Pak.

Journal of Int’L Affairs, Vol 5, Issue 3 (2022) Analysis of Pakistan's Role in United Nations …

ANALYSIS OF PAKISTAN'S ROLE IN UNITED NATIONS

PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS
Sania Islam
LLM
Abdul Wali Khan University
Pakistan
[email protected]

Dr. Muhammad Ifzal Mehmood

Assistant Professor law
Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University
Sheringal, Dir Upper – Pakistan
[email protected]

Dr. Muhammad Haroon Khan

Assistant Professor
Dept of Shariah & Law
Islamia College Peshawar
Peshawar - Pakistan
[email protected]

ABSTRACT
Peacekeeping missions from the post-World War II era have played an important
role in maintaining global peace and resolving conflicts in ambiguous regions and
states. These missions are supported by contributions from various United Nations
members, including Pakistan. The primary goal of this research is to investigate
Pakistan's commitments and involvement in UN peacekeeping missions. This study
seeks to explain Pakistan's involvement in UNPKOs and the accomplishments
Pakistan has made in these operations. Maintaining world peace and security is
one of Pakistan's primary foreign policy objectives. As a result, it has been actively
taking part in United Nations peacekeeping missions ever since it was founded.
Pakistan has participated in a total of 46 missions in 28 countries and regions,
which were crucial in maintaining international peace and security. Pakistani
peacekeepers have completed numerous successful missions, won the hearts and
minds of the local populace, and received a great deal of international acclaim
thanks to their patient demeanors and high level of professionalism. 157 Pakistanis
have also lost their lives in this worthy purpose to date. The qualitative research
methodology has been applied on following article.

KEYWORDS: UN peacekeeping operations (UNPKOs), CIPS, Pakistan.

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INTRODUCTION

In order to help preserve or world peace in conflict zones, the UN defines peacekeeping as "an
operation involving military personnel, but without enforcement powers". It is created as a
standard tool for resolving conflicts and establishing conditions for lasting peace in nations that
have experienced war. These UN peacekeeping missions stop conflicts from worsening or
reoccurring. Additionally, it is a cost-effective way to increase global stability and security. The
nature of the peacekeeping operations is diverse. These are some of the primary duties involved
with UN peacekeeping missions. It mediates disputes to reach lasting agreements, oversees the
execution of cease-fire agreements, keeps tabs on emergency procedures, and aids in civil matters
like the provision of humanitarian aid, emergency relief, and political reform that helps to restore
democracy and protect human rights. Working for and maintaining international security and peace
is one of Pakistan's major foreign policy goals. Pakistan is working toward this goal using a variety
of strategies, including active participation in United Nations peacekeeping missions around the
globe. The operations in question are helpful in this regard. This study's primary goal is to examine
Pakistan's participation in and position in UN peacekeeping operations.

In helping nations make the difficult transition from violence to peace, peacekeeping has proven
to be one of the most effective UN operations. Currently, multifaceted peace operations missions
are responsible for not only preserving peace and security but also enabling political processes,
safeguarding civilians, assisting in the demilitarization, disarmament, and integration of former
combatants, supporting enshrined in the constitution practices and election-related activities,
defending and promoting human rights, aiding in the restoration of the rule of law, and assisting
in the maintenance of the legitimate government. In comparison to other methods, such as direct
intervention, of restoring peace in conflict zones, it is also more affordable. It was thought to be a
key tool the Security Council would use to uphold peace, which is its fundamental duty. The
agenda has gotten longer in an attempt to enhance the long-term peace strategy, and the mandates
variety from protecting citizens to assisting with state-building initiatives. Since peace mission are
not obviously mentioned in the charter of UN, the concept of peacekeeping has developed over
time to reflect shifts in conflict nature and our understanding of security, resulting in the
multifaceted peacebuilding we see today.

