RANKERS : STUDY MATERIAL |. Cee ee ieee ee Ss 2019 - 2021 and 2017-2021 (Phase - III) MATHEMATICS a MAIN & ADVANCED, 2021 CORRESPONDENCE PROGRAMS TWO YEAR | FOUR YEAR Proaression and SeriesCONTENTS JEE Syllabus Arithmetic Progression Geometric Progression Arithmetico - Geometric Progression Harmonic Progression Miscellaneous Progressions Inequalities . Answers to exercises Points to Ponder Solved Problems Assignment Problems Answers to Assignment ProblemsPROGRESSION & SERIES Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic progressions, sums. of arithmetic and ‘geometric progressions, infinite geometric series of finite sums, sums of the squares and cubes of the first n natural numbers. Definition: A sequence (progression) is a set of numbers in a definite order with a definite rule of obtaining the numbers. Ce SSO TT Definition: An AP. is a sequence whose terms increase.or decrease by a fixed number, called the common difference of the AP. n™ Term and Sum of n Terms: {f a is the first term and d the common difference, the A.P. can be written a6 a, 2+ d, a+ 2d, .... The n!” term ay is given by ay = a + (n ~ 1)d. The sum So the fist ‘terms of such an AP. is given by S, (a +1) where / is the last term (ie. the nth term of the AP.). Notes: : = If a fixed number is added (subtracted) to each term of a given AP. theri the resulting sequence is also an A.P. with the same common difference as that of the given A.P. = ff each term of an A.P. is ‘multiplied by a fixed number (say k) (or divided by a non-zero fixed number), the resulting sequence is also an AP. with the common difference ‘multiplied by k (or divided by same non-zero fixes nuriber ki. fay, 22, @s...nd by, Bp, by...ar@ two A.P.'s with common differences d and d' respectively then aj#by, aztbp, astbs,..i8 also an A.P. with common difference d+ di. = If we have to take three terms in an AP, it is convenient to take them as a ~ d, a, a +d. In general, we take'a - 10, @-(f-1)d,..-d,a,a+d....a + rd in case we have to. take (2r + 1) terms in an A.P (so that after addition ‘' vanishes). = If wo have to take four terms, we take a - 3d, a- d, a+ d, a+ 3d. In general, we take a-(2r- 1)d, a-(2r- 3)d,...a— 4, a + d,...a (2r- 1)d, in case we have to take 2r terms in an AP {80 that after addition ‘¢' vanishes) Heat, @2, a9; dq BFE I ALP., then ay + a5 = 82 4 ans = Ay + Apa on Bk +An-i 1 ANG SO ON. =” fn” term of any sequence is 4 linear expression inn, then the sequence is an AP, whose ‘common difference is the coefficient of n (-" Ts = dn + (a ~d)). % {Cum of n terms of any sequence isa quadratic inn, whose Constant term is zero, then the sequence is an AP, whose common difference is twice the cooficient of mf the conetant "term is non-zero, then itis an A.P. from seond term ‘onwards. BHF 85, 82).dq 48 AN AP then 2%, 8 con @™ pon? 0) 182 GU oo ‘Mopecoum Copalions Prt Ltd, 7, atu Sera, Survapriva Vihar, Naw Dall “120 O17, Email: enquirypmepacosmcopniiora om ‘Website wore. megecosmcognitions.com2 RSM~1921+1721-P3-MA_Progression & Series & If {4}is an AP, then the common difference, d, is given by d= —'s | gen), p-q! Arithmetic Mean(s}: If three terms are in AP., then the middle term is called the arithmetic mean (A.M) between the other two Le. Ifa, b, care in AP. then b=2*° js the AM. of a and c. if ay, @, a ar@-n numbers. then the arithmetic mean’ (A) of these numbers is Ba May 409 45 Hone By) = The n numbers Ay, Ae...Ay are said fo be AMS between the numbers @ and b if 2,'A;, PosnBa,b ate in AP. IF ds the common difference ofthis AP. then b= a +(n+2—1)d £©=8) yore Ais the f mean net Mlustration 7. Let {tp is an A.P. If t= 20, t, = q, =p, find the value of m such that sum of the frst m torms of the AP. is zero. Soluti Given, ty = 20,4, t4=P t, :. Common difference, d = let S_=0 > F[2(20)+(m-1)(-4)]=0 + 4o-m+t=0- moat, Mustration 2. Find the numberof terms in the series 20, 19%, 182, ... of which the sum fs 300, expan the double answer. . Solution: Clearly here a= 20, d= ~2 Let S, = 300 »[S]exavet-n(-2)) «0 \2, 3) Simplifying n’ — 61n + 900 = 0 => n = 25 0r 36, Since common difference is negative and Sx = S35 = 300, it shows that the sum of the last eleven terms i.€. Tas) Tar, nes Ta 18 Zer0. Mustration 3. 2 arithmetic means are insorted in’ between x and 2y and then between 2x and y. In case the rth mean in each case be equal, thom ind the ratio Solution: ! Let AP 66 8, 4, Xa, Koy D . 7 ‘WegaCaem Cognlons Prt. at 87, Kale eral Sevapriya Vitae Now bail 120 O17, Emails enachyOmagaCosmcOzRNionscom Website! wnw.mepacoemcopiions.om ARSM-1921+1721_P3_MA-Progression & Series 3 beTyatat ine tydaed= 28 ; . Peer aed eee eco \ net at Nos WW, putting a = x and b = 2y and then again put a = 2x and b = y and equate the results as the two means are equal Momr4)+2y _2xdn—re tyr x net nit y nord ‘mustration 4. Prove that in any arithmetic progression, whose common difterence is not equal to zero, the product of two terms equidistant from the extreme terms is the greater the closer these ferms ‘are to the middle term. Solution: Let { a, } be the A.P., a,’ be the k” term from the end % al =[a,+(k-1)d][a, ~(k-1)d] = aya, ~(k~1)° 0? + (k 1) (a, a4) = aa, -(K-1P + (kn Py = a 3 ay + F [(K-1)(0-1)-(K-AP | = 2,9, +8 (K-A)(n-t) It is enough, if we prove P, = (k= 10K) nereasing with an increase in K from to % are ant = (¢ANAARY, Pas = K(k 1) Poor ~ P= 92k = Po? Puifn2k> Ole. if k-< 5. If the angles of a triangle are in A.P. and tangent of the smallest angle is 1 then find all the angles of the triangle. ay, ag ay, 24 4s, a, are in A.P., then prove that the system of equations an + ay = ay, aux + ay = an's consistent. Let S, denote the sum upto n terms of an AP. HS, = 0’P and S,=m'P, where m,n and p are positive integers and mn, then find S,. If 5, S and Ss; are the sum of first n, 2n, 3n ferms respectively of an arithmetical progression, then show that S3= 3(s:— 1). m. 2m-4 Let ay, az as (a? - 2, zm bean A.P. Prove that )\(-1)" "a? = a CTS ET SST TS Definition: A GP. is a sequence whose first term. is non-zero and each ofivihose sucteeding ‘eens is'r times the preceding term, where r is some fixed non-zero number, known as the cornmon ratio of the G.P. ~ \ "Magacosm Cagittons Pr Ld, 67, Kalu Sarat, Sarvapriva Vibar, New Daltl 140 O17, Emall: enquicy@megacooMcopnitOns cod Website | wnewmogacosmensnlions 20%4 RSM_1921+1721-P3-MA-Progression & Series << —_ eee Progression & Series. nth Term and Sum of n Terms: If'a’is the first term and ‘r the common ratio, then G.P. can be written as a, ar, ar’, ... the nth term ‘a,’ is given by a, = ar™"..The sum S, ofthe first n terms of the GP. is ar" red = na Hf-1 0, VI < N), then logay, logar, logas... Is an AP. The converse is also true. 19-2) = If (&yis @ GP. then the common ratio, r, is given by r= ) (b.qeNpeq). Geometric Means: If three terms are in G.P., then the middle term is called the geometric:mean (G.M.) between the two. So if a,b,c are in G.P. then b= Jac is the geometric mean of a and. = If a, a, .., @q aFe positive numbers then their G.M (G) is given by G = (ayazae....aq)"". If Gy, Gy,...Gq are n geometric means between a and b then a, Gi, G2, ..., Gy b will be a GP. Hereb=ar'*! and by in are mis Galt) where G, the r' mean, a a : Mustration 5. Let ay, az, ay... is a G.P. If 2 and 5 are two geometric means inserted in between a, and ar, find the product of first 10 terms of the G.P. Solution: . a4, 2, 5, ay forma GP. = aay = 2x 5= 10 sous #1 84 2 Qs... = (81 B10)(@2 Ae) (Bs 9) (84 a7) (As As) = (24 ar)’ = 10° Mlustration 6. Prove that the numbers 49, 4489, 444889, .... (obtained by inserting 48 into the middle of the preceding numbers) are squares of integers. ne \ ' ‘Hegacosm Copations bv La, 57, Kaki Sara), Sarvapriya Vibar, New Dall 110 017,mall: enquiry @mogaccamcognliona.com Website‘ www mepacoemcognltions.camRSM~1921+1721-P3-MA-Progression & Series 8 Solution: : ‘As we observe in T; = 444889, 4 is 3 times, 6 is 2 times and 8 only once at units’ place always. We have, T, = 444...4888....89 Itis obvious that 4 is repeated n times and Now, wie can write T, as Ta = OH(Bx1O+B1O7 BAO Net 4x10" et 4 x 101) 8010" 1) | 4x10°(10" 1) 10-1 10-1 repeated (n — 1) times and 9 is in units place. =9+ = FIB1 + 80 « 10°00 + 4s 10 — 4 10 Hence each Ty is the square of an integer since 2x10" + 1 is divisible by 3 as the sum of digits in numerator is always divisible by 3. eg. forn=1, 2, 3, ...., Numerator = 21, 201, 2001, 20001, ...each divisible by 3, ‘Mustration 7. If three successive terms of a G.P form the sides of a triangle then show that common ratio ¥ satis the inequality 1(J8 1) a (assuming 0 P4r-1> 0 (sincea>0) = a+ a(- | 0 ote ao l Consider r21 then atar >a? >P?