Scribd
Upload
37 views21 pages

Slope Deflection Method Statically Indeterminate Beams and Frames Week 6: Lessons 16-18

The document discusses the slope-deflection method for analyzing statically indeterminate beams and frames. It provides an overview of the method, including: 1) The method relates unknown slopes and deflections to applied loads by satisfying requirements of equilibrium, load-displacement, and compatibility of displacements. 2) It accounts for flexural deformations while ignoring axial and shear deformations, with unknowns being rotations and joint displacements. 3) Simultaneous equations relating member end moments to rotations are derived and solved to determine loads and displacements.

Uploaded by

lengs Simz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
37 views21 pages

Slope Deflection Method Statically Indeterminate Beams and Frames Week 6: Lessons 16-18

The document discusses the slope-deflection method for analyzing statically indeterminate beams and frames. It provides an overview of the method, including: 1) The method relates unknown slopes and deflections to applied loads by satisfying requirements of equilibrium, load-displacement, and compatibility of displacements. 2) It accounts for flexural deformations while ignoring axial and shear deformations, with unknowns being rotations and joint displacements. 3) Simultaneous equations relating member end moments to rotations are derived and solved to determine loads and displacements.

Uploaded by

lengs Simz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

Slope Deflection Method

Statically Indeterminate Beams and


Frames

Week 6: Lessons 16-18


(Secs. 10.1 & 10.5, Structural analysis)

Engineering | EyobuNjineli | Ingenieurswese


Slope-deflection method

Focus
• Overview of equations
• Slope deflection method w.r.t. statically indeterminate beams
• Slope deflection method w.r.t. statically indeterminate frames
without sway
• Slope deflection method w.r.t. statically indeterminate frames
with sway

Engineering | EyobuNjineli | Ingenieurswese


Slope-deflection method

• As a structural engineer, safety of structures is fundamental

• 3 requirements are necessary for all structures to satisfy


✓Equilibrium
✓Load-displacement
✓Compatibility of displacements

Engineering | EyobuNjineli | Ingenieurswese


Slope-deflection method

• To satisfy these requirements, analysis is pursued in 2 ways

✓ Force method of analysis – express displmt. in terms of load


using P-Δ relations. Solutions yield reactions and equil. eqns.
are then used to determine other reactions.

✓ Displacement method of analysis – opposite to force method.


Requires equil. eqns. to be satisfied. Unknown displmts. are
defined in terms of load using P-Δrelations. Then, displmts. are
obtained from which loads are then determined.

Engineering | EyobuNjineli | Ingenieurswese


Slope-deflection method

Notes on the θ- Δ method


• Flexural deformations is accounted for, while axial and shear
deformations are ignored.
• The unknowns are the rotations and the relative joint
displacements.
• To determine the end moments at the joints, simultaneous
equations must be solved.
• Variables in the equations are rotations, joint displacements,
stiffness, and lengths of members.
Engineering | EyobuNjineli | Ingenieurswese
Slope-deflection method

• Flexural deformations is accounted for, while axial and shear


deformations are ignored.

• The unknowns are the rotations and the relative joint displacements.

• To determine the end moments at the joints, simultaneous equations


must be solved.

• Variables in the equations are rotations, joint displacements,


stiffness, and lengths of members.
Engineering | EyobuNjineli | Ingenieurswese
Slope-deflection method

• Degrees of freedom (DOF) – point that can undergo unknown


displacement in a loaded structure

• The points are called nodes, e.g. joints, supports, ends of a


member or where a member changes x-section

• No. of the unknown displacement is referred to as the degree of


the kinematic indeterminacy

Engineering | EyobuNjineli | Ingenieurswese


Slope-deflection method

• In 3D, maximum of 3 linear displacements and 3 rotational


displacements

• In 2D, 2 linear displacements and 1 rotational


displacement occur in each node

• However, nodal displacement can be


restricted by the supports
Engineering | EyobuNjineli | Ingenieurswese
Slope-deflection method

• Propped cantilever beam (a)


➢ 1 DOF = KI to 1st degree

• Overhanging beam (b)


➢ 4 DOF = KI to 4th degree

• Frame (c)
➢3 DOF = KI to 3rd degree

Note that axial deformation is


neglected in all 3 cases
Engineering | EyobuNjineli | Ingenieurswese
Slope-deflection method

