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Surface Roughness Test

This document presents the results, discussion, and conclusion from an experimental study analyzing the quality of a batch of screws. Control charts showing the x-bar and R-values over 24 samples indicate that all data points remain within the upper and lower control limits, demonstrating the production process is statistically in control. While natural variation causes some sample x-bar values to differ from the mean, variation is well-balanced in the R-chart. The control charts allow easy quality assessment and identification of potential issues like equipment malfunctions. The conclusion is that control charts enable timely quality monitoring and process improvement.

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isya
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19 views

Surface Roughness Test

This document presents the results, discussion, and conclusion from an experimental study analyzing the quality of a batch of screws. Control charts showing the x-bar and R-values over 24 samples indicate that all data points remain within the upper and lower control limits, demonstrating the production process is statistically in control. While natural variation causes some sample x-bar values to differ from the mean, variation is well-balanced in the R-chart. The control charts allow easy quality assessment and identification of potential issues like equipment malfunctions. The conclusion is that control charts enable timely quality monitoring and process improvement.

Uploaded by

isya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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6.

Result, Discussion and Conclusion


6.1 Result
6.1.1. Table 1

No. of sample x1 x2 x3 x4 x bar R


1 27.84 28.00 28.00 27.80 27.91 0.20
2 27.76 27.76 27.80 27.88 27.80 0.12
3 27.78 27.78 27.86 27.88 27.83 0.10
4 28.00 27.90 27.86 27.78 27.89 0.22
5 27.86 27.80 27.80 27.72 27.80 0.14
6 28.00 27.82 27.92 27.90 27.91 0.18
7 27.80 27.90 27.82 28.00 27.88 0.20
8 27.92 27.86 27.94 27.86 27.90 0.08
9 27.84 27.86 27.86 27.90 27.87 0.06
10 27.80 27.86 27.84 28.00 27.88 0.20
11 27.94 27.90 27.94 27.92 27.93 0.04
12 27.82 27.88 27.86 27.82 27.85 0.06
13 27.96 27.90 27.84 27.90 27.90 0.12
14 27.86 28.00 27.80 27.86 27.88 0.20
15 27.88 27.80 27.82 27.90 27.85 0.10
16 27.84 27.82 27.80 27.78 27.81 0.06
17 27.86 27.90 27.84 27.80 27.85 0.10
18 27.80 27.80 27.92 27.96 27.87 0.16
19 27.86 27.94 28.00 27.94 27.94 0.14
20 27.88 27.88 27.84 28.00 27.90 0.16
21 27.92 27.76 28.00 27.92 27.90 0.24
22 28.00 27.82 27.90 28.00 27.93 0.18
23 27.92 27.92 28.00 27.90 27.94 0.10
24 27.88 27.86 27.80 27.92 27.87 0.12

6.1.2 Table 2

UCL xbar LCL xbar UCL R LCL R


27.9761 27.7768 0.31187 0

6.1.3 Table 3

Sample size,n Mean factor,A2 Upper Range,D4 Lower range,D3


4 0.729 2.282 0
6.1.3 Graph

x bar-chart vs No. of Sample


28.00

27.95

27.90
x bar

27.85

27.80

27.75
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
No. of sample

UCL xbar LCL xbar CL xbar xbar

Figure 3: Graph of x-bar chart

R-chart vs No. of Sample


0.35

0.30

0.25

0.20
R

0.15

0.10

0.05

0.00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
No. of sample

R UCL R LCL R CL R

Figure 4: Graph of R-chart


6.2 Discussion

In this experimental study, the quality of a batch of screws was inspected and
evaluated. All the data taken was plotted in the "Mean and Range" control chart. The control
limit was calculated using the equation referring to the "Factors for Computing Control Chart
Limits" table.
There are two types of graphs plotted, an x-bar chart and an R-chart. From both
graphs, it shows that there are no data that exceed the upper control limit (UCL) and the
lower control limit (LCL). This graph pattern proves that all the samples produced are in
control or within statistically in control.
Although the data are within the limit, there are a few samples with a significant
difference in the x-bar value with its mean value (center line). This indicates that the natural
variation was affecting the sample during production.
While in the R-chart, the variation is more balanced within its mean and limit controls.
This shows that the difference between the maximum and the minimum value of x within all
the samples is almost the same.
By using the chart, the quality of a particular sample can be easily determined by
determining if the data is over the control limit (out of control) or within the control limit (in
control). If the data was "out of control, " it must be because of some error or mistake during
manufacturing or it can be called an assignable variation. For example, the bit of the cutting
machine was broken, or the angle of the bit slightly changed over time during the
manufacturing process.
This experiment shows that the quality of the sample is moderately accepted, and all
the samples can be used. Still, it is an excellent option to study the causes of the variation and
minimize the natural variation that happens by improving the manufacturing production
system and ensuring the data is balanced near the mean value.
6.3 Conclusion
In conclusion, it is proven that the manufacturer can quickly determine the quality of
their production over time by using the control chart. With the error data obtained, the
manufacturer can decide if the quality of their production is in control within the control limit,
in control but beyond the control limit or out of control. Thus, proceed to find the causes and
minimize the error.

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