The Female

Reproductive
System
'hHI."ll. JL

IE! Choice Genetics

hUpe'.f -'et' eiee- ;,'eneTI~:e.e er"l .-'en -11nee.-'eqi3*

kgl i e s
1-ilI-"'?_
gr ' 1_ 3
""l.H c"
 Module 1: Reproductive Physiology
Domestic Animals
Lesson 1.3: The Female Reproductive System
Learning Outcomes:

1. Describe the functional anatomy of the ovary,

accessory glands, and auxiliary structures of the
female reproductive tract.
2. Discuss the hypothalamopituitary axis, the
process of oogenesis, cyclical activity, and
f'IT*-I"n
female infertility.
II'l'.,l' IJ .3
..

'LI I
| 1 lge5
 Basic components

Ova ry
Left and right ovaries
Duct system
Oviducts
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina
Vulva

HE1;:rndl.:ti'l'etmr:t d the female pi"]_ Imugelzqr: W. Srldelnl, Plidllelhiiemiljr

-...1.-...__-... . l ' l . l . l ' l . . l l . . l - . - -..-|..- !....-.l.-....-|..-. l\-'1-r1l.-l : 1 n 1..-1 n.-..-..- .-...L |.|'|.T- .'|.rli

-5""I*"'J'
l

kg1§¢£%Y&5
l
l .." l

U., 'I_
UI*
l
9
 Sow Reproductive Tract
Uterine Horns

Uterine
Bifurcation Body up-ju
L2-?§1
Cervix

In l I - 1 __ I n

Ovidu
)vidu¢::t Ovary
Ovary

Bladder
Vagina
*lll"\1

Vulva
Sauces
[LeN] Htll:.J5"1IH\rrH.ur1:sd-wis1:.edl,l'j]J1r'Elsd_lq;.nil al;:lr'felr1ah2_nl1anrrrlr}1:ng_.'=:n1IJ! Pig_lr12l'l::1._d al:ll n3"_ri1j nLlabd.ITh1n
{LeFIII Hndrigun-E1-lILn!dl'n,J-, HIcnll!lls,L.. Duevns., E et al. .M nrphnlngicnl chlranenslics M the Ne-tvhc in dnmesri: saw:

I'I1'-'1:"-I*F.?_
_

VI SAYAS
l
l
\*!I' l l

u IJ.-al'Q
l.. l
1 l
l l

l
'|

'l'.,lj 1 I.:.in -I~JI,"-JI"rl.Hl'l.l, l I

 The Ovaries
Primary reproductive organ in
female
Production of gametes (ova) + sex
hormones

M onotocous
Gives birth to one young gestation
Cow. mare. ewe

Polytocou S
Gives birth to multiple
offspring/gestation period
Sow. bitch

¢-I"-I*l,?_

u.'l'.,l IJ -3
1 \{l§.4&Y>5
-uiI$¥IH*
 The Ovaries
Shape and size of the
ovaries
Differ among farm animals

Cow
almond shape (35mm x
25mm x 1 5mm
Ewe/doe
almond shape, smaller
(than cows)
Sow
cluster of grapes
extensive allielegrewth

Comparatlve murpnnlcgy of sheep. pig and -:nw »:wales

amII]BllE"»"IE.T.&PdEI'lid4Z=,"»II"E.§1BEPEU-D"r'l-J;.M. ape;=a:,s.sTrer4-nuvsu s. EEu:».l=u111:-'11:,L.l EAIm,H

{2l]Dtl- study of the lrlurdmlugpuflJ1fnr3.ru1dL*muI4:g3f t:Funl:5lrtE asbns is fnresmbli d1i rgmetllnds mu

*I g
.
-Jul .;§"*
\Q*§8¥5
 The Pig Ovaries

Differences between eureriee from single enimal

(left)

Pig c e r e s dur fig one see cycle (emphesis un

differences in merphcicgy of fe-Ilicles) (right) I UE. 3,005

SmlIjBl'»D'¢'1E.T. E Pu4eHd1:,Yesr1n 5 Pet.rcHI*:.h-I. E PEJGHI, 5. lTr1EI1:l=~L1E'Y$ld,5. E Erumrnwmu

