NORTH BORNEO UNIVERSITY COLLEGE

ANSWER BOOKLET

COURSE CODE & NAME : STE 1013 & INTRODUCTION OF INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY

PROGRAMME : BACHELOR OF SECURITY AND ENFORCEMENT

MANAGEMENT ( HONS ) APEL

DATE & TIME OF ASSESSMENT : 23 DECEMBER, 2021 ( 09.00 AM – 12.00 PM )

NAME OF STUDENT : ZAENAL BIN BIDDIN

STUDENT ID : 2021.5.SE02.0006

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1. Answer ALL questions in Malay.
2. The written answers must comply with the following format:
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3. Please rename the file according to this naming scheme: Answer Booklet (Student Name, ID)
Example: Answer Booklet (Mathilda Amanda, MPU131387)

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bear the consequences if I fail to do so.

FINAL ONLINE ASSESSMENT SUBMISSION

COURSE CODE : STE 1013

COURSE NAME : INTRODUCTION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

SIGNATURE : ZAENAL BIN BIDDIN

*By typing your full name will act as a
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NAME OF STUDENT : ZAENAL BIN BIDDIN

STUDENT ID : 2021.5.SE02.0006

DATE : 23 DECEMBER, 2021 ( THURSDAY )

STUDENT’S ANSWER

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SECTION : A

QUESTION 1
i) The CPU is short for the Central Processing Unit. It is the main
part of the computer where instructions are processed The
central processing unit includes the main memory manipulates
raw data into more useful form and controls the other parts of
the computer system.

ii) Primary storage (RAM)

temporarily stores data and program instructions during
processing.

Secondary storage (Hard Drive)

devices store data and programs when they are not being used in
processing.

Communication devices
provide connections between the computer and communications
networks.

QUESTION 2
i) Input is any data and instructions entered into the memory of a
computer while output is data that has been processed into a
useful form.

ii) Example of input devices are keyboard and pointing devices.

Keyboard is an input device that contains keys users press to
 enter data and instructions into a computer or mobile device
while a pointing device is a small symbol on the screen whose
location and shape changes as a user moves it like mouse, touch
pad and trackball. Examples of output devices are monitor and
printers. A monitor is a display that is packaged as a separate
peripheral device like LCD monitor. Printers produces text and
graphics on a physical medium and has variety types of it like
ink-jet printer, photo printer, laser printer and so on.

QUESTION 3
i) Operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing
instructions that coordinate all the activities among computer
hardware resources.
ii) Common function of OS is starting a computer and providing a
User Interface.

QUESTION 4
Business - Applications of multimedia in business are presentation,
training, marketing, advertising, product demos, networked
communication, etc.
Education – Courseware, Simulations, E Learning, Distance Learning and
Information Searching
Entertainment - Games (Leisure / Educational), Movies, Video on Demand
(Online)

QUESTION 5
Opening a Word Document
Like saving a file, opening a file can be done using more than one method;
1) Use one of the following methods to display the Open File dialog box.
• Click on the File tab and then click on Open.
• If you have customised your Quick Access Toolbar there may be an Open
icon you can click on.
• Press [Ctrl] + [O] on your keyboard.
2) When the Open dialog appears, use the Look in: list at the top to select
the folder where the files for these exercises are saved.
3) Browse for the location of the file. Select it and click the Open button (or
double-click on the name of the file to open it).

Excel files are called workbooks. Each workbook holds one or more
worksheets (also known as “spreadsheets").
To Create a New, Blank Workbook
1. Click the File tab. This takes you to backstage view.
2. Select New.
3. Select Blank workbook under Available Templates. It will be highlighted
by default.
4. Click Create. A new, blank workbook appears in the Excel window. To
save time, you can create your document from a template, which you can
select under Available Templates.
To Open an Existing Workbook
1. Click the File tab. This takes you to backstage view.
2. Select Open. The Open dialog box appears.
3. Select your desired workbook and then click Open. If you have opened
the existing workbook recently, it may be easier to choose Recent from the
File tab instead of Open to search for your workbook.

