11 IV April 2023

https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.50784
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue IV Apr 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

Detection of Power Grid Synchronization Failure

on Sensing Frequency and Voltage Beyond
Acceptable Range
Chandrashekhar S. Hiwarkar1, Sahil Petkar2, Ritik Masram3, Divyam Lanjewar4, Akansha Bobade5
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
UG, Department of Electrical Engineering K.D.K College of Engineering, Nagpur

Abstract: Power grid synchronization is a critical aspect of icing the stability and trust-ability of the electrical grid. The proper
functioning of power grids relies on the synchronization of frequency and voltage across all connected factors. If a element
gets a synchronization failure, it can affect in wide power outages, outfit damage, and other serious consequences. In this
paper, we propose a system for detecting power grid synchronization failure grounded on the seeing of frequency and voltage
beyond respectable range. The system utilizes a real- time monitoring system to continuously measure frequency and voltage
across the grid, and it triggers an alarm when values fall outside of respectable ranges. We dissect the performance of the
system using simulation results. On the bases of simulation result, apply it on tackle to provides a dependable and effective
means for detecting power grid synchronization failure.
Keywords: Grid synchronization,voltage and frequency variation .

I. INTRODUCTION
Power grids are complex systems that involve the transfer of electrical energy over long distances. To insure the stability and
responsibility of these systems, the frequency and voltage of the electrical power must be accompanied across all factors of the
grid. When the frequency and voltage of a element diverge from the values present in the rest of the grid, it can affect in a
synchronization failure. These failures can beget wide power outages, outfit damage, and other serious consequences. As similar,
it's critical to descry synchronization failures as snappily as possible so that they can be addressed and averted from raising. The
detecting power grid synchronization failure system on seeing frequency or voltage beyond the respectable range is truly important
in that power generation systems, where different force sources are connecting analogous together for supplying the uninterruptible
power force to a single loaded machine bar. But for connecting the different force sources on a single machine bar there are some
limitations, such the voltage and frequency both should be same of the connecting power sources.

II. METHODOLOGY
To descry power grid synchronization failures, we propose a system grounded on the seeing of frequency and voltage beyond
respectable range. The system utilizes a real- time monitoring system to continuously measure frequency and voltage across the
grid. When the measured values fall outside of respectable ranges, the monitoring system triggers an alarm. This allows for quick
and effective discovery of synchronize

III. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP (BLOCK DIAGRAM)

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 2707
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue IV Apr 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

1) Transformer: In detecting power grid synchronization failure system on seeing frequence or voltage beyond the respectable
range, the motor is used for step down the ac voltages. It steps down the 220V ac into 12V.
2) Bridge Rectifier:- In detecting power grid synchronization failure system on seeing frequency or voltage beyond the
respectable range, the ground remedy is used for converting the ac voltages into dc voltages for supping the voltages to the
other electronics factors
3) Block Diode:-In this system, the blocking diode is used for block the hamper opposition current for saving the motor.
4) Voltage Regulator: In detecting power grid synchronization failure system on seeing frequency or voltage beyond the
respectable range, the voltage controller is used for regulating the dc voltages. also LM 7805 have been used for regulating the
12V dc into 5V dc.
5) LCD Display:- In detecting power grid synchronization failure system on seeing frequency
6) Voltage Detector: detecting power grid synchronization failure system on seeing frequency or voltage beyond the respectable
range, the voltage sensor is used for detecting the voltage of voltage or voltage beyond the respectable range, the TV display is
used for displaying the force frequency and voltages of different sources. It's connived with microcontroller and powered up
with 5V dc. source.
7) Frequency Sensor: In detecting power grid synchronization failure system on seeing frequency or voltage beyond the
respectable range, the frequency sensor is used for detecting the frequency of force source and functional amplifier is used for
this purposes.
8) Microcontroller PIC 18F452: In detecting power grid synchronization failure system on seeing frequency or voltage beyond
the respectable range, the microcontroller is used for the intelligent control of this system. It's powered up with 5V dc and is
connived with TV display and voltage, frequency sensors.
9) Alternate Source: In this system, the 555- timekeeper integrated circuit IC is used as an alternate source. The frequency is
changed by using this IC.
10) Relay: motorist In this system, the motorist IC is used for operating the weight relay and is connived with microcontroller..

IV. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 2708
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue IV Apr 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

Working of Circuit diagram

So basically the power will be of 3 phase from the actual power source now,the two parameters and analysis here first one is
frequency and second one voltage so if the voltage is ranges between +-5 v then the relay activate due to sensing of low or high
voltage and an abnormal condition arises so the tripping action is seen there ,as the rectangular led screen is provided so that the
parameters are seen there like variation in frequency and voltage of all the three phases. (RYB respectively ) .two sensing relays are
used here first one is ARMO-UFTR frequency relay and other one is SPAU 12 C relay is used against the protection for under and
over voltage and to sense all the parameter accordingly the microcontroller is used so that microprocessor isused

V. RESULTS
Following observation are made:

Voltage (V) LCD Display LAMP

Indication

<240 Low Voltage ON

240-250 Stable Voltage OFF

>250 High Voltage ON

Frequency(Hz) LCD Display LAMP

Indication
<48 Display frequency ON
48-52 Display frequency OFF
>52 Display frequency ON

We estimated the system under a variety of conditions, including both normal and failure scripts. The results showed that the
system is able of snappily and directly detecting synchronization failures. In addition, the results showed that the system is robust
and dependable, indeed in the presence of noise and other disturbances.

VI. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the proposed method for detecting power grid synchronization failure based on the sensing of frequency and voltage
beyond acceptable range provides a reliable and effective means for ensuring the stability and reliability of power grids. The results
of our simulation study demonstrate the performance and robustness of the method, and they provide evidence that it is a valuable
tool for preventing power outages and other serious consequences. With further refinement, this method has the potential to play a
virtual role in the ongoing efforts to modernize and improve power grid systems.

REFERENCES
[1] Shubhdeep Joshi,Tushar Parihar,Varun Kumar Shakya,”Detection of power grid synchronization failure on sensing frequency and voltage beyond acceptable
range”-International journal of advance research in electrical Engineering,Vol.6.
[2] Karan Gupta, Shreyas Gupta, Kummad Varma, Anil Singh, Abhimanou Shrmma,”Detection power grid synchronization failure on sendsing bad voltage or
frequency documentation”-Internationaljournal of Engineering research and general science,Vol.4.issue 2.
[3] Rohan Solanki,Divyesh Patel, Yuvraj Gharia,Daivik Sailor,BHumit Patel,Ashih Chaudhari,”Detection and protection of power grid synchronization failure ”-
International research Journal of Engineering and technology,Vol 3,Issue5.
[4] ].Nitin Dhama, Abhishek Gupta, Ajay Mundra, EktaRai, Shreya Singh, “Developing Islanding Arrangement Automatically For Grid on Sensing Voltage or
Frequency Beyond Range”-InternationalJournal of Engineering Research & Management Technology, Volume 2, Issue-2, March- 2015
[5] CH H S RAVI TEJA, “Analysis of GridSynchronisation Techniques for Distributed Generation system During Grid Abnormalities-June 2013.

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved | SJ Impact Factor 7.538 | ISRA Journal Impact Factor 7.894 | 2709