CLASS: XII SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY (043)

NCERT QUESTION BANK

Chapter: SOLUTIONS

Source 1 (KV e - Content)

I. Long Answer Type Questions (5 Marks)
1. (a) Define the following terms :
(i) Mole fraction (ii) Van’t Hoff factor
(b) 100 mg of a protein is dissolved in enough water to make 10.0
mL of a solution. If this solution has an osmotic pressure of 13.3 mm
Hg at 25°C, what is the molar mass of protein?(R = 0.0821 L atm
mol-1 K-1 and 760 mm Hg = 1 atm)
2. (a) What is meant by :
(i) Colligative properties (ii) Molality of a solution
(b) What concentration of nitrogen should be present in a glass of
water at room temperature? Assume a temperature of 25°C, a total
pressure of 1 atmosphere and mole fraction of nitrogen in air of 0.78.
[KH for nitrogen = 8.42 × 10-7 M/mm Hg]
3. (a) Differentiate between molarity and molality for a
solution. How does a change in temperature influence
their values?
(b) Calculate the freezing point of an acqueous solution
containing 10.50 g of MgBr2 in 200 g of water. (Molar mass of
MgBr2 = 184 g) (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1)
4. (a) Define the terms osmosis and osmotic pressure. Is the osmotic pressure of a
solution a colligative property? Explain.
(b) Calculate the boiling point of a solution prepared by adding
15.00 g of NaCl to 250.0 g of water.
(Kb for water = 0.512 K kg mol-1, Molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g)
5. (a) State the following :
(i) Henry’s law about partial pressure of a gas in a mixture.
(ii) Raoult’s law in its general form in reference to solutions.
(b) A solution prepared by dissolving 8.95 mg of a gene fragment in
35.0 mL of water has an osmotic pressure of 0.335 torr at 25°C.
Assuming the gene fragment is a non electrolyte, determine its molar
mass.
6. (a) Differentiate between molarity and molality in a solution. What is the
effect of temperature change on molarity and molality in a solution?
(b) What would be the molar mass of a compound if 6.21 g of it
dissolved in 24.0 g of chloroform form a solution that has a boiling point
of 68.04°C. The boiling point of pure chloroform is 61.7°C and the
boiling point elevation constant, Kb for chloroform is 3.63°C/m.
7. (a) Define the following terms :
(i) Mole fraction (ii) Ideal solution
(b) 15.0 g of an unknown molecular material is dissolved in 450 g of
water. The resulting solution freezes at – 0.34°C. What is the molar
mass of the material? (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1)
8. (a) Explain the following :
(i) Henry’s law about dissolution of a gas in a liquid
(ii) Boiling point elevation constant for a solvent
(b) A solution of glycerol (C3H8O3) in water was prepared by dissolving
some glycerol in 500 g of water. This solution has a boiling point of
100.42°C. What mass of glycerol was dissolved to make this solution?
(Kb for water = 0.512 K kg mol-1)
9. (a) State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile components. How does
Raoult’s law become a special case of Henry’s law?
(b) 1.00 g of a non-electrolyte solute dissolved in 50 g of benzene
lowered the freezing point of benzene by 0.40 K. Find the molar mass
of the solute. (Kf for benzene = 5.12 K kg mol-1)
10. (a) Define the following terms :
(i) Ideal solution (ii) Azeotrope (iii) Osmotic pressure
(b) A solution of glucose (C6H12O6) in water is labelled as 10% by
weight. What would be the molality of the solution?
(Molar mass of glucose = 180 g mol-1)
11. (a) The vapour pressures of benzene and toluene at 293 K are 75 mm Hg and
22 mm Hg respectively. 23.4 g of benzene and 64.4 g of toluene are mixed. If the
two form an ideal solution, calculate the mole fraction of benzene in the vapour
phase assuming that the vapour pressures are in equilibrium with the liquid mixture
at this temperature.
(b) What is meant by +ve and -ve deviations from Raoult’s law and
how is the sign of AH solution related to +ve and -ve deviations from
Raoult’s law?
12. (a) A 5% solution (by mass) of cane-sugar in water has freezing point of 271
K. Calculate the freezing point of 5% solution (by mass) of glucose in water if
the freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K.
[Molecular masses : Glucose C6H12O6 : 180 amu; Cane-sugar
C12H22C11 : 342 amu] State Henry’s law and mention two of its
important applications.
13. (a) Define the following terms :
(i) Molarity
(ii) Molal elevation constant (Kb)
(b) A solution containing 15 g urea (molar mass = 60 g mol -1) per litre
of solution in water has the same osmotic pressure (isotonic) as a
solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol-1) in water. Calculate the
mass of glucose present in one litre of its solution.
14. What type of deviation is shown by a mixture of ethanol and acetone? Give
reason.
(b) A solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol -1) in water is
labelled as 10% (by mass). What would be the molality and
molarity of the solution? (Density of solution = 1.2 g mL-1)
15. (a) What is van’t Hoff factor? What types of values can it have if in forming the
solution, the solute molecules undergo
(i) Dissociation? (ii) Association?
(b) How many mL of a 0.1 M HCl solution are required to react
completely with 1 g of a mixture of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 containing
equimolar amounts of both? (Molar mass : Na2CO3 = 106 g, NaHCO3 =
84 g)
16. (a) Define
(i) Mole fraction (ii) Raoult’s law
(b) Assuming complete dissociation, calculate the expected freezing
point of a solution prepared by dissolving 6.00 g of Glauber’s salt,
Na2SO4.10H2O in 0.100 kg of water. (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1,
Atomic masses : Na = 23, S = 32, O = 16, H = 1)
17. Calculate the freezing point of solution when 1.9 g of MgCl2 (M = 95 g mol-
1) was dissolved in 50 g of water, assuming MgCl2 undergoes complete