Moreover, the peacekeeping missions of the United Nations (UN) assist war-torn nations in
establishing the foundations of enduring peace. These circumstances can be divided into four
categories with varying degrees of complexity: institutionalized rebuilding, monitoring and
observation missions, traditional peacekeeping, traditional peace policing, and third-level peace
building. Each category's guiding principle is to aid in the deployment of a cease-fire as well as
peace accord. Modern peacekeeping missions assist and aid in the organization of elections, ease
the political process, protect civilians, assist in the disarming, demilitarization, and rehabilitation
of past combatants, protect and advance human rights, and lastly aid in the restoration of the rule
of law. UNPKo is an example of a special sort of international collaboration. To handle operations
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in the field, it relies on the UN Security Council's (UNSC) legal and political authority, the member
states' resources and financial commitments, as well as the assistance of the host country or area.
This alliance ensures the legitimacy, long-term viability, and global reach of UN peacekeeping
(Hultman, L., Kathman, J., & Shannon, M. 2013).

Over 100,000 field personnel are currently deployed to 14 active UN peacekeeping missions
spread over three continents. India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, three countries in South Asia,
account for the majority of these deployments. In its long and illustrious history, Pakistan has
contributed to UN peacekeeping. In 1960, Pakistan sent its first peacekeeping deployment to the
Congo under UN auspices. Since then, it has consistently and significantly contributed to UN
peacekeeping efforts around the globe. An image showing Pakistan's contribution in UNPKOs
throughout the 1960s (Joshi, M. 2013).

ROLE OF PAKISTAN IN UNPKOs

During the previous 60 years, Pakistan has sent 200,000 soldiers to 46 missions and 28 states in
virtually every continent. Upward to 157 Pakistani peacekeepers, including 24 officers, have
sacrificed their lives in the line of duty. About 10% of all casualties sustained by Un peacekeeping
operations since their start were from Pakistan. 97 Pakistani peacekeepers have received the Dag
Hammarskjold Medal, the greatest UN honor, in appreciation for their valor.

Pakistan currently spends more than 5,000 personnel to nine UN operations, despite its 18-year
involvement in the ongoing war against terrorism and deployments on its eastern and western
borders. One of the biggest and best providers to UNPKOs is Pakistan. It has the distinct honor of
having been appointed to significant peacekeeping positions, such “as Special Envoy and Advisor
to the UN Secretary General, Army Advisor at the Ministry of Peacekeeping Operations, Chief
Military Monitor, Force and Deputy Force Commanders, and others.” Pakistani troops have been
instrumental in bringing war-torn communities back to normal, upholding law and order, and
facilitating smooth political transitions in tense circumstances (Kiani, M. 2004). The following is
a list of the contributions Pakistani peacekeepers have made.:

Political
(a) Along with maintaining the peace and protecting diplomats and other UN agencies, (b)
Elections and referendums conducted without violence to reestablish democratic standards. (c)
Disarmament of tens of thousands of insurgents in numerous battle zones with hostile conditions
(d) Over 125 square kilometers, demining activities have been taking place there, largely
undetected (e) Developing the capabilities and educating the local police, military, and law
enforcement organizations (Krishnasamy, K. 2002).

Socio-Economic
(a) thousands of local patients receiving free medical care (b) Various educational institutions need
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rehabilitation and operational support (c) The provision of vocational education to adolescents and
former fighters (d) reviving the economy and putting the law in place (e) Flood relief, catastrophe
preparedness, and the construction of roads and other structure (f) inspiring and involving the
socially marginalized through female participation teams (Wasi, N. 2005).

A SUPPORTING EDIFICE FOR PEACEKEEPING

Pakistan has institutionalized pre-departure plans for its troops and developed a variety of facilities
to prepare and train those sent to the UN for peacekeeping missions due to the variety of problems
experienced during such operations. “A Center for International Peace and Stability (CIPS) was
founded at the National University of Science & Technology to educate and equip managers and
leaders for international peacekeeping, stability, and peace building (NUST).” On August 13,
2013, it was officially opened by Ban Kimoon, the former UN Secretary General. I sense enormous
optimism and confidence here today, but the sensation that overpowers me is appreciation, he said
in support of Pakistan's efforts. The Center for International Peace Studies (CIPS) offers a
comprehensive approach to training instructors for peacekeeping, peacebuilding, stability, and
support operations. Pakistan's contributions to UNPKOs are so significant that they can hardly be
ignored when discussing the organization's past. The center focuses on research to identify ways
to settle disputes through discussion rather than using force. Additionally, it provides PhD
programs to both domestic and international students. 232 policemen have been trained thus far,
notably 22 female peacekeepers from allied countries (Zaccaria, G. 2021).

