Circuit 2 Lab 23.05 .

2023

State of Libya

Al-Asmarya Islamic University

Faculty of Engineering

Electrical and Computer Engineering Department

Circuit 2 Laboratory

Name: Hisham Jamal Ali

Reg. No.: 219082288

Experiment "1": AC Peak, RMS, and Phase Measurement.

Supervision by: Mohammed El-Shriff

Semester of: Spring 2022/2023.

Circuit 2 Lab 23.05 .2023

Electric Circuits 2 Lab

Experiment # 1

AC Peak, RMS, and Phase Measurement

Abstract:

The oscilloscope is a device for observing and taking measurements of electrical signals
and waveforms
The analog oscilloscope consists of a cathode ray tube (CRT) which displays a graph,
primarily voltage versus time.
Its used to study ac current and voltage waves like sine wave and its have some basic
concepts like:
 The RMS (Root Mean Square) value (also known as effective or virtual value) of  an
alternating current (AC) is the value of direct current (DC), when flowing through a
circuit or resistor for the specific time period and produces same amount of heat which
produced by the alternating current (AC) when flowing through the same circuit or
resistor for a specific time.
 AC peak voltage is the maximum or peak voltage the source can or will achieve.
 phase measurement is a relative (ratio) measurement and not an absolute measurement,
Phase measurements compare the phase of the signal going into a device (the incident
signal) to the phase of the device's response signal.

Objectives:
 To become familiar with the use measurement devices.
 To identify the characteristics of basic sinusoidal & non-sinusoidal waveforms.
 To learn how to determine root-mean-square values.
Circuit 2 Lab 23.05 .2023

Introduction:

In alternating current (AC, also ac) the movement (or flow) of electric charge periodically
reverses direction. An electric charge would for instance move forward, then backward, then
forward, then backward, over and over again. In direct current (DC), the movement (or flow) of
electric charge is only in one direction.

Average value: Average value of an alternating current is expressed by that steady DC current
which transfer across any circuit the same charge as is transferred by that AC during the same
time period.

Root Mean Square (RMS) Value: The RMS value of an alternating current is expressed by
that steady DC current which when flowing through a given circuit for given time produces same
heat as produced by that AC through the sane circuit for the same time period. In the common
case of alternating current when i(t) is a sinusoidal current, as is approximately true for mains
power, the RMS value is easy to calculate from the continuous case equation above. If we define
I p to be the peak current, then in general form

√
T2
1
I rms = ∫
T 2−T 1 T
(
2
I p sinωt ) dt
1

where I p is the peak value of the current.

For sinusoidal voltage, v ( t )=V p sin ⁡( ωt+ θ)

Vp
V rms =
√2
The same procedures can be applied to other types of waveforms with different results in each
case.

Required Materials & Equipment:

 Function generator.
 Multimeter.
 Oscilloscope.
 Resistor and Capacitor.
Circuit 2 Lab 23.05 .2023

Procedures:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram of the shown figure.

2. Set the frequency of the function generator at 50 Hz with V p=10V with the selection of
sinusoidal waveform.
3. Set the simulation mode on Interactive and adjust the simulation time and the maximum
step size to get more accurate results.
4. Run the simulation and adjust the Oscilloscope channels for suitable view.
5. Use the Grapher to capture your waveforms.
6. Determine the phase shift of capacitor voltage from the source voltage.
7. Use the oscilloscope to obtain V p− p on the capacitor as well as the periodic time.
8. Use the multimeter to take the rms reading.
9. Change the type of waveform to triangular and square while leaving the other parameters
unchanged.
10. Collect your readings in each case and fill in the following table.

Type of Periodic Phase Calculated Multimeter

V p− p Vp
Waveform Time (T) Shift(° ) V rms Reading
Sinusoidal 20 ms 17.59° 18.91 V 9.45 V 7.07 V 6.74 V

Triangular 20 ms 10.8° 17.21 V 8.575 V 5.77 V 5.62 V

Square 20 ms 31.29° 20 V 10 V 10 V 9V
Circuit 2 Lab 23.05 .2023

Discussion & Observation:

 There is a shift by 90° between the input and output wave due to the presence of the
capacitor in the circuit
 The capacitor in the circuit will also cause an output wave with a peak to peak value
higher than the input wave
 All the values measured by the measurement devices are RMS values.

Conclusions:

 The waveform repeats itself every define time and it's called period time.
 The frequency of the waveform can be obtained from the inverse of the period time.
 V (peak-peak) are calculated by taken the maximum positive value of the wave and the
minimum value of the wave in one period.
 The reason of using the RMS value for calculation is most measuring ac values give their
outputs as RMS.
 The relationship between Vrms and Vp has been approved.

Assignment:

Answer the following questions:

1. What would be the average value of a sinusoidal signal? Why?

A.1) Zero because the average value of a sinusoidal waveform over one full
Cycle the positive half cancel the negative half

2. Calculate the rms values of square & triangular waveforms.

A.2) In the Triangular waveform " Vrms = (0.577Vp)".

And in the Square waveform " Vrms = (Vp)".

3. A digital multimeter is used to measure DC voltages up to 1000V, what would be the

maximum AC voltage that can be measured without harming the device?

A.3) Vrms= V/√ 2 = 707.1 rms in AC

Circuit 2 Lab 23.05 .2023

4. Define the effective value? What is the relationship between the effective and rms values
for a sinusoidal waveform?

A.4) The effective value is the square root of the average of the square of alternating
current or voltage values
The RMS value is the effective value of a varying voltage or current. It is the
equivalent steady DC (constant) value which gives the same effect.

5. A waveform is given by v ( t )=5 sin ( 3.14 t+50 ° ) +6 . Choose the right measurement type
(effective, average, and/or rms). Discuss your answer.

A.5) The Average measurement because we have a dc voltage

Evaluation Table (for instructor use only):

Section Precentage Grade

Abstract 20%
Measurements 20%
Discussion & Observation 20%
Conclusion 20%
Assignment 20%
Total 100%