MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019 will show an increasing trend closing in on this

statistic.
MODULE 15
Cloud storage and sharing is a popular trend many
INFORMATION SHEET FN - 15.1.1 companies have adopted and even implemented for
employee interaction. A company-wide network will
“Current Trends and Emerging Technologies”
help businesses save on information technology
Overview infrastructure. Cloud services will also extend
internal functions to gain revenue. Organizations
Information technology is an industry on the rise, that offer cloud services will market these for
and business structure, job growth, and emerging external products and continue their momentum.
technology will all shift in the coming years. Current
trends are improving and presenting new functions Organizations will transfer their stored files across
in fields like medicine, entertainment, business, multiple sources using virtualization. Companies are
education, marketing, law enforcement, and more. already using this level of virtualization, but will
Still, other much-anticipated technology is only now further embrace it in the year to come. Less
coming on the scene. installation across company computers is another
positive result of cloud computing because the
Innovations in IT change internal company Internet allows direct access to shared technology
processes, but they are also altering the way and information. The freedom of new products and
customers experience purchasing and support — not services makes cloud computing a growing trend.
to mention basic practices in life, like locking up your
home, visiting the doctor, and storing files. The
following trends in information technology are b. Mobile Computing and Applications
crucial areas to watch in 2019 and viable
considerations that could influence your future Mobile phones, tablets, and other devices have
career choices. taken both the business world and the personal
realm by storm. Mobile usage and the number of
Current Trends in Information Technology applications generated have both skyrocketed in
recent years. Now, 77 percent of Americans own
The latest technology methods and best practices of smartphones — a 35 percent increase since 2011.
2019 will primarily stem from current trends in Pew Research Center also shows using phones for
information technology. Advancements in IT systems online use has increased and fewer individuals use
relate to what the industry is leaning toward or traditional Internet services like broadband.
disregarding now. Information technology is
advancing so rapidly that new developments are Experts project mobile traffic to increase even
quickly replacing current projections. further in 2019, and mobile applications, consumer
capabilities, and payment options will be necessary
a. Cloud Computing for businesses. The fastest-growing companies have
already established their mobile websites,
Cloud computing is a network of resources a
marketing, and apps for maximized security and
company can access, and this method of using a
user-friendliness. Cloud apps are also available for
digital drive increases the efficiency of organizations.
companies to use for on-the-go capabilities.
Instead of local storage on computer hard drives,
companies will be freeing their space and conserving
funds. According to Forbes, 83 percent of enterprise
workloads will be in the cloud by 2020, which means
 c. Big Data Analytics Emerging Trends in Information Technology

Big data is a trend that allows businesses to analyze Trends in information technology emerging in 2019
extensive sets of information to achieve variety in are new and innovative ways for the industry to
increasing volumes and growth of velocity. Big data grow. These movements in information technology
has a high return on investment that boosts the are the areas expected to generate revenue and
productivity of marketing campaigns, due to its increase demand for IT jobs. Pay attention to these
ability to enable high-functioning processing. Data technological changes and unique products that
mining is a way companies can predict growth enhance business operations.
opportunities and achieve future success.
Examination of data to understand markets and a. Artificial Intelligence and Smart Machines
strategies is becoming more manageable with
 What is Artificial Intelligence? According to
advances in data analytic programs.
Encyclopedia, Artificial intelligence (AI), is
This practice in information technology can be the ability of a digital computer or
observed for its potential in data management computer controlled robot to perform tasks
positions for optimal organizations. Database commonly associated with intelligent
maintenance is a growing sector of technology beings. The term is frequently applied to
careers. To convert various leads into paying the project of developing systems endowed
customers, big data is an essential trend to continue with the intellectual processes
following in 2019. characteristic of humans, such as the ability
to reason, discover meaning, generalize, or
d. Automation learn from past experience.