The School of Infantry & Tactics' Peacekeeping Instruction Wing similarly gives physical training
on a variety of aspects of ground PKO (Peacekeeping operation) in addition to core principles and
instructions. The UNPKO Operational Readiness Framework is a stockpile of training, weapons,
and equipment necessary to meet a variety of UN criteria. All of the UN's eight recommending
assessment journeys and four pre-departure certified inspections of numerous Pakistani
organizations have received positive feedback. An army battalion and a military hospital have been
set up for speedy deployment with 60 days' notice in order to address urgent UN needs (Debrix, F.
1999).

In response to a United Nations directive to increase the number of women serving on

peacekeeping teams, "The Female Engagement Teams (FET)" have been formed. In spite of
cultural and religious constraints and family obligations, 86 women have been deployed as military
and police officers and police. Pakistan was among the first countries to begin using FET in the
Congo in June of this year. Pakistan, a veteran and highly regarded TCC (Troop Contributing
Countries), has assisted in the development of new TCCs by providing peacekeeping training,
advice, and the possibility of combination engagement with Republic of Kazakhstan, Türkiye, and
Sri Lanka. According to the most recent UN criteria and thinking, all of these training facilities
routinely review and adapt their curricula (Owuor, V. 2021).

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PAKISTAN PEACEKEEPING’S INITIATIVE

Pakistan's steadfast dedication to maintaining world peace and security is demonstrated by an

overview of its peacekeeping operations in “Latin America, the Balkans, West Africa, East Africa,
Central Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia.” In these operations, Pakistani soldiers went
above and beyond call of duty to help the less fortunate, and in some cases, they even gave their
lives saving others. The following paragraphs provide a description of a few UN operations that
Pakistani forces engaged in that had a variety of mandates and operational settings (Chand, D.
2020).

UNPKO in Somalia (1992-95)

Due to conflict in Somalia in the early nineties, customary law briefly fell apart. During the
country's civil war, a sizable section of the populace also experienced starvation. It wasn't until
September 1992, when a large contingent of Pakistani troops finally entered the country, that the
country was truly prepared for a mechanized battalion. The force's strength was eventually
increased to that of a brigade. Pakistani peacekeepers were tasked with patrolling air and sea ports
and searching for illegal weapons in the war-torn country to ensure the safety of humanitarian aid
operations. The UN military headquarters assigned Pakistani forces the responsibility of inspecting
the warlord Farah Aideed's arsenal on June 5, 1993. His followers ambushed them along the way,
using kids and women as civilians as shields to stop response. In an extraordinary show of patience,
the Pakistani soldiers fighting their way back while protecting the women and children. 56
Pakistanis were hurt and 23 were killed in the firefight. In total, 43 people died in Somalia.

Pakistan's deft handling of the security environment and assisting of food convoys won over the
locals rapidly. The campaign's catchphrase, "Pakistan and Somalia Walla Walla," which indicates
that Pakistanis and Somalis are brothers, is the product of these efforts. In the Olympic Hotel
incident in October 1993, a coordinated effort of American, Pakistani, and Malaysian forces saved
100 stranded American Special Services Group personnel (Black Hawk Down). After eight hours
of fierce fighting, the US soldiers might not have made it without the courage and valor of the
Pakistani troops. Many of the soldiers were able to live, according to “Major General Thomas M.
Montgomery, Deputy Commander of UN forces in Somalia,” because Pakistani soldiers worked in
extremely hazardous and tough combat situations. He also commended for Pakistan's military and
people for producing such excellent soldiers (Swan, E. S., & Karpetz, E. 1995).

