapidly become the preferred method of constructing solid models. + Geometry is defined in terms of real world “features” as opposed to abstract geometric entities. For example, work with holes as opposed to cylinders, cuts and extrusions rather than blocks and wedges. + Included information defines how the features behaves in editing, for example, a “through” hole Features store nongraphic information for use in 2D drawing creation, FEA, CNC and kinematic analysis. + Advantages, 4) very intuitive and easy to use 5) Can simplify other aspects of CIM (e.g. If a standard feature is used there will be a standard process plan to make that feature). 6) Emphasizes the use of standard components. + Disadvantages, 4) Restrictive when dealing with nonstandard features 5) Interaction of features can be hard to estimate 6)_3.A complete set of all possible features would be very large.q2z.[b)| Euler Equation (Walidity of 3D solid: + Defines an invariant relationshi i poston, Val fr Sine ein conn fH oso 0 nsigimatitn rove ieee tha ae homomomphie to a sphere ae topologically PTET V7L= 208 - G) General also known as Euler Poincare formula F-E+V=2 Simple solids F-E=V-L=(B~G) Open objects Where F= Faces, E = Edge, V= Verses, L-Faces nner oop, fGeuus, BsBodies. Arowinected structure of vertices, edges and faces that always snfsfies Balers fon is Kuown as Euler object. The process that adds and deletes these boundary components is called an Euler operation, For evaluating complex: Polyhedions formulation is expanded to include: + hole loops, (any loop which is completely enclosed within another) * through holes or genus (a fearuce that completely penetrates the abject adds to its genus, no penetrating features. genus = 0) * shells (sets of faces which bound a volume, either space or void) + Applicability of Euler formuta to solid objects: ~ Atleast three edges nmist meet at each verte. ~ Each edge must share two and only nso faces ~ All faces must be simply connected (hiomomorphic to disk) with no holes and bounded by single ring of edges. = _ The solid must be simply connected with no through holes. ~ DESIGNING TOW SAFETY : @/¢) + The principle of "Design for Safety" is to bring the consideration ora et yl ich pe Tet os dese’ ae Des he toe ae Token mone wi sce lige as mower Ismain objectives ate, 1 Promote carly involvement, effective cooperation and commnuication ofall stakeholders through the timely provision of relevaut and necessary information. 2. Iuprove claity on the denseation of the roles and responsibilis of the partis responsible for coordinating and providing televant project data ou risks at all stages ofa projec 43, Hentitying the outputs of the "Design for Safety" application process aud the specifi ik reduction mansures. PROCESS 4 Geometric transformations are needed to give an entity the needed position, orientation, or | 343 shape starting from existing position, orientation, or shape. The basic transformations are scaling, rotation, translation, and shear, Other important types of transformations are projections and mappings. + Types of Transformations: 1) Translation happens when we move the image without changing anything in it... 2) Rotation is when we rotate the image by a certain degree, 3) Reflection is when we flip the image along a line (the mirror line). 4) Dilation is when the size of an image is increased or decreased without changing its shape. Mapping + Mapping is transformation of one coordinate system to other. + While transformations involve one point and one coordinate system, mapping involves one point and two coordinate systems. ‘ + Mapping the point changes its description from one coordinate system to another, but it does not change its location in the modelling space. + We input coordinates relative to the coordinate system of the sketch plane, while CAD software maps the input to the model MCS coordinates before storing it in the model database. + Ttalso useful in assembly modelling. Mapping a geometric model, a collection of points, from ‘one coordinate system to another does not change its position and orientation with respect to the origins of both systems. It only changes the description of such position and orientation. + types of mapping 1) Translational Mapping 2) Rotational Mapping 3) General Mapping Qa. | a) |* To obtain the projection of an entity the projection rays (called projectors) are constructed by [43 connecting the center of Projection with each point of the entity. : : + The intersections of these projectors with the projection plane defined the Projected Points which are connected to produce the projected entity. a + If the Center is at a finite distance from the plane it results in perspective projection and allQ4.]b) the projectors meet atthe center, Tf the center is at nite distance, all the projectors become parallel (meet at infinity) and result is Parallel projection geometry. ‘An orthographic projection of a view is obtained by setting a zero the coordinate value that coincides with the direction of Projection after the model rotation. To obtain the front view, we set z = 0 for all key points of the model. For the top view, the model is rotated 90 about the X axis followed by setting the ‘y* coordinates of the resulting points to zero. The *y’ coordinate is the one to set to