CCNA – Semester 2

Chapter 5: RIP version 1

CCNA Exploration version 4.0

Objectives

• Describe the functions, characteristics, and operation

of the RIPv1 protocol.
• Configure a device for using RIPv1.
• Verify proper RIPv1 operation.
• Describe how RIPv1 performs automatic
summarization.
• Configure, verify, and troubleshoot default routes
propagated in a routed network implementing RIPv1.
• Use recommended techniques to solve problems
related to RIPv1

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 RIPv1: Distance Vector,
Classful Routing Protocol

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RIPv1

• RIP Characteristics
– A classful, Distance Vector (DV) routing protocol
– Metric = hop count
– Routes with a hop count > 15 are unreachable
– Updates are broadcast every 30 seconds

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RIP Message Format

• RIP header - divided

into 3 fields
– Command field
– Version field
– Must be zero
• Route Entry -
composed of 3 fields
– Address family
identifier
– IP address
– Metric

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RIPv1 Message

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RIP Operation
• RIP uses 2 message types:
 Request message
• This is sent out on startup by each RIP enabled
interface
• Requests all RIP enabled neighbors to send
routing table
 Response message
• Message sent to requesting router containing
routing table

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RIPv1

a) b)

c)

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RIPv1

• IP addresses initially divided

into classes
– Class A
– Class B
– Class C
• RIP is a classful routing
protocol
– Does not send subnet
masks in routing updates

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Administrative Distance
• RIP’s default administrative
distance is 120. When
compared to other interior
gateway protocols, RIP is the
least-preferred routing
protocol. IS-IS, OSPF, IGRP,
and EIGRP all have lower
default AD values.

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Basic RIPv1 Configuration

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Basic RIPv1 Configuration

• A typical topology
suitable for use by RIPv1
includes:
– Three router set up
– No PCs attached to
LANs
– Use of 5 different IP
subnets

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Basic RIPv1 Configuration
• Router RIP Command
• To enable RIP enter:
– Router rip at the global configuration prompt
– Prompt will look like R1(config-router)#

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Specifying Networks

• Use the network command to:

• Router(config-router)#network directly-
connected-classful-network-address
• Enable RIP on all interfaces that belong to this network
• Advertise this network in RIP updates sent to other
routers every 30 seconds
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Verification and Troubleshooting

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Verifying RIP: show ip route

• To verify and troubleshoot

routing
• Use the following
commands:
– show ip route
– show ip protocols
– debug ip rip

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Verifying RIP: show ip protocols

• show ip protocols
command:
– RIP routing is
configured
– The correct interfaces
send and receive RIP
updates
– The router advertises
the correct networks
– RIP neighbors are
sending updates

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Verifying RIP: debug ip rip
• Used to display RIP routing updates as they are
happening

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Passive interfaces
• Used to prevent a router from sending updates through an
interface:
– Example:
Router(config-router)#passive-interface FastEthernet 0/0

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Passive interfaces

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Remove RIP

• Configuration Details
– To remove the RIP routing process use the following
command
Router(config)#no router rip
– To check the configuration use the following command
router#show running-config
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Automatic Summarization

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Automatic Summarization
• Modified Topology
• The original scenario has been
modified such that:
– Three classful networks are
used:
172.30.0.0/16
192.168.4.0/24
192.168.5.0/24
– The 172.30.0.0/16 network is
subnetted into three subnets:
172.30.1.0/24
172.30.2.0/24
172.30.3.0/24
– The following devices are part of
the 172.30.0.0/16 classful
network address:
• All interfaces on R1
• S0/0/0 and Fa0/0 on R2 23
Automatic Summarization
• Boundary Routers
• RIP automatically summarizes classful networks
• Boundary routers summarize RIP subnets from one
major network to another.

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Processing RIP Updates

• 2 rules govern RIPv1 updates:

– If a routing update and the
interface it’s received on belong
to the same network then the
subnet mask of the interface is
applied to the network in the
routing update
– If a routing update and the
interface it’s received on belong
to a different network then the
classful subnet mask of the
network is applied to the
network in the routing update.

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Sending RIP Updates
• RIP uses automatic summarization to reduce the size
of a routing table.

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Advantages of Automatic Summarization

• The size of routing

updates is reduced
• Single routes are used to
represent multiple routes
which results in faster
lookup in the routing table.

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Disadvantages of Automatic Summarization
• Does not support discontiguous networks

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Disadvantages of Automatic Summarization

• Discontiguous
Topologies do not
converge with RIPv1
• A router will only
advertise major
network addresses out
interfaces that do not
belong to the
advertised route.

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Default Route and RIPv1

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Default Route and RIPv1

• Modified Topology: Scenario C

• Default routes
– Packets that are not defined specifically in a routing table will go to
the specified interface for the default route
– Example: Customer routers use default routes to connect to an ISP
router.
– Command used to configure a default route is
– ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/0/1
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Default Route and RIPv1

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Default Route and RIPv1
• Propagating the Default Route in RIPv1
• Default-information originate command
– This command is used to specify that the router is
to originate default information, by propagating the
static default route in RIP update.

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Summary

• RIP characteristics include:

– Classful, distance vector routing protocol
– Metric is Hop Count
– Does not support VLSM or discontiguous subnets
– Updates every 30 seconds
• Rip messages are encapsulated in a UDP segment with
source and destination ports of 520

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Summary: Commands used by RIP
Command Command’s purpose

Rtr(config)#router rip Enables RIP routing process

Rtr(config-router)#network Associates a network with a RIP routing process

Rtr#debug ip rip used to view real time RIP routing updates

Rtr(config-router)#passive-interface fa0/0 Prevent RIP updates from going out an interface

Rtr(config-router)#default-information originate Used by RIP to propagate default routes

Rtr#show ip protocols Used to display timers used by RIP

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