QUESTION 6
LAN
 A Local Area Network (LAN) covers a small distance and a small
number of computers.

 A LAN often connects the machines in a single room or building

 Data transferred in High speed which ranges from 100 Mbps to gigabit
 or system development and have a low implementation cost.

 Upper limit: 10 km; Lower limit: 1 km

 Twisted pair cable or Co-axial cable connects the plug in cards to form
a network.

MAN
 The metropolitan area network (MAN)is designed to extend over an
entire city.

 It may be a single network such as cable television network available in

many cities.

 Range: Within 100 km (a city).

QUESTION 7

Ring Topology - A configuration that connects all nodes in a closed loop

on which messages travel in one direction

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SECTION : B
QUESTION: 1

i) The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer

networks that communicate with one another using the Internet
protocol suite (TCP/IP). It is a network of networks made up of
local to global private, public, academic, business, and
government networks linked by a variety of electrical, wireless,
and optical networking technologies. The Internet provides
access to a diverse set of information resources and services,
including the World Wide Web's (WWW) interconnected
hypertext documents and applications, electronic mail,
telephony, and file sharing. The Internet's beginnings may be
traced back to the creation of packet switching and research
funded by the US Department of Défense in the 1960s to allow
computer time-sharing. In the 1970s, the ARPANET, the
principal antecedent network, acted as a backbone for
connectivity of regional academic and military networks. In the
1980s, the National Science Foundation Network was funded as
a new backbone, and private support for other commercial
expansions resulted in global participation in the development of
new networking technologies, as well as the merger of several
networks. By the early 1990s, commercial networks and
enterprises had been linked, signalling the start of the
contemporary Internet's transition, which resulted in a steady
exponential expansion as generations of institution, personal, and
mobile computers were joined to the network. Although
academics was a big user of the Internet in the 1980s,
commercialization brought its services and technologies into
almost every facet of modern life.
The Internet has reshaped, redefined, or even bypassed most
traditional communication media, including telephone services,
radio, tv and movies, paper mail, and newspapers, resulting in
new services such as email, Internet telephony, Internet
television, online music, digital newspapers, and video streaming
websites. Newspapers, books, and other forms of print media are
adapting to website technology or being transformed into
blogging, web feeds, and online news aggregators. Through
instant messenger, Internet forums, and social networking sites,
the Internet has enabled and accelerated new types of personal
engagement. For major merchants, small businesses, and
entrepreneurs, internet shopping has developed at an exponential
rate because it allows them to expand their "brick & mortar"
presence to serve a larger market or even sell goods and services
wholly online.
The World Wide Web is a worldwide repository of papers,
images, video, applications, and other resources linked together
logically by hyperlinks and identified by Uniform Resource
Identifiers (URIs), which serve as a global system of named
reference. Services, web servers, databases, and the files and
resources that they can supply are all represented by URIs. The
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the World Wide Web's
primary access protocol. HTTP is one of numerous languages or
protocols that can be used for communication on the Internet,
and it is also utilised by web services for information transfer,
sharing, and exchanging business data and logistics. Individuals
and organisations can now disseminate ideas and information to
a potentially vast audience online at a much lower cost and with
much less delay thanks to the Internet. There is little upfront cost
to creating a web page, a blog, or a website, and many free
services are accessible. Publishing and maintaining large,
professional web sites with appealing, diverse, and up-to-date
material, on the other hand, remains a challenging and costly
endeavour. Many individuals, as well as certain businesses and
organisations, utilise web logs or blogs, which are essentially
online diaries that can be updated simply. Some businesses
encourage employees to offer advice in their areas of expertise in
the hopes that visitors would be pleased by the professional
knowledge and free information and will be drawn to the
company as a result. Advertising on major sites may be lucrative,
and e-commerce, or the direct sale of goods and services through
the Internet, is on the rise.
It's critical to remember that the Internet is a global network of
physical links, including copper telephone wires, television
cables, and fibre optic cables. Even wireless technologies such as
Wi-Fi and 3G/4G have physical cords to connect to the Internet.
Internet service providers (ISPs) provide global connection
between separate networks at varying scales. The bottom of the
routing hierarchy is made up of end-users who solely utilise the
Internet to execute a function or receive information. Tier 1
networks, which are huge telecommunication firms that
 exchange traffic directly with one other over very high-speed
fibre optic cables and are governed by peering agreements, are at
the top of the routing hierarchy. Tier 2 and lower-level networks
purchase Internet transit from other providers in order to connect
to at least some parties on the global Internet, however they may
also peer. For connectivity, an ISP can employ a single upstream
provider or use multihoming to achieve redundancy and load
balancing. Major traffic exchange hubs having physical
connections to several ISPs are known as Internet exchange
points. Academics, major corporations, and governments, for
example, may fulfil the same functions as ISPs by connecting
and buying transit on behalf of their internal networks. Massive
subnetworks such as GEANT, GLORIAD, Internet2, and
JANET, the UK's national research and education network, tend
to connect research networks.