UNPKO in Haiti (1993-37)

More than 10,000 people perished in political violence following a military takeover of President
Bertrand Aristide's elected administration, while thousands of refugees fled to nearby nations. In
November 1992, the UN adopted a resolution condemning the coup and supporting the Aristide
government, which regained power in October 1994. The Haitian military, which had been
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severely weakened by the prolonged absence of a functioning government, was especially

revitalized by the “Pakistani Battalion Group,” who also brought calm and reestablished
governmental institutions. This organization made a substantial contribution to the smooth running
of free and fair elections in Haiti's northern regions.

The Pakistani Blue Berets worked to improve infrastructure like roads and schools, as well as
infrastructure like lighting in public spaces like parks and streets, so that students could study at
night. A school was given the name "Pakistan School" in appreciation of their work. "I offer my
heartfelt respect and appreciation to the people of Pakistan, the Pakistan army, and its gallant
warriors for their demonstration filled with absolute sincerity, friendship, and solidarity," the
president of Haiti said in a homage to the commitment and contributions of Pakistani forces
(Fernández Moreno, M., Braga, C. C. V., & Gomes, M. S. 2012).

UN Protection Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992-96)

A four-year civil war began in 1991 when Bosnia proclaimed independence alongside numerous
other former Yugoslav republics. Muslims made up 44% of Bosnia's population, followed by Serbs
(31%), and Croats (4%). (17 per cent). In April 1992, the city of Sarajevo came under a 44-month
siege from the Bosnian Serbs, who were expert armed forces and supported by the Serbs in the
area. Muslims and Catholic Croats were their main targets. For fear of a harsh response, the UN
mission refrained from engaging Bosnian Serbs and instead concentrated on providing
humanitarian aid to the fighting in Bosnia. A Pakistani detachment of 3,000 was dispatched to the
area in 1992 to increase mobility, secure relief workers, back up NGOs and United nations
agencies, and coordinate aid for the displaced.

The Pakistani contingent did a great job of locating, keeping an eye on, and defending without bias
all ethnoreligious and minority groups, refugees, and dispossessed individuals. They supervised
the relief efforts of global and Pakistani NGOs as well as UN agencies. In contrast, Pakistani troops
supported the local population, particularly orphans, with money, clothing, food, and medical care
from their own resources. The professionalism, fidelity to duty, and neutrality of the Pakistani
troops were hailed by both the Bosnians and the world community. Bosnians still hold Pakistan in
the highest regard (Tardy, T. 2014).

UNPKO assistance mission in sierra leone (2001-05)

Early in 1991, a civil war broke out in “Sierra Leone between the Revolutionary United Front
(RUF),” which had backing from the governments of Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, and that
country. The 11-year conflict left 50,000 people dead, the state apparatus in disarray, vast numbers
of people fleeing, and starvation. Going to follow the UNSC obligation of October 1999, the
UNPK operation in Republic of Sierra Leone was dispatched there to assist in implementing the
peace treaty between the RUF as well as government forces. The mission encountered fierce
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opposition, and the kidnapping of hundreds of peacekeepers in May 2000 forced the United
Kingdom to launch a military operation in its former territory.

Pakistani forces performed a vital part in the UNPKO effort in Republic of Sierra Leone's success.
A Pakistani division group was airlifted in after the Indian contingent abandoned them, and they
undertook a variety of activities including guarding, enchanting and improve rebels, setting up
therapeutic sites, and directing a "winning hearts and minds" movement. For the peaceful
presidential and legislative selections in May 2002, the Pakistani contingent in particular made
sure that there was law and order. To determine the level of goodwill generated by such deeds, take
into account that President Ahmed Kabbah of Republic of Sierra Leone frequently chowed down
in Pakistani establishments where the former rebel commander was also a regular visitor
(Olonisakin, F. 2022).

UNPKO in kingdom of Cambodia (1991-93)

After the ratification of the Paris Peace Accords in 1991, PKOs were started in the kingdom of
Cambodia. Additionally, this was the first time the UN has assumed control of an independent
state's administration, arranged and conducted elections rather than merely monitoring them, and
assumed responsibility for advancing and defending human rights.

