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The document discusses three main sources of error for magnetic compasses: 1. Magnetic variation, which is the difference between magnetic and true north that depends on location. It can be east or west. 2. Compass deviation, which results from magnetic interference within the aircraft from engines, electronics, etc. This causes the compass to point to "compass north" rather than magnetic north. Pilots refer to a deviation card to correct for this. 3. Magnetic dip, or turning error, which causes the compass needle to dip or change when accelerating or turning.

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Azeah Batislaong
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28 views

Assignment #2

The document discusses three main sources of error for magnetic compasses: 1. Magnetic variation, which is the difference between magnetic and true north that depends on location. It can be east or west. 2. Compass deviation, which results from magnetic interference within the aircraft from engines, electronics, etc. This causes the compass to point to "compass north" rather than magnetic north. Pilots refer to a deviation card to correct for this. 3. Magnetic dip, or turning error, which causes the compass needle to dip or change when accelerating or turning.

Uploaded by

Azeah Batislaong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MAGNETIC COMPASS ERROS: VARIATIONS & DEVIATIONS

MAGNETIC COMPASS ERROS: The compass has such a simple principle of


operation; it has certain inherit errors to its design.

ERROS THAT PILOTS SHOULD BE AWARE OF:

1. Magnetic Variation
2. Compass Deviation
3. Magnetic Dip: Acceleration Error/ Turning Error

HOW DOES MAGNETIC COMPASS WOK?

- It is used to determine the orientation (heading) in relation to the Earth’s


magnetic north. It is also aligned in to the Earth’s magnetic field lines.

MAGNETIC NORTH POLE

- It is the point through which the magnetic field lines enter and all compasses
point. Magnetic North does not coincide with true north. It does not remain static
at a fixed point but moves over the year.

MAGNETIC VARIATION (Mag Var or Magnetic Declination)

- The difference between the two poles. This variation can be to the E or W
depending on the relative position of the poles which at the same time depends
on our position on earth.
- When we have an East Variation the magnetic north is east of true north. On the
other hand, when we have a West Variation the magnetic north is west of true
north. In case we have Zero Variation it means that the magnetic north and true
north are in the same direction.

HOW DO WE KNOW WHA THE VARIATION IS?

- A complete model has been created. The lines (Isogonic Lines) represent a
specific magnetic variation angle where it is represented with dash lines.
OVERVIEW:

MC= Angle between magnetic north and the course.

TC= Angle between true (geographic) north and the course.

Var= Angle between magnetic north and true (geographic) north.

W= +

MC= TC ± Var “East is least and West is best

E= -

COMPASS DEVIATION:

- Any nearby magnetic interference will cause the compass to deviate and give an
erroneous indication.
- New north: to which the compass points is known as Compass North (Nc)

How we know how much is the compass deviation?

- There’s a so called Compass Deviation Card: it is for the information for the
different headings where it is normally located at the cockpit. The difference
between these two values (Desired magnetic heading, heading to be used) will
be the deviation angle.
- COMPASS CALIBRATION: At some aerodynamics there are specific position
where maintenance personnel can calibrate the compass and register the
information into the compass deviation card.
-
Desired- Heading= ± Deviation Angle

In some cases the deviation angle can be expressed in (W, E) instead of (+,-)

DEVIATION ANGLE:

- Angle between magnetic north and compass north. The angle is not always the
same it will depend one each aircraft and where it is heading
Major Magnetic Interference:

- In an aircraft the major magnetic interference is caused by the engine, radio and
avionics equipment. Also cellphones and other electronic devices, these are the
reasons of restricting the use of electronic device during a flight

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