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Week 6 | Day 26 to Day 30

Discipline and Ideas in the
Social Sciences
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Structural Functionalism

SELF-LEARNING MODULE

DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY

Discipline and Ideas in the Social Sciences – Grade 11
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 3
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
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over them.

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Taj Ngilay

Editors: Junrey Villa
Reviewers: Luzviminda R. Loreno
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Cover Art Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
Management Team: Romelito G. Flores, CESO V – Schools Division Superintendent
Mario M. Bermudez, CESO VI – Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Juliet F. Lastimosa, CID Chief
Sally A. Palomo, EPS - LRMS
Gregorio O. Ruales, EPS – ADM Coordinator
Luzviminda R. Loreno, EPS – SHS Coordinator
Lito Adanza – EPS – Araling Panlipunan

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – General Santos City

Office Address: Tiongson St., Lagao, General Santos City

Telefax: (083) 552-8909
E-mail Address: [email protected]
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Discipline and Ideas

in the Social Sciences
Quarter 1 – Module 3
Structural Functionalism

SELF-LEARNING MODULE

DIVISION OF GENERAL SANTOS CITY

Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Discipline and Ideas in the Social Sciences

Grade 11 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Structural Functionalism!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators
both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body
of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners
as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the Learner:

Welcome to the Discipline and Ideas in the Social Sciences

Grade 11 Self-Learning Module (SLM) Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Structural
Functionalism!

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 The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used
to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands, we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is
capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at
your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

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 What’s More This comprises activities for independent
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
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4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

What I Need to Know

This learning topic is specially designed to provide you with the roads to
cooperative, collaborative, and independent learning of the target themes,
concepts, and competencies and will help us understand even further what
society is all about. Particularly, this module discusses one of the many
important theoretical frameworks of social science – The Structural
Functionalism.

In this module, you will be able to define structural-functionalism;

determine manifest and latent functions and dysfunctions of sociocultural
phenomena. (HUMSS_ DIS 11- IIIf-3).

Objectives

At the end of the module, the learners are expected to:

 differentiate social structure from social function.

 determine manifest and latent functions and dysfunctions of sociocultural
phenomena.
 acquire key concepts and approaches in the Social Sciences particularly in
the content of Structural-Functionalism.
 interpret personal and social experiences using relevant approaches in the
Social Sciences.

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 What I Know
This is a pre-test to assess how far your knowledge is all about the lesson.

Direction: Take a few minutes to answer this pre-test to find out how much
you already know about this topic. Read each item carefully.
I. Multiple Choices: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. A _____ problem is one whose causes and solutions lie outside the individual and the
immediate environment.
a. personal c. social
b. primary d. secondary

2. In thinking about the distinction between personal and social problems, we find that
the rate of child abuse has soared, affecting as many as 20 percent of children in our
society. We may well ask what has occurred to alter the _____________ of the family.
a. nature c. importance
b. institution d. significance

3. Which is an example of a latent function of a high school education system?

a. Granting students an educational credential in the form of a diploma.
b. Imparting knowledge to students in the subject history, math, science, social
studies, etc.
c. Teaching students how to complete assignments and tasks.
d. Building deep and lasting friendship with your peers that continue into adulthood.
4. What is manifest function of organized religion?
a. Development of your personal musical talents.
b. Provision of spiritual guidance to members.
c. Approval of abusive practices by leadership.
d. Development of social skills.
5. Newspapers and other print media create a major challenge: we dispose of millions of
copies of this material every day. This problem resulting from newspapers is an
example of what concept?
a. a latent function c. a manifest function
b. manifest dysfunction d. a latent manifest

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6. What is the difference between a social structure and a social function?
a. A social structure is a stable, routine-like pattern of interaction, and a social
function is any act or process that contributes to the maintenance of a social
system.
b. A social structure is a complex and interconnected machine, and a social
function is any act that contributes to the maintenance of a social system.
c. A social function is a complex and interconnected machine, and a social
structure is any act that contributes to the maintenance of a social
system.
d. A social function is a stable, routine-like pattern of interaction, and a social
structure is any act or process that contributes to the maintenance of a social
system.