The army consisted of 15,900 individuals from 32 different countries, along with a delegation from
Pakistan. Pakistani soldiers were sent to a remote area where armed rebels were rife. Under
difficult circumstances, they 7 conducted out peacekeeping missions and coerced the warring
parties to submit. In addition to maintaining peace in extremely tough locations without
communication infrastructure, peacekeepers also began a comprehensive plan for humanitarian
aid to repair roads, drill wells, and build hospitals (Thayer, C. A. 1998).

UNPKO in Côte d'Ivoire (2004- till to date)

After rogue troops attempted to overthrow President Koudou Laurent Gbagbo in 2002, the Ivory
Coast split between a Christian South controlled by the government and a Muslim rebel-held
North. The Pakistani contingent, which consists of one infantry battalion, has been on the ground
since 2004.

Pakistani force of peacekeepers were stationed in rebel-held areas, where they successfully upheld
the peace and assisted in the nation's reconstruction. The orderly conduct of the 2010 presidential
elections has been one major accomplishment of Pakistani forces. The diplomatic community was
evacuated from the capital city by Pakistani forces after the scenario in Abidjan deteriorated. Since
the end of the war, the Ivory Coast has been engaged in a protracted and challenging phase of
peacebuilding and national reconciliation as it attempts to rebuild itself both politically and
economically (Novosseloff, A. 2018).
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UNPKO in Republic of the Sudan (2005-11)

A brutal 22-year civil war between the Khartoum-formed central government and the “Sudan
People's Liberation Army (SPLA)” took place. The Blue Nile region was affected by the violence
that began in southern Sudan but later moved to other areas. Millions of people fled to neighboring
states, and two million people perished in this conflict. In January 2005, the Sudanese government
and the SPLA agreed to a Comprehensive Peace Agreement that put an end to the country's civil
conflict and called for the establishment of South Sudan by the year 2011. A mission would be
established in Republic of the Sudan to assist with the enactment of the treaty, according to a
UNSC resolution from March 2005.

In March 2005, the Pakistani contingent, which included an infantry battalion grouping with air
support, was sent to Sudan. The security of civilians and the restoration of public facilities in the
nation ripped apart by civil conflict fell within the purview of the Pakistani sector in the Blue Nile
state. The delegation worked hard to gain the community's support while also upholding the law
by establishing free treatment centers, providing food, and providing other services. The region
along the Ethiopian border, which had been unmarked and resulted in countless civilian casualties,
was also de-mined by Pakistani engineers using manual techniques and mine detection canines
(Day, A., Hunt, C. T., Yin, H., & Kumalo, L. 2019).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF PAKISTANI PEACEKEEPING CONTRIBUTIONS

Pakistan has made a variety of contributions to UN missions, from those in member of Europe and
other African states to those in the states of Middle East. These contributions come from both
military and police troops working for the UN peacekeeping mission. Pakistan has also produced
female officers who have participated in both the military and police forces, despite the limitations
placed by culture and family customs common of South Asian nations. In addition to their
performance, Pakistani peacekeepers have demonstrated exceptional behavior as contrasted to
other delegations, whose track record has been damaged by numerous incidents. The leadership of
the UN and other world leaders have praised the performance of the Pakistani Blue Helmets. The
former UNGS Ban stated, "I was moved with gratitude for its role in promoting international peace
and security," during his 2013 visit to Pakistan. For UN peacekeeping deployments, more than
100 nations provide police and military personnel. Pakistan is in first place. 6 Pakistan is one of
the main donors to UN peacekeeping, said UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres in a recent
statement on February 16, 2020. It was an inspiration to meet some of the strong Males and females
whom is waging war for peace all over the world. I appreciate your service and giving of yourself.
"I am in an infatuation with Pakistan and its people," he continued (Krishnasamy, K. 2001).

Sukarno, the first president of Indonesia, and Zhou Enlai, the premier of China at the time, had
previously stated their enthusiasm for Pakistan's PKOs efforts in the previous colony. Sukarno
remarked, "Pakistani troops were Pakistan's best ambassadors; they were the reason Indonesia
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and Pakistan grew closer." The Chinese premier said, "Pakistan's military contingent is the first
instance in UN history where a military force entered, carried out its mission honestly, and then
left" (Khan, M. R. U., & Bashir, F. 2020).