ionization.
(Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1)
(b) (i) Out of 1 M glucose and 2 M glucose, which one has a higher
boiling point and why?
(ii) What happens when the external pressure applied becomes more than
the osmotic pressure of solution?
18. (a) When 2.56 g of sulphur was dissolved in 100 g of CS2, the freezing point
lowered by 0.383 K. Calculate the formula of sulphur (Sx).
(Kf for CS2 = 3.83 K kg mol-1, Atomic mass of Sulphur = 32 g mol-1)
(b) Blood cells are isotonic with 0.9% sodium chloride solution.
What happens if we place blood cells in a solution containing
(i) 1.2% sodium chloride solution?
(iii) 0.4% sodium chloride solution?
19. (a) A 10% solution (by mass) of sucrose in water has a freezing point of
269.15 K. Calculate the freezing point of 10% glucose in water if the freezing
point of pure water is 273.15 K.
Given: (Molar mass of sucrose = 342 g mol-1) (Molar mass of glucose
= 180 g mol-1)
(b) Define the following terms:
(i) Molality (m)
(ii) Abnormal molar mass
20. (a) 30 g of urea (M = 60 g mol-1) is dissolved in 846 g of water. Calculate the
vapour pressure of water for this solution if vapour pressure of pure water at 298
K is 23.8 mm Hg.
(b) Write two differences between ideal solutions and non-ideal
solutions.
21. (a) Explain why on addition of 1 mol glucose to 1 litre water the boiling point of
water increases.
(b) Henry’s law constant for CO2 in water is 1.67 × 108 Pa at 298 K.
Calculate the number of moles of CO2 in 500 ml of soda water when
packed under 2.53 × 105 Pa at the same
temperature.
22. (a) Define the following terms :
(i) Ideal solution (ii) Osmotic pressure
(b) Calculate the boiling point elevation for a solution prepared
by adding 10 g CaCl2 to 200 g of water, assuming that CaCl2 is
completely dissociated.
(Kb) for water = 0.512 K kg mol-1; Molar mass of CaCl2 = 111 g mol-1)
II. Short Answer Type Questions (Type I: 2Marks)
1. Differentiate between molality and molarity of a solution.What is the effect
of change in temperature of a solution on its molality and molarity?
2. Non-idea solutions exhibit positive or negative daviations from Raoults law.
What are these deviations and why are they caused? Explain with one example each.
3.. Define the terms osmosis and osmotic pressure.what is the advantage of using
osmotic pressure as compared to other colligative properties for the determination of
moar masses of solutes in solution?
4. A 1.00 molal aqeous solution of trichloroacetic acid (CCl 3COOH) is heated to
its boiling point. The solution has the boiling point of 100.18 0C.Determine the van’t Hoff
factor for trichloroacetic acid.(Kb for water =0.512 KKgMol-1)
5. Define the following terms:
(i) Mole fraction
(ii) Isotonic solutions
(iii) Van’t Hoff factor
(iv) Idea solution
6. Explain why aquatic species are more comfortable in cold water rather than in
warm water.
7. State Raoult’s aw. How is it formulated for solutions of non-volatile solutes?
8. State Henry’s law and mention two of its important applications.
9. Why do gases nearly always tend to be less soluble in iquids as the
temperature is raised?
10. 18 g of glucose, C 6H12O6 ( Molar mass-180 gmol-1) is dissolved in 1 Kg of
water in asauce pan. At what temperature will this solution boil? ( K b for water = 0.52 K
kg mol-1,boiling point of pure water =373.15 K)
11. An aqueous solution of sodium chloride freezes below 273 K. Explain the
lowering in freezing points of water with the help of a suitable diagram.
12. Derive expression for Raoult’s law when the solute is non-volatie.
13. Calculate the molar mass of compound ( molar mass =256g mol -1) to be
dissolved in 75 g of benzene to lower its freezing point by 0.48 K ( Kf =5.12 K kg
mol-1)
14. Define an ideal solution and write one of its characteristics.
15. State Henry’s law. What is the effect of temperature on the solubility of a gas in
a liquid?

