Page 

1 of 18 Design of Bridge Abutment 9/29/2022

Client:Infrastructure Development Office, Kavrepalanchok

Project : ANDHERI KHOLA BRIDGE,ROSHI RURAL MUNICIPALITY, KAVRE
Consultant:- Aaditri Engineering Consultancy Pvt.Ltd.,Lalitpur
abutment design
1.0 Design Data
1.1 Materials and Properties
Grade of Concrete = 35.00
characteristic compressive cube strength  of concrete at 28 days
h i i i b h f 28 d fck 35
mean value of compressive cube strength of concrete fcm 45.00
mean value of axial tensile strength of concrete fctm 0.2800
fctk,0.05 is 5% fractile fctk,0.05 0.196
fctk,0.095  is 95% fractile fctk,0.095 0.364
secant  modulus of elasticity of concrete Ecm 32.308
Concrete strain parameter
Concrete strain parameter
Compressive strain in the concrete at the peak stress fC ec1 2.13E‐03
ec2 0.0018
ec3 0.002
Ultimate comprssive strain in concrete ecu 0.0035
ecu1 0.0035
ecu2 0.0035
ecu3 0.0035
Charactristic strength of concrete (fck) 35 N/mm2
Charactristic strength of steel (fyk) 500 N/mm2
Tensile strength of concrete (fctm) 0.2800 MPa
Design yield strength of shear reinforcement fywd = 0.8*fyk/γs 348 MPa
Partial material safetyy factor for concrete (m) 1.5 Basic
Partial material safety factor for Steel (s) 1.15 Basic
Ultimate compressive strain in the concrete (єcu3) 0.0035 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa
modulus of elasticity of reinforcing of steel (Es) 200000 N/mm2
modulus of elasticity of concrete (Ecm) 32308 MPa
modular ratio αe (Es/Ecm) 6.19
Ultimate tensile strain in the steel (єs) = [{fy/(s xEs)}+0.002] 0.00417
Coefficient to consider the influence of the concret strength () 0.67 Cube
Factor
F t ( ) 0.8
Factor () 1
fcd = (*fck/m) 15.633
Factor Fav (fcd) 12.507
Factor  = () 0.400
Self weight of materials as per IRC : 6-2017
Concrete (Cement-Reinforced) 2500.00 Kg/m³
Macadam (Binder Premix) 2200.00 Kg/m
Kg/m³
Water 1000 Kg/m³
Backfill 1800 Kg/m³
Design of Data:
Maximum Seismic Coefficient for Seismic Zone V according to IS: 1893-
1984 0.18

1.2 Dimension Parameters

Effecti e Span of Bridge
Effective 25 00 m
25.00
Total Span of Bridge 27.00 m

Designed By: Checked By: Approved By:

Page 2 of 18 Design of Bridge Abutment 9/29/2022

Client:Infrastructure Development Office, Kavrepalanchok

Project : ANDHERI KHOLA BRIDGE,ROSHI RURAL MUNICIPALITY, KAVRE
Consultant:- Aaditri Engineering Consultancy Pvt.Ltd.,Lalitpur
abutment design
Angle of internal friction of backfill 35.00 degree
Return wall thickness 0.4 m
Approach slab
Length,
Length L 3.50
3 50 m
Width, B 7.50 m
Depth, D 0.30 m
Size of bearing
Length 0.50 m
Width 0.50 m
Thickness 0.10 m
thickness of levelling coarse= 0.15 m

Depth of superstructure 1.80 m

h1 = 9.65 m
h2 = 0.30 m
h3 = 2.050 m
h4 = 7.600 m
h5 = 0.25 m
b9= 1.20 m
b2
b1' b4
b1 = 1.60 m

h2' h2

P
7P

h12
b2 = 0.40 m

6
b3 = 0.54 m

h3
P
4
h1'
b5 b3
b4 = 0.80 m

h5
b11
b5 = 0.260 m,fixed

P
3
h11

h7
P
5
b11= 0 m b9
h9
Length of abutment shaft = 8.40 m
h1

abutment cap h7= 1 m

h9= 0.00 m 0.65
h4
P
1

0
P
2

b6 b1 b7 0.50
b10= 0.80 m h12= 0 m 0
h6
h11= m b12= 0.09 m
b8

1.3 Calculation of weight and C.G. of the abutment stem

Elem
Area, Ai (m2) Weight (Kg) Xi (m) Yi (m) AiXi AiYi
ents
P1 7.92 166320.00 0.6 3.30 4.75 26.14
P2 1 32
1.32 27720 00
27720.00 1 33
1.33 2 20
2.20 1 76
1.76 2 90
2.90
P3 1.20 25200.00 0.60 7.10 0.72 8.52
P4 0.82 17220.00 0.20 8.63 0.16 7.07
p5 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.60 0.00 0.00
P6 0.00 0.00 0.45 9.65 0.00 0.00
11.26 236460.00 7.40 44.63
C.G. from back of abutment, x = 0.66 m
from bottom of abutment, y = 3.97 m
position of cg of bearing from back of abutment= 0.66 m
Moment about back face = 155316.00 Kg-m

Designed By: Checked By: Approved By:

Page 3 of 18 Design of Bridge Abutment 9/29/2022

Client:Infrastructure Development Office, Kavrepalanchok

Project : ANDHERI KHOLA BRIDGE,ROSHI RURAL MUNICIPALITY, KAVRE
Consultant:- Aaditri Engineering Consultancy Pvt.Ltd.,Lalitpur
abutment design
e= 0.00 m
1.4 Calculation of Loads and Moments
Due to Dead Load
Dead load from superstructure= 163920.00
163920 00 Kg
Weight of bearings, expansion joint etc.= 2000.00 Kg
Total dead load from superstructure on each abutment, PDL= 165920.00 Kg
Distance of bearing center from back of abutment= 0.66 m
Eccentricity of DL & LL acting through bearing, e= 0.00 m
Moment due to DL of superstructure about CG of abutment = 518.26 Kg-m