-+-1 <0 (rt 7-18) 2g . rar 2 ats tb @ Hence the result, ie 1 Altematively: From (1) if ris replaced by — then y= By + (G0 ay) + (2a ~ A) tot (QA) ‘Since the terms within the brackets are either in an A.P. or in a G.P., we can find the value of a,, the rn” term. We can now find the sum of the n terms of the sequence as S =)’ a, Mustration 11. Find the sum of n terms of the series 3+ 7 + 14+ 24+ 37 + Solution: Clearly here the differences between thé successive terms ere 78,14 = 7, 24 = 44, on. 18.4, 7, 40, 18, ny Which are i AP 80, LetS= 3474144244... +T, S= 8474144 Tat Te Subtracting, we-get O=3+(447+ 10+ 13+ ...... (n—1) terms]—Th \ : =3+S,10f an AP whose a=4 and d= 3. \ “Fiegncoam Cognttions Prt. ti, 57, Koa Sara, Sorvapriva Vihar, Now Dethl 10 G17, Smal F enquiry @magacosmcopalions com Website tw mepacoemcogeltions.com "or, T, ras98 ("Ste 4n-200* Seo thane 2 Fen? 04) 10 RSM-1821+1721_P3-MA-Progression & Series | { Now putting n= 1, 2, 3, and adding 2 Se Site —an ape }fMOHMEN 089 ao] B G2 ny = Tofind t+tet tet tet nutty LetS.= tte th ttt tty Let A ty, At, Abs Abs (1 order difference ) AP a%, a 4°41 ( 2" order difference ) Then t= t+ ™1C1A ty + Cri + FIC ‘The result can be proved using mathematica! induction Mustration 12. . Find the sum of series 3 + 8 + 22+ 72+ 266 + 1036+ Solution: 1" difference 5, 14, 60, 194, 770, 2” difference 9, 36, 144, 576, ‘They are in G.P whose nth term is ar”! = a4"~* Ty of the given series will be of the form Trsad"'+bnte—Ty=atb+o=3 Ta=4a+ 24028 16a + 3b +¢= 22 Solving we have a= 1, Trea" 4 2n Sq = 54"! + 250 = 1/3(4" — 1) 4 n(n + 1). =2,c=0, Sores Find the sum of Ist n terms of the series'3, 6, 15, 42, 123, Let S, denote the sum of firstn terms of the sequence 1, 6, 14, 30,55, then prove that Sq—S)_1= Zn’. | Find the sum of n terms and infinitely many terms of the series 3,5 7, 9 PP +2! +24 Pa Pee Find the sum of first n terms of the series deduce the sum of infinite terms. A.M. 2 GM. 2 H.M. Let ay ar +e Bem positive real numbers then wo dene ther aritmetic mean (A), gsometic +3, mean (G) and harmonic mean (H) as A = ott : \ ‘Hegaiam Copations Pet 57, Hal Sarat Srsprra Wr, New Dull 47, Email enauiyOmegacencogntionacom Webeite ware mogacosmcogniions comRRSM_1921+1721-P3-MA-Progression & Series. 1“ a a 11,1, 4 see a; ay ay ay . Itcan be shown that A> G 2H. Moreover equality hotds at either place if and only if YF 82 = oan = By G={a; a, an)" and H= Mustration 13. Show that, if's = ay * ap +24 ay + unless a; = ap Solution: a(t) unless : Soa, 8-a, s-a, i.e. unless ay = a2 =........= By 8 8-a ‘Also 8 Tea |, (s—(a 400 tnt Oa), 4 ) ns y) : o-9, ; W s s S-a, S—a, Weighted Means: Let a4, a2, .., ay be n positive real numbers and mj, Ma, ..., Mn be n positive rational numbers. Then we define weighted Arithmetic mean (A*), weighted Geometric mean (G") and weighted harmonic mean (H") as Ae = MA He FM My +My Foy r= MFM Fe FM Pe yg a a a, ah Rm and G It can be shown that A* 2G*2H*. Moreover equality holds at either place if and only if ay = a, Mustration 14, . - ‘a, 6, care positive real numbers, then prove that {(1 + a) (1+) (1 +] > 7” af bret \ fee . \ gece Cis PE B7 Waa Bl an a Oe 1017, aAz RSM-1921+1721_P3-MA-Progression & Series. Solution: (1+a)(1+b)(1+c)= > (raxterontee)t 2 (ab. a. b.c. abe. ac. be)"” (using AM>GM) . = (1#a)(14b\ 140) — 1 > 7a". bt cf)! = (1 + a(t + b) (140)> 74a". bt. cf)!” > (1+ ay (1 +BY (1 +0)" > 77h bE cl, | +abtatb+c+ abe tact be Proving Inequalities: - ()_ Anyinequality has to be solved using a clever manipulation of the previous results. | (il) Any inequality involving the sides of a triangle can be reduced to an inequality involving only positive real numbers, which is generally easier to prove | For the triangle we have the constraints a+b>c,b+c>a,a+c>b j Do the following : put ay=s~bz=5-¢ then, x+y +z=3s-28=sanda=y4tz,b=x+z,c=xty. | ‘Substitute a= y +z, b=x +z, =x + inthe inequality involving a, b, c to get ah inequality involving x, y, z A’so note that the condition a + b > c is equivalent to atb+c>2cie;25> 2c, ors-c>0,ie.,2>0 Similarly b+c>a=x>0,atc>bey>0 The inequality obtained after the substitution is easier to prove. (involving only positive real numbers without any other constraints). ustration 18. Ia, bre-are-the sides ofa triangle and s=2*®*® prove that a(s - a) (s=b)(S~ o) G.M. inequality x+y airy, y+2>2/yz, +22 2VK2 2: (C#y) (x + 2)(x + 2) 2 Bxyz. Hence proved. Arithmetic Mean of mth Power: Let a:, a2, .., an be n positive real numbers (not all equal) and let m be a real number, then a +g" tanta” fay bay + 7 0 “2 ifm R40, 1} ay” +a." + However if me (0, 1), ther a0 {2 t%* Obviously if m € {0, 1}, then 31—*82 tt an (mime aay Mustration 16. , \ Prove that a* + bi + cf > abo(a + b + c). fa, b, c are distinct positive real numbers). “HepScolm Cogaltions Prt. Ltd, 57, Kalu Sara, Survapria Vihar, New Dell 110 O17, Emall | [email protected] Webste ware mepacosmcogniions.coMRSM-1921+1721-P3-MA- Progression & Series 13 Solution: : Using mth power inequality, we get at spt sc! (estes) at spt +ct (e7bseyarosey aiebisel or 2 +bi +e" 5 3 3 3 3 or atthe > (282 con ( AM> GM) . “abt act or, HB te > (2B Sates at retro abota tb +0) | Mustration 17. ‘Show that the greatest value of xye(d — ax — by — c2) is Habe (Given a, b, 0, x,y, 2> 0, ax + by +0z xy2 (6 ax—b . eee xyz ( y yz Ny — cz) aa Now, | Mustration 18, If s is the sum of the n” powers, p the sum of the products of m together of the n quantities 21, 8,...dq each of which is greater than 1, show that (nf)! 5 > (n—m)!. ml.p Solution: | P contains "Cy, terms, and each term of p< 8; @p..2, | PCr (84 29 «seed ee a ang 2188 to at n s = Soa aa, a >from (1 we om) "Cy S>p = (0-1 S>(a~m)Lm!.p n Mustration 19. av Prove tat (2°) 2 a. bY fab EN. Solution: » ‘Let us consider b quantities each equal to-a and a quantities each equal to b. Then since AM> GM. \ I "Wepaconm Gopntiona BA i, 57, Kate Sara sarvoprva Vita, Rew Dell 110 047, Ewa — “ Wobaite aecmoyeconmessnitionn cont4 RSM~1921+1721-P3-MA-Progression & Series. G@tatarb times)+(b+b+b+a tM). iaaa btimes) ” 7 a+b ; (bb. atimes)]"*") abtab . cab paynert)_, 220 5 pb gayneroy = DEE aCe wy Ms ED teh vty But at being A.M of a and b is greater than z their HM » wyierm > (228) pat ob. E Mustration 20. | 195 X49 0. X= Vy then Show that (1 +x) (1 4X2) o..nu(1 +X) 2(1 + yf Solution: (1 # xq) Xa) Xp) = A (XG Ky Hawt Ke HEXG Ky HEM Ke Ka ARNG. Ky. (1) Now, 282M ky Xt Ket _ Ce similarly Exyx2x32 "Cay? from (1), (4 + xs) (1 # Xz) (1 + Xa) 21 + my + Cay? + "Cay? + lExercise 6: If 0<0< 42/2, then ‘find the least value of tand + cotd. If x and y are positive quantities whose sum is 4, show that iNeed (x-2f o[roS) aeef. : If a,b, ¢>0 show that PC, 2 4 _20_ bee c+a a+b 2 Show that a°(1 + b?)}+b"( 1+c) +c"( 14a") 2 Babe. met If mand n are positive quantities, prove thae{ At) zn", Prove thar( eae)" (be) (ac)? (ab)" [where a,b, ¢> Ol. \ “Wregacoent Gognitons Prt td, 57, Kalt Saral,Sarvapriya Vtar, Now Deli] 10 047, Email? enquiry @megacoamcogaiionscon Website wnrwmegacosmcognitions:com 7\ RSM~1921+1721-P3_MA-Progression & Series 5 ae ee Exercise 1: i) 45°, 60°, 75° (ii). p® Exercise 2: W j) sys Exercise 3: @ 4n?-3n 4 2 Ue gat ag? 2) (Gl (te2eae tn (P42 +9? +4 ) (iy (vw) Se ay Exercise 4: oo Exercise 5: 0 oval} = w Ss n(n+2 7 7 ” Exercise 6: ® 2 a ‘Pet, 87, Kalu Sart Sarvapriva Vihar, New D6 ‘Wapacorm Cogntions Pot Li, *16 RSM-1921+1721-P3-MA Progression & Series a roster ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION (AP.) If ais the first teem and d the common difference of an’A.P. Then nth term a, is given by ay =a + (n- 4}d. The sum S, of the first n terms of such an A.P. is given by S,, where I is the last term, 5 Properties of AP. {fa fixed number is added (subtracted) to each term of a given AP. then the resulting sequence is also an A.P. with the same common difference as thal of the given A.P. = If each term of an AP. is multiplied by a fixed number (say k) (or divided by a non-zero fixed number), the resulting sequence is also an AP. with the common difference multiplied by k (or divided by same non-zero fixed number k). 4 {f.ay, dp, a....and by, ba, bs..are two A.P.’s with common differences and d' respectively then a;+by, actb., astbs,..18 also an A.P. with common difference d+d’ If ag, a, aa, ay are in AP. then ay + a= a + Op. =A ayo =. = Oy + qs ANG SO ON. = If n™ term of any sequence is a linear expression in n, then the sequence is an AP, whose ‘common difference is the coefficient of n (T, = dn + (ad). = if sum of n terms of any sequence is a quadratic,in n, then the sequence is an AP, whose ‘common difference is twice the coefficient of n® (constant term of quadratic expression should be zero) = If three terms are in A:P., then the middte term is called the arithmetic mean (A.M.) ate between the other two i.e. if a,b, ¢ are in A.P. then b= °=° is the A.M. of aand c. = Ifa, a, & are n numbers. then the arithmetic mean (A) of these numbers is A= +24) = The marithmetic means ay, a2.:.a, are inserted between the numbers @ and b +) then 9,42; #35 +....