Mechanical Operations

Complete Course

GATE – 2022
 Year Marks Year Marks

2012 4 2017 5
Yearwise
marks 2013 6 2018 6
weightage for
Mechanical 2014 2 2019 3
Operation
2015 4 2020 1

2016 6 2021 4
Q.28. Calculate the surface volume mean diameter for the following particulate
material. Show detailed calculations :
Size range, μm Mass of particles in the range, gm
- 704 + 352 25
- 352 + 176 37.5
- 176 + 88 62.5
- 88 + 44 75
Pan 50
Q.104. Size analysis was carried out on a sample of gravel. The data for mass
fraction (xi) and average particle diameter (Dpt) of the fraction is given in the table
below :

The mass mean diameter of the sample to the nearest integer is mm.
Q.8. The power required to crush 100 tons / hr of a material is 179.8 kw, if 80%
of the feed passes through a 51 mm screen and 80% of the product passes
through a 3.2 mm screen, what is the work index of the material? GATE – 1991
Q.9. What will be the power required for the same feed at 100 tons/hr. to be crushed
to a product such that 80% is to pass through a 1.6 mm screen? GATE – 1991
Q.15. Particles of average feed size 25 x10-4 m are crushed to an average product
size of 5 x 10-4 m at the rate of 15 tons per hour. At this rate the crusher
consumes 32 kW of power of which 2 kW are required for running the mill
empty. What would be the power consumption if 10 tons per hour of this product
is further crushed 1 x 10-4 m size in the same mill? Assume that Ringer’s law is
applicable. GATE – 1992
Q.38. For crushing of solids, the Ringer’s law states that the work required for
crushing is proportional to
(A) the new surface created
(B) the size reduction ratio
(C) the change in volume due to crushing
(D) none of these GATE – 1997
Q.41. The work index in Bond’s law for crushing of solids has the following
dimensions
(A) No units (dimensionless)
(B) kWh / ton
(C) kW / ton
(D) kWh m½/ton GATE – 1998
Q.48. The energy required per unit mass to grind limestone particles of very
large size to 100 Mm is 12.7 kWh/ton. An estimate (using Bond’s Law) of the
energy to grind the particles from a very large size to 50 mm is
(A) 6.35 kWh/ton
(B) 9.0 kWh/ton
(C) 18 k Wh/ton
(D) 25.4 k Wh/ton GATE – 2001
Q.83. The power required for size reduction in crushing is

GATE – 2008
Q.95. 100 ton/h of a rock feed, of which 80% passed through a mesh size of 2.54 mm,
were reduced in size such that 80% of the crushed product passed through a mesh; size
of 1.27 mm. The power consumption was 100 kW. If 100 ton/h of the same material is
similarly crushed from a mesh size of 5.08 mm to a mesh size of 2.54 mm, the power
consumption (in kW, to the nearest integer) using Bond’s law, is _______ GATE – 2013
Q.1. In a gyratory crusher size reduction is effected primarily by:
(A) Compression
(B) Impact
(C) Attrition
(D) Cutting action GATE – 1990
Q.17. Match the following:

