1 mß.Klfha jeo.

;alu

1'1 mß.Klh y`ÿkd .ksuq

uf.a ku mß.Klh'
mqxÑ hd¿jfka Thd,d leu;shs fkao
ux .ek oek .kak@
uu Thd,df.a tÈfkod Ôú;hg
ojiska oji ióm jk ñ;=rd' udj ksfji"
ld¾hd,h" mdi, wdÈ ish¨u ia:dkj,
olskakg mq¿jka'

uu Thd,f.a wjYH;d imqrd .ekSu i|yd

ksmojk ,o fõ.j;a bf,lafg%daksl hka;%hls'
ixlS¾K ld¾h ld¾hlaIu;dfjka yd jvd;a ksjerÈ f,i
uf.a iyfhka lr .; yels hs'
ug Thd,dg jf.a uykais oefkkafk;aa keye'
tlu fõ.fhka fndfyda fõ,djla
jev lsÍug ug yelshdj we;'

1'1'1 mß.Klfha ld¾h

mß.Klhl uQ,sl ld¾h jkafka o;a; we;=<;a lsÍu" o;a; ieliSu yd
tu ieliQ o;a; ^f;dr;=re& msg;g ,nd §u fõ'
wdodkh (input) ieliSu (process) m%;sodkh (output)
1'1 rEmh - mß.Klfhys uQ,sl ld¾h

fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu msKsihs 1

 wdodkh m%;sodkh

o;a; yd f;dr;=re
Wmfoia

Input Output

o;a; ieliSu (Process)

l%shdldrlu 1 - jevfmdf;a 1'1 n,kak

1'1'2 mß.Klfha ,dlaIKsl .=Kdx.

fõ.h yd ld¾hlaIu;dj
!"##$%&'$%()*+,#'+-.

! ,nd fok ´kEu ld¾hhla b;d flá ld,hlska

ksu l< yels h' ^;;a;amrhla ;=< § l%shdjka
ì,shk .Kkla jqj o isÿ l< yels h&'

ksrjoH;dj
/++01&+-.

! ksjerÈ j o;a; yd Wmfoia we;=¿

l< úg ksjerÈ f;dr;=re ,nd Èh
yels h'
úYajiH;dj ksh; nj
2#3,&4,3,5-. 67'8,85#'+-.
!l%shdj,sh yd m%;sodkh
flfrys úYajdih ;eìh ! lsishï l%shdj,shlg wod<j tl u
yels h' wdodkh ,nd fok iEu wjia:djl§ u
,efnk m%;sodkh iudk fõ'

2 fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu msKsihs

 wdphk Odß;dj msßjeh
!571&9#%+&"&+,5-. 6785.

! o;a; úYd, m%udKhla .nvd ! ñ,§ .ekSug jeämqr uqo,la jeh

lr ;nd .ekSug yels w;r fjkjd jqj;a bkamiq kv;a;= lsÍug
tajd hï l%shdj,shlg wjYH úYd, uqo,la wjYH fkdfõ'
´kE u wjia:djl § ,nd .ekSug
o yels h'

nqoaêuh nj
(Intelligence)
! ,nd fok Wmfoia wkqj u lghq;= lsÍug
yels h' tkuq;a ñksfil= ;rug ;ksj u ;SrK
.ekSug fkdyels h'

1'1'3 ksys; mß.Kl iys; Wmdx.

iShd okakjo@
wu,af.a f.or ;sfhkjd frÈ fidaok
hka;%hla' frÈ ál oeïudu bfíu fiaÈ,d
fõ,s,d tkjd'

ta fldfyduo mqf;a@

ta hka;%h jev lrkafka mß.Kl

jevigyklska¨'''

fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu msKsihs 3

frÈ fidaok hka;%" iqyqre (smart) cx.u ¥rl:k" kQ;k fudag¾ r:"
kQ;k rEmjdyskS hka;% wd§ WmlrK mß.Kl jevigyka wdY%fhka
l%shd;aul fõ' tu WmlrKj, we;=<;a lr we;s mß.Kl jevigyka
ksys; (embedded) mß.Kl moaO;s f,i y`ÿkajkq ,efí'