Another current trend in the IT industry is

automated processes. Automated processes can
collect information from vendors, customers, and
other documentation. Automated processes that
check invoices and other accounts-payable aspects
expedite customer interactions. Machine processes
can automate repetitive manual tasks, rather than
assigning them to employees. This increases
organization-wide productivity, allowing employees
to use their valuable time wisely, rather than wasting
it on tedious work. Automation can even produce Artificial Intelligence, or AI, has already received a lot
more job opportunities for IT professionals trained in of buzz in recent years, but it continues to be a trend
supporting, programming, and developing to watch because its effects on how we live, work,
automated processes. Machine learning can and play are only in the early stages. In addition,
enhance these automated processes for a other branches of AI have developed, including
continually developing system. Automated processes Machine Learning, which we will go into below. AI
for the future will extend to groceries and other refers to computer systems built to mimic human
automatic payment methods to streamline the intelligence and perform tasks such as recognition of
consumer experience. images, speech or patterns, and decision making. AI
can do these tasks faster and more accurately than
humans.
Five out of six Americans use AI services in one form b. Virtual Reality
or another every day, including navigation apps,
streaming services, smartphone personal assistants, Virtual reality (VR), the use of computer modeling
ride-sharing apps, home personal assistants, and and simulation that enables a person to interact with
smart home devices. In addition to consumer use, AI an artificial three-dimensional (3-D) visual or other
is used to schedule trains, assess business risk, sensory environment. VR applications immerse the
predict maintenance, and improve energy efficiency, user in a computer-generated environment that
among many other money-saving tasks. simulates reality through the use of interactive
devices, which send and receive information and are
In fact, Artificial intelligence are already being used worn as goggles, headsets, gloves, or body suits. In a
in different organization to help solve problems such typical VR format, a user wearing a helmet with a
as AI face recognition is beginning to help with stereoscopic screen views animated images of a
missing people reports, and it even helps identify simulated environment. The illusion of “being there”
individuals for criminal investigations when cameras (telepresence) is effected by motion sensors that
have captured their images. According to the pick up the user’s movements and adjust the view
National Institute of Standards and Technology, face on the screen accordingly, usually in real time (the
recognition is most effective when AI systems and instant the user’s movement takes place). Thus, a
forensic facial recognition experts’ team up. AI will user can tour a simulated suite of rooms,
continue to promote safety for citizens in the future experiencing changing viewpoints and perspectives
as software improvements shape these applications. that are convincingly related to his own head
turnings and steps. Wearing data gloves equipped
Medical AI is another trend that reflects surprising with force-feedback devices that provide the
success. Given patient information and risk factors, sensation of touch, the user can even pick up and
AI systems can anticipate the outcome of treatment manipulate objects that he sees in the virtual
and even estimate the length of a hospital visit. environment.
Deep learning is one way AI technology gets applied
to health records to find the likelihood of a patient’s Virtual Reality’s most immediately-recognizable
recovery and even mortality. Experts evaluate data component is the head-mounted display (HMD).
to discover patterns in the patient’s age, condition, Human beings are visual creatures, and display
records, and more. technology is often the single biggest difference
between immersive Virtual Reality systems and
Home AI systems are also increasingly popular to traditional user interfaces.
expedite daily tasks like listening to tunes, asking for
restaurant hours, getting directions, and even
sending messages. Many problem-solving AI tools
also help in the workplace, and the helpfulness of
this technology will continue to progress in 2020.

Figure 1.3 CAVE automatic virtual environment

 c. Augmented Reality

For instance, CAVE automatic virtual environments Augmented reality is a more versatile and practical
actively display virtual content onto room-sized version of virtual reality, as it does not fully immerse
screens. While they are fun for people in universities individuals in an experience. Augmented reality
and big labs, consumer and industrial wearable’s are features interactive scenarios that enhance the real
the Wild West. world with images and sounds that create an altered
experience. The most common current applications
With a multiplicity of emerging hardware and of this overlay of digital images on the surrounding
software options, the future of wearables is environment include the recent Pokémon Go fad.
unfolding but yet unknown. Concepts such as the
HTC Vive Pro Eye, Oculus Quest and Playstation VR
are leading the way, but there are also players like
Google, Apple, Samsung, Lenovo and others who
may surprise the industry with new levels of
immersion and usability. Whomever comes out
ahead, the simplicity of buying a helmet-sized device
that can work in a living-room, office, or factory floor
has made HMDs center stage when it comes to
Virtual Reality technologies.

As it happens, phones and tablets are the way

augmented reality gets into most people's lives. One
of the most popular ways AR has infiltrated everyday
life is through mobile games. In 2016, the AR game
"Pokémon Go" became a sensation worldwide, with
over 100 million estimated users at its peak,
according to CNET. It ended up making more than $2
billion and counting, according to Forbes. The game
Whilst VR is known for transforming the gaming and allowed users to see Pokémon characters bouncing
entertainment industry in particular, with consoles around in their own town. The goal was to capture
and handhelds adapting their games for VR the these pocket monsters using your smartphone
gaming experience has been utterly transformed and camera, and then use them to battle others, locally,
improved all around. The connection between game in AR gyms.
and player becomes far closer as gamers are
completely immersed into their own gaming world. Another app called Layar uses the smartphone's GPS and
its camera to collect information about the user's
VR is also beginning to revolutionize other industries surroundings. It then displays information about nearby
such as healthcare, retail and education, which is restaurants, stores and points of interest.
already aiding tasks in the sectors, from helping
patients with anxiety relax, and helping students Augmented reality can impact many industries in useful
learn more by experiencing what they are being ways. Airports are implementing augmented-reality
educated on. guides to help people get through their checks and
terminals as quickly and efficiently as possible. Retail and
cosmetics are also using augmented reality to let
customers test products, and furniture stores are using
this mode to lay out new interior design options.
This doesn't mean that phones and tablets will be responsibility to certain employees or management
the only venue for AR. Research continues apace on staff. For transaction purposes, block chain data
including AR functionality in contact lenses, and offers a safe and straightforward way to do business
other wearable devices. The ultimate goal of with suppliers and customers. Private data is
augmented reality is to create a convenient and particularly secure with block chain systems, and the
natural immersion, so there's a sense that phones medical and information technology industries can
and tablets will get replaced, though it isn't clear benefit equally from added protection.
what those replacements will be. Even glasses might
take on a new form, as "smart glasses" are e. Internet of Things
developed for blind people.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging
Like any new technology, AR has a lot of political and movement of products with integrated Wi-Fi and
ethical issues. Google Glass, for example, raised network connectivity abilities. Cars, homes,
privacy concerns. Some worried that conversations appliances, and other products can now connect to
might be surreptitiously recorded or pictures the Internet, making activities around the home and
snapped, or thought that they might be identified by on the road an enhanced experience. Use of IoT
face recognition software. AR glasses, contacts and allows people to turn on music hands-free with a
more, like the Glass - X and Google Lens, though, are simple command, or lock and unlock their doors
moving ahead in production and sales. even from a distance.