7. Which of the following statements are true?

a. Structural functional theory uses a macro-level orientation.
b. Structural functional theory is focused on individual interactions in society.
c. Structural functional theory sees society as a complex and interconnected
machine.
d. both a and c

8. _____ are the behaviors associated with particular positions in the social structure.
a. roles c. values
b. norms d. institutions

9. Theories must be _________________________.

a. exclusively sociological c. issue driven
b. formulated prior to research d. based on pre-existing facts

10. Sociological research frequently focuses on

a. religious integration. c. globalization.
b. disadvantaged groups. d. immigration.

11. The birthplace of sociology is generally considered__________.

a. Australia c. the United States
b. Europe d. France

12. Which of the following was not a key development leading to the birth of sociology?
a. enlightenment/thinkers/ c. globalization
philosophers d. The Industrial Revolution
b. Renaissance thinkers/
philosophers

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13. Early American sociology was dominated by the _____________________ perspective.
a. psychodynamic c. symbolic interactionist
b. structural functionalist d. conflict

14. The fourth major perspective in sociology is _________________ theory.

a. feminist c. conflict
b. symbolic interactionist d. functionalist

15. In studying society, what is an example of a social issue?

a. teenage pregnancy c. criminality
b. unemployment d. All of the above

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 Lesson

3
Structural Functionalism

If there is one go-to, information we must know about society, that is, family is
the basic unit of society. Very easy and straight forward, is it not? Sure. Well, although
it is correct that family is the basic unit of society, it is nevertheless much more
complicated than just that.

The term society has been derived from the Latin word socius, which means
companion, association, or fellowship. This is no surprise, since we already know from
our Philosophy classes that every human person has the innate ability and need to
interact and associate himself with other beings. However, our society has gone
significant changes – from its primitive state to a more sophisticated one. Trying to
understand our society would obviously need an extra mile. We cannot limit our quest
to the notion of companion. For all we know, society deals with, among others, laws,
institutions, conflict, and norms.

What’s In

Previously, we have discussed the eight disciplines of social science as well

as their respective historical backgrounds. We have learned that in the study of society,
there are several distinct and unique subjects to consider in order to get a better
understanding of how society works. Thus, every time we try to analyze, dissect, and
deconstruct prevalent issues and problems in our society, we do not limit ourselves with
only one universal subject, but rather we can view and study our society through the
eight disciplines of social sciences, namely Anthropology, Economics, Geography,
History, Linguistics, Political Science, Psychology, Sociology and Demography.

Aside from learning the definition of social science, we have previously tackled
various key concepts particularly these two (2):
 Man as an individual being;
 Man as a social being.
Photo credit: Free Domain

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Activity A. Review of Knowledge and Skills (Individual work)

In 8.5x13 long bond paper, draw the things in any form like symbol, representation or
direct evidence you can recall when we compare and contrast the different social
sciences disciplines as mentioned below:

 Anthropology  Political Science

 Economics  Psychology
 Geography  Sociology
 History  Demography
 Linguistics

What’s New

Let us start the lesson by doing this activity.

Activity 1: Build a better World (Group work)

Photo credit: Free Domain

Instruction: On your cartolina or illustration board (whichever is available), you are

tasked to create, draw, or organize a community comprised of different institutions.
For each group, choose your representative to present your illustration in the class.
Be ready to explain why you choose the institutions and how do they function in the
community.

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 What Is It

Let us now try to analyze our activity, Build a better World. Below are series
of questions you must answer in the space provided below.

1. How did you find the activity?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. How did feel while doing the activity?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. How did you strcuture your community?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

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4. What did you prioritize in your choice of institution?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

5. How did the structures ‘’function’’ in the society?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

6. Have you ever heard of the Structural-Functionalism Theory?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
A short video clip to watch. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VyVplyOSji0.
The video provided here will enable us to examine the general overview of the topic.
An in-depth discussion on the subject matter will be followed.

Photo credit: Free Domain

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 Structural Functionalism is often a sociological theory that attempts to spell
out why society functions the way it is. It is a theoretical understanding regarding
society that posits cultural systems are collective means to fill social needs. In order for
social life to survive and acquire in society, there are many of activities that need to be
carried out to ensure certain needs usually are fulfilled.