cx.u ¥rl:k frÈ fidaok hka;% kQ;k fudag¾ r: kQ;k rEmjdysks

1¡2 rEmh - ksys; mß.Kl iys; WmlrK lsysmhla

1'2 mß.Kl ixrpl y`ÿkd .ksuq

ixo¾Ylh
(display)
moaO;s tallh
(system unit)
iamSlrh
(speaker)

h;=re mqjrej
wka;¾cd, rjqgrh
(keyboard)
(internet router)
uQislh
(mouse)
1¡3 rEmh - mß.Klhl m%Odk ixrpl lsysmhla

4 fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu msKsihs

 mß.Klh hkq fldgia .Kkl tl;=jls' tu fldgia fhdod .kakd
ld¾hhfha iajNdjh wkqj ixrplj,g fjka l< yels h¡
² wdodk Wml%u (input devices)
² m%;sodk Wml%u (output devices)
² uOH ieliqï tallh (central processing unit)
² m%Odk u;lh (main memory)
² wdphk Wml%u (storage devices)
² ikaksfõok Wml%u (communication devices)
² wdodk Wml%u (input devices)
mß.Klhg o;a; yd Wmfoia ,nd §u i|yd Ndú; lrk Wmdx. wdodk
Wml%u f,i y`ÿkajhs'

uQislh h;=re mqjrej uhsfl%df*dakh

(mouse) (keyboard) (microphone)

fjí leurdj ;Sre fla; lshjkh ialEkrh

(web camera) (barcode reader) (scanner)
1¡4 rEmh - wdodk Wml%u lsysmhla

² m%;sodk Wml%u (output devices)

mß.Klh ;=< ilia l< o;a;" f;dr;=re msg;g ,nd .ekSu i|yd
Ndú; lrk Wml%u m%;sodk Wml%u f,i y`ÿkajhs¡

mß.Kl ;srh$ ikao¾Ylh uqøK hka;%h Yío úldYl nyq udOH m%lafIamK hka;%h
(computer monitor/ (printer) (speakers) (multimedia projector)
display) 1¡5 rEmh - m%;sodk Wml%u lsysmhla

fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu msKsihs 5

² uOH ieliqï tallh (central processing unit-CPU)
mß.Klh fufyhùfï l%shdj,sh yd ,nd fok ,o Wmfoiaj,g
wkql+,j o;a; ilia lsÍfï l%shdj,sh uOH ieliqï tallh u.ska isÿ
lrkq ,efí¡
uOH ieliqï tallh mß.Klfha moaO;s tallh (system unit) ;=< mj;S¡
th ndysßka ksÍlaIKh l< fkdyels h¡

moaO;s tallh ujqmqjrej uOH ieliqï tallh

(system unit) (mother board) (central processing unit)
1¡6 rEmh - uOH ieliqï tallfha msysàu

² m%Odk u;lh (main memory)

mß.Klh l%shd;aulj mj;sk úg o;a;" f;dr;=re yd Wmfoia ;djld,slj

r`ojd ;nd .kakd Wmdx.h mß.Klfha m%Odk u;lh fyj;a m%d:ñl
u;lh f,i y`ÿkajhs' fuh iiïNdú m%fõY u;lh f,i o ye`Èkafõ'

1¡7 rEmh - iiïNdú m%fõY u;lh

(random access memory -RAM)

² wdphk Wml%u (storage devices)

kej; m%fhdackhg .ekSu i|yd f;dr;=re" o;a; yd Wmfoia .nvd lr
.ekSug Ndú; lrk Wml%u wdphk Wml%u f,i y`ÿkajhs¡

6 fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu msKsihs

 wdphkh

wNHka;r wdphka ndysr wdphka

(internal storage) (external storage)

wNHka;r oDV ;eáh

(internal hard disk) ix.; ;eáh wxls; ùäfhda íÆf¾ ;eáh
(CD) ;eáh (blue ray)
(DVD)

mEka Odjlh
ndysr oDV ;eáh (pen drive)
(external hard disk)
1¡8 rEmh - wdphk Wml%u lsysmhla

