1.1 Encircle the correct answer from the given choices. i, The number of base units in SI are: @3 (b)6 ory @s ii Which one of the following unit is not a derived unit? (a) Pascal (®) kilogram ¥ (© Newton @) watt ili, Amount of a substance in terms of numbers is measured in: (LER 2011) (a) Gram (®) kilogram (©)Newton @) mole ¥ iv. Aminterval of 200 ps is equivalent to: (LAR 2015) (0.28 (b) 0.028 (2x104s¥ (@)2x10%s v. Which one of the following is the smallest quantity? (a) 0.01 g (b)2 mg (©) 100 ng (a) 5000 ng vi. Which instrument is most suitable to measure the internal diameter of a test tube? (a) Meter rule () Vernier callipers ¥ (© Measuring tap @) screw gauge vii, A student claimed the diameter of a wire as 1.032 em using Vernier calipers, Up to what extent do you agree with it? fa) Lem (b) 1.0 em (©) 1.03 em ¥ (@) 1.032 om viii, A measuring cylinder is used to measure: (a) Mass @) area (©) Volume ¥ (@) level of a Tiquid ix. A student noted the thickness of a glass sheet using a screw gauge. On the main scale, it reads 3 divisions while 8th division on the circular scale coincides with index line. Its thickness is: (a) 3.8 em (b) 3.08 om (©)3.08 mm ¥ @)3.08m x. Significant figures in an exp (a) All the digits(b) Alll the accurately known digits (c) All the accurately known digits and the first doubtful digit ¥ (@) All the accurately known and all the doubtful digits xi. Identify the base quantity in the following: (a) Speed () Area (© Force @ Distance ¥ 1.2: What is the difference between base quantities and derived quantities? Give three examples in each case. ‘The quantities on the basis of which other | Physical quantities which can be described quantities are expressed are known as base | in terms of base quantities are known as quantities. derived quantities. Examples Examples Length, time, mass Force, area, volume 1.3: Pick out the base units in the following: Joule, Newton, kilogram, hertz, mole, ampere, meter, Kelvin, coulomb and watt. Base units Kilogram (unit of mass) © Mole (unit of quantity of substance) © Ampere (unit of electric current) © Metre (unit of length) ‘© Kelvin (unit of temperature) 1.4: Find the base quantities involved in each of the following derived quantities: (a) Speed (b) Volume (c) Force (@) Work Ans: (a) Speed speed are length and time. (b) Volume: Volume = length » width » height = length » length » length So base quantities involved in volume is length.(©) Force: Foree = mass » acceleration Change in velocity =massx ngs Nerooty time: distance =massx— SEN time x time Length =mass x 8" _ time x time So base quantities involved in force are length mass and time. (@ Work: Work = Foree » distance mass * acceleration * distance Change in velocity =mass ANSE VSTOCNY distance time distance = mass *————_—_x distanee time x time Length =mass «78 _f ength time x time So base quantities involved in work are length, mass and time. 1.5: Estimate your age in séconds. (LER 2014, 2015) Ans: Let present age = 15 years = 15 x 365 days 5475 days 475 x 24 hours = 131400 hours 31400 » 3600 second 173040000 second 1.6: | What rele SI units have played in the develop of science? (LHR 2013) With the development in the field of science and technology, the need for a commonly acceptable system of units was seriously felt all over the world particularly to exchange scientific and technical information, To fulfil this need a world-wide system of dopted ‘measurements called international system of units w: What is meant by vernier constant? (LHR 2014, 2015) “The difference between one small division on main scale and one vernier scale division is imum length which can be measured accurately with called vernier constant. This is the mii the help of a vernier callipers. That is why it is also called the least count of vernier callipers”.1.8: What do you understand by the zero error of a measuring instrument? (LHR 2014) Ans: The error in a measuring instrument due to non-uniform or wrongly marked graduation due to which a measurement may be less or greater than actual measurement is called zero error of the measuring instrument. 1.9: Whyis the use of zero error necessary in a measuring instrument? (LHR 2013) Ans: If a measuring instrument has a zero error, rea ngs taken by it will not be correct. By knowing the zero error first, necessary correction can be made to find the correct ‘measurement, Such a correction is called zero correction. 1.10: What is a stopwatch? What is the least count of a mechanical stopwatch you have used in the laboratories? Ans: “An instrument used to measure the time interval or specific period of an even stop watch”. Least count of mechanical stop watch is 0.1 second, known as 1.11: Why do we need to measure extremely small interval of times? We need to measure extremely small interval of times to get accurate and error free results of experiments, 1.12: Whatis meant by significant figures of a measurement? (GRW 2013) Ans: In any measurement all the accurately known digits and first doubtful digit is known as significant figure. 1.13: Howis precision related to the significant fi jures in a measured quantity? Ans: An improvement in the quality of measurement by using better instrument increases the significant figures in the measured result. More significant figure means greater precision E.g, measurement of vernier callipers would be more precise than a metre rule, therefore ‘measurements taken by vernier callipers would have more significant figures than that taken by metre rule, at : freeilm786@ gmail.com visit: frecilm.com