zero because the Y axis of the MCS coincides with the projection direction, For the right view can be obtained by rotating the model about the Y axis by -90 and setting the ‘x’ coordinate to zero. Thus, the Homogeneous Transformation matrix will be, EE a it hand side view 0 0 mes * eo -o:s O0€66 O 10 sinzo 20S 3 oy (o> 30 + O:S66 toe voncabinated mabeire: ce -CRICTIe oO =feestao sine ee oe =s 1-30? re at | : 0 efoece OS OG) @ Pt ores ome : el Wy Otb6 oF O ac a | Five more, 0th OL O A Teh Ole te 9 ao esr |saf | JE EMval co-ordinates (-4-6c24-1399-oO Nes6,0) [@u.4 © Fae |‘CAD KERNELS + A geometric modeling kernel is a 3D modeling component found in modeling software, sich as computer-aided design (CAD). Modeling keiels are described in mathematical equations that get translated into shapes, like the code on @ website that allows you to see actual content Even a simple cylinder, can be represented in at least three different ways: a NURB surface, a “periodic” surface ot a pair of ruled surfaces that have a pair of common edges. You can immagine the choices a Kemel mist makes when calculating and storing ‘more complex organic shapes, + Two kemels ofthe same category can interpret the same command differently, giving different results. The important thing to know is that Kemels are like skilled workers - they have different specializations and are capable of performing different tasks. If You wanted to create a hole in an object and calculate the edges at both ends the kernel would entry out this task. + Auuser might ask a CAD system to punch a hole through an object, but it is the kernel that intersects the cylindrical surface of the hole with the existing object to calculate the new edge curves at the top and bottom of the hole. Ifthe object is an organic shape or the hole intersects more than a few faces this simple operation can involve some serious math, CAD sppteateas ‘Wariat Keradud Abagas, Ras FEA ACS ‘Adis Natibedy Dymanios [Paral ‘Alai Wypawais Sinaloa Parola ANSYS FE acs ‘AaaCAD CAD Se Sapemanae CATIA (CAD Se (coe DACAN, EGGCAM, Fens CAM IDEAS,| CAD CAN Paral PoE. Cre CAD Ste Gast vy Migrate only new products:This means retaining all existing data in the old CAD systems. This is feasible when changes to old product lines are uncommon or new products are completely new. It is not a very safe approach since it already has modeled parts and suitable when the opportunity arises to reprocess earlier designed parts. Migrate Products on the go as required:This aspect is less strategic than a default resulting of not taking time to focus on existing business goals. Even though this method sounds feasible. it is not an effective methodology. It often results inlneffective use of technical team who should focus on developing new product rather than lowering component conversion and Product development disruptions resulting arriving late to market’. Migrate Targeted Product Lines. and Projects:After revising the conversion costs and the value of existing data, it is lucrative to convert the product lines that give the best value on the investment. Focusing on long-term benefits usually brings about constructive results, Migrate a Percentage of the Product Line:This approach targets a certain percentage of products chosen for their value. It converts a percentage of the product line that allows one to focus on broader picture. This strategy is an effective approach to get the maximum out of the conversion process. Migrate based on sales volume of a product:The continuous accumulation of large legacy data makes difficult to identify which product portfolios can be chgsen to convert. In this scenario. the sales history helps us to determine the right pyoducts that would be a better bargain upon conversion and yield us on the ROI.‘DXF (Drawing Exchange Format): TOES: deaages Advantages * Ste ain info in an ASC any etal oat «Widely compatible, allowing data exchange between diffrent "which habe echangedteveen aos se. Wiel spate, allowing data 7 + IGES originally supported drawings and wireframes, and was ler progiams ‘Stee spo aes nds «+ DNF files store vector data which can be easily scaled and Disavantges inauipulated + Downe va ifm ode Lack of a formal formation model, probes ding Gle + Open source and publicly documented ‘Schages nd tnnipelitons bad des le Fras + Mth is an eo ath IGES fle, is very ict id te Disodvoa nibs oes + Complex design cau lead to Inge size + Problem af incomplete exchange defo vious ‘Saves’ aed cena o CAD vere ait ” + DXF files dont filly support all features of ol the compatible | CAR emnion wich aay be elevator engineering appiations oer tna desi DIRECT DATA TRANSLATORS: ec 442 + Direct modal translation is a CAD data exchange method when Pa S one CAD format is direetly translated into another in one step. THpiealy. this is done by CAD software which can process and import files by other CAD systems. The problem with direct modal translation is that only certain translations are available, c= they nay have certain limitations and all data is stored in proprietary formats which can become outdated after some time. Major CAD systems, stch as SolidWorks, PTC Creo, Siemens NX aioe and CATIA can directly read anc ie other CAD formats, ~ simply by using File Open and File Save s options. This option is, Cm limited