ii) The design of a network is referred to as the architecture.

Networks can be categorized by their scope and the design of
their communication methods. Networks can have wired or
wireless connections, or both. There are three main category that
categorize internet. A PAN is the simplest and most basic sort of
network, consisting of a wireless modem, one or more
computers, phones, printers, tablets, and other devices that circle
around one person in one building. These networks are
commonly found in tiny workplaces or homes, and they are
controlled by a single person or organisation using a single
device. LANs are one of the most commonly discussed networks,
as well as one of the most prevalent, unique, and basic forms of
networks. LANs allow groups of computers and low-voltage
devices to share information and resources over small distances
(inside a building or between two or three buildings in close
proximity to each other). LANs are often managed and
 maintained by businesses. LANs may link to wide area networks
(WANs, as detailed below) quickly and securely via routers. A
Wide Area Network (WAN) connects two or more LANs, often
over long distance. A WAN often connects different groups in
different countries.

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SECTION : SECTION B
QUESTION NO: 2

i) A storage media in a computer is a physical device that accepts and

stores electronic data for programmes and users, as well as making
the data retrievable. The storage media might be located within a
computer or other device, or it could be connected to a system
outside, either directly or via a network. Storage media is the plural
version of this phrase. Computer storage media receive messages in
the form of data from a host system via software commands. The
kind of medium required to store the data is determined by the
commercial value of the data, any compliance rules, performance and
availability requirements, and other variables.
A hard disk, also called a hard disk drive (HDD) contains one or
more inflexible, circular platters that use magnetic particles to store
data, instructions, and information. An HDD is a high-capacity
storage device that may replace magnetic storage medium like tape or
floppy discs. It has metal platters with a magnetic coating on them.
When a computer is turned on, the platters normally spin constantly,
recording data in distinct sectors on the magnetic disc. Hard discs are
still the most used storage medium for backup storage appliances,
active archives, and long-term storage. Interfaces for replicating data
copies, such as clones and snapshots, to tertiary devices or a hybrid
cloud, may be included in a disk-based backup system. The
dependency on moving internal systems such as actuator, motors, and
spindles, which might malfunction and contaminate the disc, is a
disadvantage of HDDs. However, due to their rising capacity and
ability to rewrite data on the disc, HDDs remain popular in business
drive arrays. Western Digital Corp. released a 14 TB hard drive in
2017, making it the biggest on the market at the time. In 2019,
Seagate Technology released a 16 TB hard drive. Western Digital has
responded with a 20 TB hard drive. As an alternative to standard
magnetic recording, certain HDDs employ shingled magnetic
recording (SMR). By letting data to be written in partially
overlapping tracks on the disc, the SMR technique provides for
increased areal density. SMR drives perform best with data that is
constantly written, such as disk-based archiving and backup, but they
can degrade performance for other applications. SMR-based discs are
made by companies including Seagate, Western Digital, and Toshiba.
However, in 2020, the three companies were accused of selling
HDDs without stating that they utilised SMR technology.
Moving mechanical parts are not required for flash memory. Data is
instead written to microchips, which allows for significantly quicker
storage than standard drives. Data, on the other hand, must be wiped
and rebuilt in blocks, which might reduce a device's overall
