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Unit Commitment: 6/16/2023 Eee Dept, Saintgits

Unit commitment is the process of determining the optimal start up and shut down schedule of power generating units to meet forecasted demand over a period while minimizing total production costs. It involves solving a complex optimization problem subject to constraints like minimum up/down times, spinning reserves, crew availability, fuel supply, and different operational characteristics of thermal, hydro, nuclear and other unit types. Common solution methods include deterministic techniques like linear programming as well as meta-heuristic approaches such as genetic algorithms.

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13 views

Unit Commitment: 6/16/2023 Eee Dept, Saintgits

Unit commitment is the process of determining the optimal start up and shut down schedule of power generating units to meet forecasted demand over a period while minimizing total production costs. It involves solving a complex optimization problem subject to constraints like minimum up/down times, spinning reserves, crew availability, fuel supply, and different operational characteristics of thermal, hydro, nuclear and other unit types. Common solution methods include deterministic techniques like linear programming as well as meta-heuristic approaches such as genetic algorithms.

Uploaded by

Chris Andrew John
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit Commitment

MODULE V

6/16/2023 EEE DEPT, SAINTGITS 1


Unit Commitment
•Not economical to run all the units all the time
•UC problem determines the units of a plant that should
operate for a particular load.
•Priority ordering- most efficient unit is loaded first to be
followed by the less efficient units in order, as the load
increases.
•Objective – minimise the total production cost over the
scheduling horizon, to meet system demand and reserve
requirements .

6/16/2023 EEE DEPT, SAINTGITS 2


•It involves determining the start-up & shut-down schedules
of generating units to be used to meet forecasted demand
over a short period.
•It is a complex mathematical optimization problem having
both integer and continuous variables.

6/16/2023 EEE DEPT, SAINTGITS 3


Constraints in Unit Commitment
•Total production cost consists of fuel cost, start-up cost &
shut-down cost
•Fuel cost is calculated by using heat rate and fuel price
information
•Taking into account large no:of practical constraints- system
type, device/operational type, environmental type
1. Spinning Reserve – some system capacity has to be kept
as spinning reserve to meet an unexpected increase in
demand and to ensure power supply in the event of any
generating unit suffering a forced outage.

6/16/2023 EEE DEPT, SAINTGITS 4


2. Minimum up time – When a thermal generating unit is
operating, it can’t be turned off immediately.
3. Minimum down time- when a thermal generating unit is
not operating, it can’t be turned on immediately.
4. Crew constraints – a plant always have 2 or more
generating units & it mayn’t be possible to turn on more
than one generating unit at the same time due to non-
availability of operating personnel.

6/16/2023 EEE DEPT, SAINTGITS 5


5. Transition cost- restoring a unit to the system involves
extra expenditure.
• During shut down of a unit it is expedient to keep the
turbine shaft rotating at slow speed to prevent unequal
temperature distribution in turbine casing.
•This also involves energy consumption. All these costs are
termed as transition cost

6/16/2023 EEE DEPT, SAINTGITS 6


6. Hydro constraints- Most systems have some
hydroelectric units in addition to thermal generating
units.
•The operation of these units depends on the availability of
water.
•Hydro projects are multipurpose – irrigation requirements
also determine the operation of hydro plants.

6/16/2023 EEE DEPT, SAINTGITS 7


7. Nuclear constraints- If a nuclear plant is a part of the
system, another constraint is added- a nuclear plant has to
be operated as a base load plant only.

8. Must run units – One or two units may be a must run


units.
It may be necessary to run them from consideration of
voltage support & system stability

6/16/2023 EEE DEPT, SAINTGITS 8


9. Fuel supply constraint – some plants may not be
operated due to deficient fuel supply .
•Some plants may require some special fuels which may not
be available.
10. Auxiliary power consumption- Addition of a unit
results in increased auxiliary power consumption.
•This is especially true for thermal generating units.
• This aspect generally results in extending the load at which
it becomes economical to add a new unit to the system.

6/16/2023 EEE DEPT, SAINTGITS 9


Methods available for Unit
Commitment
Major available methods are grouped as
1) Deterministic technique – includes dynamic & linear
programming, priority list etc
2) Meta-heuristic technique - include expert system, fuzzy
logic, Artificial neural networks, genetic algorithm
3) Hydrothermal coordination

6/16/2023 EEE DEPT, SAINTGITS 10

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