Due to Live Load

Live load from superstructure:
Due to IRC Class A wheel load, in longitudinal direction,

Max. LL on abutment from right side

(11.4x25+11.4x23.8+6.8x19.5+6.8x16.5+6.8x13.5+6.8x10.5)/25
= 38572.80 Kg
Max. LL on abutment cosidering two train of class A= 77145.60 Kg
Due to IRC Class AA Tracked load, in longitudinal direction,=
Max. LL on abutment from right side= 64960.00 Kg
Due to IRC Class 70R loading, in longitudinal direction,= 81360.80 Kg
Impact factor= 1.10
Max LL including Impact, PLL= 89496.88 Kg
Moment due to eccentric load = 282.96
282 96 Kg-m

Due to Earth Pressure

angle degree radians
Ø 35.00 0.6109 Angle of internal friction of soil
α 0 0.00 angle which earth face of wall makes with vertical
β 0 0.00 slope of earthfill
δ 0 0.41 angle of friction between the earth and earthfill should be 
equal to 2/3 of subjected to a maximum 22.5 degree

H 9.35 m Height of wall above the base foractive case
γ 18 KN/m3 Unit weight of soil
The coefficient of active earth pressure(Ka) 0.244
The active earth Force 1615.34 KN
ressure exerted by backfillis 0.42h in dry and 0.33 for wet as per IEC6‐2017,cl 214.1,1.1 3.9 m
d i
moment due to active EP= 6343 4 KN.m
6343.4 KN

Designed By: Checked By: Approved By:

Page 4 of 18 Design of Bridge Abutment 9/29/2022

Client:Infrastructure Development Office, Kavrepalanchok

Project : ANDHERI KHOLA BRIDGE,ROSHI RURAL MUNICIPALITY, KAVRE
Consultant:- Aaditri Engineering Consultancy Pvt.Ltd.,Lalitpur
abutment design

0.58945
0.43743
0 43743
Dynamic active earth pressure 0.36229
Av 0.09 Vertical Seismic Coefficient 0.38673 a
Ah=Z/2 0.18 Horizontal seismic coefficient(Z/2) 1.06744 b
λ= tan‐1(Ah/1+‐Av) 0.41281
λ+= 9.38 0.16
λ‐= 11.19 0.20

Coefficient of dynamic active earth pressure corresponding to λ+
Ca= 0.387 or 0.323
Ca= 0.387
Coefficient of dynamic active earth pressure corresponding to λ‐
Ca= 0.417 or 0.348
Ca= maximum of    0.417   and    0.348
Ca= 0.417
Total dymamic earth pressure (Paw)dyn= 2754.24 KN/m
The static component of static earth pressure= Paw(St)= 1615.34 KN/m
moment due to static EP= 5034.47 KN/m
point of application from base= 3.12 m
Dynamic increment=
Dynamic increment= 1138 91
1138.91 KN/m
point of application from base= 4.68 m
moment due to dynamic increment= 5324.39 KN/m

Live load charge Δ= K*γ*heq
heq= 1.2 m
Live load surcharge= 44.35 KNm
point of appof surchare is at mid ht of wall as per IRC6‐2017,Cl 214.1.2.3= 4.675 m
moment due to surcharge= 207.32 KNm
dynamic Active earth pressure due to uniform surcharge
q= 12 KN/m2
Ca= 0.417
(Paq)dym= Live load surcharge= 75.61 KNm
Dynamic increment= 31.27 KN/m
point of appof surchare is at 0.66 ht of wall as per IRC6‐2017,Cl 214.1.2.3=
i t f f h i t 0 66 ht f ll IRC6 2017 Cl 214 1 2 3 6 171 m
6.171
moment due to dynamic increment= 192.94 KN/m

Hor 
Force(KN) Moment   (KNm)
Static EP 1615.34 6343.4
Static Surcharge EP 44.35 207.32
total static EP 1659.68 6550.74
Dynamic increment EP 1138.91 5324.39

Designed By: Checked By: Approved By:

Page 5 of 18 Design of Bridge Abutment 9/29/2022

Client:Infrastructure Development Office, Kavrepalanchok

Project : ANDHERI KHOLA BRIDGE,ROSHI RURAL MUNICIPALITY, KAVRE
Consultant:- Aaditri Engineering Consultancy Pvt.Ltd.,Lalitpur
abutment design
Dynamic increment Surcharge EP 6.17 192.94
totalDynamic EP 2804.76 10759.11

Due to Temperature Variation

coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete(C)= 0.0000117
length of main girder(L)= 25000 mm
width of girder= 750 mm
assume width of bearing 900 mm
differencial temperature(T)= 30 degree
no of main girder= 2
plan area of bearing(A)= 250000 mm2
At fix bearing
Fh= 20000 Kg
Rg= 165920.00 Kg
Rq= 77145.60 Kg

horizontal force=Fh-0.05*(Rg+Rq) = 7846.72 Kg

or
horizontal force=Fh/2+0.05*(Rg+Rq) = 22153.28 Kg
At free bearing
horizontal force=0.05*(Rg+Rq) = 12153.28 Kg
lateral force due to resistance of bearing= 22153.28 Kg

