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Exp6 1-1

This document describes an electrical engineering activity on series RC circuits. The activity aims to help students measure and calculate voltage and current in series RC circuits, evaluate results by comparing measured and calculated values, and determine circuit characteristics by using calculated and measured values. Students will conduct experiments on series RC circuits containing one and two capacitors, measuring voltage drops, current, impedance, and phase angle and comparing their results to calculations.

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Seth Garcia
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39 views

Exp6 1-1

This document describes an electrical engineering activity on series RC circuits. The activity aims to help students measure and calculate voltage and current in series RC circuits, evaluate results by comparing measured and calculated values, and determine circuit characteristics by using calculated and measured values. Students will conduct experiments on series RC circuits containing one and two capacitors, measuring voltage drops, current, impedance, and phase angle and comparing their results to calculations.

Uploaded by

Seth Garcia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Activity 6.1: SERIES RC CIRCUITS

6A.1 Program Outcomes (POs) Addressed by the Activity

b. ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data
d. ability to function on multidisciplinary teams
e. ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems
g. ability to communicate effectively

6A.2 Activity’s Intended Learning Outcomes (AILOs)


At the end of this activity, the student shall be able to:
a. measure properly the voltage and current in a series RC circuit.
b. calculatethe voltage and current in a series RC circuit.
c. evaluate results by comparing measured and calculated values.

6A.3 Objectives of the Activity


The objectives of this activityare to:
1. determine the characteristics of series RC circuits by using calculated and measure
values.
2. verify the results with an oscilloscope.
6A.4 Principle of the Activity

When the capacitors are in series, the total capacitive reactance (XCT) is the sum of the individual
reactances. XCT = XC1 + XC2 + XC3 + …

Capacitive reactance increases as the number of capacitors in series increases, resulting in


lower circuit current and higher circuit impedance. Also, as the capacitive reactance increases,
the phase angle between the applied voltage and circuit current increases.

The same amount of current flows through each component in a series RC circuit. Figure
5.1-1 shows a series RC circuit. To determine circuit impedance (Z), calculate total resistance
and total capacitive reactance, and combine them with the square-root-of-the-sum-of-the-squares
method.

RT = R1 + R2 + R3 XCT = XC1 + XC2 Z= √𝑅𝑇 2 + 𝑋𝐶𝑇 2

ACTIVITY 6: IMPEDANCE OF RC CIRCUITS


RT = (500 + 750 + 1500)Ω XCT = (1+2)k Ω Z= √2,7502 + 30002

RT = 2.75 kΩ XCT = 3 kΩ Z = 4.07kΩ

Figure 5.1-1

The applied voltage (Vac), Z, and Ohm’s law are then used to calculate circuit current.

I= Vac/ Z

I= 8/ 4070

I= 0.00197 Apk-pk

You calculate the voltage drop across individual components from the circuit current (I), the
resistance or capacitive reactance of the individual component under the test, and Ohm’s law.
For example, the voltage drop across C1 (Vc1) is found as follows.

Vc1 = (I) (XC1)

Vc1 = (0.00197) (1000)

Vc1 = 1.97 Vpk-pk

As with RL circuits, the square root of the sum of the squares of the individual voltage drop in
series RC circuit equals the applied voltage. For the circuit in Figure 5.1-1, you can determine
Vac with the following equation.

𝑉𝑎𝑐 = √(𝑉𝑅𝑇 2 + 𝑉𝑋𝐶𝑇 2 )

ACTIVITY 6: IMPEDANCE OF RC CIRCUITS


Figure 5.1-2 shows this relationship in a phasor diagram. Due to the capacitive reactance,
the resultant phasor (Vac) is located in the fourth quadrant of the x-y coordinate system.

6A.5 Materials/Equipment

1 – F.A.C.E.T. Base Unit


1 – AC1 FUNDAMENTALS Circuit Board
2 – 15 Vdc Power Supply
1 – Oscilloscope, dual trace
1 – Generator, sine wave
1 – Multimeter

6A.6 Circuit Diagrams / Figures / Source Codes (if Applicable)

Figure 5.1. Title

6A.7 Procedure/s

1. Turn off the power sources. Insert the AC FUNDAMENTALS circuit board into the
base unit. Install the GENERATOR BUFFER if required. Turn on the power sources.
2. Locate the CAPACITIVE/ CAPACITIVE REACTANCE circuit block, and connect
the circuit shown in Figure 5.1-3. Adjust VGEN for a 10 VPK-PK’ 1 kHz sine wave.
3. Measure and record the voltage drop across R1 and C3. Use the ADD-INVERT method
to measure VR1. Can you find the resultant of these two voltages (V GEN) by adding them
together?
VR1=_____V, VC3 =_____V,VGEN = _____V

4. Determine the square root of the sum of the squares of V R1 and VC3. Does the resultant
equal the magnitude of the 10 Vpk-pk applied voltage

𝑉𝐺𝐸𝑁 = √(𝑉𝑅1 2 + 𝑉𝐶3 2 ) ?


VGEN = __________________ V

ACTIVITY 6: IMPEDANCE OF RC CIRCUITS


5. Measure the circuit current (I) by using the current sensing resistor R2. Record your
result in Table 5.1-1.
SERIES RC CIRCUIT SERIES RC CIRCUIT
WITH SINGLE WITH TWO
CAPACITOR (C3) CAPAITORS (C1 & C2)
I
Z
θ

Table 5.1-1.
6. Determine the value of Z from I (measured in step5) and VGEN. Record your result in
Table 5.1-1.

7. Measure the phase angle (θ) between the circuit current (represented by the voltage
across R2) and the applied generator voltage. Use the applied voltage (V GEN) as a
reference. Record your results in Table 5.1-1.

8. Connect the circuit shown in Figure 5.1-4 (essentially add a capacitor in series with
original circuit). Adjust VGEN for a 10 Vpk-pk , 1kHz sine wave.
9. Calculate and record below (not in Table 5.1-1) XCT’ RT’ and Z [XC1 = XC2 = 1/ (2𝜋fC),

XCT = XC1 + XC2 , RT = R1 , Z = √𝑅𝑇 2 + 𝑋𝐶𝑇 2 ]


XCT = ________Ω, RT = ________Ω, Z= ________Ω
10. Calculate and record circuit current (I = VGEN/ Z). I = ________A
11. Measure the circuit current. Record your result in Table 3.1-1. Did the added series
capacitor increase or decrease the circuit current? I = _______ A,______
12. Determine the Z [Z (measured) = VGEN / I (measured)]. Record your result in Table
3.1-1. Did the added series capacitor increase or decrease the circuit impedance?
Z = ________ Ω , _______

13. Measure the phase angle (θ) between VGEN and the circuit current, and record your
result in Table 5.1-1. Did the added series capacitor increase or decrease the phase angle
between the applied voltage (VGEN) and circuit current?
Phase angle = ________ degrees , _______

14. Do not turn off the power sources. The F.A.C.E.T. setup will be used for a review
question.

ACTIVITY 6: IMPEDANCE OF RC CIRCUITS


6A.8 Activity Report

Section: Date Performed:


Course Code: Date Submitted:
Course Title:
Instructor:
Group No.: Activity No.:

Group Members: Signature:


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6A.8.1 Data and Results

6A.8.2 Calculations

ACTIVITY 6: IMPEDANCE OF RC CIRCUITS


6A.8.3 Observations (if applicable)

6A.8.4 Conclusion/s

ACTIVITY 6: IMPEDANCE OF RC CIRCUITS


6A.8.5 Rating(See Attached Rubric)

ACTIVITY 6: IMPEDANCE OF RC CIRCUITS

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