According to the school of social science known as structural functionalism, each

of the institutions, relationships, roles, and norms, serves a purpose to the betterment
of community, and each is indispensable for the continued existence of the others and
of society as a whole. This theory postulated the existence of certain basic institutions
(including kinship relations and division of labor) that determine social behavior.
Because of their interrelated nature, a change in one institution will affect other
institutions.

The primary focus of the theory is the organization of society and the relationship
between broad social units. These broad units are also referred to as Institutions such
as government, education, family, healthcare, religion, and the economy. Institutions
are also patterns of beliefs and behaviors focused on meeting social needs within a
society or community.
Structural functionalism, or simply functionalism, is a framework for building
theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote
solidarity and stability. This approach looks at society through a macro-level
orientation, which is a broad focus on the social structures that shape society as a
whole, and believes that society has evolved like organisms. This approach looks at both
social structure and social functions.

Functionalism addresses society as a whole in terms of the function of its

constituent elements; namely norms, customs, traditions, and institutions. A common
analogy, popularized by Herbert Spencer, presents these parts of society as “organs”
that work toward the proper functioning of the “body” as a whole. In the most basic
terms, it simply emphasizes “the effort to impute, as rigorously as possible, to each
feature, custom, or practice, its effect on the functioning of a supposedly stable, cohesive
system”.

Photo credit: Free Domain

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 To further illustrate how the theory works, here is an example.

Each of the social institutions contributes important functions for society: family
provides a context for reproducing, nurturing, and socializing children. Education offers
a way to transmit a society’s skills, knowledge, and culture to its youth. Politics
provides a means of governing members of society. Economics provides for the
production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. In addition, religion
provides moral guidance and an outlet for worship of a higher power.

Under the Structural Functionalism theory, sociologist have identified

two (2) types of functions:

1. Manifest function - are consequences that are intended and commonly

recognized. It is the recognized and intended consequences of any social
pattern or institution.

2. Latent function - are consequences that are unintended and often

hidden. In contrast with manifest function, latent function refers to the
unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern or
institution.

For example, the manifest function of education is to transmit knowledge and

skills to society’s youth. However, public elementary schools also serve as babysitters
for employed parents, and colleges offer a place for young adults to meet potential mates.
The baby-sitting and mate-selection functions are not the intended or commonly
recognized functions of education; hence, they are latent functions.

Moreover, not all effects of social structure are good. There are also two (2) types
of dysfunction in relation to Structural Functionalism namely:

1. Manifest dysfunction – these are the expected disruption of social life.

2. Latent dysfunction – these are the unexpected disruption of social life.

For example, a manifest dysfunction of a festival might include disruptions of

transportation and excessive production of garbage. In such festival, there are social
issues left unnoticed like racism or harassment. For instance, only white people are
allowed entry on the festival is an example of a latent dysfunction.

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 What’s More
Let us do this exercise to improve our learning about this lesson.

Activity 2: Write what you can say about the following pictures below. Give the social
function of each social institution.

1. Family

2. Politics

3. Economy

4. Religion

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 5. Education

Activity 2: Write what you can say about the following pictures below. Give the social
function of each social institution.

Activity 3. Read and Analyze This!

Instructions: Read the passage carefully in order to answer what is asked in

the table below.

In the first quarter of the year 2020, the world was surprised by a global outbreak
of a type of corona virus known as covid19 that no one has ever seen before. By the
month of February, the World Health Organization (WHO) had officially declared the
outbreak in the pandemic category.

In response to Covid19 pandemic crises, many of the countries sanctioned tight

lockdown measures, as per advised by WHO. The Philippines took no hesitations to
adopt the same as a public health emergency of international concern with a very high
risk of spread and impact at the global level.

Based from the factual narrative about covid19 pandemic, complete the chart
below and give the manifest and latent functions as well as the dysfunction of the
government initiative of lockdowns (community quarantine).

Function Dysfunction

Manifest

Latent

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Activity 4. Give examples of Manifest and Latent functions as well as dysfunctions.