Which acts at a distance (bearing level) from abutment base = 7.85 m

Moment due to temperature variation 173903.25 Kg-m

Due to Braking Effect

Effect due to class A loading = 0.2x55.4*2 22160 Kg
due to 70R wheel load= 20000 Kg
DL sup.+ abut.+Soil+Approach This acts at distance above deck level 1.2 m
And at a distance from abutment base 11.15 m
Moment due to braking about abutment base 247084.00 Kg-m
Due to resistance of bearing
Given
Gi by 0.1
b 0 1 DL from
f Supersructure=
S t Kg
K
which acts at distance= 7.850 m
moment due to resistance of bearng about base= 0 Kgm
Bouyancy(IRC 6-2017,216,4(a)
Area of stem at top = 10.08 m2
Depth of submerged part of abutment = 7.100 m3
Area of stem at base = 13.44 m2
Area of stem at HFL = 10.194 m2
volume of submerged part of steam= 72.38 m3
volume of footing= 0.00 m3
upward force due to bouyancy= ‐723.79 KN
Due to Seismic force
Zone Number= IV
Zone Factor(Z)= 0.36
Importance Factor(I) for 1.2 Bridge in national and state highwY
Response Reduction Factor = 3
I= 1.2

Designed By: Checked By: Approved By:

Page 6 of 18 Design of Bridge Abutment 9/29/2022

Client:Infrastructure Development Office, Kavrepalanchok

Project : ANDHERI KHOLA BRIDGE,ROSHI RURAL MUNICIPALITY, KAVRE
Consultant:- Aaditri Engineering Consultancy Pvt.Ltd.,Lalitpur
abutment design
Sa/g= 2.5 IRC 6‐2017 Cl219.5.1
Horizontal seismic coefficient
Ah= (Z/2)X(I)X(Sa/g)
Ah=
Ah 0.18
0 18
Total Load Seismic Load Lever arm
Description Moment (Kg-m)
(Kg) (Kg) (m)
Superstructure DL 165920.00 29865.60 8.75 261324.00
Abutment shaft P₁ 166320.00 29937.60 3.30 98794.08
Abutment shaft P₂ 27720.00 4989.60 2.20 10977.12
Abutment shaft P3 25200.00 4536.00 7.10 32205.60
Abutment shaft P4 17220.00 3099.60 8.63 26734.05
Abutment shaft P5 0.00 0.00 6.60 0.00
Abutment shaft P6 0.00 0.00 5.07 0.00
Approach slab 19687.50 3543.75 9.80 34728.75
Backfill 0.00 0.00 4.83 0.00
Total 422067.50 75972.15 464763.60

The horizontal seismic force in the direction perpendicular to the traffic is 20% of LL
horizontal seismic force= 12992 00
12992.00 Kg
lever arm= 11.15 m
moment in transverse drection= 1448.61 KNm
The vertical seismic force is 20% of LL
vertical seismic force= 12992.00 Kg
lever arm= 0.00 m
moment in longitudinal drection= 0.41 KNm

Summary of Loads and Moments

The summary of loads and moments are tabulated below. The transverse forces and moments are not considered,
since it would not be critical due to high moment of inertia of abutment. Therefore stresses are checked in
longitudinal direction only.
combination : dry case non seismic
Description Vertical load (Kg) Horizontal force (Kg) Moment (Kg-m)
Superstructure DL 165920.00 518.26
LL including Impact
89496.88 282.96

Self wt. of abutment 236460.00 155316.00

Braking effect 22160 247084.00

Temperature 22153.28 173903.25
Earth Pressure 161533.68 655074.35
Sub Total 491876.88 205846.96 1232178.81
Seismic Force
Total 491876.88 205846.96 1232178.81
combination :dry case seismic
Description coeff load (Kg) Horizontal force (Kg) Moment (Kg-m)
Superstructure DL 1 165920.00 518.26
LL including Impact
1 89496.88 282.96

Self wt of abutment 1 236460 00 155316 00

Designed By: Checked By: Approved By:

Page 7 of 18 Design of Bridge Abutment 9/29/2022

Client:Infrastructure Development Office, Kavrepalanchok

Project : ANDHERI KHOLA BRIDGE,ROSHI RURAL MUNICIPALITY, KAVRE
Consultant:- Aaditri Engineering Consultancy Pvt.Ltd.,Lalitpur
abutment design
Self wt. of abutment 1 236460.00 155316.00
Braking effect 1 22160 247084.00
Temperature 1 22153.28 173903.25
Earth Pressure 1 161533.6777
161533 6777 655074.35
655074 35
Sub Total 491876.88 205846.96 1232178.81
additional Seismic
75972.15 464763.60
Force
Total 491876.88 281819.11 1696942.41

SUMMARY OF FORCES AND MOMENTS

Summary of Forces and Moments at base of abutmet
S.N V (KN) MT ML FL FT
Forces
(KN.m)
1 Permanent Loads
1.1 Total DL 4023.800 1558.343
Superstructure 1659.2 5.18
Abutment Shaft 2365 1553.16
1 4 backfill wt
1.4
1.5 earth pressure 6550.74 1659.68
Earth fill 6343.43 1615
Live load surcharge 207.316 44
2 Variable Loads
2.1 LL and Associated loa 894.969 2473.670 221.600
Live load 895.0 2.8
Breaking 2470.8 221.6
2 2 Wind
2.2 Wi d LLoad d
For superstructure
For LL superst
For substructure
2.3 LL surcharge effects
2.5 Thermal Loads 1739.03 221.5
4 Seismic effect 129.9 1448.6 10165.4 1904.8 129.9
Due to DL 4647.6 759.7
Due To LL 130 1449 0.4 130
Due To EP 5324.4 1138.9
Due To surcharge 192.9 6.2
5 Hydraulic loads
5.4 Bouyancy -724
Combination of Loads for Limit State De
Partial Safety Factor for Various Equilibrium Condition
Forces Basic Comb.
Comb Accidental Comb.
Comb Seismic Comb.
Comb
Restoring or Restoring or Restoring or
Overturning
Overturning or Resisting Effect Resisting Overturnin g or Resisting
or Sliding or
Sliding or Uplift Effect Sliding or Uplift Effect
Uplift

