MEASURE OF CENTRAL

TENDENCY
Dayono, Jenesa A.
01 LEARNING
OUTCOMES
To compute and interpret the GOALS
different measures of central
tendency.
02 INTRODUCTION
MEASURES OF CENTRAL
TENDENCY ARE SOMETIMES
CALLED MEASURES OF CENTRAL
LOCATION. THEY ARE ALSO
CLASSED AS SUMMARY
STATISTICS.
The mean, median and mode of data
represent a single value that represents
the data set. Its purpose is to locate the
center of the data set.
03
LET'S LOOK BACK
Activity : 3M's
A student recorded her scores on weekly math quizzes that were marked outof
a possible 10 points. Her scores were as follows.

8585767757556698979
968667
What is the mean of her score on the weekly math quizzes?
What is the median of her score on the weekly math quizzes?
What is the mode of her score on the weekly math quizzes?
Let's get
started
 Mean
The arithmetic mean, often called as the mean, is most frequently
used measure of central tendency.
The mean is the only common measure in which all values play an
equal role, meaning, to determine its values you would only need to
consider all the values of any given data set.
The mean is appropriate to determine the central tendency of an
interval or ratio data.

The symbol x̄, called "x bar" is used to represent the mean of a sample
The symbol μ, called "mu", is used to denote the mean of a population.

Properties of Mean
1. A set of data has only one mean.
2. Mean can be applied for interval and ration data.
3. All values in the data set are included in computing the mean
4. The mean is very useful in comparing two or more dara set.
5. Mean is affected by the extreme small or large values on a
data set.
6. Mean is most appropriate in symmetrical data.
Mean = sum of all values / number
of values

Where:
x̄ = sample mean
μ = population mean
x = the value of any particular observation
or measurement
n = total number of values in the sample
N = total number of values in the
population
EXAMPLE 1:
The daily salaries of a sample of eight employees at GMS
Inc. are Php 550, Php 420, Php 560, Php 500, Php 700,
Php 860, Php 480. Find the mean daily rate of
employees.
Solution :
EXAMPLE 2
Find the population mean of the ages of 9
middle-management employees of a certain
company. The ages are 53, 45, 59, 48, 54, 46, 51,
58, and 55.
Solution
 Median
The median is the midpoint of the data The data set is ordered, whether
array. ascending or descending order, it is called
Median is an appropriate measure of
Central Tendency for data that are
Data array
ordinal or above, but is more valuable in
an ordinal type of data

Properties of Median
1. The media is unique, there is only one median for asset of
data.
2. The median is found by arranging the set of data from
lowest to highest (or highest to lowest) and getting the
value of the middle observation.
3. Median is not affected by the extreme small or large values.
4. Median can be applied for ordinal, interval and ration data.
5. Median is most appropriate in a skewed data.
To determine the value of median for
ungrouped, we need to consider two rules:
1. If n is odd, the median is the middle
rank.
2. If n is even, then the median is the
average of the two middle ranked
values.
 EXAMPLE 1
Find the median of the ages of 9 middle-
management employees of a certain company.
The ages are 53, 45, 59, 48, 54, 46, 51, 58, and 55.

Solution:
Step 1: Arrange the data in order.
Step 2: Select the middle rank value.
Step 3: Identify the median in the data set.
EXAMPLE 2:
The daily salaries of a sample of eight employees at GMS
Inc. are Php 550, Php 420, Php 560, Php 500, Php 700,
Php 860, Php 480. Find the median daily rate of employees.
Solution :
Step 1: Arrange the data in order.
Step 2: Select the middle rank value.
Step 3: Identify the median in the data set. If the the
middle point falls between the two values, we can
determine the median of the data set by getting the
average of the two values.
 Mode
The mode is the value in a data set that
appears most frequently.
Like the median and unlike the mean,
extreme small or large values in a data set
do not affect the mode
a data may not contain any mode if none of
the values are "most typical".

Mode
A data set that has only one value that occurs the greatest
frequency said to be UNIMODAL.
If the data has two values with the same greatest frequency, both
values are considered the mode and the data set is BIMODAL.
If a data set has more than two modes, then the data set is said to
be MULTIMODAL
There are some cases when a data set values have the same
number of frequencies. When this occurs, the data set is said to
be NO MODE.
Properties of Mode
1. The mode is found by
locating the most frequently
according value.
2. The mode is the easiest
average to compute.
3. There can be more than one
mode or even no mode in any
given data set.
4. Mode is not affected by the
extreme small or large values.
5. Mode can be applied for
nominal, ordinal, interval and
ratio data.
EXAMPLE 1:
The following data represent the total unit sales for
Smartphones from a sample of 10 Communication Centers
for the month of August: 15, 17, 10, 12, 13, 10, 14, 10, 8 and
9.
Solution:

The ordered array for these data is

8,9,10,10,10,12,13,14,15,17.

Because 10 appears 3 times, more than the other values,

therefore the mode is 10.
EXAMPLE 2
Find the mode of the ages of 9 middle-
management employees of a certain company.
The ages are 53, 45, 59, 48, 54, 46, 51, 58, and 55.
Solution:
The ordered array for these data is
45, 46,48, 51, 43, 54, 55, 58, 59.

There is no mode since the data set hase the same

frequency.
LET'S SUM IT UP

The arithmetic mean, often called as

the mean, is the most frequently used
measure of central tendency
The median is the midpoint of the
data array
The mode is the value in a data set
that appears most frequently.
Properties of Mean
1. A set of data has only one mean.
2. Mean can be applied for interval and ration data.
3. All values in the data set are included in computing the
mean
4. The mean is very useful in comparing two or more dara
set.
5. Mean is affected by the extreme small or large values on a
data set.
6. Mean is most appropriate in symmetrical data.
Properties of Median
1. The media is unique, there is only one median for asset
of data.
2. The median is found by arranging the set of data from
lowest to highest (or highest to lowest) and getting the
value of the middle observation.
3. Median is not affected by the extreme small or large
values.
4. Median can be applied for ordinal, interval and ration
data.
5. Median is most appropriate in a skewed data.
Properties of Mode
1. The mode is found by
locating the most frequently
according value.
2. The mode is the easiest
average to compute.
3. There can be more than one
mode or even no mode in any
given data set.
4. Mode is not affected by the
extreme small or large
values.
5. Mode can be applied for
nominal, ordinal, interval and
ratio data.
THANK YOU
I hope you can get useful knowledge from this
presentation. Good luck !