(I) Gyratory crusher (A) Shear force

(II) Hammer mill (B) Attrition
(III) Buhrstone mill (C) Compression force
(IV) Fluid energy mill (D) Impact GATE – 1993
Q.25. A fluid energy mill is used for :
(A) cutting
(B) grinding
(C) ultra grinding
(D) crushing GATE – 1995
Q.34. To produce talcum powder use –
(A) Ball mill
(B) Hammer mill
(C) Jet mill
(D) Pin mill GATE – 1996
Q.50. Arrange the following size reduction equipment in the decreasing order of
the average particle size produced by each of them.
(A) Jaw crusher, Ball mills, Fluid energy mills
(B) Ball mills, Jaw crusher, Fluid energy mills
(C) Fluid energy mills, Jaw crusher, Ball mills
(D) Fluid energy mills, Ball mills, Jaw crusher GATE – 2002
Q.51. What is the critical rotational speed, in revolutions per second, for a ball
mill of 1.2 m diameter charged with 70 mm diameter balls
(A) 0.5 (B) 1.0 (C) 2.76 (D) 0.66 GATE – 2002
Q.55. Energy requirement (per unit mass of material crushed/ground) is highest for
(A) Jaw crusher
(B) Rod mill
(C) Ball mill
(D) Fluid energy mill GATE – 2003
Q.67. The critical speed of the ball mill of radius R, which contains balls of radius r, is
proportional to
(A) (R – r)-0.5
(B) (R – r)-1
(C) (R – r)
(D) (R – r)2 GATE – 2005
Q.77. Size reduction of coarse hard solids using a crusher is accomplished by
(A) attrition
(B) compression
(C) cutting
(D) impact GATE – 2007
Q.88. The critical speed (revolutions per unit me) of a ball mill of radius R,
which uses balls of radius r, is

GATE – 2010
Q.96. In order to produce fine solid particles between 5 and 10 µm, the appropriate
size reducing equipment is
(A) fluid energy mill
(B) hammer mill
(C) jaw crusher
(D) smooth roll crusher GATE – 2014
Q.102. Which of the following is the correct sequence of equipment for size reduction of
solids ?

GATE – 2017
Q.106. Critical speed of a ball mill depends on
(A) the radius of the mill (shell) and the radius of the particles
(B) the radius of the mill (shell) and the density of the particles
(C) the radius of the balls and the radius of the particles
(D) the radius of the balls and the radius of the mill (shell) GATE – 2018
Q.108. In a roll crusher, rolls of diameter 1 m each are set in such a manner that
minimum clearance between the crushing surfaces is 15 mm. If the angle of nip is 31o,
the maximum diameter of the particle (in mm) which can be crushed is____________
(rounded off to third decimal place). GATE – 2018
Q.3. Two very small silica particles are settling at their respective terminal
velocities through a highly viscous oil column. If one particle is twice as large as
the other, the larger particle will take ………the time taken by the smallest
particle to fall through the same height. GATE – 1990
Q.4. A mixture of coal and sand particles having size smaller than 1x 10-4 m in
diameter is to be separated by screening and subsequent elutriation by water.
Recommend a screen aperture such that the oversize from the screen can be
separated completely into sand and coal particles by elutriation.
Calculate also the required water velocity. Assume that Stokes law is applicable.
Density of sand = 2650 kg/m3
Density of coal = 1350 kg/m3
Density of water = 1000 kg/m3
Viscosity of water = 1 x10-3 kg/m.s
g = 9.81 m/s GATE – 1990
Q.6. Fill in the blanks:

(i) The sphericity of a non-spherical particle is defined as the ratio of -------------------