Dead load 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9

SIDL 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9
Surfacing 1.35 1 1 1 1.35 1
Live Load 15
1.5 0 0 75
0.75 0 0 0
Braking 1.5 0 0.75 0 0 0

Designed By: Checked By: Approved By:

Page 8 of 18 Design of Bridge Abutment 9/29/2022

Client:Infrastructure Development Office, Kavrepalanchok

Project : ANDHERI KHOLA BRIDGE,ROSHI RURAL MUNICIPALITY, KAVRE
Consultant:- Aaditri Engineering Consultancy Pvt.Ltd.,Lalitpur
abutment design
Pressure 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
C.F Force 1.5 0 0.75 0 0 0
Wind 1.5 0 0 0 0 0
Water Current 1.0
10 0 1.0
10 0 1.0
10 0
Seismic 0 0 0 0 1.5 0
Temperature 1.5 0 0 0 0 0
DL + LL surcaharge 1.2 0 0 0 0 0

14.0
Combination of Loads and Moments at Base of Abutment
Serviceability Limit state:
Rare Combination
Factored Load/Moment
S.N. Load Type Factor VL(KN) MT(KN ML(KN FL(KN) FT(KN
m) m) )
1 Total DL 1.00 4023.8 0.0 1558.3 0.0 0.0
2 backfill wt 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 earth pressure 1.00 0.0 0.0 6550.7 1659.7 0.0
4 LL and Associated lo 1 00
1.00 895 0
895.0 00
0.0 2473 7
2473.7 221 6
221.6 00
0.0
5 Wind Load 0.60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
6 LL surcharge effects 0.80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
7 Thermal Loads 0.60 0.0 0.0 1043.4 132.9 0.0
8 Seismic effect 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
9 Bouyancy 0.15 -108.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Net 4810.20 0.00 11626.18 2014.20 0.00
Frequent Combination
F C bi i
Factored Load/Moment
S.N. Load Type Factor VL(KN) MT(KN ML(KN FL(KN) FT(KN
m) m) )
1 Total DL 1.00 4023.8 0.0 1558.3 0.0 0.0
2 backfill wt 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 earth pressure 1.00 0.0 0.0 6550.7 1659.7 0.0
4 LL andd Associated
i d lo
l 0.75 671.2 0.0 1855.3 166.2 0.0
5 Wind Load 0.50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
6 LL surcharge effects 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
7 Thermal Loads 0.50 0.0 0.0 869.5 110.8 0.0
8 Seismic effect 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
9 Bouyancy 0.15 -108.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Net 4586.46 0.00 10833.85 1936.65 0.00
Quasi-parmanent Combination
Factored Load/Moment
S.N. Load Type Factor VL(KN) MT(KN ML(KN FL(KN) FT(KN
m) m) )
1 Total DL 1.00 4023.8 0.0 1558.3 0.0 0.0
2 backfill wt 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 pressure
earth p 1.20 0.0 0.0 7860.9 1991.6 0.0
4 LL and Associated lo 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Designed By: Checked By: Approved By:

Page 9 of 18 Design of Bridge Abutment 9/29/2022

Client:Infrastructure Development Office, Kavrepalanchok

Project : ANDHERI KHOLA BRIDGE,ROSHI RURAL MUNICIPALITY, KAVRE
Consultant:- Aaditri Engineering Consultancy Pvt.Ltd.,Lalitpur
abutment design
5 Wind Load 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
6 LL surcharge effects 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
7 Thermal Loads 0.60 0.0 0.0 1043.4 132.9 0.0
8 Seismic effect 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
9 Bouyancy 0.15 -108.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Net 3915.23 0.00 10462.65 2124.54 0.00

ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE:

Basic Combination
Factored Load/Moment
S.N. Load Type Factor VL(KN) MT(KN ML(KN FL(KN) FT(KN
m) m) )
1 Total DL 1.35 5432.1 0.0 2103.8 0.0 0.0
2 backfill wt 1.50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 earth pressure 1.50 0.0 0.0 9826.1 2489.5 0.0
4 LL and Associated lo 1.50 1342.5 0.0 3710.5 332.4 0.0
5 Wind Load 1.50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
6 LL surcharge effects 1.20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
7 Thermal Loads 1.50 0.0 0.0 2608.5 332.3 0.0
8 Seismic effect 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
9 Bouyancy 0.15 -108.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Net 6666.01 0.00 18248.93 3154.22 0.00

Accidental Combination
Factored Load/Moment
Factored Load/Moment
S.N. Load Type Factor VL(KN) MT(KN ML(KN FL(KN) FT(KN
m) m) )
1 Total DL 1.00 4023.8 0.0 1558.3 0.0 0.0
2 backfill wt 1.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3 earth
th pressure 1.00
1 00 0.0
00 0.0
00 6550.7
6550 7 1659.7
1659 7 0.0
00
4 LL and Associated lo 0.75 671.2 0.0 1855.3 166.2 0.0
5 Wind Load 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
6 LL surcharge effects 0.20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
7 Thermal Loads 0.50 0.0 0.0 869.5 110.8 0.0
8 Seismic effect 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
9 Bouyancy 0.15 -108.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Net 4586.46 0.00 10833.85 1936.65 0.00

