Electrical Power Distribution (ELE-4333)

Project
Alain Higher Colleges of Technology

Project Design and analysis of Due Date

Tuesday, 4th May, 2021
Power Distribution Lay
out for a Villa
Max Marks 100 Date Submitted

% of final grade 25% Section

Student Name(s) Saeed Nasser Alyahyaee Student ID(s) H00322489

Mohammed Alblooshi H00348206

Ahmed Salem H00348029

Abdulla Saleh H00355113

Declaration: Group/Individual
1. No part of this assignment has been copied from another source, (not from another group or
student, an internet source or a book)
2. When another person’s words are used, this is shown in the text with “…” and referenced.
3. No part of this assignment has been written by anyone other than the member(s) of the group
named below.
4. We/I have a copy of this assignment that we/I can produce if the first copy is lost or damaged.

Names and Signatures :

Name:-……………………………………………………… Signature ……………………

N.B. The marker may choose not to mark this assignment if the above declaration is not signed.

▪ If the declaration is found to be false, appropriate action will be taken.

▪ Plagiarism is copying and handing in someone’s work as your own. Any student found guilty of
this type of cheating will be dismissed from the college.
Received By………………………… Date ……………………………

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 Electrical Power Distribution (ELE-4333)

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 ....................................................................................................................................
introduction .............................................................................................................................. 3
1.1 SYMBOLS INDENTIFICATIONS: ....................................................................................... 4
Chapter 2 ....................................................................................................................................
2.0 LAY OUT USING AUTOCAD ......................................................................................... 6
2.1 LOAD CALCULATIONS: .......................................................................................................... 7
2.2 LOAD DISTRIBUTION SCHEDULE: ....................................................................................... 8
2.3 CABLE SIZE CALCULATIONS: .............................................................................................10
Chapter 3 ....................................................................................................................................
POWER CALCULATIONS ................................................................................................ .…
3.1 MCB SELECTION: ...............................................................................................................11
3.2 POWER FACTOR: .................................................................................................... 12
3.3 EARTING SYSTEMS: .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..16

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 Electrical Power Distribution (ELE-4333)

Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

This project is about creating a load distribution schedule of a villa, according to the loads we
did choose the best MCB to protect the system from any short circuit current, in addition to the proper
cable size to avoid overheating. Also, the layout of the villa is drawn by the AUTOCAD program.

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 Electrical Power Distribution (ELE-4333)

1.1 SYMBOLS INDENTIFICATIONS

Main Distribution Board (MDB)

Sub Main Distribution Board (SMDB)

Distribution Board (DB)

Molded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB)

Earth Leakage Protective Device (RCD)

Fuse

3 A switched socket outlet

Fluorescent light fitting - ceiling mounted

Exhaust fan

Ceiling mounted fan

Earth connection

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 Electrical Power Distribution (ELE-4333)

A Villa Front Elevation and floor plan (ground floor, first floor) is shown in Fig

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Electrical Power Distribution (ELE-4333)

Chapter 2

Lay out using AUTOCAD

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 Electrical Power Distribution (ELE-4333)

Load Calculations:

In the load calculation first of all count all the appliance’s and their Rating current The regular Volt is 230
with reference from phase to neutral Line .when all appliance is counted on Red Phase .same as all
three-phase. Now red Phase has some power is watt yellow phase ha some power and blue has some
power in Watt Now use this formula to get the power in watt:

Total Power = Phase(Red) watt + Phase(Yellow) watt+ Phase (blue) Watt

When the total power is calculated in the watt ,Calculate current of each Phase

Now use this formula to get the Current in ampere

Current = Watt * Load Factor / Volt

Load factor is defined as an expression of how much energy was used in a time period .there are 2
Expressions for Load factor Listed below

1. NCL No Continuous Load .Loads which are switched not on for full day Value is (0.6)

2. CL Continuous Load .Loads which are in work full day like fridge Value is (1.25)

Here we use NCL (0.6) because our load is non continuous

In this way each phase current is calculated now add 3 phase current together to find the total current

I total = I Red + I Yellow + I blue

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 Electrical Power Distribution (ELE-4333)

Load Distribution Schedule:

Load Distribution term is defined as the distribution of 3 phase volt and neutral from Main DB panel to
Local electrical Point Like Lights, Fan, AC etc.

In the Load distribution, we do not have to distribute the heavy load on the same phase as 3 ac on the
same load it will create a load Management problem and your distribution is becoming weak and not
reliable.

so, you have to distribute the heavy load on both Phases.

Like in our scenario we distributed the 3 phases on different categories given below

Below pic is the calculation for the First floor

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 Electrical Power Distribution (ELE-4333)

This table above shows the load calculation of the ground floor
calculation:

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 Electrical Power Distribution (ELE-4333)

CABLE SIZE CALCULATIONS:

This chart below shows the cable size that we need to avoid overheating according to the
amount of current flow.

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 Electrical Power Distribution (ELE-4333)

Chapter 3

MCB Selections

Selection of MCB is also depend on the current caring capacity of conductor

as from this table we get the MCB Current Range

This table below shows the chosen MCB in each part of the villa:

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 Electrical Power Distribution (ELE-4333)

Power Factor:

In electrical engineering, the power factor (PF) of an AC electrical power system is defined as the ratio of
working power (measured in kilowatts, kW) absorbed by the load to the apparent power (measured in
kilovolt amperes, kVA) flowing through the circuit. Power factor is a dimensionless number in the closed
interval of −1 to 1.

The “ideal” power factor is one (also referred to as “unity”). This is when there is no reactive power
through the circuit, and hence apparent power (kVA) is equal to real power (kW). A load with a power
factor of 1 is the most efficient loading of the supply.

As we Know The formula for Ac current is

p=V * I * Cos(Ø)

From this equation we get

𝑃 ∗ 1000
̇
√3 ∗ 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡 ∗ 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡

Our Total Power is 17.2KW

Our total current is 44.86

Out Volt is equal to 440

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 Electrical Power Distribution (ELE-4333)

So from this we get our Power Factor = 0.87

For Power Factor Correction We use this chart

from P.F improvement table (0.87 -0.9)

Value of Multiplier = 1.440

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 Electrical Power Distribution (ELE-4333)

Reacquired KVAR Rating Capacitor = 24.768 = 25KVAR

Earth system:

An Earthing system connects the electricity part with the ground for safety purpose. Electric Power
system reacquires ground for safety purpose. The tall structure may have lighting rods for protection
purpose.

Methods and types for electrical Earthing

1. Plate Earthing
2. Pipe Earthing
3. Rod Earthing
4. Earthing through the Waterman
5. Strip or wire Earthing

That part of the Earthing system which interconnects the overall metallic parts of electrical installation
e.g. conduit, ducts, boxes, metallic shells of the switches, distribution boards, Switches, fuses, Regulating
and controlling devices, metallic parts of electrical machines such as, motors, generators, transformers
and the metallic framework where electrical devices and components are installed is known as earth
wire or earth continuity conductor as shown in the Below fig.

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 Electrical Power Distribution (ELE-4333)

In this Method you just have to connect your main DB box with the solid conductor which is also called
Earthing Lead to Earth .
Benefit of Earthing is this when there any appliance is short circuit the current will find easy way to go to
ground and Neutralized and it act like a safety for living

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 Electrical Power Distribution (ELE-4333)

These are the formula’s Which are used for electrical calculations.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, in this project We identified the symbols, also we have used

AUTOCAD program to show the lay out using, in addition to do the calculation of
the load and cable size, and show the reasons of why we select MCB, and earthing
system.

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