16.State Raoult’s law for the solution containing volatile components. What is the
similarity between Raoult’s law and Henry’s law?

17. How is the vapour pressure of a solvent affected when a non-volatile

solute is dissolved in it? What is meant by positive deviations from Raoult’s law?
Give an example. What is the sign of ∆mixH for positive deviation?
18. Differentiate between molarity and molality of a solution. How can we
change molality value of a solution into molarity value?
19. Define azeotropes. What type of azeotrope is formed by positive deviation
from Raoult’s law? Given an example.
20. (i) On mixing liquid X and liquid Y, volume of the resulting solution
decreases. What type of deviation from Raoult’s law is shown by the resulting
solution? What change in temperature would you observe after mixing liquids X and
Y?
(ii) What happens when we place the blood cell in water (hypotonic
solution)?Give reason.
21. Define osmotic pressure of a solution. How is the osmotic pressure related to
the concentration of a solute in a solution?
22. Define the following terms :
(i) Mole fraction (x)
(ii) Molality of a solution (m)
23. (i) Gas (A) is more soluble in water than Gas (B) at the same temperature.
Which one of the two gases will have the higher value of K H (Henry’s
constant) and why?
(ii) In non-ideal solution,what type of deviation shows the
formations of maximum boiling azeotrope?
24. What is osmotic pressure? Why it is a colligative property?
25. Define osmotic pressure. How is osmotic pressure related to the
concentration of a solute in a solution?
26. .Define the following terms:
(i) Colligative properties
(ii) Molality (m)
27. Define the following terms:
(i) Abnoraml molar mass
(ii) van’t Hoff factor (i)
28. Define the following terms:
(i) Ideal solution
(ii) Molarity (M)