1. Religion

Manifest function _________________________________________________

Latent function ___________________________________________________
Manifest dysfunction ______________________________________________
Latent dysfunction ________________________________________________

2. Education

Manifest function _________________________________________________

Latent function ___________________________________________________
3. Media

Manifest function _________________________________________________

Latent function ___________________________________________________
Manifest dysfunction ______________________________________________
Latent dysfunction ________________________________________________

4. Hospitals

Manifest function _________________________________________________

Latent function ___________________________________________________
Manifest dysfunction ______________________________________________
Latent dysfunction ________________________________________________

5. Families

Manifest function _________________________________________________

Latent function ___________________________________________________
Manifest dysfunction ______________________________________________
Latent dysfunction ________________________________________________
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 What I Have Learned

To sum-up all the discussion you will recall your lesson by answering this
activity.

Generally, the Structural Functionalism as a theoretical position in the study of

society is centered on the notion that, in order to achieve balance and harmony between
social structure and social institutions, both need to function. From there, we can
carefully explain various social issues or phenomena in order for us to have a better
outlook of the circumstances affecting such social problem.
Now, let us try to complete the chart below to further process what we have
learned from the lesson.
Activity 5: Strengths vs. Weaknesses
Instruction: List down the strengths and weaknesses of this theory in the
scientific study of the society.

Weaknesses of Structural
Strengths of Structural Functionalism
Functionalism

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 What I Can Do

Activity 6: Let’s Analyze the Picture!

The social phenomenon of the COVID-19 as a pandemic has without a shed of
doubt, unfortunately, caught us unprepared causing massive and disruptive
repercussion in great proportions.

Photo credit: Free Domain

Assuming you are the sociologist solely tasked my make an analysist of what is
happening; create an essay highlighting the possible implications of social change
caused by the pandemic. Use the Structural Functionalism approach.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
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 Assessment

By answering this post-test activity, you will be going to find out how far is your
learning progress towards this lesson.
The social phenomenon of the covid19 as a pandemic has without a shed of doubt,
unfortunately, caught us unprepared causing massive and disruptive repercussion in
great proportions.

Multiple Choice: Write the letter that corresponds to the correct answer for each
question.

1. Who developed the theory of structural functionalism in the 19th century?

a. Emile Durkheim c. Robert Merton
b. Talcott Parsons d. None of these are correct

2. Social Science is ____________.

a. the study of people and their objectives in life
b. Scientific study of human society and social relationship
c. study of wild plants and animals
d. study of carbonated drinks

3. Structional Functionalism is also called ___________.

a. Conflict theory c. Social change
b. Functionalism d. Stop and frisk

4. In thinking about the distinction between personal and social problems, we find
that the rate of child abuse has soared, affecting as many as 20 percent of children
in our society. We may well ask what has occurred to alter the _____________ of the
family.
a. nature c. importance
b. institution d. significance

5. Which of the major theoretical perspectives in sociology stresses the importance of

knowing individuals' perspectives to understand their behavior?
a. structural-functionalism c. critical theory
b. conflict theory d. symbolic interactionism

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6. In structural-functionalism a problem involves a system of inter-dependent parts,
including each of the following EXCEPT:
a. attitudes c. institutions
b. norms d. roles

7. Which is an example of a latent function of a high school education system?

a. Granting students an educational credential in the form of a diploma.
b. Imparting knowledge to students in the subject history, math, science, social
studies, etc.
c. Teaching students how to complete assignments and tasks.
d. Building deep and lasting friendship with your peers that continue into
adulthood.

8. What is manifest function of organized religion?

a. Development of your personal musical talents.
b. Provision of spiritual guidance to members.
c. Approval of abusive practices by leadership.
d. Development of social skills.

9. The sociological framework that analyzes societies as a sum of its parts is known as
what?
a. Conflict Theory c. Structural Functionalism
b. Feminism d. Rational Choice Theory

10. What best describes the status of structural functionalism today?

a. It is largely discredited
b. It is only used by disadvantaged groups
c. It is widely accepted
d. It is the leading theory on social structure

11. Which theoretical perspective in sociology emphasizes the inter dependence of

component parts of society?
a. Structural Functionalism c. Symbolic Interactionism
b. Conflict d. Feminism

12. Sociology is well-equipped to uncover the truth about social problems because of
_____________________.
a. its desire to solve problems
b. its reliance on government funding
c. its emphasis on careful, reliable, empirical research
d. its theoretical grounding

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13. Which theoretical perspective in sociology emphasizes the inter-dependence of
component parts of society?
a. Conflict theory c. Symbolic interactionism
b. Structural functionalism d. None of these are correct

14. Schools are created for purposes of educating our children. The purpose of school
here is considered as ________.
a. Manifest function c. Manifest dysfunction
b. Latent function d. Latent dysfunction

15. Which of the following choices are considered as a social dysfunction?

a. Hospital taking care of patient suffering from Covid19
b. The recent Marawi Siege
c. The passing of a law by the Legislative branch of the government
d. The landing of the first person on the moon.