Goal of concept of KI
• In applying the displacement method of analysis, specifying the
number of the unconstrained DoF is the first step

• If nodal displacement are known, the deformation of the


structural members can be completely specified

• Then, the loadings within the members can be obtained


Engineering | EyobuNjineli | Ingenieurswese
Slope-deflection method
Derivation of the Slope-Deflection Equations
• It relates unknown slopes and deflection to applied load on a
structure

Fig. 1.1: The beam

Engineering | EyobuNjineli | Ingenieurswese


Slope-deflection method
Derivation of the Slope-Deflection Equations

• Rotations at the joints can be expressed as

• ……. (1)
• ……. (2) chord

where and = end rotations caused by MAB and MBA


ψ = chord rotation caused by settlement of end B

Engineering | EyobuNjineli | Ingenieurswese


Slope-deflection method
Derivation of the Slope-Deflection Equations
• From the moment-area theorem,
change in slope = end shear force
of beam when loaded with M/EI
diagram.

• Thus, for the case at hand, the


rotation and are obtained
as

Fig. 1.2: End moments due to rotations


and
………. (3)
Engineering | EyobuNjineli | Ingenieurswese
Slope-deflection method
Derivation of the Slope-Deflection Equations

▪ Similarly, taking moment about A to determ ine

………. (4)

Solving equations (3) and (4), we have

………. (5)
Fig. 1.1: The beam
………. (6)
Engineering | EyobuNjineli | Ingenieurswese
Slope-deflection method
Derivation of the Slope-Deflection Equations

Engineering | EyobuNjineli | Ingenieurswese


Slope-deflection method
Derivation of the Slope-Deflection Equations

• The final end moments can then be


computed as the summation of the
moments caused by slopes, deflections, MFAB MFBA
and fixed-end moments, as follows:
Fig. 1.4: End moments due to end rotations
.. (11) ( and ) and chord rotation (ψ) and
fixed end moments (MFAB and MFBA)

where K is the stiffness factor given as

𝐼
𝐾=
𝐿

Engineering | EyobuNjineli | Ingenieurswese


Slope-deflection method
Derivation of the Slope-Deflection Equations
Modification for pin-supported end span
• For beams or frames with a pin
or roller end support, the analysis is
usually modified as it reduces compu-
tational work. Fig. 1.5: Propped cantilever beam

For the beam shown, the end moments are

….. (12)

….. (13)

Solving Eqn (13) for θB and substituting into (12) gives

….. (14)
Engineering | EyobuNjineli | Ingenieurswese
Slope-deflection method
Derivation of the Slope-Deflection Equations
Analysis of indeterminate beams and non-sway frames
• Determine the FEMs for the members of the beam.

• Determine the rotations of the chord if there is any support settlement.

• Write the slope-deflection equation for the members’ end moments in


terms of unknown rotations.

• Write the equilibrium equations at each joint that is free to rotate in


terms of the end moments of members connected at that joint.
Engineering | EyobuNjineli | Ingenieurswese
Slope-deflection method
Derivation of the Slope-Deflection Equations
Analysis of indeterminate beams and non-sway frames
• Solve the system of equations obtained simultaneously to determine the
unknown joint rotations.

• Substitute the computed joint rotations into the equations obtained in step 3 to
determine the members’ end moments.

• Draw a free-body diagram of the indeterminate beams indicating the end


moments at the joint.

• Draw the shearing force diagrams of the beam by considering the free-body
diagram of each span of the beam in the case of a multi-span structure.
Engineering | EyobuNjineli | Ingenieurswese
Slope-deflection method
Analysis of frame without sidesway

• A frame will not sidesway, or displaced to the left or right if

➢ properly restrained against


sidesway

➢ unrestrained but symmetric


w.r.t. loading and geometry

Engineering | EyobuNjineli | Ingenieurswese


Slope-deflection method
Procedure for analysis
Analysis of frames with side-sway
• Consider the frame shown. Due to
asymmetrical application of loads,
lateral displacement will occur
to the right at B & C.

• This will cause chord rotations


in columns AB and DC.

• This effect must be


accounted for in the slope-deflection equations.
Engineering | EyobuNjineli | Ingenieurswese

You might also like