Seismic Combination
Factored Load/Moment
S.N. Load Type Factor VL(KN) MT(KN ML(KN FL(KN) FT(KN
m) m) )
1 Total DL 1.35 5432.1 0.0 2103.8 0.0 0.0
2 backfill wt 1.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Designed By: Checked By: Approved By:

Page 10 of 18 Design of Bridge Abutment 9/29/2022

Client:Infrastructure Development Office, Kavrepalanchok

Project : ANDHERI KHOLA BRIDGE,ROSHI RURAL MUNICIPALITY, KAVRE
Consultant:- Aaditri Engineering Consultancy Pvt.Ltd.,Lalitpur
abutment design
3 earth pressure 1.00 0.0 0.0 6550.7 1659.7 0.0
4 LL and Associated lo 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5 Wind Load 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
6 LL surcharge effects 0.20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
7 Thermal Loads 0.50 0.0 0.0 869.5 110.8 0.0
8 Seismic effect 1.50 194.9 2172.9 15248.1 2857.2 194.9
9 Bouyancy 1.00 -723.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Net 4903.22 2172.91 24772.09 4627.65 194.88

SUMMARY OF FORCES FOR DIFFERENT LOAD COMBINATIONS :

Summary of Forces at Base of Abutment

Combination VL(KN) MT(KNm) ML(KN FL(KN) FT(KN)

m)
Servicibili Rare 4810.20 0.00 11626.18 2014.20 0.00
ty limit Frequent 4586.46 0.00 10833.85 1936.65 0.00
state Quasi Perma 3915.23 0.00 10462.65 2124.54 0.00
Structural Basic 6666.01 0.00 18248.93 3154.22 0.00
Strength acidental 4586.46 0.00 10833.85 1936.65 0.00
sismic 4903.22 2172.91 24772.09 4627.65 194.88
15 DESIGN OF ABUTMENT WALL (Refer: Clause 7.6.4. IRC 112-2011)
The Abutment section is checked for Ultimate Limit State
Charecterstic Compressive Strength of Concrete f = 35 Mpa
ck
Ch
Charecterestic
t ti Tensile
T il Strength
St th off Reinforcement
R i f t fy = 500 Mpa
Sectional Area of Abutment Ac = 13.44 m2
Therefore; 0.1x fck x Ac = 47040.00 KN
Maximum Ultimate Axial Compressive Load = 6666.01 KN

Retaining walls,wing walls,abutments and other similar wall-like elements where ultimate axial load is less
than
0.1 fck Ac may be designed as bending elements,neglecting axial load.
Maximum Ultimate Longitudinal Moment ML = 24772.09 KNm
Maximum Ultimate Transverse Moment MT = 2172.91 KNm
Resultant Moment MR = SQRT (ML2 + MT2)
MR 24867.21 KNm
Overall Depth = 1600.00 mm
Clear Cover = 75.00 mm
Diameter of Main Rods (Vertical) = 32.00 mm
Diameter of Distribution Rods (Horizontal) = 16.00 mm
Effective Cover = 99.00 mm
Effective Depth, d = 1501.00 mm
Width of abutment = 8400.00 mm
Fck= 35 N/mm2
Fy= 500 N/mm2
Depth check for longitudinal direction:

Designed By: Checked By: Approved By:

Page 11 of 18 Design of Bridge Abutment 9/29/2022

Client:Infrastructure Development Office, Kavrepalanchok

Project : ANDHERI KHOLA BRIDGE,ROSHI RURAL MUNICIPALITY, KAVRE
Consultant:- Aaditri Engineering Consultancy Pvt.Ltd.,Lalitpur
abutment design
d,req = 715.98 mm
d,provided = 1501.00 mm
ok
Mu,lim = 0.165 x fck x b x d2
= 109293 KNm
ok
Main Reinforcement in longitudinal direction :
0.5 x fck x b x d /fy*[1-(1-4.6Mu/(fck b d2)0.5]
M= 24867.21 KNm
Fck= 35.00 N/mm2
Fy= 500.00 N/mm2
d= 1501.00 mm

0.5 f ck 4.6 m u  b= 8400.00 mm
A st  1  1   bd
fy
 f ck bd 2  ast= 39908.92 mm2
Diameter of Main Rods (Vertical) = 32.00 mm
no of bar required = 49.65 mm
spacing of bar required = 169.19 mm
spacing of bar provided= 150 mm
area of steelprovided= 45015.040 mm²
thus provide 32mm dai bar @c/c spacing of 150mm
Minimum Reinforcement area for each face of wall = 0.0012 x Ac
2
(Cl. 16.3.1 IRC : 112-2011) = 15130 mm
Minimum diameter of bar for vertical reinforcemt should not be less than 12 mm and distance between
two adjecent vertical bars shall not exceed 200 mm.
Horizontal Reinforcement(parallel to faces of wall)
Minimum Horizontal reinforcement (Cl. 16.3.2 of IRC:112-2019)
1) maximum of 25% of vertical reinforcement = 11253.76 mm2
& 0.001 Area of concrete (Ac) = 12608 mm2
Minimum Horizontal reinforcement = 12608 mm2
2) Spacing between two adjacent bar should not be more than = 300 mm
3) Dia. Of bar shall not be less of maximum 1/4*dia of largest bar= 8 mm
& 8 mm
Minimum diameter of reinforcement = 8 mm
Therefore Provide 16 @ 100 mm c/c as Transverse R/F
Therefore, Ast_trans =
16880.64 mm2
ok
Reinforcement on outer face
Provide 25 @ 150 mm c/c Vertically
Therefore, Ast-Vertical = 27475.00 mm2
Provide 16 @ 100 mm c/c as Transverse R/F
Therefore, Ast_trans =
16880.6 mm2
Check for shear(Cl 10.3.3,IRC 12-2019)
Maximum Ultimate Longitudinal Force HL= 4627.65 KN
Maximum Ultimate Transverse Force HT= 194.88 KN
Resultant Force = 2 2
SQRT (HL + HT )
= 4631.7 KN