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 Additional Activity

Let’s do this activity to further assess your learning on this lesson.

Activity 7: Let’s Analyze the Picture! Individual Work

Photo credit: Free Domain

The above image is known as the ‘Hopi Ceremonial to call for rainfalls’. This
ancient religious ritual aims to bring abundant rain for agricultural benefits. Sociologist
would tend to explain this social gathering in light of manifest and latent functions.

Answer intelligently the following questions. Write your answers in the space
provided below.

1. Give the manifest function.

__________________________________________________________________________

2. Give the latent function.

__________________________________________________________________________

3. Suppose that the manifest function does not happen, is the ritual
considered useless? Why?

__________________________________________________________________________

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Activity 3. Read and Analyze This!
Manifest function - in order to flatten curve.
Manifest dysfunction - the economy will suffer.
Latent function - spending more time with your
family and love ones Activity 2. Give the social function of each social
institution.
Latent dysfunction - the idea and scope of how
unprepared we are. Scarcity of resources and the 1. Family - it socializes children, it provides emotional and
practical support for its members, it helps regulate sexual
possibility of social unrest, government shutdown,
activity and sexual reproduction, and it provides its members
institutional meltdown. And perhaps, death. with a social identity.
2. Politics - associated with making decisions in groups, or
other forms of power relations between individuals, such as
Activity 1: Review
the distribution of resources and creation of policies, statutes,
and laws to regulate the social as a whole.
1. Anthropology
 The study of human societies and cultures and their development.
 To increase our understanding of ourselves and of each other. 3. Economy - organizes a country's production, distribution
 James Frazer, Franz Boas, Margaret Mead, and consumption of goods and services. Economy fulfills
society's need for products, services and an organized system
2. Economics of distribution.
 The branch of knowledge concerned with the production, consumption,
and transfer of wealth.
 Is the study of how societies use scarce resources to produce valuable
4. Religion - Durkheim argued that religion is, in a sense, the
commodities and distribute them among different people celebration and even (self-) worship of human society.
 Karl Marx Durkheim proposed that religion has three major functions in
society: it provides social cohesion to help maintain social
3. Geography solidarity through shared rituals and beliefs, social control to
 The study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere, and
of human activity as it affects and is affected by these, including the
enforce religious-based morals and norms to help maintain
distribution of populations and resources, land use, and industries. conformity and control in society, and it offers meaning and
 I is the study of the environment as the home of people. It seeks to purpose to answer any existential questions.
interpret the world and how it changes over time – past, present, and
future. It explores the relationships and connections between people 5. Education - Primarily function as an agent of learning and
and both natural and cultural environments. teaching the youth the necessary skills, values, and knowledge
 Eratosthenes
so that the society can make use of such person. It performs
4. History the function of socializing the individual for a variety of social
 The study of man's past and his decisions in order to find relationships roles and development of personality.
between the events and causes for them.
 Can be evaluated through the study of historians and their audiences.
 Herbert Spencer
5. Linguistics
 The study of language and of the way language work.
 Looks into the development of language and how it affects relationship PRE-TEST
of people within the society
 Noam Chomsky, Ferdinand de Saussure, Edward Sapir
1. d
6. Political Science 2. b
 The branch of knowledge that deals with systems of government; the
analysis of political activity and behavior 3. d
 Its goal is to deepen human understanding of the forms and nature of 4. b
political action and to develop theoretical tools for interpreting
politically meaningful phenomena.
5. b
 Aristotle and Plato, Saint Thomas Aquinas, Machiavelli, John Locke, 6. a
7. Psychology
7. d
 The scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially 8. a
those affecting behavior in a given context. 9. d
 The four primary goals of psychology are to describe, explain, predict,
and change behavior of a person in the context of social relations. 10. b
 Sigmund Freud, B.F. Skinner, Willhelm Wundt, Ivan Pavlov, Carl Jung. 11. c
8. Sociology
12. b