. .
E-mlm, H
QW7]- study of the lriurddclm duvnrg.r m1dL*y'tnllJgyfn1'uul:3rtEas basis fur estubl I sh Irgmetllnds mu
5=*'I"-1
E'I "u1_ 3
|

I
VISAYAS
E-iA..IL4»JI'-J.'1fL-lil-.':\-lll '|
 Follicular Development
All primary follicles are farmed during the prenatal period of the
female)
50-90 days post conception in the fetal gilt, 1 1 0-130 days post conception in the
tal calf

Primary follicle
Germ layer surrounded by a angie layer of foilieular
Cella (granuloea cells
D-n4:ytl
Ioeated in the parenchyma-in groups saIled as egg
neats
Inna
75000 follielea in the young alf Pilundi
2500 potential ova in the o d now

I
Seoondeiy follicle 2nna III'-u1mulc=e.-aI
Fiudiala
An ovum surrounded by2-more I ayers of grenulooe
cells
TAntrum (oevity) will form later 1*H development
Ant nm
Tertiary follicle
FU Iydetreioped antrum
Mature fol I je I efiuid (liquor foiiiooii] - fil led blister un
the aurfaee of the ovary' (Giaafian foil i ¢jlE-1EJ2)

C.ul.lllI.ll-l l 1-.H-1 Fll'IIl..lll.lllZ.ll.lll -..-A u l l l l .l.l.llll-ll*ll-illll.lllllln.lll'.II..II...ll.II IdlhI1-.lu-.

¢-.'I"-'I*q_
or;
2*u11- Q.=?"-
VI SAYAS
l.l.i\,IL4»Jl'-JI"rL,l-lb.ll `l
 Follicular Development
Primary follicle Primordial
Secondary follicles
follicle

Mature
(Graafian)
follicle

Corpus
albicans

_,A Degenerating follicle

(corpus Iuteum)

Secondary -nclcyle

Sauce https.:.Mb-bh:»nin.ln-cnm auf11gh!-r-Ieulelfhnpic-11-mms

Cross-section of the -:wary
-59lr.1
kg.Jo1_
,| .3- VI SAYAS
.:§"* 1l-I.-iulL-l~JI'-JI'lrLII'1..';llll. '|
 The Graafian Follicle

Du-:yin

Bunn
Pallucrida I

Etna Granulusa
Corona
Radiate

Afllrum

Pig oocytes {CIE1E:s) used in this study. MGllJl:]lI3s ws-rs surrsundsd

by s fisk stimulus sell Isysr, whsrsss up~:sss were psrtislljf
drudged sr hsd s thin stimulus sell layer esmpsrsd is MGG1£ICs

.
Emnzes ' llttl1~'Hmedcel medqrde edu,"l1l:=.1::lnq,l',i'l:1rnr5l'_fd1de-d1:: EIEFIII Ejnullyenrlg, Lee E F*'arl~r..lnnqlm E '!'l::1:l1,JI.1ng E Lee "l'nngE *Diva Hwnn E Le-E..Eem1gE=
Park, lI':l1::»:lrHl;e1lr'.E. How. Sang Man a. Lee, Gem-5h-ik E Lee..Em- (2115 Papery-:dn Una t men Miw inHlmmmun1mHnnmes ImprnuesembrpnnII:

.-1
VI SAYA5
I.I.-il.»IL-l»JI1J.'IA.-lil,.':l.In '|
 Fallopian tubes
Oviducts .. 20cm - 30cm long)
Transport of sparmatazaa and Ava
Site of fertilization (am pullat-lsthmlc junction)
Site of ear ly' embrycani 'C dev. prent Ovary lnfundibulum