² ikaksfõok Wml%u (communication devices)

mß.Klh ;=< we;s o;a;" f;dr;=re jeks oE yqjudrej i|yd Ndú;
lrk Wml%u ikaksfõok Wml%u f,i y`ÿkajhs¡

cd, w;=reuqyqK;a ldâm;

rjqgrh
(network interface card - fudvuh
(router)
NIC) (modem)

1'9 rEmh - ikaksfõok Wml%u lsysmhla

fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu msKsihs 7

 1'3 uDÿldx.j, wjYH;dj

mß.Klh Ndú; lrñka hï ld¾hhla bgqlr .ekSu i`oyd ilia lr

we;s mß.Kl jevigyka uDÿldx. f,i ye`Èkafõ'

l%shdldrlu 2 - jevfmdf;a 1'2 n,kak

uf.a <`. ;sfhk Thdg w,a,kak

fudkjo hd¿ mq¿jka yeu fohlau oDVdx.
fï uDÿldx." oDVdx. lsh,hs y`ÿkajkafka'
lshkafka@ w;ska w,a,kak neß o;a; yd
Wmfoia wvx.= jevigykaj,g
;uhs uDÿldx. lshkafka'''

t;fldg ljqo
mßYS,l lshkafka'@

udj Ndú; lrk

flkd ;uhs mßYS,l
lshkafka''

uDÿldx. u.ska mßYS,lhdg wjYH úúO ld¾h bgq lr .ekSug yels fõ¡
fuf,i mßYS,lhdg wjYH ld¾h bgq lr .ekSug fndfyda uDÿldx.
j¾. ;sfí'

8 fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu msKsihs

 Ms Word Video Editing
Games ùäfhda
,sms f,aLk mß.Kl lS%vd
ieliSu i`oyd joka ixialrK
uDÿldx. uDÿldx.
ieliqï uDÿldx.

Media Player
Paint isxÿ weiSug yd
Ñ;% we`§ug Ñ;%l
ùäfhda ne,Sug udOH
uDÿldx.
Odjl uDÿldx.

1¡10 rEmh - uDÿldx. i`oyd WodyrK lsysmhla

fï ms<sn`o jeäÿr f;dr;=re bÈß mßÉfþoj, § Tng oek.; yels h'

1'4 mß.Kl moaO;s úúO lafIa;% ;=< fhdod f.k we;s wdldrh
kQ;kfha mß.Klh Ndú;h ksid iEu lafIA;%hl u jev lghq;= myiq
ù we;¡ my; oelafjkafka tjeks lafIa;% i`oyd WodyrK lsysmhls'

nexl=
f.dúfmd<

mdi,a

frday,a
l¾udka;Yd,d
1¡11 rEmh - mß.Klh fhdod .kakd lafIa;% lsysmhla

fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu msKsihs 9

1'4'1 mdi,

wo wms b;sydih mdvu

bf.k .;af;a w¨;a úÈylg'
mka;sfha <uhs ljqre;a yßu
wjOdkfhka bf.k .;a;d'
ta fldfydu o@

wo bf.k .;af;a
mß.Klh Ndú;
lr,d'
mexpd''' Thd okakjdo@
mß.Klh Ndú; lr,d mdif,a
f.dvla lghq;= lr .kak
mq¿jka'

mdi,a moaO;sfha ld¾hd,hSh lghq;=

myiqfjka yd ld¾hlaIuj lr .ekSug
mß.Klh fhdod .ekSu'

1¡12 rEmh - mß.Kl wdY%fhka mdi,a

ld¾hd,fha lghq;= isÿ lsÍu

mdvï b.ekaùug l¿ ,E,a, iy fmd;

fjkqjg mß.Klh Ndú; lsÍu'