by the fact that most CAD formats are proprietary therefore direct translators are typically unidizectional, partially functional and not standardized. Direct data translator DATA INTEROPERABILITY 33 + Itis the ability of a system, software or product to exchange and make use of information with other systems, software or products without special effort on the part of the user. For two systems to be interoperable, they must be able to exchange data and subsequently present that data such that it can be understood by a user. + Open approaches to data interoperability, such as the Experience API (xAPID, find rapid adoption across governments, militaries, enterprises and higher education institutions. + Proprietary formats are vendor-specific. They are used to describe product data in the majority of authoring tools in the marketplace. + Open formats, on the other hand, are often developed to enable interoperability between applications. They provide definitions which are openly specified and accessible to third-parties (application vendors and customers), who wish to make data available from and to their own applications. Issues in CAD Interoperability: + The different ways in which CAD systems handled their parametric features made a multi-CAD strategy. * The need for feature-based translation has been reduced by the advent of CAD programs with advanced direct editing capabilities. + The rise of product and manufacturing information (PMD, and model-based design (MBD). The rise of product and manufacturing information (PMD, and model-based design (MBD).©) | CAD (computer-aided design) files are digital files that house 3D & 2D designs as well as information regarding materials, processes, tolerances, and olher data, From design to production, everything begins with the CAD file. CAD DATA FILE «DWF file: Design Web Format (DWF) represents 2D/3D drawing in compressed format for viewing, reviewing or printing design files, It contains graphics and text as part of design data and reduces the size of the file due to its compressed format. DWG file: Files with DWG extension represent proprietary binary files used for containing 2D and 3D design data. Like DXF, which are ASCII files, DWG represent the binary file format for CAD (Computer Aided Design) drawings. It contains vector image and metadata for representation of contents of CAD files. DXF file: DXF, Drawing Interchange Format, or Drawing Exchange Format, is a tagged data representation of AutoCAD drawing file. Each element in the file has a prefix integer number called a group code. This group code actually represents the element that follows and indicates the meaning of a data element for a given object type. DXF makes it possible to represent almost all user-specified information in a drawing file. IFC file: Files with IFC extension refer to Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) file format that establishes international standards to import and export building objects and their properties. This file format provides interoperability between different software applications. Specifications for this file format are developed and maintained by building SMART International as its Data Standard. The ultimate objective of IFC file format is to improve communication, productivity, delivery time and quality throughout the life cycle of a building. Due to the established standards for common objects in the building industry, it reduces the loss of information during transmission from one application to another. TEC can hold data for geometry, calculation, quantities, facility managemeut, pricing ete. for many different professions (architect, electrical, HVAC, structural, terrain ete.). The PLT file format is a vector-based plotter file introduced by Autodesk, Inc. and contains information for a certain CAD file. Plotting details require accuracy and precision in production, and usage of PLT file guarantee this as all images are printed using lines instead of dots. The format is based on the HPGL file format which is used for sending information to plotter printers. PLT files can be viewed with its original applications ie. Autodesk’s AutoCAD, but there are other applications as well that can be used to manipulate these files such as CorelDRAW Graphics Suite. A number of applications and APIs support conversion of PLT file See DXF, PDF. JPEG, TIFF, PNG, BMP, CGM, SVG, PS an “STL File: It abbreviation for stereolithrography, is an interchangeable file format that represents 3-dimensional surface geometry. The file format finds its usage in several fields such as rapid prototyping, 3D printing and computer- aided manufacturing. It represents a surface as a series of ‘small triangles, known as facets, where each facet is described by a perpendicular direction and three points representing the vertices of the triangle. Resultant data is used by applications to determine the cross section of the 3D shape to be built by the fabber. There is no information available in the STL file format for representation of color, texture or other common CAD model attributes. DGN File:DGN, Design, files are drawings created by and supported by CAD applications such as MicroStation and Intergraph Interactive Graphics Design System. It is used for creating and saving designs for construction