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Quarter 2 Lesson 2 Eapp

This document discusses the importance of supporting claims with factual evidence when taking a stance on an issue. It states that a claim without evidence is just an opinion. To defend a position, one must provide adequate evidence like quotations, examples, or statistics from credible sources. Common propaganda techniques used to trick people without evidence are identified, such as name-calling, glittering generalities, transferring authority to an idea, using "plain folks" appeals, stacking information to mislead, bandwagon appeals, and citing testimonials without facts. Recognizing these techniques can help detect propaganda.

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VICENCIO, SHANELE B.
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86 views23 pages

Quarter 2 Lesson 2 Eapp

This document discusses the importance of supporting claims with factual evidence when taking a stance on an issue. It states that a claim without evidence is just an opinion. To defend a position, one must provide adequate evidence like quotations, examples, or statistics from credible sources. Common propaganda techniques used to trick people without evidence are identified, such as name-calling, glittering generalities, transferring authority to an idea, using "plain folks" appeals, stacking information to mislead, bandwagon appeals, and citing testimonials without facts. Recognizing these techniques can help detect propaganda.

Uploaded by

VICENCIO, SHANELE B.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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QUARTER 2- LESSON 2

STAND ON ISSUES SUPPORTED


BY FACTUAL EVIDENCES
•A CLAIM WITHOUT
EVIDENCE IS MERELY AN
OPINION
•IN ORDER TO DEFEND A STAND ON A
PARTICULAR ISSUE OR TOPIC, YOUR
CLAIM MUST BE EMBEDDED WITH
ADEQUATE EVIDENCES
FACTS NOT SUPPORTED WITH EVIDENCE FACTS SUPPORTED WITH EVIDENCE

MANY STUDENTS SEEK ASSISTANCE WITH WONDERLAND UNIVERSITY (2016,P.36)


THEIR WRITING SKILLS AT UNIVERSITY REPORTS THAT DURING ACADEMIC YEAR,
LECTURERS RECOMMENDED THAT 396 AND
267 EXTERNAL STUDENTS SHOULD SEEK
ASSISTANCE WITH THEIR WRITING.

WRITING ACADEMIC PARAGRAPHS IS THE THE AUSTRALIAN ASSOCIATION OF ESSAY


MOST IMPORTANT SKILL IN ACADEMIC WRITING (2012,P.129) CLAIMS THAT THEIR
WRITING RESEARCH IN FIVE UNIVERSITIES SHOWS
THAT STUDENTS ARE REQUIRED TO WRITE
ACADEMIC PARAGRAPHS IN 90% OF THEIR
ASSESSMENT TASKS.
MOST COMMON TECHNIQUES TO SUPPORT CLAIMS
IN WRITING:

1. QUOTATIONS( DIRECT QOUTES, PARAPHRASES,


SUMMARIES)
2. EXAMPLES( ILLUSTRATIONS OF POINTS)
3. STATISTICS( FACTS, FIGURES, DIAGRAMS)
•IN DEFENDING YOUR POSITION, IT IS
NECESSARY TO AVOID THE DIFFERENT
PROPAGANDA TECHNIQUES THAT MOSTLY
USED BY PEOPLE AS A TRICK.
HOW TO DETECT PROPAGANDA
• WE ARE OPEN FOOLED BY PROPAGANDA BECAUSE
WE DON’T RECOGNIZE IR WHEN WE SEE IT.
• THERE ARE 7 COMMON PROPAGANDA
TECHNIQUES
1. NAME CALLING
• IT IS A DEVICE USED TO MAKE US FORM A JUDGEMENT WITHOUT
EXAMINING EVIDENCE UPON WHICH IT SHOULD BE BASED.
• HE DOES THIS BY GIVING “ BAD NAMES” TO THOSE INDIVIDUALS,
GROUPS, BELIEFS, RACES, POLICIES.
• USE OF BAD NAMES WITHOUT PRESENTATION OF THEIR ESSENTIAL
MEANING, WITHOUT ALL THEIR PERTINENT IMPLICATIONS, COMPRISES
PERHAPS THE MOST COMMON PROPAGANDA DEVICES.
EXAMPLES
•TROUBLE-MAKER,
COMMUNIST,DICTATOR, RED,
ALIEN
GLITTERING GENERALITIES
• THE PROPAGANDIST IDENTIFIES HIS PROGRAM BY USE OF “ VIRTUE
WORDS”.
• HE APPEALS TO EMOTIONS OF LOVE, AND GENEROSITY.
• HE USES WORDS SUCH AS TRUTH, FREEDOM, HONOR AND LIBERTY
• LIKE IN NAME-CALLING, WORDS ARE USED TO STIR UP EMOTIONS
AND BEFOG OUR THINKING.
2. GLITTERING GENERALITIES
• FROM CONSIDERATION OF NAMES, “ BAD’ AND “ GOOD’, WE PASS
TO INSTITUTIONS AND SYMBOLS, ALSO “ BAD” AND “GOOD”.
EXAMPLES