to ------------------. The sphericity of cylindrical particle of diameter 3 mm and
length 3 mm is ---------------------.
(ii) The maximum diameter of a spherical sand particle (density 2850 kg /m3 ) that will
settle in the Stokes law region in water (density 1000 kg /m3 ), (Viscosity 0.001 kg
/m.s) is -----------------.
(iii) A vacuum leaf filter gives a total value of 10 m3 of filtrate of 30 minutes. If the
resistance of filter cloth is negligible, the time taken for the collection of 20 m3 of
filtrate is ----------------- minutes and for the collection of 30 m3 of filtrate is --------
-------- minutes.
(iv) For a two fold increase pressure the specific resistance of a filter cake increase by
_____________, if the compressibility coefficient is 0.5 and increases by
______________, if the compressibility coefficient is 0.8. GATE – 1991
Q.10. In a mixture of quartz (sp.gr. = 2.85) and galena ( sp.gr. = 7.5), the size of
the particles range from 0.0002 cm to 0.001 cm. On separation in a hydraulic
classifier using water under free settling conditions, what is the maximum size of
quartz and minimum of galena in pure products? (Viscosity = 0.001 kg/m.s,
density= 1000 kg/ m3 )? GATE – 1991
Q.11. A particle ‘A’ of diameter 10 microns settles in an oil of specific gravity
0.9 and viscosity 10 poise under Stokes law. A particle ‘B’ with diameter 20
microns settling in the same oil will have a settling velocity,
(A) Same as that of ‘A’
(B) One-fourth as that of ‘A’
(C) Twice as that of ‘A’
(D) Four times as that of ‘A’ GATE – 1992
Q.24. A particle attains its terminal settling velocity when –
(A) gravity force + drag force = buoyancy force
(B) gravity force – drag force = buoyancy force
(C) buoyancy force + drag force = gravity force
(D) drag force = buoyancy force GATE – 1995
Q.26. A suspension of uniform particles in water at a concentration of 500 kg of
solids per cubic meter of slurry is settling in a tank. Density of the particles is
2500 kg/m3 and terminal velocity of a single particle is 20 cm/s. What will be the
settling velocity of suspension? Richardson and Zaki index is 4.6.
(A) 20 cm/s
(B) 14.3 cm/s
(C) 7.16 cm/s
(D) 3.58 cm/s GATE – 1995
Q.30. A binary mixture of 100 mm size having densities of 2 gm/cm3 and 4
gm/cm3 is to be classified by elutriation technique using water. Estimate the range
of velocities that can do the job and recommend a suitable value. GATE – 1995
Q.33. Stokes equation is valid in the Reynolds number range –
(A) 0.01 to 0.1
(B) 0.1 to 2
(C) 2 to 10
(D) 10 to 100 GATE – 1996
Q.44. For a sphere falling in the constant drag coefficient regime, its terminal
velocity depends on its diameter (d) as

GATE – 2000
Q.60. For a particle settling in water at its terminal settling velocity, which of the
following is true ?
(A) buoyancy = weight + drag
(B) weight = buoyancy + drag
(C) drag = buoyancy + weight
(D) drag = weight GATE – 2004
Q.70. What is the terminal velocity in m/s, calculated from Stokes law, for a particle of
diameter 0.1 x 10-3 m, density 2l800 kg/m3 settling in water of density 1000 kg/m3 and
viscosity 10-3 kg/ms) ? (Assume g = 10 m/s2 )
(A) 2 x10-2
(B) 4 x10-3
(C) 10-2 J
(D) 8 x10-3 GATE – 2005
Q.84. Two identically sized spherical particles A and B having densities ρA and
ρB, respectively; are settling in a fluid of density ρ. Assuming free settling under
turbulent flow conditions, the ratio of the terminal settling velocity of particle A
to that of particle B is given by

GATE – 2008
Q.87. The terminal settling velocity of a 6 mm diameter glass sphere (density:
2500 kg/m3 ) in a viscous Newtonian liquid (density: 1500 kg/m3 ) is 100 μm/s.
If the particle Reynolds number is small and the value of acceleration due to
gravity is 9.81 m/s2 , then the viscosity of the liquid (in Pa.s) is
(A) 100 (B) 196.2 (C) 245.3 (D) 490.5 GATE – 2009
Q.89. Consider the following two cases of movement of particles. In Case I, the particle
moves along the positive y-direction and in Case II, the particle moves along negative y-
direction. Gravity acts along the positive y-direction. Which ONE of the following
options corresponds to thee CORRECT directions of buoyancy acting on the particles ?