Infundibulum
Opening ) fimbriae
Catches the egg at the time of
emulation
Annul la
ceeunts about half of the total
Iength
Isthmus 1er'=I==
Smaller but thicker
Transports mettle sperm to the site Tip of
of fertilizetien Oviduct
Filters deed spermatezee Uterine Horn
Uterb-tubal junction (sperm reservoir)
Contractile activity is stimulated by estrogen, inhibited by prbgestins
He-lzlrl:lll:ll.l-ll:li'li'EPh'5l5iIJIIE:\l;l';'-ElilldAI1EtDrIrlr1Jttl"IE-5Drll'l'IJly[ll'-ll'lll!l5I'lIE5iridEllJnBnd[l\1'.T'.'1Brll[:l'iEIIIT'l=Bl':

g'-*l:"-I

u IJ -In \1§¥A.5
 Pig Oviduct
O.~»;_
Hay

lnfurldibulum
UterutuE
Jurictiun

sum
4 - Isthmus

Ampulla
Uterine Horn
Source 5l::1w1"Git I1q::r4:du1:Ii1I'1:Tral:1

~5"Iln
Q."uIJ \ *§/25
I .-al'
 Uterus
35-60cm Ion g
Retains and nourishes the embryo/fetus
Uterine milk - source of nourishment of the embryo (pre
implantstion stage) Uterine hurns

Bicornuate
Small uterine body and two long
uterine horns
Sow, cow. ewe. and dee
Duplex Righi ovary Left nvarjlf
Two uterine horns each with
separate cervical canal
. Ra b.bit, rat, guinea pig
Bipartite Broad
ligament
Prominent uterine body
In mare E-En.5 b.;.a ~

Uteri-tubal junction (sperm resewnir) »=. muraL A. Ewif5,za1an n. Hhan, 'Eh tileUtfrus- A Hmnelhnlmul Labumtnrg'
Model fn' Advuruzed HyslHn5nupicEugeq Trnnirrg*,DM1eum and
Cnntratztile activity is stimulated by estrogen, inhibited by prngestins Ey1'lendo-pry lnteml':1nnal,~rd. 1015,AI'ti-:lil DEE-T693.. 4 page5,1015
lTttns.l'.Fdnlnlru."1D. 1 1 E5.."1~l]15.l**§IETE93

F-b
U'l'.,luld
'I

I
.3
.-al' lie5
 Pig Uterus 2. past-cal:

maluuuv

1ma=II[Hn1»'-1l

1 EAI

LIGAIIHT
l.l.lF!IlFIIJ'!5Dl:IPI.'IITll

mliulu.1.l.1n nll:Iu.u\lsrrln:3 UTEHcI-ll'lEill.I.ll2Tl:lll

whlilrn

Anetomy of the eow'e uterus and epemt deposition eitee during AI. The ineeminetion eitee ere shown in suriunufubedu, Gristinu a lulutéu. Garden a Gard I'
'liazqnezlI Francisco. [1013]. An uuewiew M swine
eeverel reel imeoee: 1] Eervitzael AI (EAI), 2) Poet-oertrioel AI (Poet-CAI), 3) Deep intreuterine ineeminetion artificial irrseihinuder E:Lmme<:tiv':,4:mEnt and
(null; 4) IntrooviOueteI AI (ITS)I (view of the Ieperoeoopio epproeoh of the oviduct) purspeMive aspects. Jnllnsluf EnqnerimenMl and
Apdiedlnimul 5{:ienlrs-"l. ET-Q?

I'I1-.'1:'*I*q_
JT.-`
uUr' 'I|_
.Im gl'-
g VI SAYAS
1l-I.-ini L-l»JI'J.'lfU-1.:.l.. '|
 Uterine layers...
Tunica SEFCISEI enter layer
Mymmetrium two thin longitudinal layers of smooth muscles with a thicker
eireular layer sandwiched between
Endcametrium mueesal lining of the uterus, eamplex but with simple glands
or vides mechanism f ratta foment f the extraembry me
membranes leading to placental formation (glaeentatian)

estrogen - increases vsseuleriiy of the endemetrium es well

es stimulete gr-ewth of endemetriel glends
pregestins - eeuses endemetriel glands to -:oil end secrete
uterine milk