 The study of the development, structure, and functioning of human 13. b
society. 14. b
 To study human social relationships and institutions they are into.
 Auguste Comte, 15. d
9. Demography
 The study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence
of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human
populations.
 To achieve knowledge about the size, composition, organization and
distribution of the population. To study the trend of population growth
Answer Key
which describes the past evolution present distribution and future
changes in the population of an area
 John Graunt
 POST TEST
1. a
2. b
3. b
4. b
5. a
6. a Activity 7. Hopi Ceremonial to call for
rainfalls
7. d Manifest function – a ceremonial ritual
8. b dedicated to divine deities intended to give
9. c rain in a form of divine intervention.
10. d Latent function – serves as a way for social
11. a gathering among tribesmen.
12. c
13. b Suppose that the manifest function does
14. a not happen, is the ritual considered
15. b useless? Why?
Answer: No, because such ceremonials are
a means by which collective expression is
Activity 4. Give Examples of Manifest and Latent afforded the sentiments, which, in a further
functions as well as dysfunctions. analysis, are found to be a basic source of
group unity. Through the systematic
1. Religion application of the concept of latent
Manifest function - so give spiritual guidance function, therefore, apparently irrational
Manifest dysfunction - corruption, interference to behavior may at times be found to be
civic affairs of the government positively functional for the group.
Latent function - social gathering bound by Operating with the concept of latent
compassion towards other function, we are not too quick to conclude
Latent dysfunction - terrorism that if an activity of a group does not
achieve its nominal purpose, then its
2. Education persistence can be described only as an
Manifest function - agents of learning and teaching instance of "inertia," "survival," or
for the society "manipulation by powerful subgroups in
Manifest dysfunction - bullying among students the society."
Latent function - social skills and building friends
and amassing network for young individuals
Latent dysfunction - killings, riots, suicide cases
among the students, selling of illegal substances
Activity 5. Strengths vs. Weaknesses
3. Media
Manifest function - freedom of expression and of Strengths
the press  discusses the macro level of
Manifest dysfunction - proliferation of unverified society in order to have a better
news or fake news and wider view of what is
Latent function - job opportunities
actually happening - thus
Latent dysfunction - taking advantage of the
understand more society
privilege of free press
 shows how society is
4. Hospitals interrelated
Manifest function - to give health care  provides harmonious view of
Manifest dysfunction - corruption, interference to society and the family
civic affairs of the government  stresses great importance of
Latent function - social gathering bound by family as the basic unit of
compassion towards other society
Latent dysfunction – terrorism
Weaknesses
5. Families  hegemony
Manifest function - provides love, care, protection,  does not encourage people to
belongingness, and social identity take
Manifest dysfunction - misunderstanding among  People tend to be complacent
family members
 Society are not critical about
Latent function - blended family, adherence to
things since they knew that all
social norms, selection of society role
they need to do is to function
Latent dysfunction - promotion of illicit conduct
such as prostitution, drug-related cases such as  neglects to discuss the micro
selling buying or using. level of society
References

Dela Cruz and et. Al. The Padayon Series. Disciplines and Ideas
in the Social Sciences. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. 2016.

Discipline and Ideas in the Social Sciences for Senior High School. Cherille V.
Siquete, Mindshapers Co.,Inc. 2016.

Feist, Feist, Roberts. Theories of Personality. 9th Ed. Mc Graw-Hill Education. © 2018
Ramos, Maria Lourdes. Personal Development: A Journey to Self-Awakening
for Senior High School: C & E Publishing, Inc. ©2017.

Curriculum Guide for Discipline and Ideas in Social Sciences. 2016

Online Sources
https://www.britannica.com/topic/social-science
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/natural-science
https://www.britannica.com/topic/humanities
 DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd – Division of General
Santos City with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal.
Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning Competencies
(MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all learners in General Santos
City in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The process of LR development was
observed in the production of this module. This is version 1.0. We highly encourage
feedback, comments, and recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

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