Conceptual Approaches to UNPKO Complexity

In discussions and intellectual forums held under the framework of the UN, Pakistan has taken the
lead in advancing ideas, hiring practices, and training linked to UN peacekeeping. Several UN
manuals, particularly those relating to the tactical level, have been created and modified by
Pakistan based on its varied peacekeeping experiences, spread out over six decades in various
operational circumstances. Pakistan's dedication to sharing its knowledge in both peacebuilding
and peacekeeping is also demonstrated either by CIPS at the NUST. Even as trying to serve as the
UNSC's Head of state in 2013, Pakistan took the initiative that led to the creation of one of the
most significant and distinguishable peacekeeping operations, recognized as the (Force)
Interference Brigade.

With the limited functionality that are generally available to meet those demands, UN
peacekeeping finds itself at a pivotal moment in the current risky operations as it continues to
struggle to maintain the intricacies carried on by the expansive scope and scale of activities
included with the UNSC precondition. Action for Peacekeeping (A4P), which the UN Secretary
General initiated on September 25, 2018, intends to strengthen peacekeeping by fostering group
action from all parties involved in peacekeeping. Its goals include strengthening operations with a
more focused mandate, making operations stronger and safer, and mobilizing support for political
solutions as well as improved equipped and prepared forces. The first nation to ratify this charter
was Pakistan, whose foreign minister flew in specifically for the occasion. The comments
expressed by Pakistan at the UN General Assembly's Fifth Committee's first session on May 1,
2017, provide the conceptual framework of A4P (Aoi, C., De Coning, C., & Karlsrud, J. (017).
They are as follows:

(a) ensuring that each member state maintains its political commitment. (b) fostering tripartite
collaboration between the Security Council, the Secretariat, and the nations who provide troops.
This kind of cooperation is necessary not only when creating the mandate but also when carrying
it out, reviewing, renewing, or changing it, especially if things start to get worse quickly on the
ground. (c) Where required, civilian protection continues to be crucial. This endeavor would be
easier if the mandates were clearly established. Preventing armed conflict from starting, addressing
its core causes, and settling disputes via inclusive, long-lasting political solutions are the greatest
ways to safeguard civilians. (d) Representatives from the TCCs and the policing-contributing
nations in management and high positions in the operations and management would give them a
potential determinant to provide input proportionate to their commitment. (e) An approach that is
driven by capability would make missions more effective. The cornerstone of this strategy is
professional, well-trained, and well-equipped peacekeepers, and it is crucial to expand
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collaborations with regional and sub-regional institutions.

Geostrategic Obligations

The praise given to Pakistan's peacekeepers around the world also serves as an example of the
country's efforts to uphold peace and advance stability and the rule of law. While Pakistani
contingents self-assume some UNPKOs to win over the local community and project their "soft
power," others have been inextricably linked with nation-building. Peacekeeping has also
improved how the world sees Pakistani society, along with its customs, culture, and value system.
Pakistani forces participating in UN missions are primarily combat-hardened and brave due to
their upwards of 18 years of combat experience fighting terrorists in tribal areas close to the
Pakistan-Afghanistan border. In the wake of 9/11, the propaganda and campaigning of hostile
states contributed to many misconceptions about Pakistan and its people, which UN peacekeeping
operations have helped debunk.

As part of its foreign policy, Pakistan now actively participates in UN peacekeeping missions.
Involvement in UN peacekeeping operations offers Islamabad a good opportunity to increase its
profile in the international sphere as a middle-sized country with potential for power. Additionally,
it is a tactful method to portray the nation as a responsible UN member state that upholds the UN
Charter. Despite its dedication to continuing anti-terrorist operations, Pakistan has shown its
commitment to global peace and security by participating in UN activities. Additionally, Pakistan's
diplomatic standing at the UN is raised by UN peacekeeping, which aids Pakistan in thwarting
numerous attempts to advance its economic and diplomatic goals. The UN Military Panelists
Group's deployment between India and Pakistan, in which only the Pakistani side has liberty of
movement, and full engagement in peacekeeping also serve to recompense in kind the unresolved
Jammu & Kashmir conflict. The South Asian nations are under some informal peer pressure to
provide peacekeepers, and the UN Secretariat is under some pressure to continue as a "committed
contributor" A regional level has benefited from peacekeeping operations as well. Although India
and Pakistan frequently clash, they have collaborated cordially on numerous UN missions, which
is an interesting observation.