29. (a) Explain why on addition of 1 mol of glucose to 1 litre of water, the boiling
point of water increases.
(b) Henry’s aw constant for CO2 in water is 1.67x108 Pa at 298 K.
Calculate the quantity of CO2 in 500 mL of soda water when packed
under 2.5 atm CO2 pressure at 298 K.
 IIII. Short Answer Type-II ( SA-II) ( 3 Marks)
1. 100 mg of a protein is dissolved in just enough water to make 10.0 mL of
solution. If this solution has an osmotic pressure of 13.3 mm Hg at 25°C, what is the
molarmass of the protein? (R = 0.0821 L atm mol-1 K-1 and 760 mm Hg = 1 atm.)
2. Calculate the freezing point depression expected for 0.0711 m aqueous
solution of Na2S04. If this solution actually freezes at – 0.320°C, what would be the
value of Van’t Hoff factor? (Kf for water is 1.86°C mol-1)
3. A solution prepared by dissolving 1.25 g of oil of winter green (methyl
salicylate) in 99.0 g of benzene has a boiling point of 80.31°C. Determine the molar
mass of this compound.(B.P. of pure benzene = 80.10°C and K b for benzene = 2.53°C
kg mol-1)
4. A solution of glycerol (C3H8O3; molar mass = 92 g mol -1) in water was
prepared by dissolving some glycerol in 500 g of water. This solution has a
boiling point of 100.42 °C. What mass of glycerol was dissolved to make this
solution? Kb for water = 0.512 K kg mol-1.
5. What mass of NaCl (molar mass = 58.5 g mol -1) must be dissolved in 65 g of
water to lower the freezing point by 7.5°C? The freezing point depression constant,
Kf, for water is 1.86 K kg mol-1. Assume van’t Hoff factor for NaCl is
1.87.
6. What mass of ethylene glycol (molar mass = 62.0 g mol-1) must be added to
5.50 kg of water to lower the freezing point of water from 0° C to -
10.0° C? (K, for water = 1.86 K kg mol1)?
7. 15 g of an unknown molecular substance was dissolved in 450 g of water. The
resulting
solution freezes at -0.34° C. What is the molar mass of the
substance?
(Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1).
8. What mass of NaCl must be dissolved in 65.0 g of water to lower the
freezing point of water by 7.5°C? The freezing point depression constant (K f) for
water is 1.86°C/m. Assume van’t Hoff factor for NaCl is 1.87. (Molar mass of NaCl
= 58.5 g)

9. Calculate the amount of KCl which must beadded to 1 kg of water so that the
freezing point is depressed by 2K. (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1)
10. A solution of glycerol (C3H8O3) in water was prepared by dissolving some
glycerol in 500 g of water. This solution has a boiling point of 100.42 °C while pure
water boils at 100°C. What mass of glycerol was dissolved to make the solution?
11. 15.0 g of an unknown molecular material was dissolved in 450 g of water.
The resultingsolution was found to freeze at -0.34 °C. What is the
molar mass of this material? (Kf forwater = 1.86 K kg mol-1)
12. A solution containing 30 g of non-volatile solute exactly in 90 g of water has a
vapour pressure of 2.8 kPa at 298 K. Further 18 g of water is added to this solution.
The new vapour pressure becomes 2.9 kPa at 298 K. Calculate
(i) the molecular mass of solute and
(ii) vapour pressure of water at 298 K.
13. If N2 gas is bubbled through water at 293K, how many millimoles of N 2 gas
would dissolve in 1 litre of water? Assume that N 2 exerts a partial pressure of 0.987 bar.
Given that Henry’s law constant for N2 at 293K is 76.48 k bar.
14. The partial pressure of ethane over a saturated solution containing 6.56
× 10-2 g of ethane is 1 bar. If the solution contains 5.0 × 10 -2 g of
ethane, then what will be the partial
pressure of the gas?
15. Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 2.5 × 10-2 g
of K2SO4 in 2L of water at 25° C, assuming that it is completely dissociated. (R = 0.0821 L
atm K-1 mol-1, Molar mass of K2SO4 = 174 g mol-1)

