A

LAB REPORT
ON
COMPUTER NETWORKING

By
Prajwal Dahal
Exam Roll No: 388-51-22-00006

Submitted to:
Sudip Raj Khadka
Lecturer
Kantipur College of Management and Information Technology

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Course

Computer Networking

Mid Baneshwor, Kathmandu

May 2023
 Table of Content
Introduction to packet tracer and simulation ................................................................ 1
Assign IP Address to an end device ................................................................................. 3
Creating and configuring a simple peer-to-peer network having two PC’s and
testing the connectivity between them............................................................................. 6
Creating a local area network and testing the connectivity within the network. ....... 8
Interconnecting two different Network and testing the connectivity between them. 12
Configuring DHCP server to assign IP address dynamically. .................................... 15
Static Routing .................................................................................................................. 18
HTTP And DNS Server .................................................................................................. 21
 Lab 1
Introduction to packet tracer and simulation

OBJECTIVES:
 To know about packet tracer.
 To be familiar with interface of cisco packet tracer and know how to work
on it.

BACKGROUND THEORY:
Cisco Packet Tracer is a network simulation tool developed by Cisco Systems. It
allows users to create and simulate network topologies and experiment with
different network configurations without the need for physical hardware. Packet
Tracer provides a graphical interface where users can drag and drop networking
devices such as routers, switches, and PCs onto a workspace. The interface of
Cisco Packet Tracer is shown below.

Fig: Interface of Cisco Packet Tracer

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OBSERVATION AND FINDING
Connecting fro.

Fig: Connectivity between different devices

DISCUSSION:
The basic use of Cisco Packet Tracer is demonstrated in this lab. We also use
many tools like Switch, PC, Server, Laptop to know about the working
environment of this cisco packet tracer.

CONCLUSION:
The aim of this lab is to become familiar with Cisco Packet Tracer and its working
environment.

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 Lab 2
Assign IP Address to an end device

OBJECTIVES:
 To know how to assign the IP address to the devices.

BACKGROUND THEORY:
IP address stand for Internet Protocol address. It is a unique numeric value
assigned to a network device, and it is used for the identification and location of a
network device. IP address are of two types they are:

 IPV4
IPv4 addresses are 32-bit numbers represented in a dotted-decimal format.
They consist of four sets of numbers ranging from 0 to 255, separated by
periods. For example, an IPv4 address may look like this: 192.168.0.1.

 IPV6
IPv6 addresses are 128-bit numbers represented in hexadecimal format.
They consist of eight sets of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons.
For example, an IPv6 address may look like this:
2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334.

PROCESS FOR Assigning IP address

Step1: click on pc to assign IP address
Step2: dialog box will appear and go to desktop tab.
Step3: under desktop tab, click on IP configuration.
Step4: assign an IP address and close the dialog box.

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OBSERVATION AND FINDING:
Assigning IP address.

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OUTPUT:

DISCUSSION:
IP address is assigned to the device.

CONCLUSION:
The aim of the lab is to know how to assign the IP address to the devices.

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 Lab 3
Creating and configuring a simple peer-to-peer network
having two PC’s and testing the connectivity between them.

OBJECTIVES:
 To implement peer-to-peer network using packet tracer.
 To test Connectivity
 To communicate between two computer using peer to peer network

BACKGROUND THEORY:

Peer-to-peer (P2P) networking is a distributed networking model in which

participants, known as peers, communicate and share resources directly with each
other, without relying on a central server or authority. In a P2P network, each peer
can act as both a client and a server, enabling them to both request and provide
resources. In a peer-to-peer network, peers establish direct connections with each
other, forming a decentralized network.

PROCESS FOR Creating Peer to Peer Network and Communicate Between

Peers
Step 1: Drag and drop two devices and assign them a unique IP address
Step 2: Connect devices using copper cross-over.
Step 3: To test connectivity, ping the IP address of connected devices

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OBSERVATIONS AND FINDING:
Implement peer-to-peer network in between two PC’s and testing connectivity
between them.

Fig: peer-to-peer network

OUTPUT

DISCUSSION:
Use of peer-to-peer network is demonstrated in this lab. We use two PC’s and
connect between them and assign them IP address, test their connectivity and send
message between them.

CONCLUSION:
In this lab we simulate the peer to peer network and its working process.

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 Lab 4
Creating a local area network and testing the connectivity
within the network.

OBJECTIVE:
 To create a local area network using packet tracer and testing
connectivity within network.
 To know the working process of hub and Switch using simulation

BACKGROUND THEORY:

Local area network (LAN) is a computer network that spans a relatively small
geographical area, such as a home, office building, school, or a small group of
buildings. It is designed to connect computers, devices, and resources within a
limited area, allowing them to communicate and share information. LANs are
commonly used in homes and businesses to facilitate the sharing of resources,
such as printers, scanners, and files, as well as to enable communication between
connected devices. By connecting computers and devices on a LAN, users can
share data, collaborate on projects, and access shared resources conveniently.