+3, =nSt4) 2 GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION(GP.): If ‘ais the first term and ‘? the common ratio of a G.P. can be written as a, ar, ar’, .. the nth term ‘a; is given by a, = ar". The sum S, of the first n terms is So f-1H. Equality holds at either place if and only if a) = az = ...= ay. Weighted Means: Let a;, a2, + @ be n positive reat numbers andm,, M2, .. ,Mybe n positive rational numbers. Then we define we (G*) and woighted harmonic mean (H") as As eM tt My My +My Fanny" ted Arithmetic mean (A*), weighted Geomettic mean ! Pag cyt PR and Ht = MA *Mg toe tM My, Me m,\ me a, a a It Gan be shown that A* > G* 2 Ht Equality holds at either place if and only if ay = @ Arithmetic Mean of mth Power: Let a, @2,......, be n positive real numbers ( not ali equal) and let mbe areal number , then ah tag antag” -(e hay + 7 a if me R-0, 1] shsafentnt (atte Fame a n af +a." ata + 20) stm (01%)18 RSM_1921+1721-P3-MA Progression & Series. . SOLVED PROBLEMS Subjective : Sa SE a Problem 1. «Find the numbers a, b, ¢ between 2 and 18 such that (i) their sum is 25, (i) the numbers 2, a, b are consecutive terms of an A.P. and (ii) the numbers b,c,18 are consecutive terms of a G.P. Sota: have atbh+c=25 Oy i 2,2, bare in AP. = 2a=2tb (2) Alsbb,¢, 18areinG.P = f@b=c" (3) ‘Sutstituting for a and b in (1), (using relations (2) and (3)), we get + 12c~288 = 0 = (C- 12) (¢ + 24) = 0 > ¢ = 12, 01-24 ‘Since the numbers tie between 2 and 18, we take 2, => b= 8,a=5. . Problem 2. Ihe <1 and \\ <1 then prove that bray) H0Ce ryt fy piety eye yl) +. ox AYR W) HCH HY) + vty) arn Solution The given sum-S=(x+ y) #0 + xy +. Yan “ay ¥) [22 -y Je (xy Je} a arae) Problem 3. 4, @,...€q be in arithmetical progression, show that ajaj........42 > af al. 1 x-y\t-x ty x+y =x xy) x}(-y) Solution: Let d be the common difference of the A. 8, Bp c= fan + (C= Td} Las + (01) B+ (n= A) da, +(¢—1)(a—r)o > af +(a~1}da, = aglay + (n- 1)d] 09-144 2 By: A 1 Bt y= A By ba! a1 > 81> Ae Gq 2 > 81" By "Magacosm Cogaltione Pvt. Lik, 1, Kala Sarat Sarvapriva Vitae, New Delbl-110 O17, Email: enquiy@megacosmcogniionscom ‘Website? whwnmegecosmcogniions.comRSM-192141721-P3-MA-Progression & Series 19 Prog ee Sees Bat 82> ay" Ay q+ 1 = By + By multiplying we get a? - a3. ae > (a, -a,)" Problem 4. - Find the positive integral values of n such that 7 D422 43.2 4424524 +n = 242, Solution: Series can be summed as DaPePe 42a 2 Pade #2 = 2 Da anh = gmt 28 rt 3a (2°) 2""* 2 2 (4a) +2. Given that Pinay ze 2" 42 = (n-1)2"" =n Pn 241-513 Problem 5. : | The fourth power of the common difference of an arithmetic progression with integer entries is added to the product of any four consecutive terms of it. Prove that the resutting sunvis thee ——"— | suo oon nove Solution: Let a ~ 3d, a—d, a + d and a + 3d be any four consecutive terms, of an A.P. with integer f entries and with common difference 24 ‘Consider (2d)* + (@ — 3d) (a -d) (a +d) (a +3d) = 16d‘ + (a? ~-9d?)(a? - d*) 16d" + a‘ — 10a°d? + 9d* = a’ —10a"d? + 26d" = (a ~ 5d? = [la -d) (a + d) (24)? which is the square of an integer since a —d, a+ d and 2d are integers. Problem 6. The sum of the squares of three aistinct réal numbers which are in G.P. is Sf theie sum Is (1 aS, show that a? e| =, 1. 1, 3; (3. Juc.3) Solution: : a . We take the three numbers in G.P. tobe® a, ar, sothat, “Magacosm Cognlions Pvt Lid, 57, Kalu Sarat Sarvapriya Vibe, Now Oelhi 140 O17, Email: (Webeite? wn mepacosicognltions com20 RSM-1921+4721-P3-MA-Progression & Seties S tatarsas a . Cae are and +8 +a? =$' @ From (f)and(2) we have [eet (S| stiret [ro daa]-s( 1)? (02 a}ea(ot a) 0 ost = PS rte0. et Since ris real, (: +) =4>0 [The numbers in G.P. are distinct wet Ya? = ( {203} >0 (either terms in both the brackets on L.H.S. are positive or both are negative) 2 2 a either St 2 of Ltt eg oF 4 et = lea? 3 or feotct, 4 Hence a”<(4,1)u(13) oreo oPe(5}utts Problem 7. a tet ai, ax=-be positive real numbers in geometric progression. For each n, let Ar, Gq: Hy be, respectively, the arithmetic mean, geometric mean and harmonic mean of a1, a2... ay. Find an expression for the geometric mean of Gy, Ga,..., Gp in terms Of Ar, Azy-.Any Ht, Hoy He Solution: “4 = (a2...) = a(t PPE M Mag ? (1) arta tant atte) aft) ae k eek z k Aydt ateh. a a a alr From (1), (2) and (3), we get Gx = (Ax Hs)" > [I] o.=[]any" (Lis "eA toh kt Problem 8. ot nant sns5) in \ (2n=1)(2@n+1) 8 16(2n+1)" K "Megacosm Cognitions PV Ld, 57, Kalu Sarat, Sarvaprira Vihar, New Dell) -140 037, Ena anguir7OMegacoamcOgMeone.com . Webelte !ww.mepacosmcogniions.com 7P3_MA-Progression & Series a Solution: + The n™ term T, of the given series is T. né tet tea al "Gn Manet) 16” 32L2n-1 n+ The sum S,of the Gas is ao (an? +t) 5) aot sean af 16 A 1 zal" sones]- 3] Problem 9. Find the sum of Ist n terms of the series §, 7, 11, 17, 25,... Solutior LetS=5+7411+174 254.44 B+ THM HIT 4th th Subtracting, we get 0=5+2+446+8+...+rthterm—t, {5} = — y Ssh no 9(20+9) 200+) on 2 : pears She = gil # N2n + 1) 300 # 1) + 30} = Fe +14). Problem 10. 2, b are two distinct numbers, @, Ay, Az...An, b are in A.P. and a, Hy, Hp ... Hy, b are in H.P. Prove that A, >H,, (r= 1, 2,...m). Solution: a, At, Az....Ao, bare in A.P., 50 that A;, Ac...A, are n A.M.'s inserted between a and b (n-r+ta+ oN at a Similarly H;, Hp,...H, are n H.M.'s inserted between a, b oe) a+ (n-r= 1b Now A, = (n-refasr> net (AM>HM) 7 net Rate a b (n+1)ab A =H, = A,>H, = OT (nerepp > Arh . ~ ~ ‘oocoay Coins PV 8,57, Ka Saat Sarai iar, New Ba £10 G17, El: enui7 OmeqaCoemoqAONE obsite rwarw megocosmeognhions.commrsetocstrstec oe ~ RSM-1921+1721-P3-MA-Progression & Seri Problem 11. Three numbers in A.P. are removed from first n consecutive natural numbers and average of remaining numbers is found to be s. Find n as well as removed numbers if one of the removed number is perfect square. Solution: Three numbers in AP. with least and greatest sum are (1; 2, 3) and (a — 2, ~ 4, n) respectively. sum of removed numbers = ot x(0-3) = 08D gq 38 (n=3)s AD met) 6 oe ye 2).¢ So- as (n-! ayer) - iwcneas So, possible numbers are 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23. as (n~3)is a natural number = (n~3) should be divisible by 4 80, only possibilities are 19 and 23 Also, nas 2 (n—3) 1s sum of removed number = this should be divisible by 3 => 19 is only possibility 80, sum of removed number = 190 = 172 = 18 middle term of removed AP. = ‘So, removed-numbers can be (1,6, 11), (4, 6, 8) (3,6, 9) Probleri 12. Three positive distinct numbers x, y, z are three terms of geometric progression in an order, and the numbers x + y, y + 2, z + x are three terms of arithmetic progression in that order Prove that x.y 2 =x. 2 Solution: Let x be first term of G.P. and y and z be the m” and n™ term of same G.P. respectively Stysy sxe! and 1°, where ris a common ratio of G.P. 5 M1, logly/x) (a) A=1 log(z/x) Now, wehave y+z=x+y+(m—1)d andz+x=x+y-+(n—1)d, where d is a common difference of AP. @) logly/x) z-x * : log(z/x) z-y From (1) and (2), at ()” wey = ZAIN, ghee, ye = 209 yen . Sx year ~ze = ‘Mepacosn Copnlons Pt Ud, 57 Wal Srl Sora ar, New Delhi 110 O17, El ogury@megacoomeognitor. com Website Fw mepicosmcognitions.com23 121+1721-P3-MA-Progression & Series awetezee721Ps A Progr spore ss Objective : A a a eS Problem 1, The sum of the fist n torms of the seri 12+ 22+ 9+ 248+ 8+ 262+. 1g NOX when n is even. When n is odd, the sum is ay 049) oy M0201) 2 6 © ato? o n? (nt Solution: (A). If nis odds n-t is even, Sum of (n-1) terms will be n(n The nth term will be n’. Hence the required sum = Problem 2. Given p AP's, each of which consists of n terms. I their fist terms. are 1, 2, 3... p and ‘common differences are 1, 3, 5, 2p—1 respectively, then sum of the terms of all the progressions is i 1 A Snploptt) 8) Srp) —1(6}npin+1) . _ (O) none of these Solution: = (A). The rth A. P. has first term r and common difference 2r-1 Hence sum of ts n terms =D +(n—1)(2r—1)] The required sum = yap +(n-1)(2r-7)] eS 3). mle), ne mo Yi o(o+1)-p] = Beooe) Problem 3. The p" term of an A.P. is a and q” term is b. then the sum of it's (p + q) terms is e229. Ae #2] peg a | (A) 229) ar 5+ fe [ 4, pa co) “fe b act (0) none of these 7 q Solution: 7 (A). Let x be the first term anddbe the c.d of AP.” \. ' x . : \ N ‘ a=x+(p-1)d i y Tsetse Po 7, aay Sani Wr, sD, a ‘enqulryOmogacosmengatians.com S 7 mre nagaconncognions.com24 a-b bex +(q=1}=ed=5 > p-4 so, x=a—(P- (2-8) _ pa-ga-pa+tpb+an—b _ pb—gat+a-b p-4 p-4 ma Hones Sq P28 aon 82] 2 ped. Problem 4. if a, b and c are distinct positive real numbers and a” +b* +c” =1, then ab + be + ca is (A) less than 1 (8) equal to 1 (©) greater than 1 (0) any real number Solution: abe (A). Since a and are unequal, * # > Vaéb? (AM, > GM. for unequal numbers) =a? +b%> 2ab Similarly, b’ +e?