16. The partial pressure of ethane over a saturated solution containing 6.56
× 10-2 g of ethane is 1 bar. If the solution were to contain 5.0 × 10 -2 g of
ethane, then what will be the partial
pressure of the gas?
17. Some ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH, is added to your car’s cooling system
along with 5 kg of water. If the freezing point of a water-glycol solution is -15.0°C, what
is the boiling point of the solution?
(Kb = 0.52 K kg mol-1 and Kf = 1.86 K kg mol-1 for water)
18. 3.9 g of benzoic acid dissolved in 49 g of benzene shows a depression in
freezing point of 1.62 K. Calculate the Van’t Hoff factor and predict the nature of solute
(associated or dissociated).
(Given : Molar mass of benzoic acid = 122 g mol-1, Kf for benzene
= 4.9 K kg mol-1)

19. A solution is prepared by dissolving 10 g of non-volatile solute in 200 g of

water. It has a vapour pressure of 31.84 mm Hg at 308 K. Calculate the molar mass of the
solute.
(Vapour pressure of pure water at 308 K = 32 mm Hg)
20. 45 g of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) is mixed with 600 g of water. Calculate
(i) the freezing point depression and
(ii) the freezing point of the solution
(Given : Kf of water = 1.86 K kg mol-1)
21. A 5 percent solution (by mass) of cane-sugar (M.W. 342) is isotonic with
0.877solution of substance X. Find the molecular weight of X.
22. Calculate the boiling point of solution when 4 g of MgSO 4 (M =120 g mol-1)
Was dissolved in 100 g of water, assuming MgSO4 undergoes
complete ionization. (Kb for water = 0.52 K kg mol-1)
23. Calculate the mass of a non-volatile solute (molecular mass 40) which
should be dissolved in 114 g octane to reduce the vapour pressure to 80 .
24. An aqueous solution of 2 percent non-volatile solute exerts a pressure of
1.004 bar at the boiling point of the solvent. What is the molecular
mass of the solute? [Vapour pressure of water = 1.013 bar]
25. A 10 solution (by mass) of sucrose in water has freezing point of 269.15
K. Calculate the freezing point of 10 glucose in water, if freezing
point of pure water is 273.15 K.
Given: (Molar mass of sucrose = 342 g mol-1) (Molar mass of
glucose = 180 g mol-1)
26. The vapour pressure of pure liquids A and B at 400 K are 450 and 700 mmHg
respectively. Find out the composition of liquid mixture if total vapour pressure at
this temperature is 600 mmHg.

IV. MCQ
 5. Low concentration of oxygen in the blood arid tissues of people livirig at high
altitude is due to
{i) low temperature

{ii) low atmospheric pressure

(iii) high atmospheric pressure

{iv) both low temperature and high atmospheric pressure

6. Colligattve properties depend on

{i) the nature of the solute particles dissolved in solution.
{ii) the number of solute particles in solution.
{iii) the physical properties of the solute particles dissolved in
solution.
{iv) the nature of solvent particles.

7. At a glven temperature, osmotic pressure of a concentrated

solution of a substance
(i) is higher than that at a
dilute solution.
(ii) is lower than that of a
dilute solution.
(iii) is same as that of a dilute
solution.
(ivl cannot be compared wlth osmotic pressure of dllute
solution.

St PETER’S Sr SECONDARY HIGH SCHOOL PHYSICS XII NCERT QUESTION BANK

 SOURCE 2 ( NCERT Text Book )

Chapter: SOLUTIONS

Example Questions:

Example 2.1 (pg no: 36), Example 2.2 (pg no: 36), Example 2.3 (pg no: 37),
Example 2.4 (pg no: 40), Example 2.5 (pg no: 43), Example 2.6 (pg no: 48),
Example 2.7 (pg no: 49), Example 2.9 (pg no: 52), Example 2.10 (pg no: 52),
Example 2.11 (pg no: 54) and Example 2.12 (pg no: 57)

Intext Questions:

Q.NO: 2.1 to 2.5 (pg.no: 37)

Q.NO: 2.6 to 2.7 (pg.no: 41)

Q.NO: 2.8 (pg.no: 47)

Q.NO: 2.9 to 2.12 (pg.no: 55)

Exercise Questions:

Q.NO: 2.1 to 2.41 ( pg.no: 59-62)

St PETER’S Sr SECONDARY HIGH SCHOOL PHYSICS XII NCERT QUESTION BANK