Designed By: Checked By: Approved By:

Page 12 of 18 Design of Bridge Abutment 9/29/2022

Client:Infrastructure Development Office, Kavrepalanchok

Project : ANDHERI KHOLA BRIDGE,ROSHI RURAL MUNICIPALITY, KAVRE
Consultant:- Aaditri Engineering Consultancy Pvt.Ltd.,Lalitpur
abutment design
Therefore, Ultimate Shear Force,Vu = 4631.7 KN

Design of shear Reinforcement: (Ref: Cl. 10.3.3 of IRC:112-2019) Check for shear:
Shear force  (Vu)
Sh f (V ) = 4631.75
4631 75 KN
Overall depth  of Section  = 1600.00 mm
Effective depth of the section(d) = 1501.00 mm
width of the Section  (b) = 8400.00 mm
Ast = 45015.04 mm2
p1 = Ast/bwd
= 0.0036
< 0.02
K = 1+SQRT(200/d)
= 1.37
Fck = 35.00 N/mm2
Fcd = 15.63 N/mm2
Ned= 0 ϭcp=Ned/Ac Ned=0 ϭcp = 0.00 max 0.2 Fcd
0.2Fcd = 3.13 N/mm2
Vmin =           0.031K3/2f1/2 =
= 0.292
Vmin = 0.031K3/2f 1/2
Strength reduction factor for concrete cracked in shear( v) =0.6(1-fck/310)= = 0.532
Check for concrete compression strut:
VED < 0.5 bw d v fcd
0.5 bw d v fcd = 52457.04 KN
The design shear resistance of member without shear einforement
VRdc =[0.12K(80ƥ1fck) +0.15ϭcp]bwd VRdc = 4415.04 KN
VRd i =[Vmin+0.15ϭcp]bwd
VRdcmin [V i +0 15 ]b d VRd
VRdc = 3687 80 KN
3687.80
hence VRdc = 4415.04 KN
Hence Shear reinforcemet required
Provide nominal 12 @ 300 mm c/c as shear bar

CHECK FOR DUCTILE

CONFINING REINFORCEMENT
Area of longitudinal steel = 72490 mm2
Area of concrete section = 13440000 mm2
Fck= = 35 N/mm2
Longitudinal reinforcement ratio = 0.0053936
Clear cover to reinforcement = 75 mm
Design axial load NED = 4631.75 t
fyd = 348
Normalised axial force nk = (NED/(Ac x fckk)
= 0.010
<0.064
confinement steel not required
( Eq.17.1 of IRC: 112-2019) Hence Confinement reinforcement not required.
CRACKWIDTH CALCULATION FOR ABUTMENT SHAFT
Overal depth of the section (h) = 1600.00 mm
Width of the section ((b)) = 8400.00 mm
Clear cover c = 75.00 mm

Designed By: Checked By: Approved By:

Page 13 of 18 Design of Bridge Abutment 9/29/2022

Client:Infrastructure Development Office, Kavrepalanchok

Project : ANDHERI KHOLA BRIDGE,ROSHI RURAL MUNICIPALITY, KAVRE
Consultant:- Aaditri Engineering Consultancy Pvt.Ltd.,Lalitpur
abutment design
Effective cover cover (C) = 99.00 mm
Effective depth (d) = 1501.00 mm
Grade of concrete Fck = 35.00 N/mm2
Grade
d off steell Fyk = 500.00 N/mm2
/
se moment,using quasi prmanent combination for crack widh check (M) = 10462.65 KNm
fcm = 45
Es = 200000
Ecm = 32308 Ec,eff
m = 6.19
Ast = 45015.040
Asc = 16880 64
16880.64
Dai, of bar( Φ1) = 32.00
Φ2 =
no of bar,n1 = 56.00
n2 =
Φ = 32 mm
bar spaing = 150
Allowable crack width Wmax = 3 mm
Crack width Wk = Srmax(εsm - εcm) (Eq. 12.5 of IRC:112-2019)
Srmax= maximum crack spacing
εsm = Mean strain in the reinforcement
εcm= mean strain in concrete between cracks
If Spacing ≤ 5(c+Φ/2) 575 mm
Spacing of bar= 150 mm
c= 75 00 mm
75.00
calculation of Sr,max (Ref. Eq.12.8 of IRC 112-2019) k1= 0.8
S = 3.4 c + 0.425 k1 k2 Φ k2= 0.5
r.max       
ρ ρ
,eff Φ= 32.00
P ρ,eff= As/Ac,eff
P ρ,eff= 0.022
Sr.max= 506.24 mm

Transformed area ofcompression steel (m-1)Asc 87617.56478 mm2

Transformed area of tension steel mast 278661.879 mm2

d
dc=x x= 284.14
284 14 mm
2.5(h-d)= 247.5 mm
hc,ef=minimum of (h-x)/3= 438.62 mm
h/2= 800 mm
hc,ef= 247.5 mm
Ac,eff= 2079000 mm2
Calculation of ԑsm & ԑcm
cracked Moment of Inertia I x= 5.49735E+11 mm4