> 2bc and c* +a’> 2ca. Hence 2(a? +b? +0”) > 2(ab+ be +ca) => ab + be + ca <1 Problem 5. If the product of n positive numbers is unity, then their sum is (A) a positive integer (8) divisible by n (C) equal to n+4/n (0) never less than n. “Solution: - (0). Let the numbers be ay; agi aj... Aq. Then ay 82. 5 Using A.M > G.M,we get fae y+ 8g +..48,)2 (2). 8p. a5..8)! ay. a. as... ZA Problem 6. 1 1 i We 9, zare in GP. ¥,2> 1) hen > ae cimy" axaing OM (A) AP. (8) GP. (CHP. (0) none of these Solution: 7 7 (C). Asx, y,z areinGP., = e%, ey, e% are in G:P. => In(e®x),In(e*¥), in(e®z) are in AP. 7 1 are in HP. 2xtinx’ Ax+iny’: 6x+inz 12141721-P3-MA-Progression & Series ETE PE Rrosrossion & Series,RSM~1921+1721-P3-MA-Progres: Problem 7. 2 _, (a +3a+1)(6? +30+1)(c? +30+1) The minimum value ofthe quantity $A TL here a.b.c & Ris 2 As s (8) 125 () % (0) 27 Solution: (a? +3a+1)(b? +3b+1)(c? +30-+1) coy Seed HE) Ly, H3)lostealertag) sot abe a b c fas p+ tip22,ifacR'] Problem 8. Let ay, a2... be in A.P and qj, qo ... bo in G.P if ay = gy = 2.and ay = qyo = 3 then (A) a7419 is not an integer (8) aysqz is an integer (C) @rQ19 = a0 (D) none of these Solution: (C). If dis the common difference of the A.P and ris the common ratio of the G.P. then G 249d= Sand 2° =3->d= 2 and andro = (2 *6.1/9) 2.1°° = 12 Problem 10. Lot {en} be an A.P with common diference ad 0), {bx} be @ geometric progression with ic i +a, ‘common ratio q, q is @ positive rational number. ita, = 0, by =o and S*8z +8 isa by +b, +s positive integer, then q equals Am 18 \ (C) V2 (D) none of these \ ; , i. N Tagacoom Cogaltons Pr ad 37, Ra Sora Sarria Var, ne Beet 110847; Ewald: enauiy Onmegiconscopation=am26 RSM-1921+1721-P3-MA-Progression & Series Solution: agtazta? 14 (Cet aby tby Tega = x(a natural number) eens 7 Vn (m, n are relatively prime) = femnem? ae = 14n? = x(n? + mn +m”) Let s be a natural number that divides n. Then s* divides n?, so s* divides x(n? + mn + m’) but s cannot divide n* + mn + m* as m and n are relatively prime, so s* divides x. Hence x can be written as k s where k is a natural nuniber. x ¢ (4, 8, 9}. By trial and error we have q = % is the only solution. Problem 11. + ‘A geometric progression of real numbers is such that the sum of its first four terms is equal to 30 and the sum of the squares of the first four terms is 340. Then (A) two such G.P. are possible (8) it must be a decreasing G.P. (C) the common ratio is always rational (0) the first term is always an even integer. Solution: (A), (C), (0). Let the G.P bea, ar, a, We have a + ar+ar’+ ar? = 30 7, teat eat eaten (HHP HAY _ 900 | 48 er ee (R=) _ 45, = AMr 4) _ 48 FO) TS (rte ety 17 a RP 42? 4 Ort 45 at Dividing by , we get uP + 3) = Fi onl ae Putting G +) zy (ered) = 141 170 - 177 - 176+ 14=0 17 AT? 4 414% 45 >y 28. = ~$has no real roots. Putting r = 2 in (1), we get a = 2 and putting r F in), we gota = 16 i Then the progression is 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, .. aa + OF, 18, 8,4, 2.4, 35 cnn or, ;\ RSM-1921+1721-P3-MA-Progression & Series 27 Problem 12. pp atbk bok c+ dk a-bk b—ck c— (A) 4, 8, ¢, d are in AP. (8) logue, logye, loge, loge are in H.P. 2-204 Og vaeonce, , where k #0; a, b, c, d> 0 and none of them equals 1, then Solution: : btok _c+dk (B), (D). Consid — = (®), (0), Consider * AE = ray) b c\ + (Elk t+( 2) otk eit ee, b ¢ at in 1(2]e 1-[ 2) Ge Gk +) b) rit (c), (a), 4 bic _d PEt (2) (2k or Buf ad = (2) a (:) (ko 2 En 52 abicd forma GP. Problem 13. If the non-zero numbers a, b, ¢ are in A.P. and tan“a, tan“'b, tan“'c are also in A.P., then (A) b? = ac (8) a° +b? +0? = ab + bo+ca (C) a? +b! + 0° = abe (0) sina, sin-'b, sinc are also in AP. Solution: = (A),(B) (C),(D). Since a, b, care in AP => 2b=a+e —and 2 tan” b= tan a+ tar - ase’ _ (arc) (ate) 4-b?_t-ac 1-p? (1-ac) => b* = ac=> 4b” = dac => (a + cf - 4ac=0 > (a~c)' =0>a=c Therefore b= a=. = = (ato)[t-b?-1+aq]=0 Problem 14. If three positive unequal numbers a, b, ¢, are in H. P. , then (Aja+c>2 (8) a +c! > 2b (C) a? +c? > 2ac (OD) none of these Solution: (A), (B). (C) Sato>a aie Aliso & Foe a 2 oy ato? > 2.a0> 2b? (G.M. > HM) salt c?> 2b - : atbec 3 > b(HM) Read the following comprehension carefully and answer the problems (15-17): Let we have to find the summation of the series t: + t+ fs + ...t l, whose tetris are trigonometric, functions such that r term’, in the series can be written in the form f(r + 1) — f(r). Putting n= 1, 2, 3, «ea fin succession, we obtain X t= f(2)- \ (2) 1) . \ Taapaoam Cogetlons P ik, 3, Kal Sra Sarena Va, Row BT TIO BH, a GaGaIVOMERCOMTRO EO28 RSM~1921+1721-P2_MA-Progression & Serios t= (3) -f(2) a ty = (4) - 43) . tee tin+ 1) fin) ‘Adding vertically (column wise), we obtain titt+b+..tt=fint 1)-f1) That is sq = f(n + 1) f(1), where t, = f(r + 1) ~f(¢) and s, stands for sum to n terms of the series. When the. series is infinite say xe. then the sum of the series is fim 5, = lim f(n-+)—f(n), a 2 provided the limit on the right hand side namely lim f(n +1) exists finitely. Following formulae combined with elementary trigonometrical results may be useful while applying the method of difference: w@ 2sin¥sin(x ky) = cor(x (ii) 2sin} cose +ky) = in| x cosec x = cot -cotx (v) tank = cote 2 cot 2x () tan 2 tant tansy toy (wt) cot cottx-cotty Problem 18. The sum ofthe series tano+ Stang + 1 tan at -- adlied to infinite terms is equal fo (A) 0- cot 20 6) 4200120 1 14 (C)0-Leot2 0) + -Leote (C)o-scot26 O 5-9 Solution: (B) We fave the result tanx = cotx ~ 2cot 2x Putting x = 0, os in succession; we get : tant = c0t8 200120; Hand = Soot cots; tan Aang we get ttn st ping nO +p tans + Now sum ofthe given series to infinite terms : \ ‘Magacoum Cognitons Prt. Utd, 37, Ta Srl sora ar, ‘New Delhi 110 017, Email; nqultyOmegstosmcogailons.com ‘Website : www.megacosmcognitions.comRSM_192141721-P3-MA Progression & Series 29 Problem 16. { Str toga | (A) tan(n + 1) {B) tan“(n + 2) a zt (}tan— ms Solution: 1 4 ok 1)—k =t = ta HK Tee Teen) tee In (k + 1) - tank) Putting k = 4, 2, 3 ..., mis succession and adding we get s, = (tan’’2~tan"1) + (tan“ 3 —tan'12)+---+(tan” (n+ 1)—tan“*n) o1 (04-1 gy tn (C) We have t, =tan Senn e Le = tarot) tar "4 = tart OT = tat - Problem 17. — Surin ta n torms of the series —_* __,__4 __,__1 _,.i, — cosx+cos3x" cosx+005x " cosx+cos7x ay Sot 20tin thx tan(n+1)x sinx 2o0sx (oy nx=20tln the (op nlnt)x—tanx | cosx 2sinx | Solution: (0) We have T =———-__-__ §__t_[ sinftk +x to cosx-+ cos(k+ Aix ~ Zeos(kx tixcoskx ~ 2sinx| cos(k+ fxcoskx 1_fsin(k +1)xcoskx ~ cos(k +1)xsinkx 2sinx| ‘cos{k + 1)xcoskx 1 *2sinx’ le Lh 26inx __tan(n+4x—tanx 2sinx [tank +1)x —tankx] [(tan 2x — tari x) + (tan3x —tan2x) +--+ (tan(n + 1)x —tannx)] ‘Wogacoam Cogniions Prt. Lad 67, Kala Sarat, Sarvapria Viner, Now Pell 140 027, Eval enquiryOmegecosmcopallone com ‘website? wuw.megacosmcognitions.com "30 RSM_1921+1721-P3_MA-Progression & Sories Read the following comprehension carefully and answer the problems ({8-19):” We know that, f 2,22, @p are in H.P., then +, ay a ay . @, are in A.P. with common difference d, then for any b (20), the numbers b%;b®,b™,...,0% are in G.P. with common ratio b*. If ay, a, ...» @p are positive and in G.P. with common ratio r, then for any base b (b> 0), 10g, 2, !0§, 8p. logy 2,279 in A.P. with common difference loge. Problem 18. . Itx, y, z are respectively the pth, qth and the rth terms of an AP., as well as of a G.P., then LY 2-7 fs equal to . Alp aq (Cr (ot Solution: (2) Let the base be taken ase. Since x, y, z are temis of a G.P.(say with common ratio r), Inx, In, Inz are in AP. with common difference Int. Also, x, yz are in A.P. (say with coremon difference d). Hence x - y = (p ~ qd etc. and Inx —iny = (p—ajint etc. Let E =x" Fy*2"¥ so that IME = (y ~ 2)Imx + (2 x) Iny + (X—y)inz = (q = Hyd Inx + (r— pd ny + (p — q)d Inz {p(inz — Iny) + @ (inx — nz) + e{iny — Inx)] Inte a) + a(@-1)+ Aap = 0 are in A.P. and vice versa, If a1, 82, > Problem 19. Ifa, b, c, dare in G.P. and a = =’, then x, yz, v are in ARP B) GP. (C)HP {) None of these Solution: © Since a, b, ©, d are in G.P. {say with common ratio), Ina, Inb, Inc, Ind are in A.P. with ‘common difference Inr. Also a" = bY = ¢” = d= ylna = yinb = zinc = vind => xina = y(ina + Int) = z(Ina + 2ine) = v(lna + 3inr) 2k yz v.arein HP, yivez Read the following comprehension carefully and answer the problems (20-22): Let V, denotes the sum of the first r terms of A.P whose first term is r and the common difference is (2r—1), Let 7, =V,,.-¥,-2 and Q, =T,,4—T, for r= 42. Problem 20. The SUM Vy + Vp. Vy 1 A) n(n+4)(an?