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ICGSE Y8 Chapter 1 Integers Powers and Roots

The document provides an overview of integers, powers, and roots for a Year 8 math unit. It defines prime numbers as numbers divisible only by 1 and itself, and provides examples. It also defines integers as whole numbers that can be positive or negative, and defines inverse numbers. Several exercises are provided involving arithmetic with integers, multiples, factors and primes, powers and roots, including writing numbers as products of primes and finding roots, powers, and volume and area of shapes.

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YAP LEE KHIM
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898 views10 pages

ICGSE Y8 Chapter 1 Integers Powers and Roots

The document provides an overview of integers, powers, and roots for a Year 8 math unit. It defines prime numbers as numbers divisible only by 1 and itself, and provides examples. It also defines integers as whole numbers that can be positive or negative, and defines inverse numbers. Several exercises are provided involving arithmetic with integers, multiples, factors and primes, powers and roots, including writing numbers as products of primes and finding roots, powers, and volume and area of shapes.

Uploaded by

YAP LEE KHIM
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Year 8 Unit 1: Integers, Powers and Roots

Prime numbers
~ numbers that can only divided by 1 and itself.
~ have just 2 factors
~ examples: 2,3,5,7,11,13…

Exercise 1: Write down the prime numbers between 20-40

________________________________________________________

1.1 Arithmetic with integers

Integers
~ whole numbers that can be positive or negative.
~ Zero is also an integer.

Inverse number
~ the number that we change the subtraction or addition from the original number.
~ example: the inverse number of 4 is -4; the inverse number of -6 is 6.

Exercise 2: Arithmetic Operations of integers


1. Work out these additions.
a. 2 + 4 = b. 3 + (- 2) = c. – 1 + (– 4) = d. – 10 + 3 =

e. 13 + 4 = f. 5 + (- 9) = g. – 8 + (– 7) = h. – 4 + 8 =

2. Work out these subtractions.


a. 8 - 3 = b. 3 - (- 2) = c. – 1 – 4 = d. – 10 – (-3) =

e.15 - 23 = f. 9 - (- 12) = g. – 8 – 3 = h. – 7 – (-10) =

3. Complete the pyramids below

4. Work out these multiplications.


a. 8 x 3 = b. 3 x (- 2) = c. – 1 x 4 = d. – 10 x (-3) =

e. 9 x 10 = f. 3 x (- 12) = g. – 8 x 4 = h. – 10 x (-3) =

5. Work out these divisions.


a. 8 ÷ 4 = b. 27 ÷ (- 3) = c. – 16 ÷ 4 = d. – 30 ÷ (-3) =

e. 99 ÷ 11 = f. 32 ÷ (- 4) = g. – 56 ÷ 7 = h. – 36 ÷ (-6) =
6. Complete the pyramids below

1.2 Multiples, factors and primes

Exercise 3: Answer the following questions


1. List the first 10 multiples of the following numbers.
a. 3 and 6

b. 4 and 8

c. 6 and 9

d. 5, 6 and 10
2. List the first 3 common multiples of the following numbers.
a. 3 and 6

b. 4 and 8

c. 6 and 9

d. 5, 6 and 10

3. Find the lowest common multiples (LCM) of the following numbers.


a. 3 and 6

b. 4 and 8

c. 15 and 20

d. 18, 27 and 45
4. Find the factors of each number
a. 18

b. 20

c. 45

d. 36

5. Find the prime factors of each number


a. 245

b. 30

c. 280

6. Find the common factors of each pair of numbers.


a. 12 and 18 b. 16 and 24

c. 28 and 42 d. 50 and 75
7. Find the highest common factors of the following numbers.
a. 40 and 50 b. 8 and 10

c. 18, 27 and 45 d. 42, 105 and 126

8. The HCF of two numbers is 8. One of the numbers is between 20 and 30. The other number is
between 40 and 60. What are the two numbers?

9. Answer the following questions:


a. Write down three numbers whose only prime factor is 2.

b. Write down three numbers whose only prime factor is 5.

10. Find a number that has three prime factors.

11. Find a number bigger than 10 that has an odd number of factors.
12. Mei Yi has 12 sweets and 18 pieces of chocolate. She wants to divide the sweets and chocolate
into identical packets. What is the greatest number of packets she can make?

13. 42 blue balls, 84 green balls and 63 red balls are shared equally among a group of students. What
is the biggest possible number of students in the group?

14. Two clocks are turned on at the same time. One clock chimes every 15 minutes while the other
clock chimes every 20 minutes. In how many minutes with the two clocks chime together?

15. Plastic cups are sold in packets of 6 while the plates are sold in packets of 10. What is the least
number of packets of cups and plates will you need to buy so that you have the same number of
cups and plates?
1.3 More about prime numbers

Exercise 4: Answer the following questions


1. Complete each of these factor trees.
a. 48 b. 108

6 8 12 9
2. Write down the number that is being represented.
a. 22 x 33 = b. 23 x 72 =

3. Write each number as a product of primes.


a. 24

b. 165

c. 200

4. Write the working for the following questions


a. Write each number as a product of primes. (i) 45 (ii) 75

b. Find the LCM of 45 and 75.

c. Find the HCF of 45 and 75.


5. Write the working for the following questions
a. Write each number as a product of primes. (i) 90 (ii) 140

b. Find the LCM of 90 and 140.

c. Find the HCF of 90 and 140.

1.4 Powers and roots

A number multiplied by itself several times is called a power of that number. We use indices to show
powers.
52 = 5 x 5 = 25 (five squared / the square of five)
53 = 5 x 5 x 5 = 125 (five cubes / the cube of five)
54 = 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 = 625 (five to the power four)

Since 52 = 25, therefore = 5 (the square root of 25 is 5)


Since 53 = 125, therefore = 5 (the cube root of 125 is 5)

5 is not the only square root of 25.


(-5)2 = -5 x -5 = 25, so 25 has 2 square roots, which is 5 and -5.

Square numbers
~ have square roots that are integers.
~ example: 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49…

Exercise 5:
1. Find the value of each power:
a. 72 b. 102 c. 0.82 d. ( )2

2. N3 is 27. What number is N?

3. 6M is 216. What number is M?


4. Write down 2 square roots for each of these numbers:
a. 9 b. 16 c. 49 d. 225

5. The number is between 250 and 350. Its square root is an integer. What is the number?

6. The number is less than 500. Its cube root is an integer. What is the largest possible value for the
number?

7. Calculate the following answer without using the calculator


a. = b. = c. =

d. = e. = f. =

8. The number’s square root is an integer. Its cube root is also an integer. What is the number?

9. Calculate the following questions without using calculator.


a. 13 +23 + 22 b. + 32

10. The volume of a cube is 216m3. Find its length.

11. The area of a square is 25 cm2. Find its length.

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