SSRG International Journal of Computer Science and Engineering (SSRG-IJCSE) – Special Issue ICTER Mar 2019

Automobile Collision Avoidance System

Mrs.C.B.Selva Lakshmi1, A.Lalithasri2,N.Karpagavalli3 ,S.U.Madhu Preetha4,S.MuthuLakshmi5
1
AP, Department of CSE, Velammal College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai
2
Department of CSE, Velammal College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai

Abstract up 5.6%. While 13 countries saw a reduction, only 18

The Objective of this paper is to develop a system registered an increase or stagnating numbers in 2016
to keep the vehicle secure and to ensure safe driving. compared to 2015.
This project develops a system that automatically stops
the engine of the vehicle to avoid the accident by using The report further revealed that Highways are not the
ultrasonic sensor. Whenever any obstacle is detected in “biggest killers”. As per the report, 34.5 per cent
front of the running vehicle,the vehicle is stopped accident deaths occurred on National Highways, while
automatically depending on the distance between the 27.9 per cent accident deaths took place on State
vehicle and the obstacle. After alerting the driver using Highways, while maximum percentage of deaths
buzzer. The ultrasonic sensor attached in the vehicle is occurred on other roads (37.6). Giving insight into the
enabled only when the speed of the vehicle is high, cause of accidents, it further added, that speeding
since the speed of the vehicle is less in the traffic areas appears to the be the biggest cause of concern.
compared to the highways where it is required to be This might increase to one death every three minutes by
focused.Whenever the driver starts ignition, the sensor 2020 if there is no change in the current driving
measures the content of the alcohol in his breath and patterns.
automatically switches off the car and alert the driver
using buzzer if heis drunken. II. BASIC FRAMEWORK
Keywords - High speed, enable sensor, minimum The system is designed in such a way that the
distance, alert driver, alcohol sensor, engine off . engine of the vehicle is stopped automatically in order
to prevent the accident when the distance between the
I.INTRODUCTION vehicles is very minimum which will cause accident.

Road accidents in India, 2016: 17 Figure 1 shows all the interfaces used in the prototype
of the system.
A Report on Road Accidents in India 2016, published
by Transport Research wing under Ministry of Road
Transport & Highways, Government of India, has
revealed that more people died on roads accidents in
India last year, as compared to the number of deaths in
2015.

As per the data cited in the report, the country recorded

at least 4,80,652 accidents in 2016, leading to 1,50,785
deaths. The number suggests that at least 413 people
died everyday in 1,317 road accidents. Further breaking
down the statistics, the data reveals that at least 17
deaths occurred in road accidents in 55 accidents every
hour in the given time period.

Road accidents in India, 2018

Fig. 1. - Block Diagram
According to the Road Safety Annual Report 2018,
after many years of continuous decline, the number of Working Description
traffic fatalities rose by 1.6% in 2016, the last year with This module consists of RF transmitter and RF
official and validated data, compared to 2015. receiver. The transmitter continuously sends signal to
Compared to 2014, the year with the lowest number of the RF receiver.
fatalities over the past three decades, the death toll was

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 SSRG International Journal of Computer Science and Engineering (SSRG-IJCSE) – Special Issue ICTER Mar 2019

If the speed of the vehicle is low then the transmitter At this stage the vehicle is prevented from the collision
sends the signal 0, else if it is high it sends 1. with the obstacle. Once the accident is prevented the
driver can restart the engine and proceed further.
The system uses two relay drivers. One for power
OFF/ON, the other relay driver is turned ON depending III. OVERALL ARCHITECTURE
on the speed of the vehicle (whether it is low (0) or high
(1)). The output of the relay is given as input to the Figure 3 and Figure 4 shows the circuit diagram of
microcontroller. the prototype.
If the microcontroller receives the input as 0 (which
means high speed), it enables the ultrasonic sensor.
After the sensor is enabled it begins to detect whether is
there any obstacle(e.g. vehicle, pedestrian, animals,
etc.,) infront of the sensor which is mounted on the
vehicle.
If any obstacle is detected then the distance between the
vehicle and the obstacle is monitored by the ultrasonic
sensor.
If the distance between the vehicle and obstacle is being
reduced (less than 80cm)* and still the speed of the
vehicle is high then the buzzer is turned ON to alert the
driver to reduce the speed.
If the microcontroller still receives the input as 0(high
speed) and the distance is less than 40cm* the system
turns off the engine automatically.

Fig. 3 – RF Transmitter and Receiver

The output of the alcohol sensor is in the analog nature

which should be converted into digital format.This is
done by the analog to digital converter of the
microcontroller unit. The microcontroller controls the
entire circuit. When the measured value reaches the
threshold (here it is 255) the microcontroller switches
the ignition ON. Then relay cuts off automatically
and buzzer produces sound. Fig. 4 - Battery

* In real time scenario if the speed of the vehicle is 100 A. ATmega328 and Arduino
kmph (27mps) and the detected distance between the Arduino board designs use a variety of
vehicle and the obstacle is 250 meters then they both microprocessors and controllers. The boards are
can collide with each other in 9 seconds approximately. equipped with sets of digital and
Within this 9 seconds the buzzer is enabled as the initial analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to
step to alert the driver and then break is applied at various expansion boards or Breadboards (shields) and
regular interval of time to stop the engine. other circuits.