Moreover, an innovative and dynamic tool, United Nations (UN) peacekeeping aids conflict-
affected nations in setting the stage for enduring peace. It is an example of global cooperation that
unites the host government(s), the General Assembly, the Security Council, the nations that provide
troops, and the troops themselves in an attempt to uphold world peace and security. During the
Arab-Israeli War in 1948, the first UN peacekeeping operation was sent into the field. Ever since,
the UN has supported 72 missions around the globe, Fourteen of which are still going strong today.
More than 100 nations participate in peacekeeping missions, with South Asia accounting for the
majority of them.

Pakistan has sent more than 200,000 soldiers and police to 46 UN deployments since its first
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peacekeeping operation there in the Congo in 1960. 157 peacekeepers have died while carrying
out these tasks, and many more have suffered crippling injuries. Pakistan has built a sophisticated
equipment of research and education institutions that are available to foreign cooperation in order
to handle the contemporary difficulties of peacekeeping. The leadership and people of the host
countries as well as in all international forums have praised the Pakistani Blue Berets' flawless
performance and dedication.

Pakistan and its army have had a unique chance thanks to UN peacekeeping to showcase their
expertise, dedication to international security and peace, and sense of responsibility and sacrifice.
Pakistan has significantly influenced the development of peacekeeping theories, concepts, and
manuals as a result of its 60 years of peacekeeping in diverse situations. Its diplomatic status at the
UN and other related venues has also improved as a result of its involvement. Pakistan has gained
exposure to other countries' systems through its work with multinational forces, which has also
promoted camaraderie and understanding. Joint training and activities have a synergistic effect that
bodes well for regional harmony and collaboration (Soni, P., & Karodia, A. M. 2013).

CONCLUSION

In war-torn areas, peacekeeping is a typical strategy for resolving conflicts, establishing stability,
and ensuring peace. Destabilizing countries aids in bringing about peace and the end of hostilities.
Pakistan holds the distinction of providing one of the largest troop contributions to UN missions
in this regard. the globe. Pakistan has so far sent its top diplomats, military and police personnel,
medical personnel, and regular assistance workers—both male and female—to conduct effective
peacekeeping tasks under the auspices of the UN for world peace and stability. Its strong
performance has frequently been recognised and applauded by the global community. Pakistan has
demonstrated that it is a responsible and peace-loving nation of the globe by participating in
peacekeeping operations with full dedication and enthusiasm. This action represents Pakistan's
belief in the fraternity of humanity and devotion to world peace. Additionally, it has substantially
improved Pakistan's favorable perception in the eyes of the world.

In order to create a stable and peaceful world, these peacekeeping missions carried out under the
auspices of the UN need to become more goal-oriented. The "right person with the right abilities
to the right mission" is crucial in this regard. Along with having a high level of professionalism,
peacekeepers must also be unbiased, compassionate, and respectful of local traditions and customs.
They must build cordial ties with the locals, as Pakistanis have done effectively in other missions,
including those in Somalia. In addition, there are a variety of underlying problems and difficulties
that affect the effectiveness of the troops involved and the results of the missions. The power
politics of major nations in the planning of missions, a lack of funding, violence towards
peacekeeping forces, a lack of necessary drills, and a high degree of professionalism are among
these problems.

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Subtly, there is no substitute for UN missions for settling problems and restoring peace, so more
research is needed on the subject of how Pakistan's extensive experience and strong performance
in peacekeeping can assist the UN as well as other regional institutions like the African Union in
strengthening their peacekeeping goals. Studies on the difficulties and concerns encountered by
ground forces are also necessary. Additionally, persons who are or have been active in
peacekeeping missions have first-hand knowledge and primary data; as a result, they are obliged
to write about the topic.

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