-n+) @) FninA(an?+n+2) . co) $a(ar?—n+) @ 42 ~2n+3) : 'RSM-1921+1721-P3_-MA-Prograssion & Series - on Solution: r 1 (B). Here, V, = 5[2r-+(r-1)(2r—1)]= 3 -P ar) m1 Joos. yy “=y 225" +r] Af ,faloet)) n(n (ans) 2| 2 6 2M ania) (2n+1) +3] nln+ (an? +n42) Problem 21. Which one of the following is @ correct statement (A) Q,,0,,Q,......2re in AP with common difference 5 (B) Q,,Q,,Q,.. are in AP with common difference 6 (©) ,,0,,Q,...... are in AP with common difference 11 (0) Q, =Q, =Q, = Solution: : (B). Since, T, =3r? + 2r—1 Tap =3(r4 1) + 2(r+1)-1 Q =T,4-T, = 3f2req]+2[i] = Q.<6r+5 Problem 22. Tis always (A) en odd number (8) an even number (C) a prime number (D) a composite number Solution: 1 2214 : ©). Yar Ye =(e497 fleet FP] 300) £37 42-1 T, = 7 4 2r—1= (6 41)(3r-1) This is a composite number. Problem 23. | (C) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2is False. 7 \ ‘Suppose four distinct positive numbers ay, a2 as, a4 are in G:P. Let by = ay, bz ba + a3 and ba= bs + ay STATEMENT-1 : The numbers bi, bz, bs, bs are neither in A.P. nor in GP. because STATEMENT-2 : The numbers by, ba, Bs bi are in H.P. (A) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True; STATEMENT-2 is a comect ‘explanation for STATEMENT -1 (8) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True; STATEMENT-2 is NOT a correct explanation for STATEMENT=1. by + ay b= (0) STATEMENT-1 is False, STATEMENT-2 is True ‘Hagacoam Cogalions Pt Ltd, B7, Kali Sara Sareaprva Var, Rew Dell] 110 017, mall:32. Solution: (C). by = ay, by = as + aa, by = ay + ap + aa, Da = a1 + Bp + Rt ae Hence b;, bz, bs, by are neither in A.P. nor in G.P. nor in H.P. Problem 24. A sequence a, 8... &, of real numbers is such that a, = 0, |a2| = ja; ~ 2, [a2] = a2 2)... len = l@n-1 — 2). Then the maximum value of the arithmetic mean of these numbers is Solution: | a, a1 = ap + 642, Adding all these, we get ay + ag +... + ley = (Ar tay +... an) — AQ + 2+... tay) + 4N 3 Aa, tay + .. tay) edn ays MAFF Be 4 7 Problem 25. Ifa, b, care the sides of a triangle, then the minimum value of —2—+—> _,__& bee-a crab arb—c : is equal to Solution: : 3 Given expression is : 4 ayes zero} y Now, as (a+b +0)= S(b+e-a) Applying A.M. > HM. Minimum value ofthe expression Problem 26. For the series 21, 22, 23, ...,k—1, k; the A.M. and G.M. of the first and last numbers exist in the given series. If is a three digit number, then ‘k’ can attain. values. Solution: 2 24, 22, 23, KA, k 2t+k AM. = SS, om=\2tk : x => k=21.27, 2 € 1. Also 100 < k< 999 and k should be odd \ s “ 17, Email: enqury@mepecobmcognionsicom “Mogacosm Cognitions Pvt. Led, 57, Kalu Sarai, Sorvapriya Wibar, New Dell 11RSM-1921+1721-P3-MA-Progrossion & Series 100 < 42 < 999 2 a 100 42 < 98 4 165 02247. 87 =H 2a “ : => 13, 4,5, 6 but should be odd => 2 = 3,5 = 'kcan assume 2 diferent values. Problem 27. An infinite G. P. has first term x and sum 6. Then, the number of integral value of xis Solution: For finite value of [rj <1 41% 5 1c Kt<4 5 = B $n =56+3-4=55 Problem 29, a2 ‘Fhe a” term of a sequence Iy, la, ty, .. +» nis given by = [ cos” xcosnxd., then 2 (A)___ The sequence ly, la, la». represents @)_ aGP. (8) The sum to n terms of the sequence in part (A) is equal fo @ th common ratio 1 2 GP, wth common rato + (c) Consider the sequence ay, a, a3, ..1 Ani where | (r) a= fsnenox ssn Sie * dr, thon the sequence form on j (0) The sum of the sequence given in part (C) is34 RSM~1921+1721-P3-MA-Progression & Series 2 (A) We have lns1= | cos" xcos(n+ t)xdx Integrating by parts taking cos(n + 1) as second function, we get ps sinspal ne inn + DX 4 ns cos! ae [Greene xC-sing) a2 nz “ =0+ | cos" xsin(nst)xsinxdx = | cos" x(cosmx ~cos(n +1) xcos x)ax a a vr btatvnen, 2 Hence fl. are in GP. wth common ratio 1 (8) We have l= 7 and common ratio=; 50 sum of n terms = 2 sin(2n+t)x-sin(2n—Dx 4 sinx (©) We have ay+1—an= f > 2 2ecoamesine sinx dx = 2[ eosnxdx = a aera VNEN => 1 = ap =... = ay => form a G.P with common ratio 1, : GP (@)” | flog, «10g, log, x are in HP, where | (2) | Exactly three real solutions ab.c,x €(hoo), then a, b, care in _ [(R) | ifa,b, care in GP, then ~ @)_| Anirrational number logy, ¥10g,, %10gg, x are in (s) 34g, x7 og, x2 @) | HP The equation x# 75 =F has Codes: PQ Ros: #3 2 4 4 ® 4 #2 4 3 § Ce 3 4 1 : i (0) 3 1 4 2 . ~ Solution: \ \ \ ieeeRSM-1921+1721-P3-MA-Progression & Series (P) Let x=109,7 = Ba7 Which is only possible for irrational number. (Q) boda, X109,, X 109, X are in AP ewe aw in HP Trlog, a’ t+log, blog, = t+log,a,1+log,b, +109, ¢ are in AP > = bog,a09,blog,c are inAP => abe arein GP. 1 R) log, x= 1094, x= (R00 = og ax 86" Tioga Ifa, b, care in GP = bog,2109,b.log,¢ are in AP > t+log,a1-+log,b,t+109,6 are in AP = u u are in HP 1+log, a'T+log,b't+log,¢ = boga, X logy, 1095. % are in HP Sworsfoeoret () atheerd ip = 3 (og,x)* +1o92x-$ =tog, V2 3 lloge x)? +1090x- ee 4” 2iogx > 3 (log, x)° +4 (log, x) -5(log, x)-2=0 Put, log,x=y -. 3y°+4y?—Sy-2=0 = (y-A\(y+2)(8y+1)=0 2 yetartebonxstad. 12 Problem 31. dea 38 Lot fin) = tyetede. +t ‘such that P(n)f(n + 2) = P(a)f(n) + q(n) then match the following List-I with List-iL + pptn)-2 . mim+1) (P) y = 1. a Sqn) -3 “emm4+7) a 2 2 2 espn) +a? (n)—14 2 am(m+7) ® 2 : 2 @ SF e-eo-7 a ard ‘ ot nSolution: Answer quest Q 1 4 3 1 wnaon ANNO 14,4 wigs tetaty as wal fns2)=tehed (0+ thq+ 20+ 2) p(n) =n? + 3n + 2, q(n) = 2n +3 ©) S(o+9)=Sns3y4 a (n+ 1)(n + 2){(n) + 2n¥3 spin) +4? (n) 14 ee 3m(m-+1) , 3m(m+1+6) _ 3m(m+7) m(m+1-6)_m(m+7) m= = 2 n? +3n+2+4n? 9412-11 Fist +180 a Sm(m+1+6) _ Smim+7) 2 2 gm ns 32, 33 and 34 by appropriately matching the information given in the three columns of the following table. w Column 2 : represents n® term which is T, + Column 3 represents sum of first n term which is Sp Pa Paes... (P) 3n(n + 4) (n+ 3) w |) 3B + 6.11 +9444 1217 + Q) ‘2n? +9n+13) n mae Pa (+P (e+ Ped) (R) $Gnt—0 n(n 4)" (n+2) ‘s) 12} RSM-1921+1721-P3_MA_Progression & Series Problem 32, Which ofthe following options is the only CORRECT combination ? AMOR) (8) (I) (i) (P) Cm os) (0) (i) (i){8) Solution: A Problem 33. Which of the following options is the only CORRECT combination ?~ (A) () (i) (Q) 18) () (i) (R) ©) ) (in) VAM) (8) Solution: c Problem 34. Which of the folowing options is the only CORRECT combination ? (A) dl) (0 (P) ©) (0 (Q) (©) (1) (i) (S) 0)) () R) ‘Solution:. B 32-34. (b= (r-4P eS, = Sar 40+) (i) = 348r+ 5) = 8, = OS? H45$'r (uy y= AME 5, = TS tar yar en ees e_4 4 =A at? (Vv) & 2 a7 OS, = ayer \ S xz ‘Hegacoam Cogntions Pt Ud, 67, Kala Sarai, Barvapriya Vio, Now Dall] 110817, Emails enqulry@magacoamcopniins. co ‘Website : wn megacosmcognitions.38 RSM-1921+1721-P3-MA-Progression & Series ASSIGNMENT PROELENS A 9), i). 10(i). o) Prove that the sum of the n arithmetic means inserted between two quantities is n times the arithmetic mean of both the quantities. = Wx=ttatata’s.... tow (jal<1),y=1+b+b? +b +... too (Ib] < 1), prove that xv x+y 1+ ab +a’b? + ab? +... to.00= ‘Sum up to n terms the series 6 + 66 + 666 +. If as, a2, Qs, ., Gq re 2N positive real numbers in G.P, prove that Jay + fsb + Ja ++ VB Bap © Yay +8 +85 Bay YB 48, FBP, Prove that If all the terms of G.P. are integers and x, y, z be any 3 consecutive terms of the G.P., prove that + 642 (° + y9) + ax’(y? + z*)} is a perfect cube of some integer. x WE (QE 1) #21 (OT Ay 2? (BF = 1) #2 PM A= of x99, 0, then find the value Ifp, a, rbe in AP. ;q, 1, 8 be in G.P. and r,s, tare in H.P. Then prove that that p, r,t are in GP. : ; 2 Prove that the greatest value of x*y'z‘, (ifx +y +z=1, xiy,2>0) oe Find the maximum value of (3— x)* (2 + x)" when x lies between -2 and 3.RSM~1921+1721_P3-MA-Progression & Series 39 Fill in the blanks (11 - 15): 11, 12 13, 14 16. If two positive real numbers are such that their arithmetic mean is 2k times their geometric mean. Then find the ratio of numbers and least value of k. etn Let a > 4 and n be positive integer. Prove that a” ~ 1 a(s Faz } Has, a2, .... & are real, then the equality ~ (08 +08 +---+08.)(aB +08 +---+02) (aya, +ay05 4-49, 4a,)? is possible if and only if a1, 82,» @q form _ Progression, 10 13 z Sum th i, ne SONS Fa A238 a.3-4 + upto nterms Also find S.. Three numbers in AP. are removed from first n consecutive natural numbers and average of remaining numbers is found to be “S. Find n as well as removed numbers if one ofthe removed number is perfect square.40 RSM_1921+1721-P3-MA_Progression & Series Level- I 4. Find the sum of the series 14. 