(A) Positive y – direction for both the case

(B) Negative y – direction for Case I, positive y – direction for Case II
(C) Negative y – direction for both the cases
(D) Positive y – direction for Case I, negative y – direction for Case II GATE – 2011
Q.101. Consider a rigid solid sphere falling with a constant velocity in a fluid. The
following data are known at the conditions of interest: viscosity of the fluid = 0.1 Pa s,
acceleration due to gravity = 10 m s2 , density of the particle = 1180 kg m3 and density
of the fluid = 1000 kg m3 . The diameter (in mm, rounded off to the decimal place) of
the largest sphere that settles in the Stokes’ law regime (Reynolds number ≤ 0.1), is
________. GATE – 2016
Q.52. A sand mixture was screened through a standard 10-mesh screen. The mass
fraction of the oversize material in feed, overflow and underflow were found to be
0.38, 0.79 & 0.22 respectively. The screen effectiveness based on the oversize is
(A) 0.50 (B) 0.58 (C) 0.68 (D) 0.62
Q.76. In Tyler series, the ratio of the aperture size of a screen to that of the next
smaller screen is
(A) 1/ √2 (B) √2 (C) 1.5 (D) 2
Q.92. In the Tyler standard screen scale series, when the mesh number increases
from 3 mesh to 10 mesh, then
(A) the clear opening decreases,
(B) the clear opening increases,
(C) the clear opening is unchanged
(D) the wire diameter increases.
Q.93. Taking the acceleration due to gravity to be 10 m/s2 , the separation factor
of a cyclone 0.5 m in diameter and having a tangential velocity of 20 m/s near
the wall is
Q.99. In a cyclone separator used for separation of solid particles from a dust laden
gas, the separation factor is defined as the ratio of the centrifugal force to the
gravitational force acting on the particle. Sr denotes the separation factor at a
location (near the wall) that is at a radial distance r from the Centre of the cyclone.
Which one of the following statements is INCORRECT ?
(A) Sr depends on mass of the particle
(B) Sr depends on the acceleration due to gravity.
(C) Sr depends on tangential velocity of the particle.
(D) Sr depends on the radial location ( r ) of the particle.
Q.59. For a cyclone of diameter 0.2 m with a tangential velocity of 15 m/s at the wall,
the separation factor is
(A) 2250 (B) 1125 (C) 460 (D) 230
Q.90. The particle size distributions of the feed and collected solids (sampled for same
duration) for a gas cyclone are given below.

What is the collection efficiency (in PERCENTAGE) of the gas cyclone ?

(A) 31 (B) 60 (C) 65 (D) 69
Q.22. Particle of radius R and density ρs is moving radially out in a centrifuge.
The angular velocity of the centrifuge is w. The density and viscosity of the fluid
are r and m. It is expected that Stokes law for drag is valid. (See Fig).

Assuming that the particle moves only radially, derive an expression for the
radial velocity of the particle at any radial location r in the centrifuge.
Q.80. In the Stokes regime, the terminal velocity of particles for centrifugal sedimentation
is given by

where, ω : angular velocity; r : distance of the particle from the axis of rotation; ρp :
density of the particle; ρ : density of the fluid; dp : diameter of the particle and μ : viscosity
of the fluid. In a Bowl centrifugal classifier operating at 60 rpm with water (μ = 0.001
kg/m.s), the me taken for a particle (dp = 0.0001 m, sp.gr = 2.5) in seconds to traverse a
distance of 0.05 m from the liquid surface is

(A) 4.8 (B) 5.8 (C) 6.8 (D) 7.8

Q.69. A centrifuge of diameter 0.2 m in a pilot plant rotates at a speed of 50 Hz in
order to achieve effective separation. If this centrifuge is scaled up to a diameter of 1
m in the chemical plant, and the same separation factor is to be achieved, what is the
rotational speed of the scaled up centrifuge ?
(A) 15 Hz (B) 22.36 Hz (C) 30 Hz (D) 44.72 Hz
Q.63. A centrifugal filtration unit operating at a rotationalspeed of ω has inner surface
of the liquid (density ρL ) located at a radial distance R from the axis of rotation. The
thickness of the liquid film is δ and no cake is formed. The initial pressure drop during
filtration is
(A) ½ ω2 R2 ρL
(B) ½ ω2 δρL (2R + δ)
(C) ½ ω2 δ2 ρL
(D) ½ ω2 RρL (R + 2δ)
Q.18. For separating particles of different densities, the differential settling
method uses a liquid sorting medium of density.
(A) intermediate between those of the light and the heavy once
(B) less than that of either one
(C) greater than that of either one
(D) of any arbitraryvalue GATE – 1993
Q.58. Match the systems in Group I with equipment used to separate them in Group II

Group I Group II
P. gas – solid 1. filter press
Q. liquid – liquid 2. cyclone
3. decanter
4. thickener
(A) P-1,Q-2
(B) P-2, Q-3
(C) P-3, Q-4
(D) P-4, Q-1 GATE – 2004
Q.23. Jigging is a technique by which different particles can be –
(A) separated by particle size
(B) separated by particle density
(C) separated by particle shape
(D) mixed GATE – 1995
Q.94. In the elutriation leg of a commercial crystallizer containing a mixture of course and
very fine crystals of the same material, a liquid is pumped vertically upward. The liquid
velocity is adjusted such that it is slightly lower than the terminal velocity of the coarse
crystals only. Hence
(A) the very fine and coarse crystals will both be carried upward by the liquid
(B) the very fine and coarse crystals will both settle at the bottom of the tube
(C) the very fine crystals will be carried upward and the coarse crystals will settle
(D)the coarse crystals will be carried upward and the very fine crystals will settle GATE – 2013
Q.61. In constant pressure filtration,
(A) resistance decreases with time
(B) rate of filtration is constant
(C) rate of filtration increases with time
(D) rate of filtration decreases with time
Q.14. During washing of filter at the end of constant pressure filtration, the rate
of washing equals the
(A) rate of filtration at time zero
(B) rate of filtration at the end of filtration
(C) rate of filtration when half the filtrate has been obtained
(D) rate of filtration at the end of filtration , but decreases with me subsequently
Q.78. In constant pressure filtration, the rate of filtration follows the relation (v :
filtrate volume, t : time, k and c : constants).
Q.82. For laminar flow conditions, the relationship between the pressure drop
(ΔPc ) across an incompressible filter cake and the specific surface area (So) of
the particles being filtered in given by ONE of the following :
(A) ΔPc is proportional to So
(B) ΔPc is proportional to 1/So
(C) ΔPc is proportional to So2
(D) ΔPc is proportional to 1/So2
Q.73. Afiltration is conducted at constant pressure to recover solids from dilute slurry.
To reduce the time of filtration, the solids concentration in the feed slurry is increased
by evaporating half the solvent. If the resistance of the filter medium is negligible, the
filtration time will be reduced by a factor of
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 8
Q.6. Fill in the blanks:

(i) A vacuum leaf filter gives a total value of 10 m3 of filtrate of 30 minutes. If the
resistance of filter cloth is negligible, the time taken for the collection of 20 m3 of
filtrate is ----------------- minutes and for the collection of 30 m3 of filtrate is --------
-------- minutes.
(ii) For a two fold increase pressure the specific resistance of a filter cake increase by
, if the compressibility coefficient is 0.5 and increases by
, if the compressibility coefficient is 0.8.
Q.49. The volumetric flow rate during constant pressure filtration is where V is
the total volume of filtrate collected in me t, and Kc and qo are constants.

(a) Integrate the above equation to obtain a relation between V and t

(b) Make a sketch of t/V versus V from your results
(c) Given V = 1.0 litre at t = 41.3s and V = 2.0 liter at t = 108.3s findKc.
Q.5. A filtration is carried out for 10 min at a constant rate in a leaf filter and
there after it is continued at constant pressure which is attained at the end of the
constant rate period. If one quarter of the total value of the filtrate is collected
during the constant rate period. What is the total filtration time? Assume that the
cake is incompressible and that the filter medium resistance is negligible.
Q.16. A filter press contains 20 frames, each of 0.6 m by 0.6 m inside dimension.
The frames are 0.025 m thick. The press is equipped with 1-button and 3-button
plates for washing. The volume of wash water used to 10% of the filtrate per
cycle. The time required for filtering, at constant pressure, is 2 hours by which
me the frames are full. Washing is done at the same pressure as filtering and the
velocity wash water is nearly the same as that of the filtrate. What is the time for
washing? There is 0.05 m3 of final cake per m3 of filtrate. Neglect the resistance
of the filter medium.
Q.20. A constant pressure filtration test gave data that can fit an expression,

(t = seconds, V = liters ). If the resistance of filter medium is assumed unaffected

with pressure drop and the compressibility coefficient of the filter cake is 0.3.
what will be the me taken for the collection of 3.5 litres of filtrates at a filtration
pressure twice that used in the test?
Q.29. A pressure filter is operated in the constant rate mode to yield 10 m3 in the
first ten minutes, as the operating pressure increases from zero. In the next 20
minutes the filtration was continued at constant pressure, after which it was
stopped. Estimate the total volume of filtrate obtained during filtration.
Q.54. In a filtration process, if V is the volume of filtrate collected in time t, a general
relationship can be given as

where a is the specific cake resistance, Rm is the filter medium resistance, A is the filter area,
c is the concentration of solids in the slurry, M is the viscosity of the filtrate and ^P is the
overall pressure drop.
(a) Filtration experiments were carried out at a constant pressure drop on a slurry containing
20 kg/m3 of CaCO3 in water. The data obtained from the plots of t/V vs V at two
different pressure drops are given in the table below :
Pressure drop (N/m2 ) Slope (s/liter2 ) Intercept (s/liter)
5 x 104 12.5 26.5
35 x 104 3.5 6.9
If the filter area is 0.09 m2 and the viscosity of the filtrate is 0.001 kg/m s, determine the
specific cake resistance and the filter medium resistance corresponding to each pressure
drop.
(b) Determine from the above data whether the cake is compressible ?
Q.57. The basic filtration equation is given as

Where V is volume of the filtrate, A is the filtration area; a is specific cake resistance,
m is viscosity of the filtrate, and C is the concentration of solids in the feed slurry. In a
20 min. constant rate filtration, 5 m3 of filtrate was obtained. If this is followed by a
constant pressure filtration, how much more me in minutes will it take for another 5
m3 of filtrate to be produced ? Neglect filter medium resistance, Rm, assume
incompressible cake
(A) 10 (B) 20 (C) 25 (D) 30
Q.97. A typical batch filtration cycle consists of filtration followed by washing.One
such filtration unit operating at constant pressure difference first filters a slurry
during which 5 liters of filtrate is collected in 100 s. This is followed by washing,
which is done for tW seconds and uses 1 liter of wash water. Assume the following
relation to be applicable between the applied pressure drop ΔP, cake thickness L at
time t, and volume of liquid V collected in time t :

; L = k2V, if L is changing

k1 and k2 can be taken to be constant during filtration and washing. The wash me tW,
in seconds (up to one decimal place), is
Q.31. A small model reactor is to be built for scale up studies of the behavior of a
proposed large industrial stirred tank reactor having 1000 times capacity. The
bigger unit of 2 m diameter will have a liquid depth of 2 m. This will be fitted
with a four bladed Rushton turbine of 0.6 m diameter.
(i) Estimate the dimensions of the smaller unit.
(ii) For the optimum stirrer speed of 330 rpm observed in the smaller model,
what will be the recommended speed in the industrial unit under the
following conditions :
(a) Power per unit volume is kept constant
(b) Reynolds number does not change
(iii) What design criteria would you recommended for this type of study.
Q.27. In an agitated vessel baffles are used to suppress
Q.19. At very low r.p.m (NRe less than 5), the power required for agitation is
proportional to
(A) D
(B) D2
(C) D3
(D) D5
where ‘D’ is the diameter of the impellor.
Q.21. For geometrical similar baffled stirred tanks, the power number is known
remain constant at high Reynolds Number.
(a) Let P be the power supplied per unit volume of the fluid, N the revolutions
per second of the agitator, r the density of the fluid, m the viscosity of fluid,
and D the diameter of the impeller. Then determine a, b, g and d in the
following equation:
P = Na rb mg Dd
(b) What is the effect of Froude Number of P?
Q.43. For a turbine agitated and baffled tank, operating at low Reynolds
number(based on impeller diameter) , the Power number (Np) varies with NRe as
Q.47. The Power number for a stirred tank becomes constant at high Reynolds
number. In this limit, the variation of power input with impeller rotational speed
(N) is proportional to
(A) N0 (B) N1 (C) N2 (D) N3
Q.53. The power required to stir water (density = 1000 kg/m3 , viscosity = 0.001
kg/m s) in a laboratory experiment with the impeller (diameter = 5 cm, blade
width = 1 cm) rotating at 5 rpm is 10-2 W. Consider an industrial stirred vessel
where a fluid (density = 900 kg/m3 , viscosity = 0.184 kg/m s) has to be stirred at
1 rpm using an impeller of 1.6 m diameter and 0.32 m blade width.
(a) Show that the laboratory experiment and industrial vessel are geometrically
and dynamically similar.
(b) Estimate the power requirements of the industrial vessel.
Q.62. To keep the power input constant for a stirred vessel operating under fully
developed turbulent flow conditions (constant power number), if the impeller diameter
is increased by 20%, the impeller speed should be decreased by a factor of
(A) (1.2) 3/2 (B) (1.2) 3/5 (C) (1.2) 2/3 (D) (1.2) 5/3
Q.68. If the frequency of the stirrer in a mixing tank is increased by a factor of 2 while
all other parameters are kept constant, by what factor is the power requirement
increased at high Reynolds number ?
(A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 16 (D) 32
Q.74. The mixing of rubber latex solution was studied in an unbaffled mixer in the
laboratory. The mixer was equipped with a six blade turbine impeller. A tire company
scales this process up using a baffled tank. The baffled tank has 3 times the diameter
of the lab scale mixer. It uses the same type of impeller operated at the same speed.
The relevant shape factors are also the same. Assuming that laminar conditions prevail
in both cases, the power requirement in the industrial scale mixer.
(A) is 3 times that of the lab scale mixer
(B) is 9 times that of the lab scale mixer
(C) is 27 times that of the lab scale mixer
(D) cannot be estimated reliably due to the presence of baffles.
Q.85. Consider the scale-up of a cylindrical baffled vessel configured to have the
standard geometry (i.e. Height = Diameter). In order to maintain an equal rate of mass
transfer under turbulent conditions for a Newtonian fluid, the ratio of the agitator
speeds should be
(Given N1 , D1 are agitator speed and vessel diameter before scale-up; N2 , D2 agitator
speed and vessel diameter after scale-up)
Q.86. For a mixing tank operating in the laminar regime, the power number
varies with the Reynolds number (Re) as
(A) Re –1/2
(B) Re 1/2
(C) Re
(D) Re -1
Q.91. In a mixing tank operating at very high Reynolds number (> 104 ), if the
diameter of the impeller is doubled (other conditions remaining constant), the
power required increases by a factor of
(A) 1/32 (B) 1/4 (C) 4 (D) 32
Q.100. An agitated cylindrical vessel is fitted with baffles and flat place impellers. He
power for this system is given by; where P is the power consumed for the mixing, ρ is
the density of the fluid, n is the speed of the impeller and D is the diameter of the
impeller. The diameter of the impeller is 1/3rd the diameter of the tank and the height
level is equal to the tank diameter. The impeller speed to achieve the desired degree of
mixing is 4 rpm. In a scaled up design, the linear dimensions of the equipment are to
be doubled, holding the power input per unit volume constant. Assuming the liquid to
be Newtonian and Np to be independent of Reynolds number, what is the impeller
speed (in rpm) to achieve the same degree of mixing in the scaled up vessel ?
(A) 0.13 (B) 1.26 (C) 2.52 (D) 3.82
Q.103. A propeller (diameter D = 15 m) rotates at N = 1 revolution per second (rps).
To understand the flow around the propeller, a lab scale model is made. Important
parameters to study the flow are velocity of the propeller, up (V = πND), diameter D
and acceleration due to gravity (g). The lab-scale model is 1/100th of the size of the
actual propeller. The rotation speed of the lab-scale model, to the nearest integer,
should be rps.