projects such as highways, bridges, and buildings. The format is similar to Autodesk’s DWG file format and is considered its competitor. DNG files can either be saved as Intergraph Standard File Format or V8 DGN. DGN can be converted to several other formats such as DWG, BMP, JPEG, PDF, GIF and others. It can be opened with Autodesk AutoCAD, Bentley View and Bentley Systems Micro Station in addition to other software applications such as Corel PaintShop Photo Pro and IMSI TurboCAD Deluxe versions. Introduction to Product and Manufacturing Information (PMD: + PMI may include geometric dimensions and tolerances, 3D. annotation (text) and dimensions, surface finish, and material specifications. PMI is used in conjunction with the 3D model within model-based definition to allow for the elimination of 2D. drawings for data set utilization. PML, consists of dimensions and annotations that are added to the 3D model and can be used in the review, manufacturing, and inspection processes By editing dimension values you can make changes to the model You can lock and unlock dimensions to control how connected model faces respond to dimension value edits, And you can control the lection in which dimension edits are applied. This greatly simplifies the process of design, testing, and update. Applying PMI to a 3D model can reduce or eliminate the use of 2D drawings and can be used downstream to perform tolerance amalyties and coordinate-measuring machine (CMM) inspection.Advantages: — Reduces cost by eusuring that design intent is completely captured and associated 10 the model. Deducing and interpreting design intent from 2D information is no longer necessary, — Reduces rework associated with inaccurate or incomplete manufacturing information. — Reduces manufactuing errors encountered as a result of manual translations and enforces “characteristic accountability” for the final product definition, ~ Increases productivity and quality by documenting the information once and reusing it everywhere (redundant data is no longer requived for downstream applications). Supports concurrent engineering by facilitating the documentation of models earlier in the design process. Design collaboration teanis no longer need to wait for the production of the drawing to communicate design requirements. Applications: + Analysis of the production department + Analysis of the quality department + Analysis of the research and development department + Analysis of the sales department + NC-Simulation to create sequence of manufacturing. + Finite element analysis, PMI helps the user to take the information he needs for the modification of the product used for the simulation. + Tolerance analysis. ithelps the user ofthis analysis to have directly the PMIs information in 3D models in early phases, Q7 b) CAD Customization + With customization, it is possible to modify or create new tools that are better suited to our needs, we can get with customization is to replace a series of commands with a single tool that accomplishes the task. + CAD customization means customizing or configuring OOTB (out of the box) CAD software to suit the specific needs of a particular organization. CAD customization predominantly involves developing supporting tools for CAD software. * CAD software built en-masse might not satisfy the needs of every requirement, as many organizations have their own specific criteria. * CAD customization is the development of support tools and technology which drives CAD automation of repetitive tasks in the design process. * Customization of CAD software helps customers to do things faster, efficient and accurate. Most leading CAD software like CATIA, Solid Edge. Solid Works, AutoCAD, Inventor, etc. allow users to customize using their respective API package. CAD customization can be a small macro to a complete workbench inside the software. Organizations incline towards customization either for KBE, design automation, process automation or integration with other tools. 443Es oblens In Developing A Customized CAD Appllcatlon, apturing Design Data to be Programmed: . it's very difficult clearly, so that it can be brought under the Hamework of a system. This lack of standardized processes for product design makes it complex to undeistand the azeas that can be automated. Improper Task Identification: Selection fo tefl an for uoution defeats tie cae pupooe ot design automation Application System Design: While developing the system for a ‘CAD customization application, a common problem is to find a situation where the design rules and facts are not interlinked, Data Formatting: Design automation applications are driven by input and output data, all the data inchides the description of geometry. This system has to convert the CAD data that’s provided as input fo geometry-based data for computing further. {As the companies moved to CAD systems, these systems have to ‘be developed to perform the task as expected. Introduction to Application Programming Interface (API) + The API is a platform for customization, and can significantly benefit your design process. It is very flexible, and can be used for a wide variety of tasks, Here are, a few examples of potential applications: 1) Automate repetitive tasks normally performed in the user interface. 