28, 74 Pe es Se brerd cod 4 2. If A, G and H are the A.M, G.M and H.M of a, b,c, dandp = —, then find bed acd ab the’equation whose roots are a, b,c, d 3. The sum of two numbers is 2 and an even number of AM's are inserted between the them such that their sum exceeds their number by 1. Find the number of means inserted. Positive integer, then prove that 4(). If ris @ positive quantity less than “1 and n (ane ayri=nst-e. (i Gitszarbte. [a,b,c> 0} 5. Sum the series TH (Dex t(Ltx tet xt +x ).t0 n terms, ' 1 5 7 6. Find the sum of n terms of the series 3+ 37 +3349 * Sag ge 7. If x, y, z are three real numbers such that x + y + z= 4 and x? + y’ + z* = 6, then find the range of x, y and z- = 8(i). If mis negative or greater than 1, show that 1"+ 3"-+ 5" +... + (2n—1)">.n™" (li). Let a, b, c be three distinct positive real numbers in G.P.., then prove that a” + 2bc - 3ac > 0. nb an? 8. The nth term of a series is given by t, = ofan 7 ant the sum of its terms can be + expressed ass, = a2 +x + —', then prove that a, and b, are the nth terms of some bery arithmetic progression and x, y are some constants, also prove that "is constant. ab +b? +c® 1,44 10, .b, it tities, show that 7414 1<2 37 +e" 0. a,b, care postive real quantities, show that [+ += <= —5 3 4 b 14, For positive real numbers x, y, z prove that 2, yo, ayoove) ‘ (xeye2) xe ez axtyiz (© y2) \ K+YZ 3 \ . 7 x "Webacosm Copnitons Pt. Cd, 57, Kale Sarah Sarvoprve Vita, lew Delt 130 017, Email enquiry Omeqacoomcognllons com Website | win. megacosmcognities. contRSM_1921+1721-P3-MA-Progression & Series 44 124i). . 13, 14. 16. 16. For a, x > 0 prove that at the most one term of the G.P. Ja—x rational » Ve. Vax can be If the terms of the A.P.ja-x , Vx, Va+x,...., are all integers where a, x > 0, then find the least comps value of a. N, the set of natural numbers, is partitioned into subsets S; = {1}, S: = (2 3} Ss = {4, 5, 6}, S<={7, 8, 9, 10). The last term of these groups is 1, 142,14 24+3,142+ 3 +4 and so on. Find the sum of the elements in the subset Seo Find the sum of the infinitely decreasing G.P. whose third term, the three times the product of the first and fourth terms and the sécond term form, in the indicated order, ah A.P. with the common difference equal to 1/8. ae 3-37 (3) 4." (3) and by = 1 ~ ay, then find the minimum natural ala) tla) 4 ‘number ne such that b, > ay Vn > no If the equations ax® +2bx+¢ =0 and Ax? +2Bx +C =0 have a common root and a, b, ¢ abe op. that 2,2, & are in H.P. are in GP, prove that = ‘Tiagacoam Cognition Prt id, 7, Kala Baral, Sarvapriva Vikar, New Delhi 110 047, Ema; enqulry @megacoumeagenion® cor Website! warrmegncosmcognitions.com{AeA MTR ee A 42 RSM-192141721-P3-MA-Progression & Series Objective + A a ens Level.) 1. fx, be 41, be— 1] are the three consecutive terms of an A.P; its sum upto 20 terms is (A) 90 or 175 {B) 180 or 360 (C) 360 or 700 (0) 720 or 1400 2. fa, band care positive real numbers then o4be £ is greater than or equal to 7 “3 6 (©) 27 (O) none of these - (atid 3. Ifa, band are positive rel rumbers, then least valu of 9 +b +c)( 5+ 5+) is c (aya (6)3 (c) 1978 (0) none of these 4. Number of A.P.s that can be formed using natural numbers 1 fo 1000 having atleast 3 terms, Where the first term of A.P. is always 1 and last ter is 1000 is (A)7 (B)8 (9 ce meee ord 5. The sum ofthe series SF+ 2+ SF +. upto 20 terms = on 2 a (1-H @)2- oe ne (0) none of these 6 Ifa, b,c, d and p are distinct real numbers such that (a? + b? + c*)p* — 2/ab + be + cd ) p + (b* +c” +0") < 0, then a, b,c, darein (A) AP. (GP. HP. (0) none of these 2m 7. IPH, Hoy Hh on Hane rare in HP, then. 9°) (ct) is equal to a Ha (A) 20-4 (B)2n+1 (©)2n (O)2n+2 m2 4 “ Wee tt2 4 8. te eey pertton a is equal to 2 ne -4 nv (A) @) —0*t oat . ©) FD (opel NY Bnet) \RSM_1921+1721-P3_MA-Progression & Series 43 I 10. 12, 13. 14. 15. 46. pp is equal to SG n(n +1) ne{n+t) 7 a) med @°& ) ory (0) none of these 1,1 eo anda,b, e are notin AP, then o*e-2b (A)a,b, careinG.P (@)8, 2,carein AP a,b careinnr (0), 2b, care in HP If in a AABC cosA + 2cosB + cosC = 2, then a, b, c are in (A) AL (B) HP. (6. {D) AGP, 3454 7+.¢m terms 5+ 8+11+...+ 10 terms (A) 36 (6)36 (c)37 (40 =7, then the value of nis If the sum of an infinite G.P. and the-sum of the squares.of its terms are both equal to 5, then the first term is . 5 2 we od : wz (0) none of these ‘The sum of the infinite series 1 As (c) 283 (O) none of these If the sequence 1, 2, 2,4, 4, 4, 4, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8 6, .... where n consecutive terms has value n then 1025” term is, (ay 2" ()2" Or . ‘0 1fS,= DIT, =nfn + tn+2)(n-+3) then >t is equal to a at 36 58 ws os 2 .: 59 (©) oe (D) none of these ; \a 1921+1721-P3-MA-Progtession & Series 47. _If'three positive real numbers p, a, rare in A.P., with pqr =4, then the minimum value of q is aya? (e)3 ()2 (oy 2 18, Ifa, b and ¢ are three positive real numbers, then the minimum value of the expression ove cra, arb, Ue is abe (A)1 (B)2 (C)3 (0)6 ‘i 19. Ifa, b, care three positive real nuibers such that b +c-a,c+a-banda+b-care positive, the expression (b + ¢ - ac + a b)(a + b- c) —abcis (A) postive (8) negative : (C) non-positive (0) non-negative a, (n+t) (nsp) 20. + + equal to Gl (near nape ay OO feeeat 11 4 et 1 Oat Gepey ar” pat 1, 1 (0) none of these Oli ape i. : 21. The sum of two numbers is at and even number of A.M's are inserted between them. Ifthe sum of these means exceeds their number by 1, then the number of means is at (8) 12 (C43. (Oya 22, The first torm of an infinite G.P, is 1 and any term is equal to the sum of all the succeeding terms. The common ratio of the GP. i (a) 13 (B) 172 (c) 16 {0) 114 23. Letp=3'° 3 3@7” ©, then p™ is equal to (ays? (8) V3 3" 3" 24. If first and (2n'=1)th terms of an A.P., G.P. and H.P., are equal and their nth terms are a, b, c respectively, then (Ajatc (8) atc=b (C) ac—b*=0 (D) none of these 25. + xs = 50, then the minimum value of (8) 60)" ‘ (0) (60)* \ “WegacosisCopattons Pvt tid, 37, Kata Sarat Suvapriva Vier, New Defi 230 O17, Email! eraulry@megacoamcognilons com Website ‘were megacosmeegnttions.comRSM_1921+1721-P3-MA-Progression & Series 26. 27. 28. 29. 30, 31. 33. Let {a} be an AP with common difference d{(d # 0), {b,} be @ geometric progression with ‘common ratio q, q is a positive rational number. If a; = d, b; = d? and a2 +a? +a)? b, +B, +by positive integer, then q equals A V4 (12 The largest interval for which the series 1+ (x-1) + (x1) +... (ayoexet ()Aacx (00,4500, 1) (A) miog (©) (n?-1)og2 . m, Lees onl (©) Flo 0) Fos eat Aj t= 1, 2, 3,..., m are n points on the parabola y’ = 4x in the first quadrant. If Ac = (x, y)) where Xt, Kayes Xq are in G.P ahd x; = 4, x2 = 2 then yqis equal to (A) 22 (B) 2" * (22 O22 . : |RSM-1921+1721-P3-MAProgression & Series a 41. The sum of the products of every pair ofthe first n natural numbers is n{n+ #30? —n—2) n(n-+ 130? ++ 2) (ay n+ Mort =n = 2) 8) 2 24 Oe 42, 43, 44, 46. 47. ‘Negncovet Cogaitions VE id, 57, Kalu Sarai Sarvapiya Vihar, New Dalbl 110 O17, Emall engul y @megacosmcngalons com ‘Website twmneamegacormcognitions.com © oe" 0-2) (©) none of these In a given square, a diagonal is drawn and parallel line segments joining points on the adjacent sides are drawn on both sides of the diagonals. The length of the diagonal is nv2 ‘om. If the distance between consecutive line segment be sn then the sum of the lengths of all possible line segments and the diagonal is (A)n(n + 1)v2 om (8)? om (C) n(n #2) om . (D) nY2em i a - 4) f2) £3) fen) Haieae ay. afin HP. and (4) = Paya, then 2, 222, ay SOP ein (AAP. . (8) GP. (HP. (O) none of these Let ay, a, ..: da be the terms of a G.P. whose common ratio is r. Set S, denotes the sum of first k terms of the G.P. then the value of 5” aa; in terms of Sp_, and S,is . in (A) Sn-1 Su ®) ESns8m (oS ©) Sn-1 Sa 146 We +97 +28 ne( 18-843), y.zarein AP. (cP. (C)AGP. (D) HP. Find the number of common terms in the following sequences (each of which is an AP.) Which are less than 10,000 37, 103, 169, 17, 82, 147, woe (AS (B)2 ©)3 (0)4 Statement ~1: if all terms of a series with positive terms are smaller than’ 10° then the sum Of series upto infinity will be finite. Because ‘Statement -2: if S, < 0 thon lim S, is finite. {A) Statement -1 is True, Statement -2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Staternent-1 (@) Stotement-1 is True, Statement 2s True; Statement is NOT a cotrect explanation for Statement-1 (C) Statement -1 is True, Statement -2is False \ (0) Statement -1 is False, Statement - ie ~48. RSM-1921+1721-P3-MA-Progression & Series STATEMENT 1: If a, b, ¢ are non zero real numbers such that ° 3(a’ + be +o! + 1) = 2a + b + c+ ab + be + ca), then a, b, c are in AP. and G.P. both. ‘STATEMENT 2: A series is in AP. and G.P. both if all the terms in the series aré equal and non-zero. (A) Both the statements are true and Statement 2 is correct explanation of Statement 1 (8) Both the Statements are true and Statement 2s not the correct explanation of Statement 1 (C) Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false (0) Statement 1 is false and Statement 2 is true i i | {RSM~1921+1721-P3-MA-Progression & Series, 4 Level- il “ 7 1. In a G-P. the product of the first four terms is 4 and the second term is the reciprocal of the fourth term. The sum of infinite terms of the G.P is A)-8 {8)-8/3 (€) 83 (O)8 2, If (m+ 1)th, (n+ 1)th and (¢ + 1)th terms of an A.P. are in G.P. and m, n, r are in H.P., then i the ratio of the first term of the A.P. to its common difference is a m (A) (B) —— a @)-> (yr 0) mer 3. If three unequal positive real numbers a, b,.c are in G.P. and b-c,c-a,a—bareinHP., then the value of a + b + cdepends on a 2 (B)b (Ce (D) none of these 4. Forany three unequal numbers a, b and c, ae equals to b (A) 2 ifa,b,carein AP. @; ifa,b, careinGP. © 7 ifa,b, care in HP. (D) none of these- —_— ; 5. ‘The numbers 1, 4, 16 can be three terms (not necessarily consecutive) of \ (A) AP. (6) only one GP. | (C) infinite number of APS (D) infinite number of G.P.’s i aye 6. _Letaand b be two positive unequal numbers, then <=" — represents + (A) their AM. ifn =0 (8) their G.M. if an} (C) their H.M. ifn (D) none of these . 