endurance. NAND and NOR are the two primary kinds of flash
SSDs. The names are determined by the fundamental design of digital
circuits, which is determined by their distinct logic gates. Consumer
flash storage memory devices and business flash storage memory
devices are segregated, with occasional overlap. Enterprise NAND
flash chips have been enhanced to accommodate more write cycles
than consumer-grade storage. Memory cards are used in smartphones,
tablets, and other consumer electronics and come in a variety of
capacities and prices.
Organizations are increasingly using flash-based SSDs for network-
based storage (NAS and SAN) as well as immediate storage (DAS),
which may be mounted to a computer externally or incorporated
directly within the system. Direct-attached SSDs are occasionally
used in instead of or in addition to networked storage systems.
Internal SSDs are available in a variety of configurations, including
add-in cards that use a PCIe serial port; disk-on-module (DOM) flash
boot drives that mount to a computer's motherboard; flash-based dual
inline memory modules (DIMMs) that sit in DRAM slots on the
motherboard to provide a performance cache; and miniSATA
(mSATA) drives and their eventual replacement, 2 SSDs, which are
used in thin laptops (3D XPoint technology). SSDs were originally
designed to work with the Serial-Attached SCSI (SAS) and Serial-
Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) protocols, but many
 SSDs now utilise the non-volatile memory express (NVMe) interface,
which takes use of SSD features better.
A USB flash drive is a detachable storage device that connects to a
computer or other device through a USB connection. A USB flash
drive is rarely connected to a device indefinitely, making it less
vulnerable to Trojan horses, viruses, and worms. The storage media is
the internal flash chip, and the phrase USB flash drive refers to the
complete device, including the USB port. USB flash drives come in a
variety of sizes, but most are approximately the size of a thumb and
have a design similar to SSDs but on a smaller scale. USB flash
drives connect to devices by sliding into compatible USB ports,
allowing data to be transferred or copied fast. Memory sticks,
keychain drives, thumb drives, and jump drives are all terms used to
describe the devices.
ii) In my opinion, I would choose SSD (solid state drive). An
SSD (solid state drive) is a flash memory storage device that
contains its own processor to manage its storage. The benefit
of SSD than other storage medium is many. SSDs are up to a
hundred times quicker than traditional hard disc drives. SSDs
provide your computer a faster start-up time, faster data
transmission, and greater bandwidth. SSDs with faster speeds
can process data at the ultra-high rates required in today's
corporate environment, particularly when running programmed
that access massive volumes of data, such as an operating
system. SSDs are also extremely stable, ensuring the security
of data stored on them. Besides, heat is a key cause of hard
drive failure, because the continuous motion of an HDD's
moving elements generates enough heat to cause it to fail over
time. Because an SSD lacks such components, it may operate
at a lower temperature while delivering significantly faster
performance. An SSD is also more resistant to spills, rattles,
shocks, and general wear and tear, making it less likely to lose
 data. Next, An SSD requires less electricity to run than an
HDD with a magnetic spinning disc since it has no moving
components. When it comes to PC and mobile devices, where
battery life is a highly marketable and demanded feature,
energy economy is a key benefit of employing an SSD. Lastly,
SSDs, with their smaller size and magnetic heads and metallic
discs, weigh less than bigger HDDs. SSDs are ideal for
laptops, tablets, and other tiny electronic devices because to
their small size. SSDs are also infinitely quieter than HDDs,
which may be quite annoying due to their noise and vibrations.