The possibilities for augmented reality in the future Many of these functions are helping organizations in
revolve around mobile applications and health care customer interaction, responses, confirmations, and
solutions. Careers in mobile app development and payments. Remote collection of data assists
design will be abundant, and information technology companies the most. IoT almost acts like a digital
professionals can put their expertise to use in these personal assistant. The intelligent features of some
interactive experiences. of these IoT products can aid in many company
procedures. Voice recognition and command
d. Block chain Data responses will allow you to access stored data on
cloud services.
Block chain data, like the new crypto currency Bit
coin, is a secure method that will continue to grow in IoT enriches the IT industry, especially in job
popularity and use in 2019. This system allows you creation. Within the next few years, IoTrelated
to input additional data without changing, replacing, careers will increase, and there will be a need for
or deleting anything. In the influx of shared data 200,000 additional IT workers, according to IT Pro
systems like cloud storage and resources, protecting Today. Design, troubleshooting, and support of IoT
original data without losing important information is products need extensive training and a specific set of
crucial. skills.

Block chain in simple terms is a system of recording f. 5G

information in a way that makes it difficult or
impossible to change, hack, or cheat the system. A 5G is the 5th generation mobile network. It is a new
block chain is essentially a digital ledger of global wireless standard after 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G
transactions that is duplicated and distributed across networks. 5G enables a new kind of network that is
the entire network of computer systems on the designed to connect virtually everyone and
block chain. everything together including machines, objects, and
devices.
The authority of many parties keeps the data
accounted for without turning over too much
5G wireless technology is meant to deliver higher SELF-CHECK FN - 15.2.1
multi-Gbps peak data speeds, ultra low latency,
more reliability, massive network capacity, increased A. Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.
availability, and a more uniform user experience to
1. __________________ is a trend that allows
more users. Higher performance and improved
businesses to analyze extensive sets of
efficiency empower new user experiences and
information to achieve variety in increasing
connects new industries.
volumes and growth of velocity.
5G is a unified, more capable air interface. It has
2. __________________ has already received
been designed with an extended capacity to enable
a lot of buzz in recent years, but it continues
next-generation user experiences, empower new
to be a trend to watch because its effects
deployment models and deliver new services. With
on how we live, work, and play are only in
high speeds, superior reliability and negligible
the early stages.
latency, 5G will expand the mobile ecosystem into
new realms. 5G will impact every industry, making 3. __________________ the use of computer
safer transportation, remote healthcare, precision modeling and simulation that enables a
agriculture, digitized logistics — and more — a person to interact with an artificial three-
reality. dimensional (3-D) visual or other sensory
environment.
Broadly speaking, 5G is used across three main types
of connected services, including enhanced mobile 4. __________________ is a network of
broadband, mission-critical communications, and the resources a company can access, and this
massive IoT. A defining capability of 5G is that it is method of using a digital drive increases the
designed for forward compatibility—the ability to efficiency of organizations.
flexibly support future services that are unknown
today. 5. __________________ can collect
information from vendors, customers, and
Enhanced mobile broadband In addition to making other documentation.
our smartphones better, 5G mobile technology can
usher in new immersive experiences such as VR and SELF-CHECK ANSWER KEY FN - 15.2.1
AR with faster, more uniform data rates, lower
1. Big Data Analytics.
latency, and lower costper-bit.
2. Artificial Intelligence or AI.

3. Virtual reality (VR).

Mission-critical communications. 5G can enable
new services that can transform industries with 4. Cloud Computing.
ultra-reliable, available, low-latency links like remote
control of critical infrastructure, vehicles, and 5. Automated processes.
medical procedures. Massive IoT.

5G is meant to seamlessly connect a massive

number of embedded sensors in virtually everything
through the ability to scale down in data rates,
power, and mobility—providing extremely lean and
low-cost connectivity solutions.