7 If the A.M. of two positive numbers be three times their geometric mean, then the ratio of the number is (a) 342V2 (8) (3+242)* (©) 172122 - 7 (0) (3-2¥2)* 8. IfX.y, zare positive numbers in A.P., then (A)yaxz (B)xytyzs2xz . (Q) none of these : . | \ \ > \ “Wegacosm Gopabions Pvt. Lak, 7, Kaki Stal Survapriva Vihar, Naw Delhl 140 17, Emall: [email protected] ‘Website ! ww megacosmcognitions.comRSM-1921+1721-P3-MA-Progression & Series 9. 10. 1 12. 13. 14, 15. 16. \ ITH is H.M. in between a and b, then =H tele al (A) (H = 2a) (H 2b) = H ®@ isthe sts Heat o! (D) none of these © H-a H-b fa, b, care in GP. and a, p, qare in AP. such that 2a, b + p, c+ q are in G.P., then the ‘common difference of A.P. is (A) 2a (8) (vV2+1)(a-b) ° (©) (V2-1)fa+b) (0) (v2-1)(b-a) : Let a, = product of the first rw naturat numbers. Then for all-n-e.N (A) 2am e) Ge) nl (Cyn 2 any (D) none of these . ace If (Serr) =o +bn? +0n? +dn-+e,, then ale aed @o-3 @ec=t 7 (oa =t For.a positive integer net ain) = ts 55 Then (A) a(100) < 100 {B) a(200) < 200 {C} a(200} > 100 {D) a(100) < 200 Let x1, Xz, Xs be the roots of equation x° — x? + x + y = 0. If x;, x2, Xs are in A.P., then @ pel il © pe[3} i © ve( 4 Ox {-3-*) | eva So a | ® oree (e ferme i (oy om va) OQ pang | Let s;, 8, ... be squares such that for each n > 1, the length of a side of s, equals the-length of a diagonal of sy. If the length of a side of s; Is 10 om, then for which of the following values of n is the area of s, less than 1 sq. cm ? AT (ys \ (co (0) 10 \ “Magecosm Cogaltions Pvt Ui, 57, Kahu Sara Sarcaptya Vihar, New Delll -140 O17, Emall: enquiryOmegacosmcognlions om) rmevacosmicepnitions.com17, 18. 19, 20, 24 22. _ Ifa, band care three terms of an A.P. such that a = b, then P= RSM_1921+1721-P3-MA-Progression & Series 51 US If a,’b, ¢, d are distinct integers in A.P. and d =a? +b? +c%,then (Ajatbtctd=0 {B) one of a, b, ©, dis zero (C) common difference of A.P.is 1 ~ (O)a +b +ch +a? =6 fa, b,care in AP. b, ¢, dare in G.P. and c,d, e are in H.P., then — (A)a.c, dareinAP. ®)a,c,eareinGe. (C)b.¢, eare neither in A.P. nor in G.P. nor in H.P. (0) a,b, eare in HP. If the equation x‘ - 4x° + ax” + bx + 1 = 0 has four positive roots, then (A) roots are in AP. @)atb=2 (C) ab=-24 (0) the equation ax? + bx - 2'= 0 has rational roots ack Maybe equal to (a2 @) 3 1 (0) 3 (8) S, = ©)S. then — is equal to dab hea bea The sum of infinite series, > + 98 588 13" 137. 13 is X ~ “Vecancoam Cogntions Pvt Utd, 57, Rata Sara, Sevaprive Vitor, Now Delhi 110 017, mall @h@ehVOReqacoemoGRUOns com ymogacosmesgnnions. com ‘Webele we.$2 RSM~1921+1721-P3-MA-Progression & Series Comprehension : 5S Comprehension -1 : Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. We know that, if a}, a2, .., a are in H.P., then aa a a are in A.P. and vice versa. If a1, a2, nag ay n are in AP. with common difference d, then for any b (>0), the numbers b*,b**,b®,...,.b% are in GP. with common ratio b*. If ay, ..aq are Positive and in G.P. with common ratio r, then for any base b (b> 0), log, a4, 10g, @,.- log, a, are in A.P. with common difference loger. 1. If x,y, Z are respectively the pth, qth and the rth terms of an A.P., as well as of a G.P., then X1=EF* 2-7 ig equal to (A)p . ()q (Cyr (yt . 7 Ifa, b,c, dare in G.P, and a*= bY = c’ = d", then x, y, z, v are in (AAP. (B)GP. (HP {D) None of these. 3, IFp, q, rare in AP. then the p", q® andr terms of any G.P. are in (A)AP. (B) G.P- (He, (O)AGP. Comprehension - 1! ——Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. Let X = {1, 2, 3}. A number is selected from set X with.replacement and this process is done 1100 times. For each i, 1 . (9 6. There are f(1) number of red balls, (2) number of blue balls, (3) number of white batts and x umber of green balls. balls of same colour are identical). The balls are arranged in a row such that no two balls of same colour are consecutive. Let x: and xz are minimum and maximum value of x respectively for which above arrangement is possible then x; + x2 is (A) 1200 | (8) 900 (©) 1300 (0) 800 i i : | "Mogacoom Cognilons Pt Ld, 57, Roly Sarat Sarvaptva Vihar, New Dell £20 017, Emall:enguiry@magacosmicopillonscom abate : wane: megacosmcognltins.comRSM-1921+1721-P3-MA-Progression & Series ‘Comprehension — tl “ Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. ‘A sequence is called an AP. ifthe difference of a term and the previous term is always same Le. if aye — ay = constant (common difference) forall n € N. ° For an AP. whase firs term is ‘a’ and common difference is‘ has its n®™ term as lsat (n-1)d ‘Sum of n terms of an A.P. whose first term is a, last term is land common difference is d is Su= B(2a+(n~1hd) = Fla+a+in-t) =Fe+) 7. A sequence whose n” term is given by t, = An + B, whére A, B, are constants, is an A.P. with ‘common difference (ay2 (1 (C)A OB 8& If sum ton terms, S, for a sequence is given by S, = An? + Bn + C, then the sequence is an AP. whose common difference is : (A (8)B (C)2a (0) 2B 9.4, aang 1S an AP. with common difference d. Then aa.2.~ a (1 100018 |@ 7 x a 44 1 (0) 34547? +... cols then ris equal to ® 4 NS “Wegacorm Cognition: rE. td, 57, Ral Baral, Sarvapriva Vita, Now Delhl 120 047, Email: enquiry @mogacoamicopeensom Website Twwwmagacormengnions.2m i 754 RSM~1921+1721-P3-MA Progression & Series | 1 92 gd 1° i ©) | sists! (3) w}2 2) | [email protected]™("e~) @) /6 (R) _ @) | 27 8) | ashe | ¢ Codes: P Qa R Ss Ay 2 4 fl 3 a ®) 2 1 4.3 (Cc) 1 4 2 3 (0) 3 2 4 1 Answer questions 4, 5 and 6 by appropriately matching the information given in the three columns of the following table. , * Column — 1 represents series of n terms * Column — 2 represents relation between Sy and Sy. + Column ~3 represents S,_ a a2. () )142+34+4..4n Es era ee P) | n(n+t}(2n+4) . ee Kea) “6 UW [tree ar (a) [SES tk @ [in 1 we { (i) [42423344 Canned) [ly | See Seat kk +1) [(R) | nine) | _ 2 | 7) at WW) [SeSa4K ) | n(neaj(nva) i nnd 3 | 4. Which of the following is correct combination ? | (A) (1) Gi) P) (8) (a (P) } () G(R) ©) (G(R) i 5. Which of the following is correct combination ? (A) (Ht) (iv) (P) (B) (ll) Gi) (R) (C) (IV) (iv) (P) (D) (IV) Gi) (R) 6. Which of the following is correct combination ? : 4A) (iit) ii) (Q) (8) (1) Gi) (R) {C) (it Gi) (P) (©) (u Gi) (S) XRSM-1921+1724-P2-MA-Progression & Series ANSWERS TO ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS Subjective Level-1 2 grt 2 cio" ~9n~ a Fe n= 10) stat aw. 10(). 2ve 1 "5 ws 4 Level- Il 1.2 3 ne t2 n(t=x)=x(1-x") 2 1x} P 2 § sxs2and 3 sys? 13. 62525 1. 6 1 O- glf234 (arpa ayarayara)] 13. geometric 15. (1,6, 11), (4, 6, 8), (3, 6, 9) 6 424i), a= 20 4.02 ‘asacoam Cogaitions PU, 87, Kata Saal Sarvapiva Vitar, Now Delht 110 047, Email: enquiry@megacosmcapnhions com (Webster were mepacosmcognltons.com56 RSM~1921+1721-P2_MA_Progression & Series Objective : ee Level-t : | 1 B 208 300A 4 & t oA 6 B ze & =D | 9 B a) 1A 2 8 13. «8 4. O&A 5B (= 0) 7 OW 1% 0D 2 ¢ 20. =A t 21. B 2 8B 23. oD ac) oa A ec a ae: 2. 