2) Create custom tasks, 3) Create custom results quantities. 4) Output results in customized or specialized formats. ‘An Application Programming Interface (API) is a shared boundary provided by software to facilitate communication. In the case of a CAD system, it is a way to interact with the software and CAD files with another program. ‘APIs in CAD programs open up new possibilities in how you interact with the program, From reading data to automating design, API’s are a powerful asset. ‘There are three common ways to interact with ‘the API. + Macro — A small program or script to automate a common task, usually launched by loading the program with the macro utility. CAD software allows you to create macros by recording user actions as an easy jtump off point. Useful for quick and small time saves. All macros are written in VB.Net, but no extra software is needed + Add-in — An application that exists within the CAD program, astally launched by a custom menu button. Useful for adding functionality that needs to fit seamlessly into the design workflow. ‘Add-ins can be written in either C# or VB.Net, but either way you'll need your own development environment. + Stand Alone — An extemal application that can Jaunch and interact ‘with CAD programs fiom another window. Usually launched like any other desktop application, with a shortcut. Useful for applications where data is gathered from CAD, but used for purposes other thon design. Stand Alone applications can be ‘written in either C# or VB.Net like an add-in.Using APT user can + Create — eve flea Ci create new drawings, properties, features, and Automating creation can save the overhead of setup, especiall ssiten Bs bine Setup protocols are well defined and consistent. Usefil for Seta =~ to create, comes the power to destroy. also be rence auing UP @ mess, most items that can be created ean * Update — ce Upaate The downside of creating data is keeping it up to date. a ate daa is only slightly more useful than no data. Using fo Keep data up to date can save users from the purgator that is data management. banaead Read ~ Reading data is perhaps the simplest action with an API, but can be important. The data that is locked away inside a CAD model can be usefial in the rest of the manufacturing process. Questions like: what is the BOM, which parts are purchased, which parts require paint, can all be answered manually, but compiling data quickly is what a computer does best. Need for CAD Customization + Implementing a finctionality that does not exist in the out of the box package + Repetitive tasks can be done ina single click + Checklist for inspection can be customized + Wizards can be created for guiding the use through the complete workflow + Big time saving impact + Core focus on product development + CAD Customization effect on digital thread + Most CAD systems provide the following two mechanisms, + Most CAD systems provide the following two mechanisms 1) Record-Edit-Play of a macro or VB code 2) Develop an Add-On using Open APIs ot toolkits Benefits of CAD Customization in Design, Process, and Systems + Many of the repetitive tasks can be computerized within CAD software. + With customization of CAD functions, companies automate redundant tasks and experience great tine saving + CAD customization allows engineers to keep their core focus on product development without having to worry about support functions. + The benefits of CAD customization include enhanced productivity, reduced human errors. and systems integration. + In addition, customization and automation of CAD software enriches advancement in areas such as the digital thread. + custom applications intelligently extract data, apply rules, make decisions and perform operations automatically thus improving the quality and reducing cost. + Design Automation ~ This involves identifying repetitive design events and tasks that require multiple mouse clicks and automate them, This lets engineers focis on high-level design, rather than the mechanics of the drawing technology. + Process utomation — This involves understanding of the design Ifeeyee and auromating supporting steps based on eran rules. This help3 in redueing human etor and maintaining consistent behaviour while integrating with other applications.Problems In Develo i c ping A Customized CAD Application, Capturing Design Data to be Programmed, ite very difficult for the engineers to explain the process of design engineering Clearly, so that it ean be brought under the Roneoek are System. This lack of standardized processes for prodict design tmakes it complex to understand the ateas that ean be auttomated” Improper Task Identification: Selection of wrong tasks of not So Usefil tasks for automation defeats the entire purpose of design automation, Application System Design: While developing the system for a CAD customization application, a common problem is to find a situation where the design rules and facts are not interlinked. Data Formatting: Design automation applications are driven by input and output data, all the data includes the description of geometry. This system has to convert the CAD. data, that’s provided as input to geometry-based data for computing further. As the companies moved to CAD systems, these systems have to be developed to perform the task as expected,