Designed By: Checked By: Approved By:

Page 14 of 18 Design of Bridge Abutment 9/29/2022

Client:Infrastructure Development Office, Kavrepalanchok

Project : ANDHERI KHOLA BRIDGE,ROSHI RURAL MUNICIPALITY, KAVRE
Consultant:- Aaditri Engineering Consultancy Pvt.Ltd.,Lalitpur
abutment design
Stress in steel is given by σsc = m x M (d-x)/Ix
= 143.37 N/mm2
Maximunm tensile stres in the reinforcement=0.8fyyk= 400 N/mm2
Hence ok
Strain in tension steel =fs/Es 0.00072

Zs =
The Concrete Stres at top of section : Zc = 1934725847
σ c = M E / Z E
ED   cff  c  S
σ c = 0.873579667 N/mm2
(Ref: Cl. 12.2.1 of IRC: 112-2019) 0.36fck = = 12.60 N/mm2
ok

σsc= 143.37 N/mm2

fct,eff = Fctm= 0.2800 N/mm2
K1= 0.8
P ρ,eff= 0.021652256
ɑe=m=Es/Ecm= 6.19
Es= 200000 N/mm2

(Ref: Eq. 12.6 of IRC: 112‐2019) (εsm  ‐ ε )     = σ ‐ k ( f / р )(1+ ɑ  р )

cm SC    t ct,eff  p,eff e  p,eff  ≥0.6 x σs / 
Es
ES
(εsm  ‐ εcm) = 0.000658174 Max of both
0.6 x σs / Es = 0.0004301
Hence (εsm - εcm) = 0.000658174

Crack Width  WK         = Srmax(ε
sm  ‐ εcm) 0.33 mm
< 3 mm
ok
Design of abutment cap:
Vertical reaction due to Dead load, PDL= 165920.00 Kg
Live load including impact, PLL= 89496.88 Kg
Total vertical reaction= 255416.88 Kg

Assume Cap thickness= 1000.00 mm

Providing min. area of steel @1%, area of steel required /m = 2160.00 mm²
Thus Provide, on top and bottom, Ф 20.00 mm bars @ 130.00 mm c/c
Giving an Steel Area of= 4833 22 mm²
4833.22 ok

As per IRC:78-2000, clause 710.10.4 the two layers of mesh reinforcement, one at 20 mm from top and the other at
100 mm from top of abutment cap each consisting of 8 mm Ф bars @ 100 mm c/c in both directions, shall be
provided directly under the bearings.

Design of Backwall:
o
Horizontal force due to earth pressure= 0 5γs×(h3-
pressure 0.5γ h2)²×tan²(45
(h3 h2) tan (45 -Ф/2)
Ф/2)
= 746.92 Kg/m

Designed By: Checked By: Approved By:

Page 15 of 18 Design of Bridge Abutment 9/29/2022

Client:Infrastructure Development Office, Kavrepalanchok

Project : ANDHERI KHOLA BRIDGE,ROSHI RURAL MUNICIPALITY, KAVRE
Consultant:- Aaditri Engineering Consultancy Pvt.Ltd.,Lalitpur
abutment design
Which acts at a distance from backwall base= 0.735 m

Magnitude of surcharge, q= 2160 Kg/m²

Horizontal force due to surcharge = q×(h3-h2)×tan2(45o-Ф/2)

= 1024.34 Kg/m
Which acts at a distance from backwall base= 0.875 m

Self weight of backwall /m width= 2050 Kg/m

Live load on back wall considering class A loading= 11400 Kg
Live load on back wall considering class70R loading= 17000 Kg
This acts at a distance from backwall toe= 0.200 m

Moment due to earth pressure about backwall base= 1445.28 Kg-m/m

Moment due to self weight and LL= 5450.00 Kg-m/m
Total Moment= 6895.28 Kg-m/m
Total Moment including FOS= 10342.92 Kg-m/m
103.43 KNm
Overall Depth = 400 00
400.00 mm
Clear Cover = 50.00 mm
Diameter of Main Rods (Vertical) = 16.00 mm
Diameter of Distribution Rods (Horizontal) = 12.00 mm
Effective Cover = 64.00 mm
Effective Depth, d = 336.00 mm
Width of abutment = 1000.00 mm
D h check
Depth h k:
d,req = 133.83 mm
d,provided = 336.00 mm
ok
Mulim = 0.165 x fck x b x d2
= 652 KNm
ok
Reinforcement in vertcaldirection :
0.5 x fck x b x d /fy*[1-(1-4.6Mu/(fck b d2)0.5]
M= 103.43 KNm
Fck= 35.00 N/mm2
Fy= 500.00 N/mm2
d= 336.00 mm
0.5 f ck  4.6 m u  b= 1000.00 mm
Ast  1  1   bd
f y  f ck bd 2  ast= 730.70 mm2
Diameter of Main Rods (Vertical) = 16.00 mm
no of bar required = 3.64 mm
spacing of bar required = 275.02 mm
spacing of bar provided= 200 mm
area of steelprovided= 1004.800 mm²
Thus Provide Ф 16.00 mm bars @ 200.00 mm c/c
And, as distribution bar, provide Ф 12.00 mm bars @ 150.00 mm c/c

Designed By: Checked By: Approved By:

Page 16 of 18 Design of Bridge Abutment 9/29/2022

Client:Infrastructure Development Office, Kavrepalanchok

Project : ANDHERI KHOLA BRIDGE,ROSHI RURAL MUNICIPALITY, KAVRE
Consultant:- Aaditri Engineering Consultancy Pvt.Ltd.,Lalitpur
abutment design

b2''

Design of RCC Stoppers:

Base width of sttoper, b1'' = 0.6 m
Top width of sttoper, b2'' = 0.6 m h1''
Height above abutment cap, h1'' = 0.8 m
Length of sttoper, l = 0.80 m

Horizontal force acting on the stopper above pier cap b1''

= 10% of vertical load
= 165.92 KN

Friction resistance= 248.88 KN

However for additional factor of safety, assuming an extra lateral force in excess of frictional
resistance taking aR = 0.20 in worst case.
Therefore Fs=
Therefore, 331 84
331.84 KN
Difference 82.96 KN
Moment at the base of stopper = 66.37 KNm
Moment due to earth pressure including FOS= = 99.55 KNm
Overall Depth = 600.00 mm
Clear Cover = 50.00 mm
Diameter of Main Rods (Vertical) = 16.00 mm
Diameter of Distribution Rods (Horizontal) = 12 00
12.00 mm
Effective Cover = 64.00 mm
Effective Depth, d = 536.00 mm
Width of abutment = 800.00 mm
Depth check :
d,req = 146.79 mm
d,provided = 536.00 mm
ok
Mulim = 0.165 x fck x b x d
2

= 1327 KNm
ok

0.5 x fck x b x d /fy*[1-(1-4.6Mu/(fck b d2)0.5]

M= 99.55 KNm
Fck=
k 35.00 N/mm2
/
Fy= 500.00 N/mm2
d= 536.00 mm
0.5 f ck  4.6 m u  b= 800.00 mm
Ast  1  1   bd
f y  f ck bd 2  ast= 433.44 mm2
Diameter of Main Rods (Vertical) = 16.00 mm
no of bar required = 2.16 mm
spacing of bar required = 370.91 mm

Designed By: Checked By: Approved By:

Page 17 of 18 Design of Bridge Abutment 9/29/2022

Client:Infrastructure Development Office, Kavrepalanchok

Project : ANDHERI KHOLA BRIDGE,ROSHI RURAL MUNICIPALITY, KAVRE
Consultant:- Aaditri Engineering Consultancy Pvt.Ltd.,Lalitpur
abutment design
spacing of bar provided= 150 mm
area of steelprovided= 1071.787 mm²
Thus Provide Ф 16.00 mm bars @ 150.00 mm c/c

Thus provide nominal shear reinforcement, Ф 12.00 mm bars @ 150.00 mm c/c

Design of Return wall:

Return wall will be monolithic with backwall. They are joined together through 30 cm x 30 cm fillets. The load acting
on the wing walls would be earth pressure and is designed to withstand a live load equivalent to surcharge of 1.2 m
height of earth fill according to IRC:78-2000.
h1' = 3.050 m
h2' = 1.20 m
h3 = 2.05 m
h7 = 1.00 m
b1' = 3.50 m b1'
Thickness of return wall assumed= 400.00 mm

h2'
Average value of earth pressure=

h3
0.5γs×(h1/2+h2/2+1.2)²×tan²(45o-Ф/2)

h1'
= 2696.37 Kg b11

h7
Acting at a distance from wing wall bottom= 1.06 m
b9
Moment due to earth pressure= 16515.25 Kg-m/m

Moment due to earth pressure including FOS= = 247.73 KNm

Overall Depth = 400.00 mm
Clear Cover = 40.00 mm
Di
Diameter
t off Main
M i Rods
R d (Vertical)
(V ti l) = 16 00
16.00 mm
Diameter of Distribution Rods (Horizontal) = 12.00 mm
Effective Cover = 54.00 mm
Effective Depth, d = 346.00 mm
Width of abutment = 1000.00 mm
Depth check :
d,req = 207.12 mm
d,provided = 346.00 mm
ok
Mulim = 2
0.165 x fck x b x d
= 691 KNm
ok
Reinforcement in vertcaldirection :
0.5 x fck x b x d /fy*[1-(1-4.6Mu/(fck
y [ ( ( b d2)0.5]
) ]
M= 247.73 KNm
Fck= 35.00 N/mm2
Fy= 500.00 N/mm2
d= 346.00 mm
0.5 f ck  4.6 m u  b= 1000.00 mm
Ast  1  1   bd
fy  f ck bd 2  ast= 1777.15 mm2
Diameter of Main Rods ((Vertical)) = 20.00 mm
no of bar required = 5.66 mm

Designed By: Checked By: Approved By:

Page 18 of 18 Design of Bridge Abutment 9/29/2022

Client:Infrastructure Development Office, Kavrepalanchok

Project : ANDHERI KHOLA BRIDGE,ROSHI RURAL MUNICIPALITY, KAVRE
Consultant:- Aaditri Engineering Consultancy Pvt.Ltd.,Lalitpur
abutment design
spacing of bar required = 176.69 mm
spacing of bar provided= 150 mm
Thus Provide Ф 20.00 mm bars @ 150.00 mm c/c
Giving
Gi i an Steel
S l Area
A off = 4450.59
44 0 9 mm²²
And, as distribution bar, provide Ф 12.00 mm bars @ 150.00 mm c/c in vertical direction

In the fillet joint, provide Ф 12.00 mm bars @ 150.00 mm c/c as nominal reinforcement

The wing wall would be properly anchored to the abutment, backwall and cap.

Designed By: Checked By: Approved By: