43 Must/have to, mustn’t/don’t have to 1 We use must when the speaker thinks it is 4 wecarive necessary or important to do an action: Note the difference in meaning between You must go. (= It is important that you go.) mustn’t and don’t have to. ‘We make negatives, questions and short In negative sentences we often use mustn't to answers like this: say that something is against the rules, or You mustn’t go. against the law: Must you go? ~ Yes, I must. You mustn’t smoke on buses. (Smoking is against the rules.) 2 We use have to to talk about an action that is In football you mustn't touch the ball with necessary because of rules or laws, or because your hands. (Touching the ball is against someone obliges us to do it the rules.) Doctors sometimes have to work on Sunday. (It isin the rules of thelr work) We use don’t have to to say that people are not obliged to do something: ‘We make negatives, questions and short In Britain, people don't have to carry a answers with a form of do: passport with them, (= People are not Teachers don’t have to work on Sunday. obliged to carry one.) Do you have to work today? ~ No, I don't. Nowadays pupils do not have to learn Latin at school, (= They are not obliged to 3. PosITive learn it.) In positive sentences we can often use must and have to with little difference in meaning, 5 questions because many things are important both In questions we usually use do/does ... have because we think so and because there are to (Nor must) to ask if something is rules: obligatory or important: You must work hard in order to succeed Does Michael have to get up early tomorrow? (or ... you have to work... ). Do we have to wait here? Practice | A The Stanton Squash Club has decided that it is important for all club members to do these things: wear sports shoes and clean clothes have a shower pay before you play finish on time | But these things are not allowed: disturb other players eat or drink outside the bar take club balls home Put have to, don’t have to or mustn't in the gaps. > You don't have to . wear white clothes, but you ‘wear sports shoes. » You | . disturb other players, but you 4: be silent. 1 You . . finish on time, but you .... . start on time. 2 You. .... play with club balls, but if you do, you... . take them home 3 You. . eat or drink outside the bar, but you . buy your food in the bar if you don't want to. A YOU veccesesssssssseseseeee Mave a Shower, and You . wear clean clothes. PAGE 4+ MODAL VERBSB Look at the signs and complete the sentences with don't have to or mustn't. ANTIQUES Please feel free to come in. (No eating inside.) > You don't have to > You ! go in. . eat inside. Entry possible) 30 minutes | before the concert. ; No late arrivals arrive half an hour early. . arrive late. n You .... allowed. no J Ee eC perder cs Small vehicles Peer Drivers of large vehicles . guard before crossing. . cross alone. STUDEMTSS Please be quiet ~ 4th-year exam make a noise, 5 Students .. 6 Third-year students . take the exam. | in progress. LIBRARY ) Noalking | 7 You..... talk in the library. Please leave books | 8 You put the books back on the shelves. on tables. SWIMMING POOL . Coenen Swimmers ... No eating. Swimmers ... eens .. Pay today. . eat or drink by the pool. C Put the words in the box in the gaps. Don't add any other words. Does she haveto has shehas must mustn't have does she Mark: We (>) have Bob: Why? Mark: Have you forgotten? Angela (1)... promised we would help her. to get up early tomorrow. ... to move to a new flat tomorrow, and | Bob: (2)... .. have to move out by a particular time? Mark: No, there’s no rush. She doesn't (3)............... leave her old flat before the afternoon, but there are lots of things that (4).... to pack, so we (5)... get there fairly early. Bob: Why (6)... Mark: She said that | (7). she sees you tomorrow. have to move, by the way? . tell you because she wants to tell you herself, when MODAL VERBS + PAGE 95