Hub, in the context of computer networking, is a basic networking device

that connects multiple devices in a local area network (LAN). It operates at the
physical layer (Layer 1) of the OSI model, which means it simply receives
incoming data signals on one port and broadcasts them out to all other connected
ports.

A switch is a networking device that connects multiple devices within a

local area network (LAN) and directs network traffic between them. Unlike a hub,
a switch operates at the data link layer (Layer 2) and can intelligently manage and
forward data packets based on the MAC addresses of the connected devices.

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OBSERVATIONS AND FINDING
Implement a local area network and testing the connectivity within the network.

Fig: Local Area Network using Switch

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 Fig: Local Area Network using Hub

OUTPUT

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DISCUSSION:
We demonstrate LAN network in this lab. Also use simulation to
distinguish the working process of the hub and switch. We find that hub broadcast
message to all the connected devices whereas switch send message to its receiver
only.

CONCLUSION:
In this lab we demonstrate LAN network using both hub and switch and simulate
the working process of hub and switch

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 Lab 5
Interconnecting two different Network and testing the
connectivity between them.

OBJECTIVES:
 To connect two different network using router.
 To send message from one network to another Network.

BACKGROUND THEORY:
Router is use for connecting two dissimilar network. In this lab we use router for
connecting two different network.

Process for Interconnecting Two Different Network

Step 1: create two LAN network.
Step 2: drag and drop the router and connect router to two different switches
Step 3: assign IP address for each port and enable the port of router
Step 4: assign gateway for each device.

OBSERVATIONS AND FINDING

Interconnecting two different Network and testing the connectivity between them.

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Fig: Interconnection of LAN

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OUTPUT:

DISCUSSION:
We have interconnect two different LAN and test the connectivity.

CONCLUSION:
In this lab we interconnect two different network using Router.

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 Lab 6
Configuring DHCP server to assign IP address dynamically.

OBJECTIVES:
 To configure DHCP server and assign IP address using DHCP.

BACKGROUND THEORY:

DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. It is a network protocol

used to automatically assign IP addresses and network configuration parameters to
devices on a network. DHCP allows devices, such as computers, smartphones, and
network devices, to obtain the necessary network settings without manual
configuration.

PROCESS FOR DHCP SERVER TO ASSIGN IP ADDRESSES:

Step 1: drag and drop required no of desktop, a switch and a server
Step 2: Go to configuration of a server then click on interface and give the IP
address of the server.
Step 3: Go to services of the server, click on DHCP option then on the DHCP
service.
Step 4: Go to IP configuration of the desktop then on the DHCP.

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 Fig: Server configuration

Fig: IP assignment automatically to PCs.

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OBSERVATION AND FINDING:
Automatically Assigning IP Address using DHCP.

DISCUSSION:
DHCP server configuration is implemented in this lab.
CONCLUSION:
We have simulate how DHCP server is use for assigning IP address.

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 Lab 7
Static Routing

OBJECTIVES:
 To know about static routing.
 To know how to give IP route to router.

BACKGROUND THEORY:

Static routing is a networking technique where network administrators manually

configure the routes in a routing table. In static routing, the routing table is
populated with fixed routes, which specify how data packets should be forwarded
from one network node to another.

PROCESS FOR STATIC ROUTING

Step1: Set up required devices and connect with routers
Step2: configure the required setting for network connectivity
Step3: assign port IP address for all routers
Step4: Set a static route for router one and two
Step6: Communicate from one node to another

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OBSERVATION AND FINDINGS:

Fig: Static Routing

OUTPUT

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DISCUSSION:

Static Routing using GUI is implemented where network admin have to manually
add the routing table.

CONCLUSION:
In this lab, we add routing table for the router manually.

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 Lab 8
HTTP And DNS Server

OBJECTIVES:
 To know about DNS and Web server.
 To know how DNS server and Web server work.

BACKGROUND THEORY:

A DNS server is a computer server that contains a database of public IP addresses

and their associated hostnames. It resolves or translates those names to IP
addresses as requested. DNS servers run special software and communicate with
each other using special protocols. They are also referred to as name servers, name
servers, and domain name system servers.

A web server is a computer system that delivers web content to end-users over the
internet via a web browser. It is capable of accepting requests via HTTP or its
secure variant HTTPS.

PROCESS FOR adding HTTP and DNS server

Step 1: drag and drop two server for each DNS and HTTP, one desktop, a switch
and assign IP address to servers and pc.
Step 2: For http server enable the http services on configuration of server.
Step 3: For DNS server enable DNS service and add domain name and its
corresponding address.
Step 6: run domain name in pc web browser

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OBSERVATION AND FINDINGS:

Fig: configuring HTTP and DNS server

Fig: HTTP services

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 Fig: DNS services

OUTPUT:

DISCUSSION:

We communicate with web server using domain name in this lab.

CONCLUSION:
In this lab, we add web server address in DNS server with domain name xyz.com
and access the http server with that domain.

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