READY REFERENCE CHART FOR QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF BASIC RAIDCALS

Make the solution of the given salt in distilled water, in dil. HCl or conc. HCl, cold or hot. Label it original solutions (O.S.). To the O.S., add dil. HCl
White ppt.
2+ If Group I is absent, pass H2S gas through O.S. for sufficient time after acidification with dil. HCl filter.
(Pb ) PPt. - Group II
2+ 2+ If Group II is absent, add solid NH4Cl, 0.5 ml conc. HNO3 to the O.S. Boil and cool. Add NH4OH till it smells of ammonia. If a ppt. is formed, group III is present.
Confirmation
2+ Black ppt. - (Pb , Cu ) Reddish brown ppt. -
of Pb 3+ 3+ If group III is absent, through a part of the solution obtained in group III pass H 2S gas. If a ppt. is obtained group IV is present.
Yellow ppt. - (As ) (Fe ) 2+
Boil white ppt. White ppt. - (Zn ) If Group IV is absent, to the O.S. add solid NH4Cl, NH4OH and
Dissolve the black ppt. in minimum 3+
with distilled White ppt. - (Al ) 2+ 2+
water and quantity of 50% HNO3. To one part of Black ppt. - (Ni and Co ) (NH4)2CO3 solution.
Confirmation of (Fe3+)
divide the 2+
Dissolve the brown ppt. Flesh coloured ppt. - (Mn )
solution into the above solution add. dil. H2SO4
in dil. HCl and divide the 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ If Group V is absent
two parts. and alcohol. If a white ppt. is formed Confirmation of Zn White ppt. (Ba , Sr , Ca )
2+ solution into two parts. 2+
(i) Add KI solution Pb (i) is
is indicated. If no white ppt. To one part of solution Dissolve a part of white ppt. in dil. HCl and divide the solution in two Dissolve a part of white ppt. in dil. acetic test for Mg .
to one part of add pot. ferrocyanide parts. (i) To the O.S. add a
above formed, add excess NH4OH to the acid. Boil off CO2.
solution. A prussion (i) To one part of solution add. pot. ferrocynaide solution -
solution. second part of the solution - Blue (i) To one part of the above solution, add pinch of NH4Cl, a few
blue colour or ppt. Bluish white ppt.
Yellow ppt. 2+ To second part of (ii) To second part of solution add NaOH solution. White ppt. K2CrO4 solution. Yellow ppt. Confirms groups of NH4OH
2+ coloured solution indicates Cu (ii)
.
confirms Pb . 2+ solution add. pot. soluble in excess. 2+ and excess of amm.
Confirmation of Cu Ba .
sulphocyanide solution. Confirmation of Ni2+ and Co2+ phosphate solution -
(ii) Add K2CrO4 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+
A blood red colouration. (ii) If Ba is absent, then to the second part
(i) Add excess of NH4OH solution to If the ppt. obtained is black Ni or Co is indicated. Note the colour White ppt. - Mg .
solution to the 3+
original solution. Deep blue solution. Confirmation of Al 2+ of above solution add amm. sulphate (ii) Perform charcoal
second part of of the salt. If the salt is greenish - Ni is indicated and if the salt is 2+
the (ii)
above Acidify the above deep blue solution
(i) Perform charcoal cavity - solution. A white ppt. confirms Sr . cavity cobalt nitrate
solution. with dil. acetic acid. Add Pot. cobalt nitrate test with purple Co2+ is indicated. 2+ 2+ test with white ppt. -
ferrocyanide solution. Chocolate white ppt. Blue mass. (iii) If both Ba and Sr are absent, then to A pink mass.
Yellow ppt.
2+
2+
2+ (ii) Lake test. White ppt. + Confirmation of Co the third part of the above solution add +
brown ppt. confirms Cu .
confirms Pb . dil. HCl + a few drops of ammonium oxalate solution. A white Test for NH4
(i) 2+ To the salt and
blue litmus solution + (i) Take O.S. and neutralise the acid by adding NH4OH. Add a
ppt. confirms Ca .
pinch of potassium nitrite and acidify with dil. acetic acid - sodium hydroxide
NH4OH solution in Perform the flame test with a part of the solution and heat. If
Yellow ppt.
excess. A blue ppt., (ii) Perform boraxbead test with the salt. - Blue bead salt. ammonia gas evolves
suspended in a 2+ 2+ +
(i) Light green flame-Ba confirmed. NH4 is present.
colourless medium Confirmation of Ni 2+
(called a lake) (ii) Crimson red flame-Sr confirmed. Pass the gas through
(i) Take O.S. and make alkaline by adding NH4OH and then add a 2+ Nessler’s reagent. A
few drops of dimethyl glyoxime - Bright red ppt. (iii) Brick red flame-Ca confirmed. brownish ppt. or
(ii) Perform borax bead test with the salt - Brown bead in colouration is
oxidising flame and grey bead in reducing flame. obtained.
2+
Confirmation of Mn +
Note: NH4 may be
(i) Dissolve flesh coloured ppt. in dil. HCl, boil off H 2S, add NaOH tested in the
and Br2 water. - White ppt. turning grey. beginning of analysis
of basic radicals as
(ii) Perform borax bead test with group ppt. - Pink bead in
zero group.
oxidising flame and colourless in reducing flame.