1¡13 rEmh - isiqka mß.Kl wdY%fhka

bf.k .kakd mka;s ldurhla

10 fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu msKsihs

 wka;¾cd,h Ndú; lrñka mdi,a
úIhhkag wod< wu;r lreKq
,nd .ekSu

1¡14 rEmh - wka;¾cd,h Tiafia

oekqu ,nd .ekSu

1'4'2 nexl=
nexl= lghq;= i`oyd mß.Klh nyq, f,i Ndú; fõ'

uqo,a ;ekam;a lsÍu yd uqo,a ,nd .ekSu i`oyd

iajhxl%Sh fg,¾ hka;% (ATM) Ndú;h

1¡15 rEmh - ATM

hka;%hla

NdKav ñ, § .ekSfï § ì,am;a f.ùu

i`oyd bf,lafg%dksl ldâm;a Ndú;h

1¡16 rEmh -
bf,lafg%dksla ldâm;a
Ndú;fhka ì,am;a f.ùu

wka;¾cd, nexl=lrKh (internet banking)

yd cx.u nexl=lrKh (mobile banking)
nexl= moaO;sh ;=< mß.Kl Ndú;fha kj
m%jK;djls'
1¡17 rEmh - wka;¾cd, nexl=lrKh

fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu msKsihs 11

 1'4'3 frday,a
frday,a ;=< mß.Kl moaO;s Ndú; lrk wjia:d /ila oelsh yels h'

wxls; (digital) WKlgqj ksjfia isgu

jqj o Ndú; l< yels ksys; mß.Kl
iys; Wmdx.hls'
1¡18 rEmh - WK lgqj

oeä i;aldr tallhla ;=< mß.Kl iy

ksys; mß.Kl iys; Wmdx. Ndú;h'

1¡19 rEmh - mß.Kl Ndú; lrk

oeä i;aldr tallhla

Y,Hd.drhla ;=< mß.Kl yd ksys;

mß.Kl iys; Wmdx. Ndú;h'
1¡20 rEmh - mß.Kl Ndú;
lrk Y,Hd.drhla

1'4'4 l¾udka;Yd,d

² ñksia Y%u Ndú;h wju lr ta fjkqjg

mß.Kl Wmdx. Ndú; lrhs' fï ksid
ksIamdokh jeä lr .ekSug yels ù
we;'
² l¾udka;Yd,d ;=< frdfnda ;dlaIKh
fhdod .ksñka lghq;= myiq lr .ekSug
1¡21 rEmh - frdfnda ;dlaIKh Ndú;h fï jk úg yelshdj ,eî ;sfí'

12 fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu msKsihs

1'4'5 f.dúfmd<

wiajkq fk<Su" j,a me< bj;a lsÍu" c,

iemhqu wd§ fndfyda ld¾hhka i`oyd
ksys; mß.Kl iys; WmlrK fhdod
.kS' ta u.ska f.dúfmd< ksIamdok msßjeh
wju ù M,odhS;dj j¾Okh ù we;'

1¡22 rEmh - f.dúfmd< ;=< kùk ;dlaIKh

Ndú;fhka c,h yd fmdfydr fh§u

l%shdldrlu 3 - jevfmdf;a 1'3 n,kak

idrdxYh
³ mß.Klfha m%Odk ld¾h jkafka wdodkh" ieliSu iy
m%;sodkhhs'
³ mß.Klfha m%Odk ixrpl f,i wdodk Wml%u" u;lh" uOH
ieliqï tallh" m%;sodk Wml%u" ikaksfõok Wml%u y`ÿkd
.; yels h'
³ mßYS,lhdg úúO ld¾h bgq lr .ekSu i`oyd uDÿldx. wjYH
fõ'
³ ksys; mß.Kl moaO;s we;=<;a WmlrK i`oyd WodyrK
f,i iqyqre cx.u ÿrl:k" kQ;k rEmjdyskS" frÈ fidaok
hka;% wdÈh y`ÿkd .; yels h'
³ úúO lghq;= i`oyd mß.Kl Ndú; lrhs'

fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu msKsihs 13