• "NATURAL", "DEMOCRATIC", "ORGANIC", "SCIENTIFIC“


3. TRANSFER
• THIS DEVICE IS USED BY PROPAGANDISTS TO CARRY
AUTHORITY, SANCTION, AND PRESTIGE OVER SOMETHING WE
RESPECT AND REVERE TO SOMETHING HE WOULD HAVE US
ACCEPT.
• IN TRANSFER DEVICE, SYMBOLS ARE CONSTANTLY USED. THE
CROSS REPRESENTS THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. THE FLAG
REPRESENTS THE NATION.
EXAMPLES

• AMERICAN FLAG, UNIVERSITY SEAL,


MEDICAL ASSOCIATION SYMBOL (OR
SOMETHING THAT LOOKS LIKE IT).
EXAMPLES
4. PLAIN FOLKS

• DEVICE USED BY POLITICIANS, LABOR LEADERS AND


BUSINESS MEN EVEN BY MINISTERS TO WIN OUR
CONFIDENCE BY APPEARING TO BE PEOPLE JUST
LIKE OURSELVES– “ JUST PLAIN FOLKS AMONG THE
NEIGHBORS”.
EXAMPLES
5. CARD-STACKING
• THE PROPAGANDIST EMPLOYS ALL THE ARTS OF DECEPTION TO WIN
SUPPORT FOR HIMSELF, HIS GROUP, OR HIS NATION.
• HE USES UNDER-EMPHASIS OR OVER-EMPHASIS TO DODGE ISSUES AND
EVADE FACTS.
• HE OFFERS FALSE TESTIMONIES OR CREATES A SMOKE-SCREEN OF THE
CLAMOR TO RAISE A NEW ISSUE WHEN HE WANTS AN EMBARRASSING
MATTER FORGOTTEN.
EXAMPLE
• A POLITICIAN WILL SHOW UP AT AN EVENT WITH
MEDIA COVERAGE TO GAIN PUBLICITY
• POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS ONLY HIGHLIGHT THE
POSITIVE GAINS OF THE POLITICIAN AND WILL NOT
SHOW THE NEGATIVES
6. THE BANDWAGON

• MAKE US FOLLOW THE CROWD


• PROGRAM EN MASSE
• “ EVERYBODYS’ DOING IT”
EXAMPLE
7. TESTIMONIAL
• A DEVICE THAT MAKES US ACCEPT ANYTHING FROM A
PATENT MEDICINE OR A CIGARETTE TO THE PROGRAM OF
NATIONAL POLICY.
• WHEN SOME RESPECTED CELEBRITY (OR
ALTERNATIVELY SOMEONE GENERALLY HATED) CLAIMS
THAT AN IDEA OR PRODUCT IS GOOD (OR BAD). THIS
TECHNIQUE IS USED TO CONVINCE US WITHOUT
EXAMINING THE FACTS MORE CAREFULLY.
EXAMPLE

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