Placentation
Cotyledpnary
Chpripnic villi penetrate into the earunelee - plaeenteme or
cotyledon
. (Jews, ewe5. deep [70-120 in late pregnancy)
Dlffuse
Extraembryenie membranes lying folds en the endemetrium
endometrial eupe (a eemieireular ring around the pregnant hprn
in the mare between 61"-201;h day of pregnancy
¢'.'U-I?-

Q..*'u1_
l
. Y!§.€$Y@>5
 Types of Placenta Diffuse Placenta
5.1
nz..'L

Maternal
Uterine vesculer endothelium
Connective tissue
Uterine epithelium Mare Sow

I Fetal Cotyledonary Placenta

All ante-eherienie epithelium
Cennectivetiseue
Vascular epithelium

Ewe Cow
Image from
Also Goat & Deer tip: Huninalswnennesm rssullrirdutrepludfriniirs

-5"Iln
II'l'.,luIJ
| 'Q
I l:l;l*1' \{l§fS$Y4%5
 Cervix
4 to 5 inches long, 1- 2 inches in diameter Internal
Lies between the Regine and uterus Cervical
Designed ts restrict eccess to the uterus nteriur
soma Us
With thick and dense wells ed r a r e d to the
veginsl wells
Three or four ridges or rings within the cervix
(ennufer folds) lnterdigitating
Pl'UI'l'lil"IEI'lGE"5

Functions
Site of semen deposition during A.l 'U5tEl'iD
External
Acts as reservoir fer semen .Vagina Cervical
Provides a fevorsb e environment for Ds
sperm survival

Antéiibr
VagiNa

Eunice Saw; Eh Et:-mdmzdve Tl!l:t

Jl_L.II

-5"-'".I I"J'
kg.Jo1_
l _-8~53 Y1§§m5
 Vagina
Internal
located between the opening to the bladder end the Cervical
I"ltEl'iDI"
GEWIX Us
soma
approximately a inches long (in nows)

lnterdigltatlng
Prominences

Functions
site of semen deposition during natural senrioe g5tEl'ig
External
senses as an unrestrioti\.re passageway fer the alf at Vagina Cervical
time of birth
line of defense against invasion by bacteria Ds
the ep ithel E um of the vagina secretes fluids which
combine with oenrioal fluids to inhibit growth of
undesirable bacteria
An~téTibr
VagiNa

Eunice Saw!Glt Far:-mducdve Tlli:t

Jl_L.IIL

:°I* @ .
u IJ -3
'|

'l'.,l I |'1*"'
VISAYAS
bi hi L -ll.JI'-J.'lfLIIII-l'llll; '|
 Vulva

the eternal part of the repraductivetract

the thickened folds of skin are sensitive to changes in
estrogen, the harmerie - responsible fer estrus (heat)
Swelling and redness of the vulva - due to increased
bleed flew - useful in estrous deteetien when eau pled
with ether signs
Entrance far mating, exit far parturition, urine
passageway

Vulval swelling 1 wk before calving

Image bin Dr. Soon-H~:ln Cheung. Avui table it

*1lt1:=;.r,=l»;~rb»:»-ine@e~»;1i»:ln.bk-gspm-mln;2n14,1n6;l11u5.he
lf'-'2"':I"q._
'H."
-..".

g'l',lu18
'I

I
38
-»" V11§§ye5
 m
Ill

l.r'...l..'_"..l ._ »-_.~Jmv and pfw'-==HJI-Jnvvf sunk. sum sale-:1s1r£=.=-.

side view of the C¢Jw'S reproductive system hops'.tfvnwwselecm res-cnnnli'ar11r.le.Fsa-bInl;l.r2DQ[l.-'11tNL5,.r rpm»du-r:l we-

~_'?IIln
II IJ 3 \{l§£$Y£?>5
 THANKYOU!

VISAYAS
STATE UNIVERSITY

Dr. Santiege T. Pena, Jr., DIM, PhD, DPCSP

Dean, College of Veterinary Medicine
Visages State University
e: Santiege.penajr@veu edu.ph
p: +63 917 127 6700
¢'.'U-I?-

u'l'.,luIJ -3
'|

I 1'l*"' \{1§£$Y&'>5