ANGLE RELATIONSHIPS

BIG IDEAS:
 The sum of a polygon’s interior angles is equal to 180° multiplied by two
less than its number of sides
 The sum of a polygon’s exterior angles is always 360°
 Many equal angles are created when a transversal intersects parallel lines

LEARNING GOALS AND SKILL DEVELOPMENT:

You know you have met the goals for this lesson when you can:

ANCHOR SKILL BUILDING

LEARNING GOALS
QUESTIONS QUESTIONS
Determine the sum of the interior angles of various polygons 2, 3 1 2 3 4
EMERGING

Determine the value of an unknown angle in a polygon 4 5 6 7 13abc

Determine the value of an angle in a complementary,
5
supplementary or opposite angle pair
Determine unknown angles involving parallel lines intersected
6, 13abc
by a transversal

ANCHOR SKILL BUILDING

LEARNING GOALS
QUESTIONS QUESTIONS
Determine the number of sides a polygon has given the sum of
10 8 9 10 11
its interior angles
EVOLVING

Use angle relationships to determine unknown angles 13def, 14 12 13def 14 15

16

ANCHOR SKILL BUILDING

LEARNING GOALS
QUESTIONS QUESTIONS
Determine unknown angles by writing and simplifying equations
17 17 18 19 20
to solve for the unknown angle
EXTENDING

Angle Relationships
BUILD YOUR SKILLS
1. What is the sum of a triangle’s interior angles?

2. For each of the following polygons,

i) copy the figure on a separate page and draw line segments from one vertex to the other
vertices.
ii) state the number of triangles created as a result of part (i).
iii) use your answer from part (ii) to determine the sum of the polygon’s interior angles.

a) b)

3. State the sum of the interior angles for each polygon.

a) b) c) d)

4. Determine the value of angle x in each polygon.

a) b) c)

5. Determine the value of angle x in each diagram.

a) b) c)

Angle Relationships
6. What is an exterior angle of a polygon? You may wish to support
your explanation with a diagram.

7. Determine the values of angles a, b, c, d, e, f and g in the diagram on

the right.

8. Determine the value of each interior angle in a regular polygon with the given number of sides.

a) 3 sides b) 4 sides c) 5 sides d) 8 sides e) 10 sides f) 30 sides

9. A regular polygon has n sides.

a) State a procedure that can be used to determine the value of each interior angle.
b) Create a formula that can be used to determine the value of each interior angle.

10. The sum of a polygon’s interior angles is 1980°. How many sides does the polygon have?

11. Determine the value of angle x in each diagram.

a) b)

c)

12. James is told that the sum of a polygon’s exterior angles is 360°. Based on this information, can
he determine how many sides the polygon has? Explain.

Angle Relationships
13. Determine the value of angle x in each diagram.

a) b)

c) d)

e) f)

14. Determine the values of angles x and y in each diagram.

a) b) c)

Angle Relationships
15. Determine the values of angles x and y in the Progress Pride Flag shown below.

x y

45°

16. Tiles used for floors and walls often have the shape of regular polygons.

a) In order for these tiles to fit together snugly, what must be true about their interior angles?
Explain.
b) Which regular polygons are suitable for tiling?

17. Determine the value of angle x in each diagram.

a) b)

c) d)

e) f)

Angle Relationships
18. A workroom in the shape of a regular octagon will have a table in each corner. The shape of each
tabletop will be an isosceles triangle. What angles must be used for the triangular tabletops if they
are to rest flat against the two walls forming each corner?

19. Determine the values of angles x and y in the diagram below.

20. Use parallel lines to prove that the sum of a triangle’s interior angles is 180°.

Angle Relationships
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
1. 180°

2. a) i) ii) 2 iii) 360°

b) i) ii) 3 iii) 540°

3. a) 180° b) 360° c) 1080° d) 720°

ANSWERS
4. a) 26° b) 81° c) 120°

5. a) 54° b) 55° c) 45°

6. An exterior angle of a polygon is the angle formed outside the polygon

when one of its sides is extended. For example, an exterior angle is indicated
for the pentagon on the right.

7. and

8. a) 60° b) 90° c) 108° d) 135° e) 144° f) 168°

9. a) Step one: Subtract 2 from the number of sides, n.

Step two: Multiply the result from step one by 180°.
Step three: Divide the result from step two by the number of sides, n.

b)

10. 13

11. a) 78° b) 28° c) 72°

12. No. The sum of the exterior angles is 360° for every polygon.

13. a) 57° b) 123° c) 117° d) 35° e) 47° f) 81°

14. a) b) c)

Angle Relationships
 15.

16. a) The interior angles must divide evenly into 360° since a complete circle must be formed at
each vertex if the tiles are to fit together snugly.
b) equilateral triangles, squares, regular hexagons

17. a) 117° b) 12° c) 140° d) 22.5° e) 24° f) 3°

18. The angle at the vertex where the walls meet must be 135°. The angles at the other vertices are
both 22.5°.

19.

20. Consider the diagram of triangle ABC on the right, in which

a line parallel to side AC has been constructed through
vertex B. Let p, q, x, y and z be the angles shown in the
diagram.
ANSWERS

Now, and (alternate angles).

Also, x, y and z form a straight line, so .
Substituting p for x and q for z, we get .
Therefore, the triangle’s interior angles have a sum of 180°.
A similar diagram and argument can be made for any triangle.

Angle Relationships