2. D SoC 31. B 320A En BA 35. OB 360A cn 38. OA 39. B 40 A a. OW 42D 43.08 ie 45. «) (> (7) (D) ->(s) 3. (A) 4, (c) 5. a - 6 0) “Wegacone Cogaltions Pvt id, 57, Kalu Sarat Sareepriya Vibar, New Dell! 140 O17, Email nqulryOmegacosmcopnllons.om" Wetatee were megacosmcopmiions.comRANKERS TUDY MATERIAL THE IDEAL CORRESPONDENCE COURSE 2019 - 2021 and 2017 - 2021 (Phase - III) MATHEMATICS JEE MAIN & ADVANCED, 2021 Ke) CORRESPONDENCE PROGRAMS TWO YEAR | FOUR YEAR Aa a1 AbJEE Syllabus Basic Concepts Geometrical Representation of Complex Number De Moivre's Theorem | Concept of Rotation Geometrical Applications Answers to exercises Points to Ponder | Solved Problems Assignment Problems Answers fo Assignment ProblemsComPLex NUMBER : : Algebra of Complex Numibers, modulus and argument, triangular inequality, cube roots of unity. BASIC CONCEPTS ‘A number in the form of a + ib, where a, b are real numbers and i = V-1" is called a complex number. A complex number can also be defined as an ordered pair of real numbers a and b and may be written as (a, b), where the first number denotes the real part and the second number denotes the imaginary part. If z = a + ib, then-the real part of z is denoted by Re (z) and the imaginary part by Im(z). A complex number is said to be purely real if Im(z) = 0, and is said to be purely imaginary if Re(z) = 0. The complex number 0 = 0 + i0 is both purely real and purely imaginary. Two complex numbers afe said to be equal if and only if their real parts and imaginary parts are separately equal i.e. a + ib = c + id implies a = c and b= d. However, there is no other relation between complex riumbers that is of the type a+ ib < (or >) ¢+ id. Remark: leary ® 2-4? integer CETTE ee TTS i =1. In general, i = 4 if"? =i, f°? = A complex number z = x + iy, written as an ordered pair (x, y), ‘can be represented by a point P whose Cartesian coordinates are (x, y) referred to axes OX and OY, usually called the real Poy) ‘and the imaginary axes. The plane of OX and OY is called the : ‘Argand diagram or the complex plane. Since the origin O lies aie. (on both OX and OY, the corresponding complex number z = 0 x MO is both purely real and purely imaginary. Modulus and Argument of a Complex Number: We define modulus of the complex number z = x + iy to be the real number \/x? +y? and denote it by [2]. tt may be noted that |z| > 0 and |z} = 0 would imply that z = 0. lfz ymplex + ly, then angle 8 given by fan@ = 2 is said to be the argument or amplitude of the’ number z and is denoted by arg(z) or amp(z). In case of x = 0 (where y # 0), arg(z) = + n/2 —< \ - “egacoam Copnions Pt. Ua, 57, Kalu Sarai, Sarvaprira Vihar, Nase Dalbl 110 017, Email: enguirV@megaccamcogntanscom™ Website :wnnw.megeconmengniions comRSM-1921+1721—P3-MA-Complex Number depending upon y > 0 ory <0 and the complex number is called purely imaginary: If y = 0 (where: x #0), then arg(z) = 0 or x depending upon x> 0 orx tano => Principal value of arg 2= (Since 2 ties in the fourth quadrant) » 6 \ \ ‘Hesacbam Cosmin BV Lid, 57, Kala Sarah Survapriga iar, New Bele 110 O17, Emil: enquiryomiegacommcagnions om Website weve.megacoemcognitions.2om \RSM_1921+1721-P3-MA-Complex Number Unimodular Complex Number: A complex number z for which [z| = 1 is said to be unimodular complex number. Since [2| = 1, z lies on a circle of radius 1 unit and centre (0,0) Hfiz=1 >2= cos@+isind, = z= (cos 6 + i sind)" = cos @ - i sind, Algebraic Operations with Complex Numbers: = Addition (a+ ib) + (ctid) = (a+ 6) +i( bed) Subtraction: (a+ ib)- (ctid) = (@-c) + 1(b-d) Multiplication: (a + ib) (ctid) atib fac - bd) + i (ad + be) ® Division (when at least one of ¢ and d is non-zero) Geometrical meening of Addition and Subtraction: Let 2: = x- + iys and 22 = x2 + lye be two complex numbers represented by the points P(x, ys) and Pulte, ya) respectively. By definition 2; + zp should be represented by the point P(x; + x2,-yi'+ Ya). This « point P is the vertex which completes the parallelogram OP,PP2 with the. line segments joining the origin with Py and P2 asthe adjacent sides = he, +24 = OP. Pale ve) —_Plertxa, vst) bev yoy Pina Vd Also by definition 2; - 22 should be represented by the point (x1 Xo, ys = y2). This point is the vertex Q which completes the parallelogram OP;QP, with the line segments joining the origin with P; and P’: (where the point P'z represents. —z2; the point —z'can be obtained by producing the directed fine PO by length |z2|) as the adjacent sides => |z; - z2| = OQ = P2P; Remarks: = Inany triangle, sum of any two sides is greater than the third side and difference of any two sides is less than the third side; we have w [z:|+[z2l2|z1+Z21; here equality holds when arg(z;/z2) = 0. Gil) lzsFzall < lr —zek; here equality holds when arg(z:/z2) = O. = In the parallologram OP,PP2, the sum of the squares of its sides is equal to the sum of the squares of its diagonals ; ie. OP? +P,P? = OP? +P,P? +PP2+P,07 . Hazy +22 F +12, ze P= 21 P +12, P). j \ ~ ‘Najacosm Cognitions Prt. Ld, B7, Kalu Sera, Sarvapriva Vihar, New Delhi 110 017, Email? enguiVe@megacoomcogniions com Website wnmesacoemcogniions.com4 RSM~1921+1721-P3-MA~Complex Number Geometrical Meaning of Product and Division: - Let 2;= r4(cos0,+ i sin®,), 22 = ro(Cos 02 + i sind,) be complex numbers represented by Q, and Qo. (i) Construction for the Point Representing the Product zizz: Let L be the point on OX which represents unity, so that OL = 1, Draw the triangle 0Q,P directly similar to the triangle ‘OLQ,; making ZLOQ, = 2Q,0P and ZOLQ, = ZOQ,P. ‘Then point P represents the product 2:22 Explanation: Due to similar triangles OP 002 hat ig OP 00, > OL Also ZQ,0P = ZLOQ, = 6; = ZLOP = 0; + 6 . Since 2:22 =tyt2 {Cos(®; + &2) + isin (8; + 8) } , P represents Z:z2 (ii) Construction for the Point Representing the Quotient z1/z2: Draw the triangle OQ,P directly similar tothe triangle aL. . ‘Then P represents the quotient 29/22. Explanation: 0Q, OP _OP From the last construction, Cot= OP _, OP —_ tom te lst constucten, Foe = FF = f= zl 22 ZPOL = 6; ~ 62 OP(z) = F(cos(0, 7 also ZQ,OL'= 6, and 2Q,0P = 02 2) isin @,)) = = number represented by P = 2 = Remark: fz) = Fy (cos 6, +i sin 64) , and zp = re (cos 82 +i sin 02), then 2;22= rita eM) and 2h al _ fh _ fal Fone Hence lez m arg(z;Za) = 8; + 02 = arg(z1) + arg(z2) (2, = arg| 24) = 0/0. = arg(z,) ~ argtes) - osm) | alee and 2 = Square Root of a Complex Number: Let 2; = x; + iy; be the given complex number and we have to obtain its square root . ie Let x + iy = (x1 + iyi) => x*—y? + 2ixy = x, + iy / : x ~ N ‘Megacoom Cognitions Prt. Li, 37, Kala Sara Sarvapriva Viner, New Dain 1i0 G27, Email: enguiryOegacoamcogntions orm ‘Websttes wwsmegaconmcogniions.com ieee92141721. »3-MA-Complex Number he ind yy = 2xy => x*~ Zt =x, Hy <0= = ty Mustration 2. Find the square root of 8 - 15. Solution: Here y = -15<0 1 > + 6-9 An Alternate Method to find the square root of @ complex number is ais follows: () Ifthe imaginary part is not event then multiply and divide the given complex number by 2. e.g z = 8-15i, here imaginary part i$ not even so write 416-30) andiet asis46~ 3 (i) Now divide the numerical value of imaginary part of a+ ib by 2 and let quotient be P and find all possible two factors of the number P thus obtairied and take that pair in which difference of squares of the numbers is equal to the real part of a + ib. e.g. ere numerical value of Im(16 - 30 i) is 30. Now 30 = 2 x 15. All possible way to express 15 as a product of two are 1% 15,35, te. here 5? - 3? = 16 = Re (16 -30i) so we will take 5, 3. Take iwith the smaller or the greater factor according as the real part of a + ib is positive or negative and if real part is zero then take equal factors of P and associate i with any one of them. e.g. Re(16 ~ 30i) > 0, we will take i with 3. Now complete the square and write down the square root of z. e.g z= $16 ~30] =f? + (ai)? -2x5xai] Ls ai? Solving Complex Equations: ‘Simple equations in z may be solved by putting 2 = a + ib in the equation and equating the real part cn the’L.H.S with the real part on the R.H.S and the:imaginary part on the L.H:S\with the imaginary part on the RH.S. \ \ : ! “Wagacon gels Pr a 37 ale Bra arvprign Vay, Raw Bai 0 O17, Fea any BmegaoNCIOOTT CI, "Pine meprconcsgnhionscon6 RSM-1921+1721-P3-MA-Complex Number Mlustration 3. Solve for z ie., find all complex numbers z which satisfy fe? - 2iz + 2c(1+ i) =0 where c is real, Solution: Put z= a+ ibthen a? + b’- 2ai + 2b + 2c + 2ci= 0 = (a +b? + 2b+ 2c) + (2c- 2a) = a+b? + 2b +20 =O and 2c-2a=0=a=c. Now b? + 2b + (c+ 2c)=0=> b= -1 av1-20-c Since bisreal, 1-2c-c?20= ce [-1- V2, -1+V2]. = z=cti(tavt-20-07) Solution of the given equation does not exits for c ¢ [-1- V2, -1 +V2]. Conjugate of a Complex Number: The conjugate of the complex number z = a + ib is defined as a - ib and is denoted byZ. In other words Z is the mirror image of z in the real axis. ifz=a+tib,z+ Z=2a( real), 2-2=2ib (imaginary ) and 22 = ( atib)(a-ib) = a® + b? (real ) = zi? Also Re (2) = 227, tm(z) = 257 3+2isind 1-2isind (bj puirely imaginary 20 4 - W3-W-2 3-2-2035 “23-2 Find the squre root of i) —Find-real 0 such that . me (@) -8-64 oa if\z~ 1] + [z+ 3] <6, then find the range of |z~ 4. LS a Conjugate: = If zis purely real z= Z = Ifzis purely imaginary = 2Z4zP= (A \ ~ ‘aGogosm Copnions Pt Lid, 7, Kala Sarah Sorvopriva Vibor, Now Boi 110 017, Email: enquiry Bipapacosmcoanions com “ " Website fw megacosmeogntiions com