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 SSRG International Journal of Computer Science and Engineering (SSRG-IJCSE) – Special Issue ICTER Mar 2019

• Surge Overload Rating to 30A Peak

• Low Reverse Leakage Current

E. Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)

It is a p–n junction diode that emits light when
activated.When a suitable current is applied to the
leads,electrons are able to recombine with electron
holes within the device, releasing energy in the form
of photons.
Fig. 5- Arduino Board
F. Voltage RegulatorLM7805
The microcontrollers are typically programmed using a Voltage sources in the circuit may have
dialect of features from the programming fluctuations resulting in not providing fixed voltage
languages C and C++. outputs. The voltage regulator IC maintains the output
voltage at a constant value.
B. BC547 Transistor
A BC547 transistor is a negative-positive- G. Relay
negative (NPN) transistor. Like all other NPN A relay is an electrical switch that uses an
transistors, this type has an emitter terminal, a base or electromagnet to move the switch from the off to on
control terminal, and a collector terminal. In a typical position instead of a person moving the switch. It takes
configuration, the current flowing from the base to the a relatively small amount of power to turn on a relay
emitter controls the collector current. but the relay can control something that draws much
more power.
C. HCSR04 ultrasonic
Ultrasonic ranging module HC - SR04 provides
2cm - 400cm non-contact measurement function, the
ranging accuracy can reach to 3mm. The modules
includes ultrasonic transmitters, receiver and control
circuit.

The basic working principle of ultrasonic sensor:

Fig. 7- Relay
1. Uses IO trigger for at least 10us high level signal.
H. Alcohol Sensor
2. The Module automatically sends eight 40 kHz and This module is made using Alcohol Gas Sensor
detect whether there is a pulse signal back. MQ3. It is a low cost semiconductor sensor which can
detect the presence of alcohol gases at concentrations
3. IF the signal back, through high level , time of high from 0.05 mg/L to 10 mg/L. The sensitive material used
output IO duration is the time from sending ultrasonic for this sensor is SnO2, whose conductivity is lower in
to returning. clean air. It’s conductivity increases as the
concentration of alcohol gases increases. It has high
Test distance = (high level time×velocity of sound sensitivity to alcohol and has a good resistance to
(340M/S) / 2. disturbances due to smoke, vapor and gasoline. This
module provides both digital and analog outputs. This
alcohol sensor is suitable for detecting alcohol
concentration on your breath, just like your common
breathalyzer. It has a high sensitivity and fast response
time. Sensor provides an analog resistive output based
on alcohol concentration. The drive circuit is very
simple, all it needs is one resistor. A simple interface
could be a 0-3.3V ADC.
Fig. 6 - Ultrasonic sensor
D. DIODE-1N4007
• High Current Capability and Low Forward Voltage
Drop

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 SSRG International Journal of Computer Science and Engineering (SSRG-IJCSE) – Special Issue ICTER Mar 2019

(MCUSUM) control charts,” Intelligent Transportation Systems

(ITSC), 2014, 17th International IEEE Conference, pp 1280-
1285, IEEE, 2014.
[5] AmitMeena, SrikrishnaIyer, Monika Nimje, Saket JogJekar,
Sachin Jagtap, Mujeeb Rahman, “Automatic Accident Detection
and Reporting Framework for Two Wheelers”, in IEEE
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and Computing Technologies (ICACCCT), pp 962-967, 2014.
[6] C.K.Harnett, “Open Wireless Sensor Network Telemetry
Platform for Mobile Phones” IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 10,
No. 6, pp. 1082- 1084, June 2010.
[7] Emmanouil N. Barmpounakis, Eleni I. Vlahogianni, and John C.
Golias, “Intelligent Transportation Systems and Powered Two
Wheelers Traffic” IEEE Transactions On Intelligent
Transportation Systems,2015.
Fig 8-MQ-3 Alcohol Sensor [8] Prachi R. Rajarapollu, Nutan V. Bansode, Pranoti P. Mane, “A
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IV. FURTHER IMPROVEMENT AND SCOPE System” 978-1- 5090-3480-2/16/ © IEEE.
[9] Fahim Bin Basheer, Jinu J Alias, Mohammed Favas C, Navas
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case any hazardous gases are found.

3) Further testing and calibration to make the system

suitable for the Indian roads.

4) Integration of the system with the existing safety

systems present in a vehicle.

V. CONCLUSION

Most of the road accidents are caused by the

reasons mentioned in this paper. So, there is a pressing
need of implementing such a system in every vehicle,
so that road accidents can be prevented, making our
drive safer.

REFERENCES

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