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SECTION : SECTION B
QUESTION NO: 3

Computers are becoming increasingly important in practically every

profession, making our daily work more doable. Previously, computers
were solely employed to execute difficult numerical computations, but they
have progressed too far and now serve a variety of functions. They currently
execute a wide range of tasks, including complex computations, business
report production, bill generation, teaching, programming or development,
and entertainment, among others. Computers are employed in different
industries, such as households, enterprises, government offices, research
organisations, educational institutions, medical, entertainment, and so on,
due to their features and strong functions.
i. Home
Computers are used in homes for a variety of functions, including
online bill payment, watching movies or shows at home, home
tutoring, access to social media, playing games, and access to the
 internet. They use e-mail as a means of communication. They assist
corporate employees in obtaining work-from-home opportunities.
Computers enable students to access online instructional resources.
ii. Health and Medical
In hospitals, computers are used to keep track of patients' medical
histories, diagnoses, X-rays, and live patient monitoring, among other
things. Robotic surgical instruments are currently used by surgeons to
undertake delicate procedures and to conduct surgeries remotely.
Virtual reality technology may also be utilised for training. It also
assists in the monitoring of the foetus within the mother's womb.
iii. Entertainment Industry
Computers allow users to view movies online, play games online, and
function as a virtual entertainment while you play games, listen to
music, and so on. People in the entertainment sector can use MIDI
devices to record music using artificial instruments. Full-screen
televisions may be fed videos from PCs. There are a variety of photo
editors accessible, each with its own set of functions.
iv. Industry
Computers are utilised in a variety of businesses to execute activities
such as inventory management, design, virtual sample product
creation, interior design, video conferencing, and so on. The potential
of online marketing to offer various items to inaccessible locations
such as the interior or rural areas has witnessed a significant
improvement. Through the use of computers, stock markets have
witnessed amazing engagement from a wide range of individuals.
v. Education
In the realm of education, computers are widely employed. They let
consumers to access a variety of instructional materials (such as
photos, videos, and e-books) in one location. The Internet provides
access to all of this information. Additionally, computers are ideal for
online lectures, tutoring, exams, and the creation of assignments and
projects. Aside from that, they may be used to track and preserve
 student performance and other data.
vi. Government
Computers are useful in the government sector. They are becoming
accustomed to fulfilling multiple duties in many departments while
also boosting the quality, efficiency, and productivity of their services.
City planning, traffic regulation, law enforcement, infrastructure
development, and tourism are examples of such services. The key
goals of employing computers are to execute data processing
activities, maintain citizen databases, and promote a paperless
environment in most circumstances. Aside from that, computers are an
important aspect of the country's military system. They assist with
missile development, rocket launches, and satellite launches, among
other things.
vii. Banking
Banking has evolved tremendously in recent years. Customers may
access their data immediately using computers and the Internet in
most nations' online banking systems. People may check their
account balances, make money transfers, and pay bills, including
credit cards, online. Furthermore, banks employ computers to process
transactions and store client information, transaction records, and
other information. Using computers, banks have significantly
decreased the number of human mistakes, staff, and expenditures.
The finest example of computers that assist consumers in
withdrawing and depositing money is ATMs.
viii. Science
Scientists as well as others who rely on computers as their major
means of communication. Computers are most adapted for
gathering, analysing, classifying, and storing data in science,
research, and engineering. They also make it easier for scientists to
share data both inside and globally. With cloud assistance,
computers allow scientists from multiple places (such as different
nations) to collaborate on the same research. Computers also play an
 important part in the launch, maintenance, and control of spacecraft,
as well as the operation of many other technology.
ix. Arts
Art, photography, dancing, and culture have all included computers.
Advanced computers allow users to sketch their ideas right on the
screen. People can also scan their images using computers. People
may edit and enhance their images using a variety of photo editing
applications. Aside from that, with the assistance of animations, the
dance's moves and steps may be exhibited live.
x. Communication
Computers have evolved into one of the most important means of
communication. To make communication simpler, many computers
include a built-in camera and microphone. People may communicate
with others over the Internet using apps such as Skype and Hangout.
People can connect with audio and video using the videoconferencing
tool. Computers enable families to communicate with distant
relatives, businesses to schedule meetings, and businesses to conduct
interviews between two places that are too far apart.

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