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Session 5

This document discusses topics in digital image processing including image enhancement techniques in the spatial domain such as convolution, properties of convolution, and halftoning. It covers convolution in continuous and discrete domains, commutative and associative properties, and separability. For halftoning, it describes thresholding, area-based approaches, pseudo grey levels, and Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion for converting images to bi-level images. It also lists two assignments on image enhancement and color to grey-level conversion.

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Noorullah Shariff
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
42 views

Session 5

This document discusses topics in digital image processing including image enhancement techniques in the spatial domain such as convolution, properties of convolution, and halftoning. It covers convolution in continuous and discrete domains, commutative and associative properties, and separability. For halftoning, it describes thresholding, area-based approaches, pseudo grey levels, and Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion for converting images to bi-level images. It also lists two assignments on image enhancement and color to grey-level conversion.

Uploaded by

Noorullah Shariff
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COL783: Digital Image Processing

Prem Kalra
[email protected]
http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783

Department of Computer Science and Engineering


Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Recap: Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain
Laplace Filter
Image Subtraction
Image Addition
Convolution
Half Toning

Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783


Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain
Convolution
1D Continuous Domain

1D Discrete Domain

Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783


Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain
Convolution: Properties

Commutativity
F*H=H*F

Associativity
(F*H1)*H2=F*(H1*H2)

Linearity
(s.F)*H=s.(F*H)
(F1+F2)*H=(F1*H)+(F2*H)
Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783
Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain
Convolution: Properties
Separability H=H1* H2* H3 * H4 ….. * Hm

F*H=F * (H1* H2* H3 * H4 ….. * Hm)

F*H=(…((F *H1)* H2) *….. * Hm)

Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783


Halftoning

Thresholding

Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783


Halftoning

Thresholding

plus random noise

Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783


Halftoning

Area based approach

Pseudo grey levels (quantization)

Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783


Halftoning

Floyed Steinberg Method


Error Diffusion

• Quantizes each pixel using a neighborhood operation, rather than a simple point
wise operation.
• Moves through image in raster order, quantizing the result, and “pushing” the
error forward.
• Can produce better quality images

Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783


Halftoning

Floyed Steinberg Method


Error Diffusion

Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783


Halftoning

Floyed Steinberg Method


Error Diffusion

Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783


Halftoning

Floyed Steinberg Method


Error Diffusion

Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783


Halftoning

Floyed Steinberg Method


Error Diffusion

Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783


Halftoning

Floyed Steinberg Method

Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783


Assignment 1

A: Image Enhancement

Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783


Assignment 1

B: Transfer color to grey level images

Digital Image Processing http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/~pkalra/col783

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