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Chapter 3 - Phasor Method - Resonance and Power

This document provides an overview of circuit theory and resonance phenomena based on chapters from the textbook "ET2050 Circuit Theory". It discusses resonance as a condition where a sinusoidal forcing function produces a maximum response amplitude. It also describes how resonance occurs in circuits containing inductors or capacitors, and introduces phasor methods for analyzing AC circuits including calculations of impedance, current, voltage, power, and quality factor.

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Tu Nguyen
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48 views

Chapter 3 - Phasor Method - Resonance and Power

This document provides an overview of circuit theory and resonance phenomena based on chapters from the textbook "ET2050 Circuit Theory". It discusses resonance as a condition where a sinusoidal forcing function produces a maximum response amplitude. It also describes how resonance occurs in circuits containing inductors or capacitors, and introduces phasor methods for analyzing AC circuits including calculations of impedance, current, voltage, power, and quality factor.

Uploaded by

Tu Nguyen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ET2050

Circuit theory
ET2050: CIRCUIT THEORY
Lecturer: Dao Le Thu Thao

At the Faculty of Electronic Engineering


Email: [email protected]

3
Chapter 3: Resonance phenomenon

- A condition existing in any physical system, when a fixed –amplitude


sinusoidal forcing function produces a response with maximum amplitude.

In electronic application: a network containing at least L or C, is in


resonance (or resonant) when the voltage and current at the network
input terminals are in phase.
At that case, the input impedance is purely resistance

4
Chapter 3: Phasor method – Resonance phenomenon

1 1
𝑌 = + 𝑗 𝜔𝐶 −
𝑅 𝜔𝐿
Resonance occurs:
1 1
B(𝜔0 ) = 𝜔0 𝐶 − = 0 ➔ 𝜔0 =
𝜔0 𝐿 𝐿𝐶

𝐼 𝐼
𝑉(𝜔) = =
𝑌 1 + 𝑗𝐵
𝑅
5
Chapter 3: Phasor method – Resonance phenomenon

The bandwidth of a resonant circuit is difference of


these two half-power frequencies.
The height of curve depend on only the value of R.
→An important application of resonance
phenomenon is the frequency selection circuit.
→ The sharpness of the response curve of any
resonance circuit is determined by the max
amount of energy stored in the circuit, compared
with the energy lost
max(𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑)
→Q = quality factor = 2𝜋
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑

𝐶 𝜔0 𝑓0
𝑄 = 𝑅. ≈ = for hight − Q circuits
𝐿 𝐵 𝐵𝐻𝑧
6
Chapter 3: Phasor method – AC circuit power

The instantaneous power:


p(t) = u(t).i(t)
𝑢2 (𝑡)
R: 𝑝 𝑡 = 𝑢 𝑡 .𝑖 𝑡 = 𝑅. 𝑖 2 𝑡 =
𝑅
𝑑𝑖
L: 𝑝 𝑡 = 𝐿. 𝑖 𝑡 .
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑢
C: 𝑝 𝑡 = 𝐶. 𝑢 𝑡 .
𝑑𝑡
For sinusoidal excitation, The average power / cycle time
1 𝑇𝑜 1
𝑃 = ‫׬‬0 𝑢 𝑡 . 𝑖 𝑡 . 𝑑𝑡 = ‫ 𝑚𝑈 ׬‬. cos 𝜔𝑜 𝑡 + 𝜑𝑢 . 𝐼𝑚 . cos 𝜔𝑜 𝑡 + 𝜑𝑖 . 𝑑𝑡
𝑇𝑜 𝑇𝑜
1 𝑇𝑜 𝑈𝑚 𝐼𝑚
𝑃= 𝑈 𝐼 ‫ ׬‬cos ∆𝜑 . 𝑑𝑡 = . cos ∆𝜑 [W - Watt]
2𝑇𝑜 𝑚 𝑚 0 2

7
Chapter 3: Phasor method – AC circuit power

The effective power:


The effective value of any periodic current is equal to the value of the direct
current, in which flowing through an R-Ohm resistor, delivers the same average
power to the resistor as does the periodic current.
1 1
R: 𝑝 𝑡 = 𝑅. 𝑖 2 𝑡 then, the average power P = ‫׬‬ 𝑅. 𝑖 2 𝑡 . 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑅. ‫ 𝑖 ׬‬2 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇 𝑇 𝑇
is the same delivered power by DC current: P= R.I2
1
So, 𝐼𝑒𝑓𝑓 = ‫׬‬ 𝑖2 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠
𝑇

1 𝐼𝑚
For sinusoidal excitation, the effective value: 𝐼𝑒𝑓𝑓 = ‫׬‬ 𝑖2 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 =
𝑇 2

Using Irms Urms to compute the average P


𝑈𝑚 𝐼𝑚
𝑃= . cos ∆𝜑 = 𝑈𝑒𝑓𝑓 𝐼𝑒𝑓𝑓 . cos ∆𝜑 [𝑊]
2
8
Chapter 3: Phasor method – AC circuit power

The apparent power and power factor:


Let see, the average power of sinusoid current:
𝑈𝑚 𝐼𝑚
𝑃= . cos ∆𝜑 = 𝑈𝑒𝑓𝑓 𝐼𝑒𝑓𝑓 . cos(∆𝜑)
2
𝑈𝑒𝑓𝑓 𝐼𝑒𝑓𝑓 is “apparently” the same DC technique to compute absorbed power, say:
apparent power [V.A]
The ratio of the average power to the apparent power is Power factor:
𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝑃𝐹 = = cos ∆𝜑 related to difference of phase angle (lagging, leading
𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟

The complex power: ∗


𝑆 = 𝑈𝑒𝑓𝑓 𝐼𝑒𝑓𝑓 . 𝑒 𝑗(𝜑𝑢 −𝜑𝑖) = 𝑈𝑒𝑓𝑓 . 𝐼𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 𝑃 + 𝑗𝑄
𝑃 = 𝑈𝑒𝑓𝑓 𝐼𝑒𝑓𝑓 . cos ∆𝜑 [W]
𝑄 = 𝑈𝑒𝑓𝑓 𝐼𝑒𝑓𝑓 . sin(∆𝜑) [VAr]
So, the apparent power is |S| [VA]
9
Chapter 3: Phasor method – Complex power

Effective Value with Multiple-Frequency circuit


2 2 2
𝑃 = (𝐼𝑒𝑓𝑓1 + 𝐼𝑒𝑓𝑓2 … + 𝐼𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑁 ). 𝑅
2 2
𝐼𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 𝐼𝑒𝑓𝑓1 + ⋯ + 𝐼𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑁
Example:
Calculate the rms value of each periodic voltages:
a/ 6.cos(25t)
b/ 6.cos(25t) + 4.sin(25t+30o)
c/ 6.cos(25t) + 5.cos2(25t)
d/ 4 + 6.cos(25t) + 5.sin(30t)

10
Chapter 3: Phasor method

The

11
THANK YOU !

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